Cambridge primary science 2 learners book

ENDORSED BY

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CAMBRIDGE
International Examinations

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CATMBRIDGE PRIMARY

Sclence
Legrner's Book

Jon Boord qnd Aton Cross

Cl.tvlSRTDGE
UNI\TERSITY PRESS


CaMSRTDGE
IINTVERSITY PRESS

University Printing House, Cambridge

crz

8us, United Kingdom

Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.

It furthers the University's mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of
education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.

Information on this title: education.cambridge.org
@

Cambridge University Press zor4

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions ofrelevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published zor4
3rd printing zor5
Printed in Dubai by Oriental Press
Cover artwork Bill Bolton

A catalogue recordfor this publication is availablefrom the British Library

rsrx

978-r-ro7 -6tr39-9 Paperback

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Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy ofsuch information
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References to Activities contained in these resources are provided'as is' and information
provided is on the understanding that teachers and technicians shall undertake a thorough
and appropriate risk assessment before undertaking any ofthe Activities listed. Cambridge
University Press makes no warranties, representations or claims ofany kind concerning the
Activities. To the extent permitted by law Cambridge University Press will not be liable for
any loss, injury, claim, liability or damage of any kind resulting from the use of
the Activities.

"' :,"?-*;Jffu-L.*:
The combridge Primary science series hos been developed to motch
the Combridge lnternotionol Exominotions Primory Science curriculum
fromework. lt is o fun, flexible ond eosy-to-use course thot gives both
leorners ond teochers the support they need.ln keeping with the oims of
the curriculum itself, it encouroges leorners to octively engoge with the
content, ond develop enquiry skills os well os subject knowledge.
This Leorner's Book for Stoge 2 covers oll the content from Stoge 2 of the
curriculum fromework,The topics ore covered in the order in which they ore
presented in the curriculum for eosy novigotion. But they con be tought in
ony order thot is most oppropriote to you.

The content poges contoin mony imoges ond questions thot you con
use os o bosis for closs discussions.The emphosis in this stoge is on linking
whot leorners know obout everydoy life to scientific ideos.

Throughout ihe book, you will find ideos for procticol octivities which will
help leorners to develop their Scientific Enquiry skills os well os introduce
them to the thrill of scientific discovery.

'check your progress'questions of the end of eoch unit con be used to
ossess leorners'

u

nderstond ing.

We strongly odvise you to use the Teocher's Resource for Stoge 2, ISBN
97 B-1 -1 07 -61 I 4B-.l, o lon gside th is book, Th is resou rce conto ns extensive
i

guidonce on oll the topics, ideos for clossroom ociivities, ond guidonce
notes on oll the octivities presented in this Leorner's Book.You will olso find
o lorge collection of worksheets, ond onswers to oll the questions from the
Stoge 2 products.
Also ovoiloble is the Activity Book for Stoge 2, ISBN 978-1-107-61 143-6.
This book offers o voriety of exercises to help leorners consolidote
understonding, proctise vocobulory, opply knowledge to new situotions
ond develop enquiry skills. Leorners con complete the exercises in closs
or be given them os homework,
We hope you enjoy using this series,

With best wishes,
The Combridge Primory Science teom


Going outside

l.l
1.2
-l.3
1.4
-l.5

2

Different ploces to live
Con we core for our environment?
Our weother
Extreme weother

Check your progress

B

r0
12

14

Looking of rocks

2.1 Whot ore rocks?
2.2 Uses of rocks
2.3 Soil
2.4 Other noturol moteriols
2.5 Check your progress

3

6

t6
IB
20
22
24

Chonging moteriols

3..l Moteriols chonging shope

3.2 Bending ond twisting
3,3 Fontqstic elostic
3.4 Heoting ond cooling
3,5 Why is the seo solty?
3.6 Check your progress

26
28

30
32

34
36


:.=-:rl:'*!:g!;.9.r1s=,

4

5

6

Light ond dork

4,1 Light sources
4.2 Dorkness
4.3 Moking shodows
4,4 Shodow shopes

4,5 Check your progress

3B

40
42
44
46

Electricity

5.-l Electricity oround us
5.2 Stoying sofe
5,3 Moking o circuit
5,4 Using motors ond buzzers
5.5 Switches
5,6 Check your progress
The Eorth ond the Sun
6,1 Doy ond night
6,2 Does the Sun move?
6,3 Chonging shodows
6,4 Check your progress

4B

50
52

54
56

5B

60
62

64
66

Reference
Glossory ond index

6B

Acknowledgements

7B

72

:

i

t "' *t *q.1.*.a.4.""
\;l )1 ll*1 113

ffi


,1;

Whot do onlmols ond plonts need

to

,:;':,' ., . ... ... .. ;1

-..;.

