HOW TO WRITE AN OPINION ESSAY

Sở Giáo Dục – Đào tạo tỉnh Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu
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SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM
Cấp tỉnh
Năm học 2015 – 2016

HOW TO WRITE AN OPINION
ESSAY

ĐINH HỮU PHÚ CƯỜNG
Tổ tiếng Anh
Trường THPT Nguyễn Du

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HOW TO WRITE AN OPINION ESSAY

English 12

A. INTRODUCTION
I. THE REASONS FOR RESEARCH
1. The logical choice.
Writing is one of the necessary skills to communicate,
especially, in a world of mess media in which we are not only good at
understanding information but also effective in presenting our thoughts
through writing skill. My research is just a little part amongst other
numerous literary tasks.

2. The practical reasons.
English of High school curriculum is intended as a
purposefully spiral ramp, which means students meet the same learning
material three times with increasing difficulty during high school time.
If students master this, it does not matter. Otherwise, it would be a big
problem for them to continue their studies afterwards especially at
university or at future work. I have chosen this topic in hope to help
students be more confident in writing essays at medium levels and then
towards more difficult levels.

II. GOALS AND METHODS OF THIS RESEARCH
1. Goals:
My two main goals are to find out the difficulties in writing an
essay and how to deal with those difficulties, particularly for the
students to fully achieve good results in writing an academic essay
which is useful in their school studies and may be in international tests
later on.
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2. Methods:

It is based on my teaching experience, which has never been a
failure at finishing a lecture without any success from students.
I have consulted a lot of documents from good English
teaching books and from experienced colleagues.

III. PROVINCE OF RESEARCH
I have decided on this writing skill due to the Writing Part in
the GCSE in 2015 and the writing lessons of English 12. This
technique is supposed to be most material to every student who wants
to master their writing in higher levels, which are likely to be served
useful purposes.

IV. RESEARCH SUPPOSITIONS
My studies attempt to ascertain the difficulties that students
often meet with: they do not know how to make a suitable introduction
to each kind of essay or develop the topics to the essay body. As a
result, students simply follow what to be taught without brainstorming.
I intentionally supply students with a practical method in order to
dispose of a characterized question of English writing.

V. THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS
1. Theoretical basis:
English has become a world language. People speaking English
fall into one of three groups: those who have learned it as their native
language; those who have learned it as a second language in a society
that is mainly bilingual; and those who are forced to use it for a
practical purpose administrative, professional or educational.
Vietnamese students are taught English as one of the core subjects
besides literature and maths. In order for Vietnamese students to be
confident in using their English, teachers need not only to supply them

with necessary language skills but also to motivate them in daily
teaching activities.
SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM CẤP TỈNH – ĐINH HỮU PHÚ CƯỜNG – GV THPT NGUYỄN DU/ Page


2. Practical basis:
Finding themselves without being able to write a meaningful
sentence or a persuasive paragraph, most Vietnamese students tend to
lose heart and hide themselves learning science subjects as a way of
showing off! We have mislaid a large number of English potential
persons. We often blame for such poor contents of textbooks. In fact,
we do not often pay special attention to teaching and are not
enthusiastic enough to be a mine of information about all forms of
teaching.

VI. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
I began this research in school year 2013 – 2014 with 12A 1 and
12A , 2014 – 2015 with 12A5 and 12A8, and I am doing this research
with 12A1 and 12A10 in school year 2015 – 2016. Year after year, the
deeper the research, the better the results, which enables me to analyze
details and essential features in order to conduct a grammatically and
stylishly standard writing, which must be very helpful for my students to
do their writing test in the coming examinations.
8

B. CONTENT
I. REALITY AND CONFLICTS
For years English has been considered as one of the core
subjects in the education syllabus, some of students are beginning to
define the role of English in their further studies. However, they find it

hard to be satisfied with the materials from their English textbooks
being used at school. We are, the English teachers, not in the same
outlook on the way to help students reach their potential language skills
because the Vietnamese textbook writers seem to be so over-ambitious
that they present most of writing talk in a comparatively short 3-year
high school education programme without giving teachers reliable
teaching methods. There is an unspoken assumption in the present
curriculum that is abundantly clear for everyone. Therefore, teachers
are always under pressure of time in class and of the fulfillment of a
class organizer.
SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM CẤP TỈNH – ĐINH HỮU PHÚ CƯỜNG – GV THPT NGUYỄN DU/ Page


If I chase after the tasks in the textbook, I often finish my
lecture on time with a vague feeling that maybe my students can
understand and do the same task in their real life. Consequently, the
way my students have done the same task disappoints me. Otherwise, I
am short of time. In order to solve the time problem, I am forced to
give this lecture in double periods, which means I have to shorten the
next lessons and I am genuinely motivated by the results from the
writing test.

