English for starter 11 girls AB

Activity Book

‫ﻡ‬٢٠١٥¥٢٠١٤



Vocational Stream
Girls’ Grade 11

Activity Book

‫م‬2015 - 2014
‫المؤسسة العامة للطباعة‬


Contents
Unit

Title

Page

1

Sewing Machines

3

2

Threads

6

3

Fabrics

9

Test 1

12

4

Textiles

14

5

Tailor’s Tools

17

6

Upper and Lower Part Sketches

20

Test 2

23

7

Making Clothes (1)

25

8

Making Clothes (2)

28

9

Textile Manufacturing

31

Test 3

34

10

Fibres

36

11

Knitting and Weaving

39

12

Embroidery and Tricot

42

Test 4

45

Glossary

47

2


1 Sewing Machines

Exercise 1 Reading

Read the text and answer the questions.
Using a sewing machine to sew your own clothes and soft home furnishings can be an enjoyable
experience. Not only can you make the styles exactly as you want in your choice of fabric, but you can
also create custom fashions and furnishings at a much lower cost since labour for custom sewing can
be quite expensive.
Sewing machines are mechanical devices that can quickly stitch fabric together with thread. In
recent decades, the sewing machine has been enhanced with a series of electromechanical and
electronic features.

Sewing machines are designed to operate with a loop stitch. The simplest loop stitch is the chain
stitch, which can be sewn quickly but might come undone easily. The chain stitch works well for
temporary stitching, but most sewing machines utilise a different loop stitch, called the lockstitch,
which is sturdier and more durable. The lockstitch is created by means of a shuttle hook and bobbin
assembly, wherein the stitching mechanism pulls a loop of thread around another length of thread as it
unspools from a bobbin.
Today, built-in computers and monitor displays are available on high-end sewing machines. The
computers drive the machines precisely, and computer programs can store different stitches internally.
Some of these high-end machines also feature quilting and embroidery stitches.

Questions
1 Give the text a suitable title.
2 Complete the following sentence: It is enjoyable to use sewing machines because …
3 How does the text define sewing machines?
4 How many loops are described in the text? What are they?
5 How is technology part of sewing machines nowadays?
6 What is the meaning of the words in bold?

3

Exercise 2 Grammar
Write six questions about sewing machines using do /does.

Exercise 3 Writing and Speaking
Hand sewing is an art form that is over 20,000 years old. The first sewing needles were made
of bones or animal horns and the first thread was made of animal sinew. Iron needles were
invented in the 14th century. The first eyed needles appeared in the 15th century.
Research the history of sewing machines under the following headings and report to your
classmates in the form of an oral presentation.
•
•
•
•
•
•

4

Birth of Mechanical Sewing
Several Inventors Attempt to Improve Sewing
Barthelemy Thimonnier
Walter Hunt & Elias Howe
Isaac Singer
Patent


Unit 1

Exercise 4 Vocabulary

The following is an advertisement for a sewing machine company. Put the words in the box in the right
place.
transfer

precision
powerful

dreamed
performance

selection
fastest

sewer
built-in

beauty
overlock

market

Enter the Creative World of Sewing!
Without the sewing machine, the world would be a very different place. Sewing machines are
, and they vary considerably in price
like cars: there are hundreds of models on the (1)
and (2)
. We have a great (3)
of innovative sewing machines, each with
different equipment and performance ranges. You’ll definitely find the right one for you. Don’t forget
machines! It is a must for every hobby (5)

.
the (4)
Discover what
makes this such a
truly amazing sewing and
embroidery machine – not
just in terms of the
(6)
, most
advanced technology, but with
exclusive features that
provide you with the
utmost (7)
and detail.

At first glance,
you may fall in love
with this machine for its
(8)
. But look
closer and you’ll soon discover
an advanced and
(9)
sewing and
embroidery machine. It includes
virtually every feature you will
have ever
(10)
about.

No matter
where your
imagination takes you
with your sewing and
embroidery projects, this
machine delivers. You can edit
designs on your machine and
them back
(11)
into your computer,
download upgrades, and
much more.

