Ôn tập hóa hữu cơ 11

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8
9
10







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1 vòng
(1 + 1

k=1
VD:

(1 + 2 )

k=1

k=2

CH3–CH2–CH3

k = 0.

CH=CH2
k = 5.

xHyOzNtXv

k

(2x

t) (y v)
2

1

(*)

*
•
•
•

k' = k + 1.
không
xHyOz:

k
VD:

3H8

có k

3 2 8
2

1

2x

y
2

1

0




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R—G
VD: Trong C6H5CH2OH thì C6H5CH2–

VD: CH2=CHCH2—Cl + NaOH

CH2=CHCH2—OH + NaCl.

CTCT

CTCT
–X
halogen

(X = halogen)

Ancol

–O—H
O
–C—H

–X

halogen

CH3Cl

–OH

CH3OH

–CHO

CH3CHO

Axit
cacboxylic

O
–C—OH

–COOH

cacboxyl

CH3COOH

Este

O
–C—OH

–COO–

este

CH3COOCH3

–NH2

amin

CH3NH2

Amin

H
–N—H

–

k = kR + kG

và kG
VD:
HD:

k = 1.



k

2

R


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VD: CH3CH2OH, CH3COOH, …

•

VD: CH2=CHCH2OH, HCOOCH=CH2, …

•

VD: C6H5COOH, …

•

VD: CH3OH, C6H5COOCH3, …

•
•

VD: HOCH2CH2OH, (COOH)2, …

•

VD: H2NCH2COOH, …

–OH
"ol"

–CHO
"al"

–COOH
"oic"

–COO–
"oat"

Ancol
Anđehit
Axit cacboxylic
Este

CH4
metan

–

C2H6
etan

C3H8
propan

C4H10
butan

C5H12
pentan



C6H14
hexan

C7H16
heptan


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1
(a) CH2=CH–CH3

(b) CH2=CH–C–CH3

(c) CH3–C

(d) CH2=CH–CH=O

O
(e)

3

O=C—OH

(f)

2
(a) C3H8O.
(d) C2H5OH.
(g) C3H7Cl.

O
CH2—O—C—CH3
O
CH—O—C—CH3
O
CH2—O—C—CH=CH2

(b) C3H6.
(e) (CH3)3COH.
(h) C2H7N.

3

3CH2OH

+ Na

là
B) OH.

(c) C4H8O2.
(f) C6H12O6.
(i) C2H5NO2.

CH3CH2ONa + ½H2.

3CH2OH

A) CH3.

4

3CHO

C) ONa.

+ Ag2O

CH3COOH + 2Ag.

3CHO

A) CH3.

là
B) CHO.

D) CHO.

C) CH3COOH.

5
A) HCOOC2H5.
C) CH3CH2COOH.

B) CH3CH2OH.
D) HCHO.

A) HCOOCH3.
C) CH3COOCH3.

B) CH3COOH.
D) CH3COOC2H5.

6

7
(A) HCOOH.
(C) HCOOCH3.

không
(B) CH3COOH.
(D) HOOC–COOH.



D) OH.


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8
A) HCOOCH3, CH3CH2OH, CH3COOCH=CH2.
B) HCOOH, HCHO, HCOOCH3.
C) HCOOCH3, CH3COOCH3, CH3COOCH=CH2.
D) CH3COOH, CH2=CHCOOH, C6H5COOCH3.
9
(a)

(b)
(c)
(d)
A HOOC–CH2CH2–
A)
C)
B

B)
D)
2=CHCOOH.

X là axit

A)
B)
C)
D)
C
(A) propanal.
(C) axit propanoic.
D
(A) 2–metylpropan–3–ol.
(C) 2–metylpropan–1–ol.

3CH2CHO

là
(B) etanal.
(D) propanol.

3)2CH–CH2OH

là
(B) butan–1–ol.
(D) butan–2–ol.

E
(A) etyl fomat.
(C) metyl fomat.

(B) metyl axetat.
(D) etyl axetat.

F
(A) HCOOCH3.
(C) CH3COOCH=CH2.

(B) CH3COOCH3.
(D) CH2=CH – COOCH3.

3 là




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VD1:
(a) C4H10.

(b) C3H6O2

là k

4H10

(a)

2.4 10
2

1

0

C4H10
CH3

– CH2 – CH2 – CH3
(2) CH3 – CH – CH3
CH3
3

3H6O2

(b)

là k

2.3 6
2

1

(3) CH3 – C – CH3
CH3
1

3H6O2
3

C3H6O2
C3H6O2

– CH2 – COOH.
2H5;

CH3COOCH3.

G
(a) C5H12.

(b) C4H8.

(c) C4H10O.

(d) C4H8O2

H
(a) C3H8.

(b) C3H7Cl.

(c) C3H8O.

(d) C3H9N.




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CnH2n+2–2kOa

VD2:

a = 1.
CnH2nO.
VD3:

kR = 1.
kG
•
CnH2n–4O4.
VD4:

2H3

2H3O)n

hay C2nH3nOn.

2 2n 3n
k
2
kR = 0.
có n nhóm CHO
1 và 2

k=2

1

n
2

1
1

kG =n

C4H6O2.

k

n

2


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I
J

K

L
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
M

2

s

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Câu
1

Câu
9

2

A

B

3

B

B

A

4

B

C

A

5

D

D

C

6

B

E

C

7

C

F

C

8

C

1 (a) k = 1; (b), (c) và (d) k=2; (e) k = 5; (f) k = 4.
2 (a), (d), (e), (g), (h) k = 0; (b), (c), (f), (i) k = 1.
9 (a) k = 0; (b) k = 1; (c) k = 0; (d) k = 2.
G (a) C5H12

C

C–C–C–C–C
C–C–C–C
C

C–C–C

C–C–C=C

C–C=C–C

C – C – C – C – OH

C – C – C – OH

C

(b) C4H8

(c) C4H10

C–C–C–C
OH
C–O–C–C–C

C
OH
C–C–C
C
C–O–C–C
C

C–C–O–C–C



C–C=C
C


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(d) C4H8O2
C – C – C – COOH

C – C – COOH

HCOO – C – C – C

C
HCOO – C – C

C – COO – C – C

C
C – C – COO – C

H (a) C3H8
C–C–C
(b) C3H7
C – C – C – Cl

C – C – Cl
C

(c) C3H8
C – C – C – OH
C–O–C–C

C – C – OH
C

C – C – C – NH2

C – C – NH2
C
C–N–C
C

(d) C3H9

C – C – NH – C
I CnH2n – 4
J CnH2n – 2O2
K CnH2n – 8O
L (a) CnH2n + 2O
(b) CnH2nO
(c) CnH2n + 2O3
(d) CnH2n – 2O2
(e) CnH2n – 2O
(f) CnH2n – 4O4
(g) CnH2nO2
(h) CnH2n – 4O4
(i) CnH2n + 3N
(j) CnH2n + 2N2
M C2H2O4