ĐÁP án TIẾNG ANH PHẦN đọc HIỂU THI CÔNG CHỨC TỈNH QUẢNG NGÃI 2017

ĐÁP ÁN TIẾNG ANH PHẦN ĐỌC HIỂU THI CÔNG CHỨC TỈNH
QUẢNG NGÃI 2017
READING COMPREHENSION (20)
C1.c Researchers from the University of Arizona studied colonies of rock ants
across the western US, both by following them in the wild and by taking whole
colonies back to the lab.They found that certain risky behaviours, like foraging
widely for food and responding aggressively to a threat, went together,
and colonies further north tended to take more of these risks. The study suggests
those more adventurous personalities could be an adaptation to the
limited window of activity left by the long, snowy northern winter.
1. Where did the ants studied by the Arizona scientists live?
A. In colonies across the eastern US
B. In colonies across the western US
C. In colonies across the southern US
D. In colonies across the northern US
2. What do ants which look for food further from their nests tend to do if
they face danger?
A. They respond aggressively to it.
B. They leave the dangerous place
C. They call for herds to come
D. They don’t react
3. The characteristics of ants?
A. Ants are a social species, living in a large corporation


B. Ant is an individual living species
C. Ants react wildly to threats
D. A&C are correct
4. Which word means ‘change their behaviour to fit a particular situation’?
A. Adapt
B. Suitability

C. Coalescence
D. Collectivity
5. According to the passage, what does the author mean?
A. Food of ants
B. Habitat of ants
C. Behavior of ants
D. All correct

C2.Scotland has voted to stay in the United Kingdom. Around 85% of voters
turned out to vote in the referendum. A total of 2,001,926 people voted 'No' to
independence, whilst 1,617,989 voted 'Yes'. It's been history in the making. The
people of Scotland have decided to continue their 300-year union with England.
So the UK survives. Pro-independence campaigners say they're disappointed,
but insist the high turnout shows there's an appetite for change. Few would
disagree, and accept the result doesn't mean Britain goes back to business as
usual. In the hours and days ahead, the Prime Minister David Cameron and the
other party leaders will now have to deliver on their promise in the last days of


the campaign to give Scotland more powers. And no-one believes that can be
done without a wider shake-up of how the rest of the UK is governed.
1. Scotland stay in the United Kingdom after ______
A. rejection independence
B. reject in independence
C. rejecting independence
D. reject thing independence
2. Several polls in the weeks before the vote ______
A. showed a smaller lead
B. showed a small lead
C. showed a smallish lead

D. showed a smallest lead
3. However, on the day, there was ______
A. a cleared victory
B. a clearer victory
C. a clears victory
D. a clear victory
4. The referendum was the culmination of two years of ______
A. in tense campaigning
B. in tents campaigning
C. intensive campaigning
D. intense campaigning


5. The result was "a deep personal and ______
A. political disappointing
B. political disappoint meant
C. political disappointment
D. political disappointment

C3. Walking or cycling to work instead of driving a car can improve people's
feelings of health and happiness. That's what a study at the University of East
Anglia in the UK suggests. For many people commuting is a necessary evil.
Most see going by car or van as the 'least worst' option. This study by the
researchers

at

the

University

of

East

Anglia

challenges

that

assumption. It suggests walking, cycling or travelling by public transport can
lift the mood. Crucially, it suggests those who switch from the car to an active
commute feel better
including

across

a

range

of

psychological

measures,

concentration, decision making and the ability to face up to

problems. The researchers say
policies encouraging people to leave their cars at home could have a dramatic
impact on public wellbeing.
1. The benefits of walking or cycling?
A. Improve people's feelings of health
B. Improve people's feelings happiness
C. Improve people's feelings of health and happiness
D. Improve people's feelings of health and tiredness
2. The “least worst” of commuting for many people?