Take your
embroidery to the
next level with this
advanced sewing and
embroidery machine. It
includes a
(12)
design
library, an LCD touch screen
and a wide array of
embroidery editing
capabilities.

5


2 Threads

Exercise 1 Reading

Read the text and answer the questions.
Uzbek Ikats
Ikats are pieces of woven fabric with patterns which result from dyeing the yarn before weaving
it. According to the way that the patterns are dyed on the warp, the weft or on both, ikats are called
warp ikat, weft ikat or warp and weft ikat. When weaving warp ikats, the dyed yarns can be slightly
shifted and this inaccuracy results in a blurry outline in the pattern between the different colours.
This is the unique quality of ikat cloths. Uzbek people call them “cloudy cloths”. Fancy ikats, as used
in traditional costumes, can be seen in museums. However, simply browsing in the street reveals
that this cloth tradition lives on in the present day. In the country, most women wear the Uzbek
traditional costume which is made up of a dress and a pair of leggings fitted to the ankles. The outfit
is made of an ikat of common quality, known as Atlas. This bright coloured cloth can be purchased at
a modest price in most markets.

Questions
1 What are ikats?
2 What are warp and weft?
3 Find in the text a phrase that means “cloudy”, as used by the Uzbek people to describe
their cloths.
4 Do people still wear ikats? What is the proof?
5 Are ikats expensive? Why?
6


Unit 2

Exercise 2 Vocabulary

Match the following words with their meanings and use five of them in a paragraph discussing threads
used in the Navajo weaving tradition.
spin

yarn
vertical

dye
weft
weaving

pattern
fibre
horizontal
loom
motif
warp

1 A long, thin thread of material like wool or cotton
2 Flat and parallel to the ground
3 A machine or frame used for weaving cloth
4 A design element or theme in a work of art
5 A design or motif that is regularly repeated
6 To stretch, pull and twist wool into a string of yarn
7 Upright, or straight up and down
8 The vertical threads held in place on a loom that form the foundation of a fabric
9 To make cloth on a loom by passing weft threads over and under warp threads
10 In weaving, the threads that are passed over and under the foundation warp threads
11 Fibres such as wool, cotton or silk that have been twisted into long strands
12 A chemical mixture that adds colour to fibres, yarns and cloth. It can be made

from plants, insects, minerals and chemicals

Exercise 3 Grammar
Put the adjectives in the right order to describe the nouns in bold.
1 This is a market.

rewarding / money / small

2 Banking is reasonably secure.

private / Syrian

3 I need to buy a thread.

silk / pure / Chinese

4 The department is announcing the results.

old / finance / first

5 My property is of great value.

lovely / personal /warm

6 My grandmother is using a ribbon.

five-metre-long / black

7 Our neighbour is a tailor.

Brazilian / professional / nice

8 This shirt is made of a(n) thread.

polyester / 100% / embroidery

9 Most people trust a(n) cheque.

certified / official

10 You should make stitches.

short / satin

7


Exercise 4 Writing and Speaking
Research types of thread that are used to make patterns such as the ones in the picture below. Tell
your classmates about them.

8


3 Fabrics

Exercise 1 Reading

Read the text and answer the questions.
A

Because of the severe pressing that is required in tailoring, the chosen materials must be
prepared in advance. This is especially important if the tailored garment will be made using wool.
The necessary treatment ensures that later on, when water is used as an aid in pressing the fabric,
there will be no blistering, spotting or shrinking after the pressing has been done. The preparation,
which generally consists of a dampening and drying process, is known as shrinking.
B
Two shrinking cloths, each at least 32 inches (1 metre) wide and 4 yards (3.5 metres) long, are
needed for one method of shrinking. Unbleached muslin that has been boiled in a strong soap
solution and then rinsed thoroughly to remove all dressing is most suitable. However, partly worn
sheets can also be used.
C
The simplest method of shrinking material consists of placing it between wet sponge cloths until
they dry. First, clip the selvage edges of the material to be shrunk every 1 to 1½ inches
(2 to 3 centimetres) so that they will shrink evenly with the rest of the fabric. For protection, place
several sheets of newspaper on your cutting table or the floor. Spread one of your sponge cloths over
it, thoroughly and evenly moistened, smoothing it out carefully so that there will be no wrinkles.
Spread your chosen material over the wet cloth, smoothing it down too. Then, spread the second wet
cloth over the material, patting it down carefully over its entire length so that it will be close to the
material to be shrunken. Leave without shifting or moving until thoroughly dry, usually over night.
If each step of the work has been done properly, no pressing will be needed.

