Đáp án test 4 cam 10

Đáp án TEST 4 - CAMBRIDGE 10
PASSAGE 1
Câu và đáp án

Câu liên kết

1. spread
2. 10 times
3. below

Từ khóa trong câu hỏi
wildfires
compared to the past
occurrence: more frequent
temperature: hotter
speed: faster
spread more unpredictably
size of fires
two decades ago
rainfall
below average
more brush

4. brush
Câu liên kết
5. seasons
6. homes
7. T

8. F

9. T

as fuel
increase in yearly temperature
extended
more building
vulnerable places
the amount of open space has
diminished
over the last ten years
many experts
readying itself to fight fires
believe California has made
little progress
personnel
in the past
have been criticised
mishandling fire containment

Từ khóa trong passage
wildfires
than in the past
wildfires are becoming an
increasing menace
are generally hotter
faster
spread more erratically
the size of the average forest fire
20 years ago
precipitation

below normal
the consequence has been to halt
the natural eradication of
underbrush
now the primary fuel for megafires
a 1-degree Fahrenheit rise in
average yearly temperature
longer
increased construction
wooded areas
what once was open space is now
residential homes
for at least a decade
many experts
preparedness
give California high marks for
making progress
personnel
in the past
stung in the past by criticism
bungling that allowed fires to
spread when they might have been
contained


10. T

California
has replaced a range of
firefighting tools

to improve fire-fighting capacity

11. NG

12. F

more firefighters have been
hired
citizens and government groups
the efforts of different states
and agencies working together
disapprove of..

13. F

Randy Jacobs
loss of life
despite changes made
will continue at the same levels

State
promises to provide more up-todate engines, planes, and
helicopters to fight fires have been
fulfilled
the state has invested in better
command-and-control facilities
not given
both government officials and
residents
the speed, dedication, and

coordination of firefighters from
several states and jurisdictions
there is a sense among both... that
... are resulting in greater
efficiency
Randy Jacobs
loss of life
the improvements we have
witnessed
we will no longer suffer

PASSSAGE 2
14.
transformation/
change
15. young age

psychologists
have traditionally believed that
personality
transformation was impossible
a person's character
tends to be fixed
by a young age
this is not true according to
positive psychologists

Câu liên kết

16. optimism

our personal qualities can be
seen as habitual behaviour
easiest qualities to acquire

psychologists
have long held that
a person's character
cannot undergo a transformation
the key traits of personality
are determined
at a very young age
researchers have begun looking
more closely at ways we can
change
these qualities amount to habitual
behaviour
less challenging to develop than
others


17. skills/
techniques
18. negative
emotions/
feelings

19. E

20. C

21. G
22. A

23. E

24. C

25. G

26. H

it is necessary to... in order for a
new quality to develop
learn a wide variety of different
skills
in order to increase happiness

developing qualities requires...
mastering a range of skills
to bring more joy and passion into
life
must be open to experiencing
negative emotions
as a newcomer
have to
tolerate and laugh at your own
ignorance
the key to...; recommends...
good fortune
writing down

acquire courage
obligation
to be more outgoing
in the lecture hall

must understand and feel some
negative emotions
when first trying something new
must
accept that they do not know
much
it is important
when good things happen
actively notice
courage can be learned
a sense of responsibility
overcome shyness
when faced with the need to
speak in public
achieve physical goals
set nine world records and can hold
her breath for six minutes
rational thinking enabled
learned to untangle her fears
someone to...
a sad experience
he had an accident that put an end
to his sports career
overcame
took action despite his own pain

decided to rethink their
his research wasn't compatible
academic career path
with his curiosity; ... learned about
alternative healing techniques; ...
he switched labs
risked his career
his own job security would be
threatened
a sense of duty
speaking out against something
ethically wrong


PASSAGE 3:

27. C

28. D

29. C

30. B

31. A

32. F

33. G

the theory developed by Louis
Dollo
biologists in the early twentieth
century
modified
humpback whale
caught off Vancouver Island
its unusual features
the reason
'silent genes'
re-emergence
certain characteristics
the mole salamander
suggests that Raff's theory is
correct
members of the Bachia lizard
family
have lost and regained certain
features
several times
the possibility of evolution
reversible
for a long time
rejected
opposing views

Louis Dollo; he proposed that...
early 20th-century biologists
came to a similar conclusion,
though they qualified it in terms of

probability
humpback whale
caught off Vancouver Island
with a pair of leg-like appendages
over a metre long, complete with a
full set of limb bones
I can see no other explanation
silent genes
reappear
traits
mole salamanders
fits with Raff's 10-million-year time
frame
the Bachia family tree
digit loss and gain
more than one occasion
'evolutionary throwback'
for the better part of a century
have been reluctant to use those
words
Louis Dollo was coming to the
opposite conclusion


examples
revolutionary throwbacks
34. A
long-lost traits

35. B

36. D

reappear
the shark and killer whale
exemplify
the occurrence of
a particular feature in different
species
one explanation is...
certain genetic information
the continued existence

37. NG

38. Y

39. N

40. Y

Wagner
South American lizards
do research on
was the first person
Wagner believes that
Bachia lizards with toes
had toeless ancestors
embryos
the temporary occurrence of

long-lost traits
is rare
development problems
evolutionary throwbacks might
be caused

so many other examples have been
discovered
it no longer makes sense to say
that evolution is as good as
irreversible
characteristics that disappeared
millions of years ago
reappear
sharks and killer whales
such as
arise
similar structures in unrelated
species
another more intriguing possibility
is...
the genetic information needed to
make...
somehow survived for tens or
perhaps hundreds of millions of
years
biologist Gunter Wagner
South American lizards
reported some work on
not given

According to his analysis
the toed species
re-evolved toes from toeless
ancestors
embryos
long-lost traits be reactivated.. /
develop ancestral features
many species
if for any reason this does not
happen
leading to an atavism (ở đầu đoạn
2 bài này có câu: "the technical
term for an evolutionary throwback
is an 'atavism')