500 câu hỏi trắc nghiệm thi đại học
Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (329.19 KB, 51 trang )
!"#$#%&
'(!&)(!&(!&*(!&
2.+,-.$ /!"#
0
1-23#4.5 6 -.%78#9:$;<
OH
OH
CH
3
CH
3
;<&6= 6!"#/>
'(()(((((*((
$?9&@9A !"#$ 79%#>
'%B)$B
B))$B
B$#B
B$#B%B
*%B)$B
B$#
0CD6@$ ,;<6@E
%&
'FD6@)D6@D6@*D6@
0G%H#"-.D6@'I
J
#%78#+D6@'%&
'K #L9%#)K L9%#K 7L9%#*K 7$L9%#
M+C9&&$ /(NDOPQ#Q6R#9SC-%
!&
TU*?9DOI/(N%&
'K
)K P;
K V-
*W7%
/XY#6Z<[%
\
]\
(
H SO Cl
C
X Y Y có tên là
→ →
'[9%%$)^79%%$(*#%7*(*#%7
]+C9-.$ /( Y 6Z6_-9$,
`
aQ%1&@95b>
'/%&$ )/%&$ V</%&$ V<*/%&$ P;
F+.%#.I9cE$,-I 6#Z-U7<G
'
d
d
M
)
d
M
d
d
M
d
*
M
d
d
Ja#C9DOI-.%H#$ eS%4C-%
÷
P;f#P#C9cE$$ TUaQ%1&
1
@95b>
'+,%&-.?9DO$ V<)+,%&-.?9DO$
+,%&-.?9DO$ P;V<*+,%&-.?9DO$ P;,-.C#;#
\+,ggY 67%!&6$6%!"#bh%&b#8$#2,i C#L#cZ6_-VS<(
(>
') *
0CD6@I 6V,;<
\
%&
'D6@)D6@]D6@*JD6@
+,-.$ ^!"#
0
23]\
P79;<fjhI^%&
'
k
)K
k
*
L#QZ6_-5I6Z<PE"I
CH
3
OH
'-79%L7 )-79%L7 -79%L7 *-79%L7
+C9-.$ / C-%
dC-%
/,i%&$ &@9>
'K V<)K P;,%#cPQ6#K P;,%#cPQ6# *K <
+D6@&I
J
P#"l#%78#D6@>
'-79%6$6% )-79%6$6% )% *)%
M+i6@L#4$ V<!"#$ <,5,-%#APAR#=CE%&
'm)$-)mC5-m'
*
]:$?9DO$ V<(P#-HLT(,#
'#4.;#T(PZT$"#Z- )#4.;#T(PZT$"T
#4.;##Z-(PZT$"#Z-*#4.;##Z-(PZT$"T
F^.$ ,;<G#4-
;<6@EI$ %&
'
)
\
M
F
\
J 6
n
CH
3
o&Z6_-57j9p-6#6I6Z<%H#" 6&@9>
'-79%L% )-79%L% -79%L% *-79%L%
J'%&DOI$ 79%#,SPC#V#!"#b#Lq(0CD6@,-HLP;6@I'%&
')*
2
\+C9(F--.$ V<U,(M%#
P;<$ ,%&
'
)
]
*
J
^.$ (V<(L1Lm-.6@E"HP7'<\(-P7'!gI!"#L$;-K &9%&
')% )W7%[%*W$6%
F(F-Y 6$ (V<(PQ#Q6$?9DO!"# (M%#
PaC#%
-Y#$ %&
'J(M!&J( )M(F!&(\ \(!&F(M *J(!&J(
+,Y 6#$ -H3!"#
0
2 77o9/%&-.$77,C9&& r%4-%I/(
b#U=(L#!&"H$%U% %&\((];<$ $c%&
'
!&
)
]
!&
n−
−
!&
ns *
!&
ns
+(MM-$
0
2 P7%&DOPQ#Q6+CY 6P7U(JM%#
((:W:
$ %&
'
(
]
)
(
(
*
]
(
J
(Y 6P%DO%#c#Q6!"#$# (%5
P;<6@EIP%$c%&
'
!&
)
!&
]
]
!&
J
*
J
!&
MM(M-Y 6D-$ 79%#!&$ 6$69%#6Z<Q!"# (M%#
Pt!APC#% $
$Y 6%&
'](]t!&](t )M\(t!&J(Ft \t!&M\t *t!&MFt
]/%&-.$ (<(-H3,C,-uV<](M-$ /6Z<Q!"#$#(%5P53P
;<vI/%&
'
]
)
M
*
F+,Y 6D-$ V<!"#
0
23\
(M-"!&]-Y 677)#Q77,C-%
Lq6Z<&&:W:$ %&
'
!&
!&
]
]
!&
J
!&
]
JWL#i&@9+wxP#,#!A67%>
'W7%,,-$6@Ec,5v#C$
)W7%,5b#c67% $mP#A-
:5b#I67%-HVb#L#!e67%!"#
HP5
**m67%$"-;#$Rb#(%&-je5-f#-&u
\v@hyW7%,i!"#z{
'%!&)!& !&% *!&
,;<H
3
CH
2
OH
CH
3
OH
OH
&.%H#67%>
'!&)!&!&*Z(!&
a#W7%!"#"L$-(9
'^-&@uI"L$- ):HPQIuH:HPQI$p *:HPQIb-LH
,9=i1L#Q%uG$#cL#4$LLe-?67%(#$7!&$ 79%#%&
'$#P#-%H#)je5-m*mL$-
WZ<&@9<-#67%,5b#9Q
'
M
k
k
)
M
k)$
M
k *
M
k
a#umL$-!&m67%%16<9b#4PQI$p%&
'67%6Z<.!"#L$-|&V!"#L7}7
)67%,5b#9QcLmL$-_9$&P;$m
67%|6Z<Q!"#L$-3!m$5!&6$HP;
*L$-#Q-%9"%&-67%$&PQI
M-% 6V/,;<6@E
]
F
!"#$# -%P5
P^2P(-%/,#
$c!gI!"#-%)
:$6@E/,i<
',-Lb9%−%#cPQ!"#@V-),-−
!&,-−%#cPQ!"#@V-
,-−%#cPQ$G#Q6!"#@V-*,-−−
%#cPQ!"#@V-
]*=6Z<,v&i<-#9cE#$$,-#$b9%I67%%#.V9cE#$$,-
#$b9%I$ 79%#
'
M
k )
M
k)$
M
k *Z
M
k!&
M
kA
F--67%
M
!"#$#9$\(M%5P5
PaC#% -U=%&
'(])J(](*(J
J"L$-!&m67% M(M-PQE$p6Z<&&aC#% 67%,$m%&
'(FF- )F(F- ](M- *(]M-
\]-67%!"#Y 6D-\\-
MFt!&\-
0
JMtHb#6#$#6Z<&&D.t
~P#PQEb#6#$#$%&
'\(Ft )(\Ft (t *(]t
:$
•
@
•
M
(
(
%!