A. Walking or cycling
B. Car or van
C. Walking or car
D. Clycling or van
3. Which vehicle can lift the mood?
A. Walking
B. Cycling
C. Travelling by public transport
D. All correct
4. Why people feel better across a range of psychological measures?
A. Because they switch from the car to an active commute
B. Because they switch from the walking to an active commute
C. Because they switch from the walking or cyling to the car
D. Because they switch from the car to the walking or cyling
5. The effect of leaving cars at home?
A. dramatic impact on health
B. dramatic impact on environment
C. dramatic impact on public wellbeing
D. dramatic impact on economy

C4. The Earth's protective ozone layer is starting to repair itself, according to a
panel of United Nations scientists. The main reason behind its recovery, they


say, is the fact that certain chemicals, such as those used in aerosol cans, were
gradually banned in the 1980s. It was in the 1980s that many of us became
aware that small individual actions could harm the planet itself.Hairsprays were
cited as one of the causes of the hole in the Antarctic ozone layer. People were
told to wear sunscreen to avoid skin cancer as the layer thinned and more UV
light got through.By 1987 world governments had agreed to ban most of the
ozone-eating chemicals.The World Meteorological Organisation say at last the
ozone layer is showing signs of thickening, although it will be a while before
they know if the hole is actually healing.The same organisation warned earlier
this week that climate change was heading in the opposite direction
with greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at a record level.
1. What's going on with ozone?
A. finishing to repair itself
B. starting to repair itself
C. starting to repair atmosphere
D. Being contaminated
2. The main reason behind its recovery?
A. It’s certain chemicals
B. It’s used in aerosol cans
C. A&B are correct
D. A&B are wrong
3. What were cited as one of the causes of the hole in the Antarctic ozone layer?
A. Trash
B. Hairsprays

C. Vehicle
D. Factory
4. How the government protects the ozone layer in 1987?
A. They ban most of the ozone-eating chemicals
B. They put forth the policy of environmental protection
C. Ban on chemical production
D. Family planning
5. What the organisation warned earlier this week?
A. The atmosphere was deteriorating
B. The ozone layer was thinner
C. Higher solar radiation
D. climate

change

was

heading

in

the

opposite

direction

with

greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at a record level

C5. You can live without air conditioning and indoor plumbing, but there are
some true necessities of life. You can't survive for long without food, water,
sleep, or air. Survival experts apply the ‘rule of threes’ to lasting
without essentials. You can go about three weeks without food, three days
without water, three hours without shelter, and three minutes without air.
However, the ‘rules’ are more like general guidelines. Obviously, you can last a
lot longer outside when it's warm than when it's freezing. Similarly, you can last
longer without water when it's humid and cool than when it's hot and dry.The
technical name for starvation is inanition. It is extreme malnutrition and calorie
deficiency. A


starving person is less sensitive to thirst, so sometimes death is from the effects
of dehydration. Vitamin deficiency may also lead to death. If a person lasts long
enough, the body starts using protein from muscles, including the heart, as an
energy source. Usually, the cause of death is cardiac arrest from tissue damage
and electrolyte imbalance.
1. What is the necessities of life?
A. Air conditioning and indoor plumbing
B. Food, water, sleep, or air
C. Family and community
D. All are correct
2. The rule that survival experts apply?
A. Nutritious food
B. Fresh air
C. Rule of threes for food, water, shelter and air
D. Environmental
3. What is the technical name for starvation?
A. Inanition
B. Catastrophe

C. Eradication
D. Casualties
4. Which factor is more important to life?
A. Sleep
B. Food


C. Enviroment
D. Water
5. What is the cause of death?
A. Cardiac arrest
B. Tissue damage
C. Electrolyte imbalance
D. All are correct
C6. Water is an essential molecule for life. Depending on your age, gender, and
weight, you consist of around 50-65% water, which is used to digest food, carry
oxygen and nutrients through the bloodstream, remove wastes, and
cushion organs. Since water is so critical, it should come as no surprise that
dying from dehydration is an unpleasant way to go. Oh, in the end, a victim is
unconscious,
so the actual dying part isn't so bad, but that only occurs after days of pain and
misery.Lack of water causes cracked skin and a dry, raspy cough. Coughing
won't be the worst, though. While you might be out of fluids, that won't prevent
vomiting. The increased acidity of the stomach can produce dry heaves. Blood
thickens, increasing heart rate. Another unpleasant result of dehydration is a
swollen tongue. While your tongue swells, your eyes and brain shrink. As the
brain shrinks, the membrane or meninges pulls away from the bones of the
skull, potentially tearing. Death can result from liver failure, kidney failure, or
cardiac arrest.
1. What is an essential molecule for life?

