Discourse Analysis

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
TEXT SUMMURY
----- -  - ----
In its 1200 year history, Hamburg has witnessed the ups and
downs of European civilization, the Process of Hamburg’s
development from a small fishing village into a fortress citadel.
Nowadays, Hamburg is not only famous for its historic sites but
also its beautiful landscapes. First – time visitors to Hamburg must
be surpurised at the nature and people here. They have chance to
enjoy the historic monuments, listen to melodious sounds of
classical music, tuck into a snack of delicious grilled lamb, sipon a
traditional beer. Moreover, they are highly welcomed by the
hospitable hippies.
With its architecture, nature, music and people, Hamburg
makes an unforgettable imperession to tourists who have ever
been there. Additionally, Hamburg is a good choice for those who
love to travel and want to discover culture of different nations.
This text is an article which aims to the public all over the
world. Thus, it uses standard English, understandable
vocabularies. Additionally, the writer applies flexibly various
structural sentences.
For example:
Ngoc Anh - Quynh Chau – N.T.Van – Hong Thuy – Hai Yen86
1
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
+ long sentences: “From the decadence of the Romance …
Hamburg has seen it all.”.
+imperative sentences: “So join in.”; “Dance.”
+ elliptical sentences: “Lying on the banks of the Elbe River …
commercial centres”; “Whilst enjoying the sounds of Bach … a
traditional beer.”

+ etc…
In this text, a variety of vocabularies are used. Especially,
the author utilizes synonyms in order to prevent the readers from
boredom. With a host of polished figurative words, visitors seem
to be at Hamburg.
Through this article, the writer also wants to transmit the
communicative messages:
- Help the public have an overview of Hamburg city.
- Praise both ancient and modern beauty of nature,
artchitecture, inhabitants, music…
- Attract tourists all over the world coming here and
enjoying it.
Hopefully, after reading this article, the readers will have
essential information about Hamburg city - a well-known tourism
site, and make a decision to go to Hamburg in this summer holiday
with their family.
Ngoc Anh - Quynh Chau – N.T.Van – Hong Thuy – Hai Yen86
2
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
ELEMENTS MAKING THE TEXT MEANINGFUL
----------      -------------
* Anylizing the image in the article
By a glimpse of the pictures, the readers can easily
recognize the most outstanding features of Hamburg, its beautiful
rivers, symphany orchestra, classical architecture and music.
When looking at the pitures, visitors can imagine how to enjoy the
melodious and romantic sounds of music on the streets. It can be
said that Hamburg is an ideal tourism destination.
* GRAMMATICAL DEVICE:
1. Reference :

(5) – (6) : Hamburg – it
(9) – (10) : town hall – it
(27) – (28) : hippies - they
(27) – (28) : hippies – their ( Personal Reference).
(27) – (29) : The St. Pauli Festival – here (Demonstrative
reference).
Ngoc Anh - Quynh Chau – N.T.Van – Hong Thuy – Hai Yen86
3
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
2. Substitution :
(1) – (2) : Hamburg – the city (Nominal substitution).
(21) – (22) : each weekend – on these day (Nominal
substitution).
(25) – (27) : Hamburg – here (Adverbial substitution).
(27) – (29) : St. Pauli Festival – here (Adverbial
substitution).
3. Ellipsis :
(5) – (6) : Hamburg is omitted (Nominal ellipsis).
(22) – (23) : Passers-by is omitted (Nominal ellipsis).
4. Conjunction :
(17) – (8): Not surprisingly (Clausal conjunction).
(811) – (12) : But (Adversative conjunction).
(16) – (17) : Sometimes (Temporol conjunction).
(17) – (18) : Once (Temporol conjunction).
(22) – (23) : Whilst (Temporal conjunction).
Ngoc Anh - Quynh Chau – N.T.Van – Hong Thuy – Hai Yen86
4
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
(27) – (29) : Here ( Locative conjunction)
(29) – (30) : So (Causal conjunction)

* LEXICAL DEVICE:
1. Synonymy :
(1), (3) : Hamburg, a fishing village, a fortress
citadel, a centre of Christian.
(3), (5) : bastion, fortress.
(21, 22, 23, 24): pedestrians, public, passers-by, visitors.
(28), (32) : the ordinary, folk.
2. Repetition :
(1), (2), (3), (8), (9), (11), (13), (15), (20), (25), (32): Hamburg.
(2), (4), (10), (12): the city
(9), (21), (22) : the town hall
(3), (11) : fishing village
(14), (25),(32) : offers
(19), (32) : welcome
Ngoc Anh - Quynh Chau – N.T.Van – Hong Thuy – Hai Yen86
5