€
(,#4.;#%
€
'
M
)
%*
4
:$-#
CH
3
'-#L1%&
'( )( ( *
•
@
•
,i
€
c
•
6@L#467%!&#%#%
€
'm)$
)
m%*
aE#$L7}7&#%#,i=&$
a5
B-C#‚70
BP50
B‚7k%
' )( ( *(
+#A
€
@90'ƒ>
'-#A,5L}V):5L}VI-#A-HV
'#%#,5L}V$9Q*'-#
•
„
•
L}V
•
T
…
67%7$#
M^. 6,:W:
0CD6@<!"#;<&9%&
'F )] M *
F
]
J
,;
•
D6@
•
@V-%
€
'M) *
J)CC#4-GY 6
L7}7k67%
#%#k%
#%#k
#%#k
†#4-&,G%"6%u>
'( ) (( *(
\ -# -79%-# #%# #-79%-#
:5L}VTU7<G&@9>
'```)``````*```
M
(
M
(
(
&%&-f#-&j‡5--&b>
'
)
M
(
M
(
*
M
(
a#-79%-#!&#%#%U% !"#)$!&m‚7%
l PQjZ&"#@9>
'Z-79%-#!&#%#A!"#Z)$!&‚7%
5
)^79%-#S!"#)$~#%# !"#Z)$!&‚7%
^79%-# !"#Z)$!&‚7%
~#%#S!"#)$
*Z-79%-#!&#%#AS!"#)$-&P;!"#‚7%
"L$-!&#%# M(-PQIx#ZEn\\taC#% #%#$m%&
'()J(\M(*(M
^.-#'.=?9DO!"#-79%-#,&-% L$6@ELqMF(J]t;<6@EI'%&
'
]
)
J
*
:$~\-%-79%-#U\-%m%\(^x#ZEi5P;9f#
^
I-79%-#%&
'ˆ\(\M )\(\\(\ *\(\
M+C9-.Y 6DOI79
n
e,%&
?9DO
''79V< '79#<
)'79V<P; *'79<
])$(
()$
((^(
'b#&@9A,6Z<!"#?>
'b#$#%#L'b#8-#'b#b7#'b#7$#
F
F
,CD6@79%&
' ) *
J'b#&@9P,$">
b#L7}#Lb#$#%#b#-7$#%#b#6$6##
M\,Le-?<$ 79%#
!&m8-%#+i6@L#4h,i=
'P#-%H# )'
‰
k
*Z)!&
M:$b#b#6$6##(b#b7#(b#8-#(b#$#%# 6,5b#9Q%&z
b#6$6##Lb#b7#b#8-#b#$#%#
M'7#b7# !"#
a.
(
b(('
‰
(
\
b.
(
b(
c. '
‰
(
\
(
(%
d. '
‰
(
\
((
MVD9i,
Š'Š)
NaOH+
→
;<HI'%&z
L
M:$6Z<!"#
#(
e7#8-#%&
b#LPE:Gb#,!&GPEa;9f#Cb#,
6
MVD9i,
\
Š/ŠNŠ
Š‹Š[/m;<HI/!&[>)#Q/%&%u3#AP#4
R([,PZT6Z<!"#!&,6Z<$V
/
B[L/
B[
/
M
B[/
B[
MMVD9i
M
b
b
b
' )
'()%U% ,i%&
(
L
%(
(
Z(LAh
M]+C9&&](--.b#Lb#%#P;6@E,<%#cPQπU=M(]%5P5
P0Z6_-9
jm"!;#$e9,\-PQIH&;<6@EIb#%&z
a.
L
M
M
MF^.7#V</(,SPC#V#C#!"#P;P5Lq/,;<%&
a.
L
MJ+C9&&F(M--.b#Lb#%#(Z6_-96!&m"!;#$(9H&\-PQI
!&PC#% m"!;##Z-]-^2P(P#=% b#,!"#m$##$Le
(%5P5
P;<6@EIb#%&z
a.