A. Air
B. Water


C. Food
D. Shelter
2. Why is water so important?
A. digest
food
B. carry oxygen and nutrients
C. remove wastes and cushion organs
D. All are correct
3. The consequence of lack of water in the body?
A. cracked skin and a dry, raspy cough
B. Causing unconsciousness
C. Illness
D. Deadly
4. What happens when tongue swells?
A. Eyes and brain shrink
B. Eyes and brain swelling
C. Eyes and brain cracking
D. Eyes and brain dry
5. Death is the result of?
A. Liver failure
B. Kidney failure
C. Cardiac arrest


D. All are correct
C7.Any new parent can verify it's possible to go days without sleeping. Yet, it's

an essential process. While scientists are still unraveling the mysteries of sleep,
it's known to play roles in memory formation, tissue repair, and
hormone synthesis. Lack of sleep (called agrypnia) leads to decreased
concentration and reaction time,
motivation,

and

diminished mental

altered perception.How

long

processes, reduced

can

you

go

without

sleep? Anecdotal reports indicate soldiers in battle have been known to stay
awake for four days and that manic patients have lasted three to four days.
Experiments have documented normal people staying awake for eight to ten
days, without any apparent permanent damage after a night or two of normal
sleep to recover.The world record holder was Randy Gardner, a 17-year-old
high school student, who stayed awake for 264 hours, around 11 days, for a

science fair project in 1965. While he was technically
conclusion

of

the

project,

he

was

awake

at

the

completely dysfunctional by the

end.However, there are rare disorders, such as Morvan's syndrome, which can
cause a person to go without sleep for several months! The question of how
long people can stay awake ultimately remains unanswered.
1. What is the role of sleep?
A. Memory formation, tissue repair, and hormone synthesis
B. Memory formation, tissue repair, and metabolically
C. Memory formation, improve immune system, and hormone synthesis
D. Increased longevity, tissue repair, and hormone synthesis
2. The impact of lack of sleep?

A. Decreased concentration and reaction time
B. Diminished mental processes


C. Reduced motivation, and altered perception
D. All are correct
3. How many days ordinary people may not sleep?
A. 4 – 6 days
B. 6- 8 days
C. 8 – 10 days
D. 10 – 12 days
4. What syndrome that person do not sleep for months?
A. Morvan's syndrome
B. Lack of sleep syndrome
C. Insomnia syndrome
D. Incubus syndrome
5. According to research, how long can a person sleep?
A. 10 – 12 days
B. 8 – 10 days
C. 6- 8 days
D. There is no answer

C8.How long a person can go without air is really a question of how long he can
go

without

oxygen.

It's

further

complicated

if

other

gases

are

present. For example, breathing the same air over and over is more likely to be
lethal because of the excess carbon dioxide rather than the depleted
oxygen. Death from removing all oxygen,like a vacuum, may occur from the


results of the pressure change or possibly temperature change.When the brain is
deprived of oxygen, death occurs because there is insufficient chemical energy
to feed brain cells. How long this takes depends on temperature, metabolic rate,
slower is better, and other factors.If oxygen deprivation occurs some other way,
perhaps from drowning,

for

example,

a

person

loses

consciousness

between 30 and 180 seconds. At the 60 second mark brain cells start to die.
After three minutes, lasting
occurs between

five

damage

is

likely. Brain

death

typically

and ten minutes, possibly fifteen minutes.However,

people can train themselves to make more efficient use of oxygen. The world
record holder for free diving held his breath for 22 minutes and 22 seconds
without suffering brain damage!
1. What is the content of the article?
A. Breath
B. Food