..:1,,

..,,,. ,

.,,,,. ...,,, ,.,.., ,.,,.,,

different meosure

[Lve?

:;,,.:t

.,a,..,,:

:.

:,,,:4

""$k

,,@iti".&

I l;,

i\Il

l,il

,

'

.y-r*!ql!

i,

t,

zv, ,rff!,}t,,,

xwffi ttr\il

/rfb
[r..

W

'

\rl '

Looh ot the plctures. Whtch anlmols ond ptonts [Lve ln each
1
see !'
envlronment? Whot dllferences con uou
J


Compore two different ploces
Go outside. Looh Jor two ptoces thot
are ,;1,*;'gl:,v,:',1'',,, , [i.he o wet place ond a

dry place.
the two places. Mahe sure
theg ore the some slze.
Yt&x*xt,t,'{,i:;

Whot con gou frnd? Con Uou f,nd
onu

rT

xxrzt* *rx:xt:x?

the onlmals ond plonts Uou
ftnd [n eoch place. Compore them.
W*:r,q:r'**

Whot hove

Uou Jound out?

What anlmals ond plonts l"i,ve Ln*th.esp envlronments?

'*t *,t.\$2,$
)ta
:frttp
t _t'{r""
?)t
U.,
,r'n ,,t'rr.,19.*- .
l|\l'l|'1,'w'n|.'*

' \t rr ,tt,
) t1,,..:
/.-rrr,
x

.. .rtt4..
1'

X ,.$ry.
t*rlt
.- ,*tt:*
I 'Y
."1 ' il \1 )1f

rrr{r,
tt .

i**}ta

Envlronments can be dfJerent or slmllor.

DfJerent plonts and onlmats [i,ve in dilJerent envlronments.


Thts beoch [s covered wlth

i,s

flowlng lnto

the sea.

liiter

sewoge

protect
lttltrrawyy.ii-'.

.i

;J,ljJ,tr
,-.-,.,*4.

--ztl
\.H:

{r

-r&
Oo

%
-<{

+-

@
\z\_
Do Uou thi.nh litter and sewage con
horm the wildl.fe neor the beoch?

Whot can we do to help
the wltdl.tJe?

$,

1..

@

-

" r:

i.._.


Our environment

Go outslde qnd looh oround. Con Uou
see ploces where peop[e do not looh oJter

Wrlte, drow or
photogroph whot
uou see.

How could people
look oJter the
envlronment better?

What could Uou do to

hel.p? Tq[h

obout Uour ldeos.

Envi,ronmentoI

grouPs qre groups
oJ people who hel.p

to looh oJter the
envi,ronment.

.lrit

,,l

:

?.1

\lt.'./l
,lt ,r.t{}r;t 't {',.

ilr'

IOU

COn

.

,,1:i
l

,ll:,1"*,'|l :*

ttl-,

,ltlll

;;l|',.,:

,1.

'. .tr.tt |:1lat .t :.,t-r ,,al..t), t\,;,.t,

looh aJter your envlronment

i'n

d{ferent wogs.
l'l.i:,,.':;


Each doU

thg

',,::,'.,;:, ' 1 :',:11 ,,,

'.'t':

:

and omount oJ Sun ond ,. con
change. This i.s our ,:. : , ", ,'
The weother mohes us thlnh about
whot we do ond whot we weor.

. .. . : ,

roin
sqme

cloudy
cold

ot the plctures.

why ore the chl[dren wearlng these ctothes?

Br

,t"i&.

g

:.,..:...

temperoture

ffiMffi

Loo h

,.,,a,, :..

sunny
worm
f rosty
hoil


Todoy's weother
Tol.h about the weother todoy.

Is [t the

lr:r,

as yesterdoy?

Is i,t nqAye.y?.*.], ol' i.
Is i,t ,,w{x,r'ry'L or

:;.;":', t,:r

t',}ll*i?

*;,:x*r,::,,,,?

Is there onu roln,

Is

i,t

*r:,,{:r\r,1t

$:'x't*x:t*;g,?

rn.^r"g-.aJil

or t'l.*,*3?

1t&\ #,

t\ c{\ -r,-,
*lu%HT

How wlndy [s [t?
Mohe o poster to show what the
weather is [i,he.

The weother

i,s

not olwaqs

the same.
Looh ot the plcture. You con see
o rolnbow when i't ralns and the

Sun [s shlnlng at the some t[me.

ri, 1"1

i

'WX{,{t,X',W.W W
i,,,*'

'1

*&W,.

l.;1'..

1.'|1:,,\,1',ry'r,,W {i?*Y"*'b,lf,,.',

You can looh ot the weather and draw or write down
what you see.
|

1,,1,

:; ;i

r,';,;::

;"::

:

t': r; Ii'.1 :,,:


.,t

,l:

l

l'

Hove Uou ever seen the 'i.1:ti':r','r',i:it'll't,i:

weother Ln these plctures?