L
M
M
]\a#b#,M(J-$ 79%#L3#(
% 7#b7#!"##4F\t%&
M(M-LF(-(F-(MF-
]0Z6_-6Z<77,Ib#Lb#%#&@9 =if 6r5V>
a.
L
n
n
]
\
,CD6@b#%&
'] )M F *
]b#%
(
()$
(%
:<GTU5b#%&z
(((L(((((((((
]b#,;<
:cv#%&
'b#(#-79%7b#L'b#(#-79%7b#'b#79%-79%67#
L 'b#79%-79%67#
]:$(&,#4.;#>
a.
L
M
]M+i#AQb#b7#,iLq6Z<$G#Q6g
a.
L
≡
Z(LAh
7
]]+C9-%-.b#Lb#%# b-%
!&9-%
)#Qbs9n;<Ib#Lb#%#%&z
a.
}
}
'b#-7$9%#,PZT6Z<!"#
a. (
()$
(
L
()$
((
()$
('
‰
(
\
b. (
()$
(%(
]F^.b#Lb#%#,;<G#4-
;<6@EIb#%&z
M
J
M
L
M
F
F
]J'b#6$69#!&b#$9%#A,5!&2#i-#C%&
+DO(,5b#( !"#mL$-
L +D6@(,5b#( !"#mL$-
S,5b#
,5b#!&P;!"#mL$-
F\+C9&&-%b#Lb#%#/ -%
^2P$~-%/U-%/%&b#Lb#%#z
P;,-.C#;#nV<b%#'b7#
Fa#b#b7#!"#a((^((
(
(
0
(
(eC6Z<bZ9$%&
')M]*F
F(F-Y 6ND-
(
(
M
!gI!"#( M]-%P5P!&m;H
m Y 6-C#PN
aC#% -C#N
%&z
a. (]-(M-(]F-(F]-
F&6@L#4 b#6$6##!&b#$9%#
'*m)*m)$
**m)$
F+C9&&\(-%-C#$#I-.b#V( \(-%
(V#"!&
;<HI-C#%&z
a.
F,i6@L#4
!&
Lq6Z<!"#
')'
‰
Œ*Z'()(Ah
FM+#AP#4I6Z<b7#7 6"H&
%&z
a. a‰
'%
‰
\
0
‰F\
\
'%%
‰
\
F]0p6bQ6<G5b#TUIb#
%
B)$
Bƒ
'%
`ƒ
`)$
)%
`)$
`ƒ
ƒ
`)$
`%
*aQjZP
FF:V<!"#;<6@E
F
,L#cD6@,6Z<!"#m'
‰
>
D6@)D6@D6@D6@
FJWZ<)
M
kŠZ6_-A,PZT$V;<HI)%&
'
n
)
n
8
n
*n
•
J\;<HI 6,cv#-79%6$6%%&z
a.
b.
CH
3
CH
CHO
CH
3
c.
n
d.
H
2
C
C CHO
CH
3
Jb9('P%' b#P#)'!&)%U% %&
'W$6%Bb#W$6# '796$6##B'b#6$6##
)[%Bb#[# *^7%Bb#^7#
J:$!A,%#cjQ7%
[%,#4.;#V7%[%PQI!"#m'
$
[%5$"[%,i #AQgb7#%7
6L#iP;h%&z
(S,(S,
Jb#b7#!"#$ 79%#b
0
2(6Z< \(-%79%b7!"##46Z<%&M\tŽ19C
-%b#b7#U=%&
'\( '\(F \( *\(\
JVD9i,
→
+
\
(( tNiH
→
+
\
(tCuO
Z6_-!&%U% %&z
a.
(
(
(
(
:$&&&(M-.b#V<U=mFt'b#&9%&
''b#‚-# )'b#'$9%# 'b#'b7# *'b#W$6##
J)fY#6Z<
(1)
+H
2
Pd,t
0
(2)
C
2
H
5
OH
(3)
(4)
(5)
a.
(
M
(
%(
(
b.
(
(
(
(
c.
(
%(
(
(
d.
(
(
%(
(
JM+iC9\(-%b#VV<‹UM(]%5
P::I‹%&
'
)
n *aQjZP
J]a#\(-%-. 6V/V<(-H3!"#m'
$
(-LH/%&
9
z
7#b%#'7#8-# 6,,-#$b9%[%
JF+C9-.b#(%Ub#N \(M-%
!&\(-%
)#QN,-HL%&-HO::IN%&
'
)
*
JJ#Y 6D-7#(V<&6ULq
6UC9&& \(-
6U#$;,/#(
\
Y 6/
QC9/ei5
P %&z
a. \(%5\(M]%5(MF%5(%5
\\6Z<77,
KkK• KK•k
+i6Z<9iR##c7#A1(U=#Z#66
a. :TD.Ib#2$ *=
0
2ibh!&h"
b. i77$Pu#f 66Z<Z(L(A=
\
M
,L#cD6@-H36Z< !"#m>
a. D6@MD6@]D6@FD6@
\;<fjI77HL3#b#V<-H3!&$ V<-H3,H
'
k
•
•
)
• *
•
\Y 6'D-77V<(D6@a#$.\(-%Y 6'!"#
!gI$D#C9 \(M-%Z6_-D-
!&V#";<6@E77%&z
F
\
M
F
\^. 6VV<,;<
M
P;!"#P#-%H#-H(S!"#mP#A-(,.?9
DO
K [7'7#'b#
\/%&77-H3b#'!&$ )H$a#\(-%/6Z<!"# (F--C#+iC9-%)
U=(-%
;<HI/%&z
a.