C. Enviroment
D. Air
2. Why breathing the same air over and over is more likely to be lethal?
A. Because of the excess carbon dioxide rather than the depleted oxygen
B. Because it lacks some important air
C. Because there’s not enough chemical energy
D. Because it slows down metabolism
3. What happens when the brain has not oxygen?
A. Death occurs because of swelling of the brain


B. Death occurs because there is insufficient chemical energy to feed brain
cells
C. Death occurs because the brain cells die
D. Death occurs because the brain is not metabolized
4. When the brain starts dying when drowning?
A. At the 60 second mark brain cells start to die
B. After three minutes, lasting damage is likely
C. A & B are correct
D. A & B are wrong
5. How long the man who holds the world record for free diving?
A. 20 minutes and 22 seconds
B. 21 minutes and 22 seconds
C. 22 minutes and 22 seconds
D. 21 minutes and 21 seconds
C9. Studies suggest that teenagers often sacrifice their sleep time when it comes
to making choices about time management. The problem is, studies also show
that they need a lot more sleep than they probably get. More and more studies
are showing that there is a direct link between sleep and academic
success.According to a study by sleep expert Mary Carskadon, PhD,

teens should receive more than nine hours of sleep every night.Dr. Carskadon's
study suggests biology might be the cause for sleep deprivation among teens.
Their


internal time clocks are just a little different during teenage years--and
late nights and sleep-ins are a natural part of growing into adulthood.Lack of
sleep
makes it more difficult for students to concentrate in school, especially during
those early-morning classes.A more recent study shows that sacrificing sleep to
study actually does more harm than good. The sleep that you miss when you
stay up late to study will cause ‘academic problems’ the following day. It's just
not worth sacrificing sleep to study!
1. What is the content of the article?
A. Food
B. Air
C. Sleep
D. Enviroment
2. What related to sleep was studied?
A. Health
B. Mood
C. Job success
D. Academic success
3. How many hours should a teens sleep every night?
A. More than 9
B. More than 10
C. more than 7
D. more than 8

4. What causes teenage sleep apnea?
A. Biology
B. Game
C. Sport
D. Air
5. Losing sleep to learn is a good thing?
A. Absolutely good
B. Cause more harm than good
C. Totally harmful
D. No answer is correct

C10. What can you do if you know you aren't getting enough sleep?Turn off the
TV at night. The TV noises and flashing lights will only keep you from getting a
sound sleep. If you can remember anything you hear during your sleep, it's a
sure sign you're not sleeping well.Reduce caffeine by switching to something
healthier, like bottled water.Limit after-school activities. It's hard to do, but try
to limit your extracurricular activity. Sometimes you just have to make a
hard choice and stick to it.Don't think too hard right before bed time. Turn off
the cell phone. Keep track of time. Often, students have great intentions, but
other tasks seem to keep them up late, time after time. Play music if you want,
but not too loud. Many people play music at night. If it doesn't bother you, go
ahead. Do you really need that after-school job? This might be a really tough
decision, too. Some students need to work so they can pay for car insurance or
save up for college. You'll just have to decide on your own, what's necessary
and what's not.


1. According to the passage, what can you do if you know you aren't getting
enough sleep?
A. Take sleeping pills

B. Turn off the TV at night
C. Listen to music
D. Do not eat before going to bed
2. What should we do to avoid sleeplessness?
A. Reduce caffeine
B. Turn off the cell phone
C. Keep track of time
D. All are correct
3. What are the signs of not having good sleep?
A. Remember anything you hear during your sleep
B. Think about the day's work
C. Imagine bad things
D. Turn yourself down
4. By the text, what do you want to emphasize?
A. Insomnia
B. difficulty sleeping
C. sleep walking
D. nightmare
5. What the author recommends?