Questions
1 Put the titles in the correct place.
-Equipment for Shrinking
-Shrinking Woollen Materials
-Shrinking Methods
2 Does the text have a conclusion? If not, write one.
3 What do the words in bold mean?
4 Summarise the text in seven sentences.

9


Exercise 2 Speaking
There are two more shrinking methods not discussed in the text. Find out about them and present your
research to your classmates.

Exercise 3 Writing
Write a paragraph about wool materials not requiring sponging using the following guidelines.
modern makers of wool fabrics / sponging during the manufacturing process /
you purchase woollen dress material / whether this precaution has been taken /
a tag which states whether the material has been sponged or shrunk /
shrinking of wool fabrics / shrinking process / fineness of wool fabrics /
does not require dampening before pressing / before making up materials /
only shrink materials that need it

10


Unit 3

Exercise 4 Vocabulary
Write the words in brackets in their correct form.
Sponge and Press Cloths

If you intend to do much (press) (1)
, you will find a medium-size sponge and two
press cloths (convenient) (2)
. These cloths should be used for no other purpose than
(sponge) (3)

and pressing materials and garments in the making.
Firm, unbleached muslin or lightweight duck is suitable for sponge cloths - ¼ to ½ yard (¼ to ½
metre) of this being sufficient for each one. Take care not to have the press cloths too sheer. For
each press cloth, (providing) (4)
about 1½ yards (1 ½ metres) of unbleached muslin.
It is not (necessarily) (5)
to hem any of these pieces but, if you wish, you may pink or
overcast the raw edges to (prevention) (6)
them from (ravel) (7)
.
In order to remove the filling that is put in when the material is (weaving) (8)
, boil
the cloths before using them in (fair) (9)
strong soapsuds to which a pinch of baking
soda has been (addition) (10)
. This precaution should always be taken because new
muslin scorches readily, and because the new material will be unable to absorb sufficient amounts of
water to be useful in sponging if the filling is not removed.

Exercise 5 Grammar
Rewrite the sentences to make questions using the word(s) in brackets.
1 It cost 20 pounds. (... you pay for it?)
2 They went to the market yesterday. (... go yesterday?)
3 Six types of fabric arrived for me this morning. (How many ...?)
4 I bought this shirt for 35 pounds. (How much ...?)
5 I had no money to buy muslin. (... buy muslin?)
11


Test1

Part One: Reading comprehension
(35 marks)

Part Two: Grammar and structure
(60 marks)

I Read the following text then answer the questions.
The vast majority of machines sent to repair
shops could be repaired at home with little or no
technical knowledge. Depending on the type of
problem you're having, the following suggestions
may be of immediate help to you.
As you change projects and start sewing on
different weight materials, you should test stitch
on a piece of scrap material of the same weight
before beginning the actual project. This will
allow you to adjust your upper tension to that
particular fabric. The most probable cause of the
lower thread breaking is an improperly wound
bobbin. Regardless of where you wind the
bobbin - inside the machine, on the top of the
hand wheel or on the front side near the hand
wheel - the basic bobbin rules apply. Sometimes
the needle is put in backwards. If your machine
will not pick up the bottom thread or skips
stitches, in most cases it's because the needle is
positioned incorrectly.

II Fill the gaps using words from the list.

Taking just a few minutes before starting a
project to make sure everything is in order can
save you from having to take the machine to the
repair shop unnecessarily.