\M+i#AQI9#V(R#$= 6g
'
n
)
n
n
*:ZA#
•
\]
VD
F
Š/ŠNŠ‹Š
M
;<HI/%&z
L
n
\F[7/,;<
F
,9i
10
/
k
k
N
N
k
!&
N
N
k
b
+iu-?#AP#4$ce/,c%&
a. ƒ6$69%8-#[9%b7^79%6$696$69%8-#
\J',;<6@E$=!"#;<V#Za#6@5' PQjZ\t((Mt((t7PC#% a#
r6@'Lqm
0
%? Z6_-A-#6Z<$LH;<HI'%&z
a. n
n
n
(77V<[Q!"#\-%m^ (-C#/m[
'
)
*
\/,;<6@E
a#/6Z<!"#m Z6_-9/m;<HI/
>
a.
n
b. n
c.
H
3
C
H
C
C
O
O
ZAh
:I96@77V<[Lqm -C#P,PC#% 6@ELq‰JPC#% 6@E[:SPC#
V#I[C#!"#P;P5Lq;<H
'
)
]
]
*aQjZP
/;<6@E
M
%
a#/6Z<!"#m
(79%7%#%!&%;<
HI/>
a.
%%
%
%%
%
%
6#Q-&6UI9Q$@9-5,c%&
x%}VL‚$}V0T$}V^}V
vm‘h
x%;}V%& 6VH6<I$ !&7#
Lx%;}V%& 69$L
x%;}V%& 6VH6<.%H#$ <!&7#V<6@E<,-9$b9%!&,-7#
x%;}V%& 6.%H#-$#
M0C,-9$b9%$ 6%}V%&
]/m;<HvhI 6b7%%;}V
M
]
L
M
M
F
M
]
11
F+.v%"%&
x%}VL ‚$}V 0T$}V :#L.
J:5CC%;}V$H#6@Eb7%%;}VI #9(#,PC#% 6@EJ\\\\\!
\]MF LMJˆJ \]
\WV66&@9=#AQ7%$6~5#4-
:r6@’b%7) oc-7$
!"#
0
%?,
:Z#A#
:G#46Z<$V,i6@L#4 g26m&@9
x%;}V!&0$;}V L'b#8-#!&$ c9%#
0$;}V!&^;}V :ZA
:$}VP;6Z<!"#@9
*m)$
L
‰#(
*#'
:e-&-% %;}V%"3$R 6
:$-R# L:$-1ˆ:$m9Q:$jZ5
WZ<&@9<ux%,H-H!~
WZ<
‰% WZ<!"#
WZ<!"#m'
‰
WZ<
‰#(
/m$R 6hP#I96@P0$;}V
\(P%;}V!&\(P8$;}VLM(-%;}V!&M(-8$;}Vˆ
(P%;}V(P8$;}V
M6Z<&@9,i9ix%(‚$&Z6_-#C
WZ<
‰#(
WZ<!"#
*m'
WZ<!"#
]:$V&&-.m<-%;}VLqm'
‰
,,“:5% '6I%cV
M(F-ˆL]\(--J(-
Fv@,#h
/7%%!&#L.,6@EPC#%"6@EPC#Ib7%%%"V#A!"##L.
L /7%%!&#L.,PC#% 6@Eu
/7%%,6@EPC#uV#L.
/7%%!&#L.,6@EPC#Lq
J)q6V66%c-7$ g%;}V \(%5$ c9%#,PC#% $#c\(F-‰-%)#Q#4%c-7F\t/
mPC#% %;}V?=
F(M-LJ\(-J(M-ˆJF(-
\0$,i6Z< !"#&@9
‰#(
B
B'
‰
B
‰
0
!& !& !& !&
12
:I96@Pp<\t#L.$-;#$Rb#Ž"##46Z<Ft:5% %;};
]F(J-L\\(F-FF(FF-ˆJ(-
:#L.!&/7%%PQ&
$h-H6@E)Z<r6@ +.$" :r6@6@E
:5%V%;}VUi#AQ%5m$ c9%#\)#QPC#% I$ 9c\(F-‰-%!.Z<
%&F\t
MM(-L\(-]F(M-ˆJ](M-
6&@9P;6Z#%&-#b#
L
'-#b#%& 6V($6@E<DR#,-<!&,-<+#A
!&f$C~#Q%&
+V<(-#(Lb9%L:H6<(L9%(-#
:H6<(-#(Lb9%:H6<(L9%(#$b9%
M,C#4-P;?<m
B
B
,i1$ mLq
x#9jeL*m*m%*m)$
]'b#-#b7#P;!"#
L
0
%?