A. Reduce caffeine by switching to something healthier
B. Try to limit your extracurricular activity
C. Turn off the cell phone and keep track of time
D. All are correct

C11. Sleeping in the ocean is definitely different than sleeping on land. As we
learn more about sleep in marine life, we're learning that marine animals don't
have the same requirements for long periods of undisturbed sleep that we do.
Here

you

can

learn

more

animals sleep.Cetaceans,i.e.

about
whales,

how

different

dolphins

and

types

of

marine

porpoises

are

voluntary breathers, meaning they think about every breath they take. A whale
breathes through the blowholes on top of its head, so it needs to come up to the
water surface to breathe. But that means the whale needs to be awake to breathe.
How's a whale going to get any rest? The answer may surprise you.
Research on captive animals shows that cetaceans rest one half of their brain
at a time, while the other half stays awake and makes sure the animal
breathes.Sharks need to keep water moving over their gills so that they receive
oxygen. So that means they need to keep moving all the time... or do they?
Some sharks do need to move all the time, and these sharks seem to be ‘sleep
swimming,’ with some parts of their brain more active than others. Other sharks
can rest, using spiracles to draw in
oxygenated water.
1. What is the content of the article?
A. Sleeping in the ocean
B. Life in the ocean


C. Sea animals
D. Sleeping in the ground
2. How whale breathing?
A. Breathes through the blowholes on top of its head
B. It needs to come up to the water surface to breathe
C. A&B are correct
D. A&B aren’t correct
3. How whale breathing to rest?
A. Cetaceans rest one half of their brain at a time, while the other half stays
awake and makes sure the animal breathes
B. Cetaceans rest one half of their brain at few, while the other half stays awake

and makes sure the animal breathes
C. Cetaceans rest one half of their brain at a time, while the other half stays
sleep and makes sure the animal breathes
D. Cetaceans rest one half of their brain at a time, while the other half stays
awake and don’t breathes
4. How sharks breathing?
A. Sharks rest one half of their brain at a time
B. The other half stays awake and makes sure the animal breathes
C. Sharks need to keep water moving over their gills so that they receive
oxygen
D. All are correct
5. Compare breathing between whales and sharks?


A. Whales breathe on the water, sharks breathe underwater
B. Sharks breathe on the water, whales breathe underwater
C. Whales breathe less than sharks
D. Whales need more air than sharks
C12.

Money

doesn't

have

any

inherent

value.

Unless

you

enjoy

looking at pictures of deceased national heroes, money has no more use than
any other piece of paper until, as a country and an economy, we assign value to
it. At that point, it does have value, but the value isn't inherent; it's assigned and
generally agreed upon by users worldwide. It didn't always work this way. In
the past, money generally took the form of coins composed of precious metals
such as
gold and silver.The value of the coins was roughly based on the value of the
metals they contained, because you could always melt the coins down and use
the metal for other purposes. Until a few decades ago paper money in different
countries was based on the gold standard or silver standard or some
combination of the two. This meant that you could take some paper
money

to

the government, who would exchange it for some gold or some

silver based on an exchange rate set by the government. The gold standard
lasted until 1971 when President Nixon announced that the United States would
no longer exchange dollars for gold. This ended the Bretton Woods system,
which will be the focus of a future article. Now the United States is on a system
of fiat money, which is not tied to any other commodity. So these pieces of

paper in your pocket are just that: pieces of paper.
1. By the text, what is the author talking about?
A. Money
B. Value of money


C. Denomination of money
D. Use the money
2. What is the form of money before?
A. Money generally took the form of

coins

composed of precious

metals such as gold and silver
B. Money generally took the form of coins composed of precious metals such as
alloy
C. Money generally took the form of coins composed of precious metals such as
denominations
D. Money generally took the form of coins composed of precious metals such as
paper
3. When will the gold exchange last?
A. Until 1969
B. Until 1970
C. Until 1971
D. Until 1972
4. Currently, the value of money?
A. System of fiat money
B. Not tied to any other commodity