Questions
1 What is the main idea of the text?
2 Choose the right meaning of the following
words.
- majority
a some
b most
c all
d few

quality
higher
handling
laborious
different

Problems with (1)
thread can usually
be traced to five main causes, the most important
of thread that’s
of which is the (2)
the quality of thread,
used. The (3)
will be required.

the less special (4)
quality thread breaks easily and
(5)
can make any sewing project (6)
rather than fun. Hence, it is important that you
types of thread
are aware of the (7)
and when to use each one.
III Complete the dialogue.

Instructor: Samira, please check that you have
the following tools with you when you
want to sew a dress or cloth.
Samira:
OK! Could you list them for me,
please?
.
Instructor: You’ll need (1)
Samira:
Should I use any special kind of
thread?
.
Instructor: Sure. (2)
?
Samira:
(3)
Instructor: You could use solid thin pins to fasten
them.
Samira:
OK, thank you, sir. I’ll note down

everything you’ve just told me.
Instructor: That’s a good idea.

IV Choose the correct word in brackets.

- immediate
a instant
c before some time

b after some time
d accidental

- actual
a another
c real

b the first one
d theoretical

- improperly
a appropriately
b properly
c incorrectly
d honestly
3 How many suggestions are given to repair a
sewing machine? Choose one of the suggestions
and write about it in your own words.

12

speciality
poor

1 (Do / Does) many machines today have a
horizontal thread delivery for the needle?
2 (Did / Does) bobbin thread (come / comes) out
of the needle plate in the area it is intended to?
3 Using the best quality thread (helps / does
helps).
4 Some newer machines (do / did) not need this
starting boost.
5 She still (cleans / cleaned) the bobbin case and
shuttle every week.
6 (Did the machine / Did it the machine) feed the
material?


Test 1
V Correct the following sentences.
1 It may help to keep a soft small brush.
2 Also hold onto the needle thread and the
bobbin thread, giving hand slight tension to
both, for the few first stitches you make in
your fabric.
3 Although compressed air is not recommended
for a new machine, the thought is offered for
you to consider for mechanical older machines.

Part Three: Writing (25 marks)
VI Write a paragraph about using a sewing

machine properly with the right threads and
fabrics.

13


4 Textiles

Exercise 1 Reading

Read the text and answer the questions.
A textile is a cloth, which is either woven by hand or machine. “Textile” has traditionally meant “a
woven fabric”. Different types include cotton, wool, silk, nylon and polyester. The term textile comes
from the Latin word tex ere, meaning to weave.

Fibres are the raw materials for all fabrics. Some fibres occur in
nature. These natural fibres come from plants, animals and minerals.
Modern science has learned how to produce fibres by chemical and
technical means. Plants provide more textile fibres than animals or
minerals. Cotton fibres produce soft, absorbent fabrics that are widely
used for clothing, sheets and towels. Fibres of the flax plant are made
into linen. The strength and beauty of linen has made it a popular
fabric for fine tablecloths and napkins.

The main animal fibre used for textiles is wool. Silk, another animal
fibre, produces one of the most luxurious fabrics. Sheep supply most of
the wool, but members of the camel family and some goats also
supply wool. Wool provides warm, comfortable fabrics for dresses, suits
and sweaters. Fabrics made from silk fibres have great lustre and
softness and can be dyed brilliant colours.

Most manufactured fibres are made from wood pulp, cotton linters
or petrochemicals. Petrochemicals are chemicals made from crude oil
and natural gas. The chief fibres manufactured from petrochemicals
include nylon, polyester, acrylic and olefin. Nylon has exceptional
strength, wears well and is easy to launder. Products such as conveyor
belts and fire hoses are also made of nylon.
Questions
1 Give titles for the text and each paragraph.
2 How many types of textiles are described in the text? Make a table that compares and contrasts
each type.
3 Explain the words in bold.
4 Write a conclusion for the text.
14


Unit 4

Exercise 2 Vocabulary
Match the following pictures with their labels, descriptions and origins.
A