a%
F,mm
(%#b7$#(D#L.(%~$p$<*=m
2u!&m$c(
1$
%#b7$#LD#L.o~$p$<b
J/%&-.'-#b#,,-<
!&-.,-<s#APOm&@9P;h
'/P;%&-f#-&j‡5-B )aC#% 6@EI/%&-.C%”
aC#% 6@EI/%&-.COB* 6/6Z#,5%•5
\0CD6@-#b#,=:W:
J
%&
LM]F
'b#–-#6$6##6< !"#
% L
% —Lh
;<HI/%&
'
)
˜ *
13
;<V#ZI 6V'%&
]
',;<6@E%&
'
]
)
M
M
*aQjZP
x%#b#P;!"#
'
0
%? )
*%
:G#46Z<$='-#b#
x%#b#!&'%# C#L#c+#6765
' ) *
a#I96@:$#676#
s
lH$'-#b#
'
!&
)
!&
!&
*
!&
M7#%7%#%'(7b-79%7#-#)(
b–-#6$#(b#$9%#*(b##6#[
,PZT-#6Z<$=%&
'()L'(([*(['()(([
]
kŠ'k
k
Ž19;<HI
%&
L
L
F^.-#b#',\(tB](JtB(]tBMt!&^
'
nFJ;<6@EI'%&
L
]
J
J\(-%'-#b#'6Z<!gI!"#\\-%m%^^2PF'™6Z<!gI!"#\\-%m%
$c',PC#% 6@E%&
'\ )J\ M\ *F\
\'%&-.'-#b#,PC#% 6@E%&])#Q-%'!gI!"#-%%B\(-%!gI!"#-%
;<6@EI'%&
'
J
)
]
*
F
\(\-%-#b#'!gIF\-%m%\(^;Hm (F--C#
aC#% 6@EI'%&
] L\ J] \
14
:$(&%&6%#-7
'
F
M
)
]
*
M
\
:V#%MM%&
'7b%b9%7bB )W%#-#Ib##6#!&7b-79%7#-#B
W%#-#Ib#š-#6$#B *W%#77Ib##%#!&79%7%9%
aOm&@9%&#
' +2#i-I--7-#6Z<$= 6%&6@E--76Z#,%#cPQPX6
) +2#i-I--7-#6Z<$=%&6Z#,g#,-<$3%c
0Z6_-I6Z<$= 6,$6@Eu
* 0Z6_-I6Z<$=,$6@Eu
MW%#-7&,H-HP;#
'GLP7%#B )W%##6$7B )0B
*%,B [Z'!&*
]:$6%#-7(6%#-7,i=%&-”
GW[GWŽ:r#V:ZAh
FW%#-7 g6$67%&
'−
−
−
B )−
−
−
−
B
C: ( CH CH ) ;
CH
2
3
n
D: ( CH C )
CH
2
n
2
JWL#i&@9h
' :#L.%&6%#-7-HP;6@'-#b#%& 6<
) +D$= 6%&j$e,#Z#6,6u:ZA#
M\6%#-7,PZT%,%&
')B )W%##6$7B )0B *:ZAh
M+if 66%#-7(R#,iE
' WZ<$= 6WZ<$=
) WZ<D$= 696Z<D$=:ZAh
M+i#AQ6%#-7G#46Z<
'.B )WZ<$= 6B 6Z<$=B
*WZ<$= 626Z<$=
M+mS&@9h
'WZ<$=%&j$e. 6#A6@Eu&6@E%"
)WZ<$=,GR17%7$
WZ<$=%&j$e. 6#A6@Eu&6@E%"!&#Z#6,"
*mS$cA#
M:#L.B
F
B :Vq-−−K−−
15
W%#-7&%&Z6_-I6Z<$=
'B)B B *!&
MW%#-7,$hP;#R
' aZTm#4PX-
) ,5&D#(-A--H#!&#
,5LAVv(m -!&!H-
* *|Lm&$-;#V
MMaC#% 6@EIV6$%&\\\!:5C-pb5$6@EI%H#V&9
'B)BFB*aQjZP
W%#-7&@9,i-#6Z<.
'W%#7#%7)W%#!#9%%$L*/7%%}V
M]a5%,WŽ V%$#<MM(Mt%0C-pb5$Le!"#6@E%
'(B )B B *(
MF9i,
Š'Š)Š
'()%&
':#L.(%}V):#L.(/7%%}V:#L.($}V*x%}V(/7%%}V
MJ,i#AQW[Lq6Z<$= 6--7
'
B )
n−
B
−%B *
n
]\*G!&5&iPQ%1#L.!&b7%%}V%&6%#-7#c#c,;<
M
\
' :#L.!&b7%%}VP#LmC9A!&7S%4C-%M
) :#L.!&b7%%}VP#Lmr6@Q=A%}V
:#L.!&b7%%}VA$"
* :#L.!&b7%%}VA,i%&-<TR#!&#h
],i#AQWŽLq6Z<$= 6--7
'
B )