How would Uou heep saJe i,n thls
weother?

.|:'

,,i

.

r,4, ;r. i;. . rrr. rirr r.,

Eorth

extreme
forecqsters storm
reseqrch
,'-".-,,t1

W g At he f

'.'i::'

t;,:

tt',::.1 il:,:,:t,:ii'':t:.,,:,t,:

tl',:,:,

Af e

sclentlsts who te[[ us what
the weother wt[[ be [Lhe.
Satettites [n spoce looh

down at the

l,:i:::,:::r.r't::,il''t,

ond

cotlect [nJormatlon. Theg
hel.p us Jorecast whot

weother wi[[ hoppen.

li


Looh ot the
plcture. There

i,s

o verg bqd storm
under these
ctouds.

The *l;.*r nl ts

movlng neorer

the [ond.

What wi,[[ hoppen to the weother on the [and?

Keeping sofe in extreme weother
Looh ot boohs or the lnternet.

Do some t:,{riti,tr,':'x.'i,::;tt":u qbout one tUpe oJ extreme weother. You
could choose weother lihe heovy snow, hurrlcones or tornodos.
Mahe a poster to show whot to weor ond how to heep saJe
this weother.

"t,,;,i:':if ,'{r*,?,1,,:,,1i,,.,tr',*,r;,',*.,:

"*

Ther e ore dfJerent types oJ extreme weother.

i,n


dry ploce

eogle

wet ploce

W w@W@

Whtch anlmols rnight
Whtch anlmols mlght

ill

goot

duck

Live

lion

dry p[ace?
the wet place?

In the

[Lve In

Some learners comp ared the number oJ plonts ond
mlnlbeosts Jound in two dfJerent ploces i.n thei.r school.
Thts Ls whot they Jound.
Ploce

Number of
minibeosls found

Numbet of plonts

found

A

t5

25

B

5

3

l',,',,r1

Whtch ploce Ls best Jor mlnlbeosts o"nd ptonts to Li.ve i'n?
WhU do Uou thlnh thls ptoce i.s better Jor mlnlbeosts
and plonts to [i.ve i,n?


Whot could we do to solve the probtems

i,n

these environments?

*,fu.

. .. ..

i;

Some leorners meosured the omount oJ roln each dog and
drew this bloch groph.
Rorn oll

A lo*

A

of

doy

ra\n

lrttle roin
l/o

ra'iyr
14onday

Tuesdoy

Wedvresday

Thvrsday

On how manu dogs dtd it roin?

On whlch doy wo.s there most raln?
On whlch doy wos there no roi,n?
How much roln mtght there be on Soturdoy?

Fv\day


...*-Al
s
,1
s

,
fl

\

qta-

'l/GEF

f f
-r' #i] G$t
{
g *r' ^fgi
r'te,e- *Fq;"6 'e's

E*d.i

!r

i
o=#

'{ If,*,e"[
I I I Y

d tr a h
-*#;*J"i

J'-*j

I

.l.td

f ;"r
i '

"**=i;

trd*
I
A'fl"* ! \
**'***d.=r+d-i*.*d

1.*=

The surJoce oJ the Eorth Ls mode oJ
:,"t.r(;','i:;r,. You con eoslly see some rochs

limestone

obove the ground, os Ln the plctures.
Others are deep under the ground or

collect

under woter.
Th[s roch [s mode oJ
.,, ,',, ,t

:,

a.t

..

, : .,.. :: .:',

t)

1 ,,;'

Thts seo orch
rochs.

These rochs are mode .J

i.s

mode Jrom

T hg

S

g

:.

::,..

;:"

:t:.tl.:''::,,',1','..11):' :t'1,

i,n Butgor[o.

tl:: r O C hS Or g


There ore mony d{ferent types oJ
roch. They have d{ferent colours.
They con be hord or soJt. They
con be smo[[ or large.

A r.', i,1,, , , [S O ptOCe where rOChS
ore dug Jrom the ground. The rochs
are tohen Jrom the quorrg Jor us to
use. Worhers use mochlnes

to dig

ond move the rochs.

ComporinE rocks

: SOff[e dfJerent roch samples.
Looh coreJu[[U ot eoch oJ them.
, ,, , ,,;:rr,'r.

Con Uou see ony dtlJerences?

Draw what Uou see.

Rochs cover the Earth's surJace.

Some rochs are Jound under the ground.
There are dtJJerent tgpes oJ rochs.
2

g,
A


Dljjerent rochs ore used Jor dfJerent
jobs. We use rochs to butl.d roods,

,r;t ,rt:t rt ,,

, ,t

quortz
mqrble

wo[[s, houses ond to moke other thlngs.
fi$i*,*-ylrrimd i's veru

hord. It i.s used
tn jewellerg ond
also [n cuttlng
mochlnes.