C

B

D

Labels
Lambdoidal tweed wool / Swatch cotton flannel swatch / Churro wool blended with black llama fibre /

Cotton bush
Descriptions
Soft and smooth texture / A coarse woollen fabric made in twill weave, preferred in casual wear for
example those in academia / Taken from animals in the Caprinae family, principally sheep /
Characterised by ease, softness and shagginess / Cellulose fibres
Origins
It’s probably an alteration of Scots tweed, influenced by the river Tweed that flows along the border
between England and Scotland / Two possible derivations have been suggested: from Welsh gwlanen
(woolen article) or from Old French fl aine (a kind of coarse wool, blanket) / From Old English wull /
Via French and Italian from Arabic q utun / From French pluche, a variant of peluche, from Latin pilus
(hair).

Exercise 3 Grammar
Rewrite the sentences as reported speech using the words in brackets as a guide.
1 “I don’t like polyester,” she said. ( She said that ...)
2 “This fabric is damaged,” said the angry customer. ( ... complained that ...)
3 “ Company profits are up,” said the Director. (... announced that ...)
4 “Yes, it’s a good idea,” he said. (... agreed that ...)
5 “ I don’t know which blanket is better,” she said to Huda. ( She told ...)
6 “They’ll probably move on the 24th,” he said. (He said that ...)
7 “I wouldn’t be able to finish the dress,” the woman said. (The woman said ...)

15


Exercise 4 Speaking
Work in pairs. Choose one country, search for information on the Internet about the textiles they make
and write a paragraph that you will present orally to your classmates. You should include information
about what type it is, how it is made, how popular it is around the world, etc.

16


5 Tailor’s Tools

Exercise 1 Vocabulary

Write the words in brackets in their correct form.
T ailoring E qu ipment
So that the best results may be obtained in the (develop) ( 1)
of tailored
garments, a certain amount of equipment is necessary. M any of these articles are in common (usage)
( 2)
in the home so first see what equipment you have on hand that may be utilised,
for your
and then provide as much new equipment as you consider (essentially) ( 3)
purpose. (V ariety) ( 4)
kinds of tailoring equipment are (need) ( 5)
; even
though some of these are not an actual (necessary) ( 6)
for home use, might be
considered a (convenient) ( 7)
. It is important that you gain a very clear (understand)
( 8)
of their (appear) ( 9)
and use so that when you are ever called upon to
do such work you will be familiar with all the (equip) ( 10)
.

Exercise 2 Grammar

Rewrite the following as conditional sentences.
1 They are going to weave these fabrics, so they can increase their production.
2 They never listen to their customers’ comments and suggestions, so they are not able to improve
their online services.
3 Tailors have a competitive market because they are increasing in number.
4 Buy a larger size and ask a tailor to have it taken in because you are in between sizes.
5 When you have time, go visit the tailor I told you about in Hama.

17


Exercise 3 Reading
Read the text and answer the questions.

A

B

In order to obtain the best results in the
pressing of woollen materials, a heavy iron
is essential. As a rule, the flat irons used
in the home come in sets of three; it is
the heaviest of these three that is most
suitable for such work. A medium-sized or
large electric iron, the kind commonly in
use in the home, because of its weight, is
even better for tailoring than an ordinary
fl at iron.

F or the pressing of curved seams, such as

the bust and shoulder seams of coats and
dresses, and the hip seams of coats and
skirts, there is perhaps no better device
than what is commonly known by tailors
as a ham cushion. Such a cushion consists
simply of a covering of white tailors’ felt
carefully stuf f ed with rags.

C

After the seams of a sleeve of woollen or of
silk material have been joined, it is difficult
to press them open without considerable
care and effort. It is also difficult to press the
sleeve satisfactorily in its entirety without
the use of a sleeve board.

D

F or pressing and sponging or shrinking
woollen materials, a smooth, well- padded
ironing board of good size is an absolute
necessity; that is, one at least 5 feet long
and 1 2 to 1 4 inches wide, so that it will
accommodate almost any skirt.