%B
%B*
%
W%#-7,;<›
M
œ
.%H#&>
A. ”:V#%:V6$
]+#AP#4i-;-7,i =#AQ6%#-7
',%#cPQVB ),%#cPQ;#B ,%#cPQLB
*,%#cPQ;#2L
])P;-#6Z<&$C6Z<
A. .
Ž"#mŽ"#%
‰.mL$;-
][%BŽ#9%b79%7Bƒ6$7B679%7%
:16 6&,i#AQ )0Lq6Z<
'kB )kB kB *k
]6%#-7W[(WŽ(6%5L#7('-#%67#0Gp6bQ6&@9%&h
16
' W[(WŽ(6%5L#7,H-HOB'-#%67#-H6@
) 6%#-7$cA,$hH-Hq
6%#-7$cA,$hH-H
* 6%#-7$cA,$hH-HP;#
]M,i#AQ6%#6$69%7g--7
'
B )
B
%B *
%
]]+2#i-HI--7-#6Z<$= 6%&
' W@E6Z#,g#,-<$3%cW@E6Z#,%#cPQPX6
) W@E6Z#,H-HP;W@E6Z#,H-H
]F:g\\-m$ 79%#(t*n\(MJ,i#AQ L#cPW[##4\\t
'B )B FB *aQjZP
]JL#Q,
/7%%}VŠ'Š)ŠŠL
'()(%&-&
'
(
(
)
M
M
%}V(
(
n•n
M
M
%}V(
(*
(
(
F\:gPb79%7,i#AQ L#cPWŽ##4%&\\t
'M(B )(B (B *aQjZP
F:$6%#-7@9);B:Vq-Bo7B:V!#B:V7B:Vb7MB:V#%]B:V6$F%H#&,
DCgb7%%}V>
' ((]((F((]((M
F4C$= 6I%H#6%#7#%7,PC#% 6@E%&JF!!&I6%#$#
M
\
,PC#% 6@EM\\\!%U
% %&
' ]F!&\\\F]!&\\]F!&\\\]F!&\\\
F,i#AQ L#c)g(F)#4IZj$e%&M\t
'JB )(B (B*aQjZP
aC#% 6@E$LeI/7%%}V$ ##%&J\\\\!0CC
M
\
$6@/7%%}V$c%&
'M)MM]]*]]
F:$
(%
(
%
6@G!&$"#A%&
'( )( ( *(
F6$6%(7%(b7
;#3#4.!&;#3#4.67<G
'( )( ( *(
:$(&%&$ L1ƒƒ
FM ^7% W$6%
17
[% s^79%6$6%
)%
'(()(((( *(
F]+i6@L#47#b7#(7#$#%#(b#b7#(7%(,i=CE&$m)$
(m
'
‰
(#9j‡(m
0
'(!& )( ( *(!&
FF,Le-?<$ 7#%#
\
!&m8-%#+i6@L#4h,i=
'P#-%H#)*m'
‰
*mj‡5-**m%
FJ,i=&$Ci6@L#47b(6$6%(b7")$-
m'
‰
J\m0
1-2 #9j‡
'( )( ( *(
J[% !"#&@9
%
0
'(()(((( *((((
J&@9,#4.;#
'
)
*
J'-#%&
' 6V<((
) 6V-&6@ED-,-
PQ 6!"#C#$L
6V H$P#9Q9cE#$$-#LqC#$L
*V$,,--#
%#cPQ!"#!~L7}7
J:$C9c%#4
(
%(
F
,i=9c%#4&i#AQ
!;Vž
' )( (( *
J'-#V-,:W:
]
J
,CD6@%&
' ) *
JM+i-.Y 6D-L7}7(67%!&#%#(,i=CE&@9m(m
0
(
m
(m)$
'( )( ( *(
J]a#!#QD6@I
!&
\
-.v#1bX
0CD6@I
\
#AVCD6@
,D6@-#L1ƒ
,D6@-#L1ƒƒ
,D6@-#L1ƒƒƒ
\
,]D6@$ !&77
1bXhD-
'((( )(( (( *(((
18
JF'()%&# 6V-H3(,PZT%&---&m)$-(,;<6@E
M
HI'(),i%&
'
)
Ÿ
n
*ZL(
JJ,#4.;#%&
'
)
*
\\V-H3,;<
.?9DO&>
''b#V<977V<)*#b#%78#'7#<*/7<
\0p6bQ67#ATU.%#.$6@E
'K `W7%`'b5)K `'b5`W7%K `'b5`K *W7%`K `'b5
\;<KK•/:$,
'/%&77 #AQgb#K•!&$ K )/%&77 #AQgb#K!&$ K•
+i/%&77eK!&K•6Z#P *K(!&K•6Z#%&C#$L,$m
\+iY 6D-L7}77(67%(#%#7,iCE&$
*m *m
0
*m
*m)$
( )( ( *(
\^.77[
F
[-#6Z<$LH,i,c&@9
'W$69%8$-#)'$#%-79%ƒ}6$69%b7 *[9%b7
\+i6@L#4c9bc#(c9$9#(b5bc#(7%,i=CE&@9
*m)$
*m'
‰
x#9j‡ *m
0
'(!& )!& !& *(!&
\Ma#r6@77/
M
\
Z6_-N!&‹N!"#!&--&m)$-(;<I/%&
'
]
)
*
]
•
\] 6V),;<6V$e
)(-#6Z<$VŽ19;<HI)%&
'
)
*
\F+i6@L#4x%}V(0$}V(#L.(/7%%}V,i&$CE
" *m'
‰
"ƒ
x#9j‡
19
'( )(( ( *(
\J 6V
M
B
s
B
BB
\+.-HIL}V p6bQ67<GTU
'```` )````````*````
:g)7}7#AQ$ L7}9%#,i!;V!&V&@9
%
‚7%
%
'(( )( ((( *(
:$6Z<#$ !&b#Ve@Lq,vl9|m7#AH$77P#
'x#Z-D.I$ 9b# ):T6I4x#Z-D.I779I"
*U,bh
/,;<6V$e
M
/I96@ b5!&c9‹‹b#,$N(/,i$= 6$
6%#-7
'
)
*
+C9&&\(\-%$ /-H3U(Mb#H$M(M
::vI/
'
)
M
*
M
^.$ /-H3P;%&---&"L$-(iC9%#V#$ /eU(%#b#3=P::I/%&
'
)
M
]
*
]
*
M; V
…
6/;
€
-\(-%$V
…
9%#!