C. A&B are correct
D. A&B are not correct
5. Today, what is the material of money?
A. Gold


B. Silver
C. Paper
D. metal

C13.If we print more money, prices will rise such that we’re no better off than
we were before. Why will prices go up after a money supply increase?In short,
prices will go up after a drastic increase in the money supply because:If people
have more money, they’ll divert some of that money to spending. Retailers will
be forced to raise prices, or run out of the product.Retailers who run out of
product will try to replenish it. Producers face the same dilemma of retailers that
they will either have to raise prices, or face shortages because they do not have
the capacity to create an extra product and they cannot find labor at rates which
are low enough to justify the extra production.Inflation is caused by
a combination of four factors: The supply of money goes up.The supply of
goods

goes down.Demand

for money goes down.Demand for goods goes

up.This gets us to why drastically increasing the money supply on the surface
seems like a good idea. When we say we’d like more money, what we’re really
saying is we’d like more wealth. The problem is if we all have more money,
collectively we’re not going to be any more wealthy. Increasing the amount of

money does nothing to increasing
the amount of wealth or more plainly the amount of stuff in the world. Since the
same number of people are chasing the same amount of stuff, we cannot on
average be wealthier than we were before.
1. What happens when printing more money?
A. Prices will rise
B. Inflation fell


C. Wealthy people
D. The government is out of control
2. Why will prices go up after a money supply increase?
A. If people have more money, they’ll divert some of that money to
spending
B. Retailers will be forced to raise prices
C. Retailers who run out of product will try to replenish it
D. All are correct
3. If people have a lot of money, what happen?
A. They’ll divert some of that money to spending
B. They will save money
C. They will deposit into the bank
D. They will buy gold to hoard
4. What factors cause inflation?
A. The supply of money goes down.The supply of goods goes up.
Demand for money goes down. Demand for goods goes up
B. The supply of money goes up.The supply of goods goes down. Demand
for money goes down. Demand for goods goes up
C. The supply of money goes up.The supply of goods goes down.
Demand for money goes up. Demand for goods goes down
D. The supply of money goes down.The supply of goods goes up.

Demand for money goes up. Demand for goods goes down
5. How does the amount of money affect wealth?


A. Increasing the amount of money will increase the amount of wealth
B. Increasing the amount of money will decrease the amount of wealth
C. Increasing the amount of money does nothing to increasing the amount
of wealth
D. Increasing the amount of money will affect to increasing the amount of
wealth

C14.Between 2000 and 2012, deforestation occurred on 888,000 square miles
globally. This was partially offset by 309,000 square miles where forests grew
back. The net result is an average forest loss of 31 million acres per year during
that period – that’s about the size of the state of Mississippi, each year.This
forest loss trend is not distributed evenly over the planet. Several areas
are experiencing important reforestation, the regrowth of recently cut forest,
and afforestation, the planting of new forests were none were in recent history,
i.e., less than 50 years.Intensive forestry in subtropical areas and in boreal
forests is a major agent of forest loss. The vast majority of forest loss in
tropical areas occurs when forests are converted to agriculture production and
pastures for cattle. Forests are not logged for the commercial value of the wood
itself, but instead they are burned as the fastest way to clear land. Cattle are then
brought in to graze on grasses that now replace the trees. In some areas
plantations are put in, notably large palm oil operations. In other places, like
Argentina, forests are cut to grow soybeans, a major ingredient in pig and
poultry feed.
1. According to the passage, what is the author talking about?
A. Climate Change
B. Greenhouse effect

C. Deforestation
D. Pollution water
2. From 2000 to 2012, how much forest area was lost?
A. 888,000
B. 309,000
C. 579,000
D. 1,197,000
3. What are the remedies for deforestation?
A. Reforestation
B. Deforestation
C. Don’t deforest
D. Raise awareness
4. Causes of deforestation in the tropics?
A. Converted to agriculture production and pastures for cattle
B. Converted to industrial zones
C. Converted to tourist resorts
D. Converted to residential area
5. In argentina, what is the forest used for?
A. Tourist resorts & industrial zones
B. Residential area
C. Agriculture production and pastures for cattle
D. Cut to grow soybeans