E

Another device used in pressing tailored
work is the tailors’ press stand. Such a

stand may be made to take the place of a
ham cushion, and as it has a sleeve board
attached, it has a double utility value.

Q uestions
1 G ive the text a suitable title.
2 M atch the pictures to the following terms and their appropriate texts: Ironing B oard / Sleeve B oard /
Ham Cushion / Tailors’ Press Stand / Irons
i

ii

iii

iv

v

3 What do the words in bold mean?
4 Complete the following table with information from the text.
Tool

18

Fun ction(s)


Exercise 4 Speaking

Unit 5

The following was posted on the Internet. How would you answer such a query? Say it aloud to your
friends.
I’ve been buying a lot of tailoring tools recently, and I often want to make improvements to many of
them. That got me thinking, and led to this discussion: what tools can a skilled tailor make himself and
how can he improve the tools he already has? What tools have you made or improved upon? How? Please
share any details you’d like.

Exercise 5 Writing
Conduct more research about tailor’s tools and write a paragraph about some not mentioned in this
unit.

19


6 Upper and Lower
Exercise 1 Vocabulary

Part Sketches

Match the following definitions in brackets with a word from the box.
career

designs

dress form

figure

ornamental

paper patterns

pattern

trends

that requires both a sense of fashion and an
Clothing design is a (line of work) (1)
artistic flair . All clothing lines begin with an idea sketched on paper and become a (design used as a
guide) (2)
. To be able to design clothes, you must be able to keep up with frequently
changing (the popular taste at a given time) (3)
. A career in fashion design can be fun
and rewarding, but it also offers a competitive challenge.
Here’s how you can draw the patterns: Sketch a male or female (illustrative drawing)
(4)
, depending upon the clothes you want to design. Sketch it front and back. It’s a
good idea to make copies of this sketch so you can colour them with different skin tones and hair
colour. This will give you a better idea about how your (a plan or drawing produced to show the look
of a garment before it is made) (5)
will look with different physical characteristics. Use
your sketches as a reference and place your (sewing patterns which are generally printed on tissue
paper and sold in packets containing sewing instructions and suggestions for fabric)
(6)
on a flat surface. Unless you know the size you want the outfit to be, find a live
model and take measurements. You might consider purchasing a (simple tailor’s dummy with no
head or limbs) (7)
from a fabric shop. Recreate your sketched design on the pattern
paper with a black felt tip marker. You want to draw full size now. The arm patterns should be placed

separate from the rest of the pattern, as well as collars and any other (serving a decorative rather
than a useful purpose) (8)
extras.
M ake design notes in the upper and lower corners of your pattern, indicate design measurements
in the appropriate places on the pattern, such as arm length, bust measurements and length. You
will want to leave a little extra space to allow for fitting, which can be taken in after the project is
completed.

Exercise 2 Grammar
Choose at least two sentences with adjectives from exercise 1 and rewrite them in the superlative
form.

20


Exercise 3 Reading

Unit 6

Read the text and rearrange the steps in the correct order, then answer the questions.

A Creating clothing designs is a process that allows you to consider the relationship between the
fabric and the body. F ollow a few tips to learn how to begin draping and designing your own garments.
B B egin draping your fabric. J ust as it sounds, draping is literally a freehand placement of your fabric
on the dress form and adjusting or cutting into a pattern of your choice. Wrap your fabric in the style
of your future garment and be sure you have enough fabric. As you lay the fabric over your dress form,
ensure your centre seam line is accurate and any pattern or grain in your fabric matches up on either
side. Use pins to secure your fabric in place, but never pull or tug at it. Cut and pin pieces of fabric into
a pattern, based on how you see the fabric fitting on your dress form. As you proceed, your garment
will take a shape. Keep your drawing close by for reference.