€
\-%b#b7
•
#
•
…
!V
•
#:c
•
„
•
P„
•
V
…
+a:%
€
'( )(M M(] *(
]+C9&&\(-%/%&-C#$#Ib#VV< \(-%P5
(V#"!&
::I
/%&
'
)
]
*
F; V
…
6/;
€
-M
!
€
J(
M
#
…
!
€
•
!V
•
#\\-%#
…
;
€
;
…
-%‰%
•
#
…
%
€
' ) \( *
J‹%&b#VV<+iC9\(-%‹UM(]%5
3PL#Q::I‹>
'
)
n *
\+;
•
•
9
€
€
(V
…
6@
•
V'V
…
(J
!
€
(]
¡
•
€
#c
€
P#c
…
#c
…
;
…
•
6@
•
\(]'
•
c
•
„
•
V#
LT
€
c
•
„
•
\(P„
•
b#;
•
@
•
…
•
•
'L#c
•
'-
…
T
•
(
•
…
!V
•
#
'
)
*
20
b#,(-P%' -b#P#)'!&)%U% %&
'W$6%Bb#6$6#)[%Bb#7#
'796$6#Bb#6$6#*^7%Bb#-7#
:5PC#% -.%H#H,S%4#L.%&F\tU=iP#%c-7#4%c-7%&\t M\-%$ \
PC#
% $#cI79%#\(F\‰-%
'\ )\ ]M\ *F\
:$~&&(M--.b#V<U=-mFt'b#&9%&
''b#8-# )'b#$#%# 'b#b7# *'b#6$6##
:e-7#V<,tn(t
' )
*
]
)$ /(N(‹,PC#% 6@EP!&ALA+C9-Y#A#$
!&
7r%4-%
n
Ž19;<$ ,i%&
'
(
]
(
J
)
F
(
F
(
F
F
(
F
(
F
*
M
(
M
(
M
M'<(((,tnM(]t(tn(Mt(tn(Ft)#Q',^`(',;<6@E%&
'
M
)
]
M
*
M
]a#6@5VS<((e,-
k-
n(-
;<V#ZI'%&
'
)
M
F
*
F
F'<(((!&,^nFJ)#Q-%'9-%
B\(-%
'%&
'
]
)
]
*
J
J+C9-.b#<N \(M-%
!&\(-%")#Q-HOL#Q::IN
')
*
\+,M
!"#M
,
0
bhaC#% 77H&P##4F\t%&
'](\ )F \ *
+C9&&-#V-L1R# (MF%5P5
(%5V#"!&\(M%5P5$V+i$&Q\(\
-%/U\\-%m%\(]^)#Qi5P53P/m:W:I/
'
M
)
M
*
]
W@5MV' F(F
B](
!&(%5
+a^2P\(-%'6Z<!gI!"#\(-%%;
<V#Z(;<6@EI'!&CD6@%&
'
(
F
(D6@ )
(
F
(D6@
(
M
(D6@ *
(
F
(D6@
(M-.V/((!"#m'
‰
(')#QSPC#Z/C#!"#
Lq(
21
::I/%&
'
¢
)
n
*¢
6'S<%H#,-<!&6@ES<9cC(($,b##Q-](t!APC#% -%'$
V&&-%''%&
' )
*
;<V#ZIb#V/%&
a#C-%/ "#M-%
::I/%&
'n
)
n *
ML9V#Q(F-. 6V/ (F%5V#/!"#\J(
\
^2P(F/6Z<!"#m'
‰
H$(';<6@EI/
'
)
*
]+,Y 6D-$ V<%#c#Q6!"#
0
2(3\
\
(]Y 677!&](
)#Q6Z<
b_9$&&::I$ %&
'
]
!&
J
)
!&
]
!&
*
J
!&
F/m::I 6/L#Q$qP#C9-%/$-%
(/.!"#)$
7r%4(!"#P5
!&/
6Z<$V
'n
)
n
*
n
JP#-%H#'%(‚7(^(!&m‹0
('
(%
(^0
a#-%H#PE Z-C#%&
'‚7 )^ '% *ZA#
\9cC3;<J(Pe,-ƒ'6@,-5,-ƒ,e7%7$9cE%&
'
6
M
6
M
)
6
M
6
M
6
M
6
M
*
6
M
6
M
\
0GT-~#4bZ9$j$e
'0Gb#3GV!&GPE3G@-)0GPE3GV!&Gb#3G@-
0Gb#3G@-*0Gb#3GV
oH#%#cPQ&@9,%Gh‘#4>
' o#cPQP#-%H#)o#cPQ#!&%#cPQP#-%H#
o#cPQ.$m*o#cPQ#
22
a#-%H#,5”%&!e
'0C7%7$&#=$9cE5)+#45H@!&LP59cELX
,$h-H#i*:$-H#iP#-%H#,7%7$G
a#i-H#iI-C#T%&
' ƒ) 9cE a#-%H#* W@E
6P#-<!&#~VP#-%H#$Y 6U!e
'$h-H#i9f#)^1.#VT^1.7%7$G#Z-
**,GH%#cPQv$mc-1.7%7$G$ 6P#-#Z-
MoH#6Z<v&@9bZ9$$j$eT-~P#-%H#>
' WZ<b#PE WZ< 6
WZ<Q* WZ<6@r
]L#QPC#% %‹9f#Q&P#@-%‹!&m0
'P;9f# )T #Z- *~‡