Gronlte
{,& tx.rx.r,"t;'x:,

ro c hs are

Ls

very strong. It

is oJten used

i,n

bulldlngs.

Jound o[[ over the
Eorth. Clochs ond

rodlos use guartz.

hard
ond smooth. It
3$l,ra*;* i.s

[s used Jor floor
ond rooJ ti.tes.

Il;'f)!,,at,it4'/;ilW
.,r#n**&
lLt':t t tr

.d

l&t{,

l,;MwM

Y,4,xr"*,'l.,x

ts a hord, strong

ond smooth roch. It is
used [n mong types oJ
decorotlon ond buildtng.
I

O

I

z
I


a hand lens

Looh qround Uour schoolJor rochs thot
hove been used to mohe poths, wo[[s,

floors qnd rooCs.

Looh ot the rochs coreJultg.

Con you see potterns? What colour ore the rochs?
WhU wos that rock used?

Wrlte down or drqw whot
Uou fr'nd out.

., Dijjerent rochs are used for dfJerent thlngs.


Roeks con be

found In
I

:;,'r1.

i,,

., : ' r""

I soil

sqnd
stone

r, r:
,

sondy
cloy

4f;frr'.

We use

soLL

to grow

our Jood. Wtthout soll
we would hove no Jood.

Looh o.t some

You wi'[[ s€e

soi"l'.

:

llvlng thlngs
thlnEs thot hnve dted

smoll pleces of rock.
Sott needs a[[ these

thlngs.
:t.

fia

fie
tr

#


e rochs under the soll weor down
slowlg. They breoh lnto smaller pleces.
The smaller pieces end up i.n the sol[.
Larg

These smotl rochs con mahe the soi'[
( l"th

e

|,::; ;7.,,L:;.;,,;;.;;1)

Someti.mes

Find ing

or more
q rock

[Lhg,r,

Ln

:.,,::',,.,1:,,:

,ii]i,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,i

.

soi,[ ls colled o

the rock in soll

Looh ot eoch soi,[ somp[e. Do they
[ooh the some?

Put a [i,tt[e oJ eoch soi'[ lnto
lts own bowt oJ woter.

Shahe the bowl slowly
so that the woter moves

oround the bow[.
Looh ot the pleces oJ roch
ond other moterlol.

Drow whot Uou see

Ln

the

soi,[.

SoU how the solts ore dtlJerent.

,r{.i ,,,, a,,r.a,

'l.ll"liyl l:

"

lr:il1;:11;

il71:

;.ltt,ll :::,,,,,

j)' Sol[ has rochs in it.

-\--c\{

A/

&*

@

Rochs ore

moterlol"s. They

come Jrom the ground.

Noturol materlats come Jrom nature.

nolurol

There ore mong other no.turol materlats,
[i.he rubber. Rubber comes Jrom a tree.

Sry r'Y

-ffi

\-\

--f*-\-

:.:a:j.a::,at:::aa:, .1't:.a!...:'. :..:.,t ::.1 :

ffi;:!:;iiiii;itz,:;*,

ifttfii;#

Whot noturat moterlots can uou
see [n the plcture?
J
r@ \fr-:lB
iil

,

o

q"aESS&A[,"il"


Here ore some

other natural
mqteri.o[s.
cotton

wood

Ail

These moter[a[s

EI
E]
plostic

slote

are:,
pqper

gloss

They ore mode
by people.

Finding moteriols
Wol"h oround Uour school. Looh Jor

dllferent moterlols.
Ta[h obout the moterlols gou ftnd.

Are they naturol or ore they
mon-mode?

Where dld eoch materlal come Jrom?

Drow the moterlol ond where [t
come Jrom.

',1.

-r:,:y;.:1. 1t:::..11,l:,r',1i.,t1.,..,;l tl

'

.:

:.:tt

'':l:,,

.

;/i:tt

,1;',

:tr :ar,t

.:t:',rtt

.

..,11'

Some moterlols are neturol ond some mo.tertots ore mon-mode.
2':..1..,

::

I,;.,

:'.'.,

; i ll'': i.)

l:":

::.:..:.


i

Con Uou nome the rochs A, B, C and D?
6rad*e: very hard, w*h
preces of nony co\ouvs

smo\\

I\qrble: hqrd, srnooth, whrte,
but cqn hqve other co\ours
hnestone: grey, cqn be scrotched
w\th stee\, cqvr contcirn fossr\s
Sqndstone: red, brown or oYqn$e,
con be scrqtched

of

,,...r

Whtch one oJ these

i,s

w*h

stee\,

sand cqn be scrqtched olof

not mode oJ roch?

o mountaln
the surJo,ce ol the Earth
a rlver
the seo floor