C B egin sketching your clothing design on blank white paper. Take into consideration folds and details
of the garment, as well as colour and fabric choice. Use colour pencils to add colour to the garment
sketch if you wish, or keep the design black and white until you complete the structure and are ready
to make fabric choices.
D G et comfortable with the measurements of your dress form and compare them to your final product.
Your dress form should match the body that will wear the clothing. It also helps to mark the centre line
of your dress form for clear, accurate draping.
E Using a fabric pencil or chalk, draw on the seams and other sewing instructions, like darts. Taking
your fabric off your form, use your markings to trace a pattern on your pattern paper and include the
space of at least 1 inch for your seams and other technical allowances. Cut your fabric to match your
pattern, and re-pin onto your dress form for adjustments. Use a temporary stitch until you ensure that
the garment fits you, and then machine-stitch your final garment.
F V isit a fabric shop and purchase your fabric. L ightweight fabrics of simple design are easier for
beginners. E nvision your drawn design and how the fabric will take shape into the image you
constructed. Choose colours and textures to complement your design. B uy enough fabric to complete
your design, and don’t forget details like buttons.
Questions
1 G ive the text a suitable title.
2 F ind in the text words that mean
a clothes
b selections
c buy
d suits
e correct
f changes
3 Do you think it is an easy job to create clothing?
Why or why not?

21

Exercise 4 Writing and Speaking
Stencilling on fabric is an interesting way to create quilts that have themes or make a
statement. For example if you chose a fabric with a harvest theme or colour scheme you
might create a wheat motif quilt square using stencils and fabric paint.
Work in groups and do some research about stencilling on fabric. Share your findings with other
members of your group. Write a summary of your findings and give it to your teacher.

22


Part One: Reading comprehension
(35 marks)

Test 2

I Read the text then answer the following
questions.
Pattern making is an art. It is the art of
manipulating and shaping a flat piece of fabric
to conform to a human figure. The study of
pattern making involves a combination of three
basic factors.
Technical methods rely on steps of a
procedure that are common to the creation of
almost any pattern. With a little careful study
and practice they are easily mastered and
become the foundation of all pattern making.
Craftsmanship is essential to good pattern
design. It is the ability to do something neatly

to produce any article. To some people, this
may be a natural skill. To others, this desire
for perfection must be cultivated, but it can
be acquired through constant practice. Artistry
in pattern designing is clearly revealed in the
muslin proof. At that stage, the designer sees
his paper pattern design actually draped upon
the curves of the model form or the individual.
His artistic sense will be manifested in wellproportioned lines, in carefully placed darts and
in the spacing between pleats and tucks.
M ost modern designers today learn pattern
making. It gives them a deeper insight into their
creative work and, if the pattern maker is lacking
in artistic sense, they can inform him regarding
the final proportions for the finished garment.
Questions
1 Define pattern making.
2 N ame the three basic factors that the text
presents regarding pattern making.
3 Why is pattern making important for designers?
4 M atch the following words with their
definitions.
a manipulate
1 process
b procedure
2 wrapped
c master
3 developed
d cultivated
4 control

e draped
5 become good at

Part Two: Grammar and structure
(60 marks)
II Fill the text with words from the list.
collar

curve
garment
tailor’s ham
pressing
retain

A (1)
is used when
(2)
any curved surface to help
shape the (3)
of the garment to fit
the curve of the body. It is also used to
(4)
a curve when basting, pressing,
or shaping a curved section of a (5)
such as darts, hip line seams, sleeve caps,
(6)
rolls, etc.
III Complete the dialogue.
Woman: M ay I ask you how you select and use
patterns?

Tailor: Sure. (1)
Woman: What do we do if the bust measure of
the pattern comes in alternate even
sizes, 36, 38 40, and one is a between
size, as 35, 37, 39?
Tailor: In this case, it is usually better to
choose (2)
Woman: Any other tips you can give me about
purchasing patterns?
Tailor: Yes. When purchasing coat or jacket
patterns,(3)
.
However, skirt patterns (4)
.
Woman: I see. What should I take into
consideration when I choose a pattern?
Tailor: In choosing a pattern you should
consider (5)
.
Woman: What about the width of the material?
Tailor: (6)
.
Woman: Any final tips about selection and usage
of patterns?
Tailor: Yes. You need to pay attention to the
(7)
.
Woman: Of course! Thank you.

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