F,26P#-%H##Q6bh!"#'%‚7B‹‚7B0‚7B‚7i%@$P;P5_-26-&pLmT-~%&
'#,26'%‚7B)#,26‹‚7B#,260‚7B*260‚7!&‚7
J,‚70
%’H6%&0
(i%H#Lu0
=
'
)L.p L.;- *!gI
\:gm^%
,i#AQ^Lq
'+#46@m^%
);m$D##46@^%
,Z9
*=P#-%H#iPE#^
k
$m*9i^%
&^
$D#9i&^$D#PE^Lqz
L#Q26b#PE
‚7
k
‰‚7
k
‰ ‚7
k
‰‚7
k
:5b#TU7<G
'‚7
k
(
k
(
‚7
k
)‚7
k
(
k
(
‚7
k
k
(
‚7
k
(‚7
k
*
k
(
‚7
k
(
‚7
k
%
(
(%(0
(
2.#(‚7%
!"#‚7%&
'%
(
(%(0
)%
(
(%(0
(
2.#
%
(
(%(0
(‚7%
*:Z$c
L#Q26b#PE
‚7
k
‰‚7
k
‰ ‚7
k
‰‚7
k
:5PE#Z-U7<G
'‚7((‚7
k
)‚7(‚7
k
( (‚7(‚7
k
*‚7
k
((‚7
:gm-C#'
i#AQ'=6V66
'r%94 )#46@ #46@m *Z'()(
23
a%#P#-%H#!&m0
e Z6_-D-
'!&a
0
B)a!&
B
!&a
0
B*
(a
0
!&
MY 6D-‚7(!&m'
%9eP#PQh6Z<m ,%&
'‚7
!&
B)‚7
(
!&'
‚7
(
!&'
*‚7
(
('
!&'
]Y 6'%(‚7!"#Y 6m'
(
m)!&$p*D-P#-%H#*
!"#%(9,P5L9%c:&6UI$p*%&
'‚7((' )'%(‚7( '%((' *Z'()(
F£-~#4!&T-~vP3#i-
'a#-%H#Lm6r),GH~#4a#-%H#,5PELmT-~
*,GH~#4DR#P#-%H#,5PE-HVLmT-~
J*P#4&"#@99;-H.-HVp
'p|LmT-~P#-%H#V )!1Lq;-LAV!"#Lqp
pLm;-_9$Pu#m-C# *;-~6Z< !"#mP#A-
\:$.VC$##QLqX6Lm-~%&
'£-~Vv)£-~#4
£-~v*£-~v!&T-~Vv
o#cPQ$#iP#-%H# e&%&
'7,$mPu#9cE!&9i.G$&-H#i
)9cE p6bQ67-.$1Gm
GV_9j%H###V
*%GV‘#4##V!"#7Gbj
R#$-.%"6‹%c-;LqX6(C’"LqX6!e
'‹,5PE-HVpcLmT-~$"(X6 LZ!4
)o"6‹,-&$pLH$“6
‹P#Lmb#H%"6‹,LZ!4
*‹H-.%"66I%#X6!"#-;#$R
:$C9cC,v?L#Qe9cCP#-%H##Q-6U
'9cE9cC,LP5%"DR##45H@LX
)9cE9cCR,((7%"6&#=
9cCP#-%H#D-9cCv((8!&-.6U9cCv6
*T% #,9cER6
+i#AQ'gm'
(
R#%&-&$
‰*=‹iPE'
k
$m'
‰+#46@m'
‰m'
!"#m,%v%9'(7-,i '
,PE'
Lq2
24
3
WV66h%&
'B)!&BB*Z(!&
^.-P#-%H#!&LmL--.%"6‚73LA-2(,i$E%"6‚7i 'Lq
'0
)‚7%
‚70
*'
M:g^
R##AQ^Lq&$
‰+#46@^
,Z9
‰&^
!&m%,#46@m^%
,-&T
‰#46@^
,PE^Lq2
3#4.
‰&^
!&m%(;Hm,#46@^%
,Z9
%&-h%&
'!&B)S,B(!&B*Z((!&
]a#-%H#S,iDH#3H9cE$#cL#4P#
'3i%u )3iV# 3i$p *Z'!&)
F^.%H#)H,%’-.5DR#%H#LuD$%H#LH,Lq
‰%H#LH&9!&m'
Q(,%v%9'
‰%H#LH&9!&m%(Q%v%9'
‰+,%H#LH&9$b9,Y 6Z6_-!&m%'P;%v%9'
‰%H#LH&9!&m
(('P;%v%9'
%&-h%&
'!&B)!&B!&B*Z(((
Ja#-%H#&@9P#!"#%!&!"#%
=%H#-C#%$
'‚7 )' *‹
\+i#AQ‚7gm‚7%
R#%&-7
‰*=‹iPE‚7
k
$m&‚7
‰+#46@m‚7%
,-&T
‰9i‚7%
&‚7
,9i‚7
&‚7
$D#PE‚7
Lq3#4.
‰;Hm$D##46@‚7%
,Z9
%&-5 6%&
'!&B)S,B!&B*((!&
+i-H#%c-.!1LqX6R##46@m#0
!"#
'aC%&!1U-H('CLq0p)'C%&!1U-H(aCLq#
aC%&!1U-H('CLq#*'C%&!1U-H(aCLq0p
^CPE<‚7
k
&,<‚7
k
U=P#-%H#
'‹ ) ' *Z'()h
?9p6bQ6#
k
(
k
(‚7
k
(WL
k
(
k
7#A5b#TU>
25