II. SOME SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
In order for students to improve their writing, I divide this
writing task into two levels. The low level reserved for the students
who can distinguish the essay part and put the essay part into order. For
the students with higher level, they themselves can develop the ideas in
each essay part based on the outline made out by both students and the
teacher.
However, the first stage is to help students to have careful

overview of the opinion essay, which lessens the pressure to face with
writing too many words, too many ideas and too many points of view.
And then I give students the step-by-step instructions to make
the directing introduction and situation introduction, to establish the
main body and conclude the essay.

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THE OVERVIEW OF
A FIVE-PARAGRAGH ESSAY
analyze
discuss
describe

- look at
- outline
- focus on

- examine
- consider
- decide

This essay will describe some of the problems
In this essay, I will discuss some arguments for and against
This essay will look at some of the arguments

Parag
raph
1

Essay Part
INTRODUCT
ORY
PARAGRAPH

2

3

MAIN BODY

4
5
CONCLUSIO
N

Content
CLEARLY:
- present the topic
- state your opinion
- present what to be discussed
- topic sentence 1
- develop the first reason or give facts,
statistics or examples
- transition
- topic sentence 2
- develop the second reason or give
facts, statistics or examples
- transition

- present the opposing viewpoint
- explain the reason why you think it is
an unconvincing viewpoint.
- include clear transition words
- restate the main points using different
wording
- possibly finish with a call to action

In conclusion,
- To conclude,
Finally,
- To sum up,
As previously stated,
- Finally,
In a word,
- In brief,
In conclusion,
- In the final analysis,
On the whole,
- To summarize,
In summary,
points
into
consideration,
SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM CẤPTaking
TỈNH – these
ĐINH HỮU
PHÚ
CƯỜNG
– GV THPT NGUYỄN DU/ Page

HOW TO MAKE THE INTRODUCTION
There are many ways to make a good introduction;
however, I have chosen the two possible methods for my students
because these can be the root from which students highly develop
their writing skill.

METHOD 1: DIRECTING INTRODUCTION
Step 1: to have a clear conception of introductory paragraph.

How to write

Sentence 1

Sentence 2

Sentence 3

State opinion

Present the topic

Present what to be
discussed

Topic


Men build the

house and
women make it
home

In order to enjoy
the happiness of
the family, both
the husband and
the wife have to
join hands

which means men
build the house and
women make it home

Men and women
have different duties
but lead to the same
purpose.

Step 2: to ask students to produce SENTENCE 2.

How to write

Sentence 1

Sentence 2

Sentence 3

State opinion

Present the topic

Present what to be
discussed

Topic


A family is a
base for the
society

The prosperity of
family
contributes to
this of society.

It is in the family
that support
children’s physical
and mental
development.

The sentence expected is “ so people can say a family is a
base for the society .”
SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM CẤP TỈNH – ĐINH HỮU PHÚ CƯỜNG – GV THPT NGUYỄN DU/ Page

Step 3: to ask students to produce SENTENCES 2 & 3.

How to write
Topic


The size of a
family is
becoming
smaller and
smaller

Sentence 1

Sentence 2

Sentence 3

State opinion

Present the topic

Present what to be
discussed

People have more
interests outside home.
In addition, financial
problems urge people
think twice about the

number of children in
a modern family.

The sentences expected are “ that is the reason why the size
of a family is becoming smaller and smaller. This essay will
discuss the reasons for this and provide some advantages and
disadvantages ”

Step 4: to ask students to produce the whole paragraph.
How to write
Topic

Sentence 1

Sentence 2

Sentence 3

State opinion

Present the topic

Present what to be
discussed


The better the
education in a
country is, the
more powerful

the country is

The whole paragraph expected is “The development of a
country depends on the advance of education, so the better
the education in a country is, the more powerful the country
is. In this essay, I will discuss the main reasons.”

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METHOD 2: SITUATION INTRODUCTION
Step 1: to have a clear conception of introductory paragraph.

How to write

Sentence 1

Sentence 2

Sentence 3

Present situation

Other present situation

The thesis

Topic



In recent
times, there
is more and
more
violence at
school.
What are
the causes
of this? How
to do with
these
problems?

In the past years but also in rural areas.
there has been an
increasing
violence
happening at
schools not only
in town

This essay will
discuss the reasons
for this and how its
disadvantages effect
on society.

Step 2: to ask students to produce SENTENCE 3.

How to write

Topic


Old parents
should live
children

Sentence 1

Sentence 2

Sentence 3

Present situation

Other present situation

The thesis

Most countries
in Asia, old
parents live with
their children.

However, the fact that
families do not live
with old parents is
increasing.

SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM CẤP TỈNH – ĐINH HỮU PHÚ CƯỜNG – GV THPT NGUYỄN DU/ Page

The sentence expected is “This essay will examine some of
the advantages and disadvantages.”

SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM CẤP TỈNH – ĐINH HỮU PHÚ CƯỜNG – GV THPT NGUYỄN DU/ Page


Step 3: to ask students to produce SENTENCES 2 & 3.

How to write

Sentence 1

Sentence 2

Sentence 3

Present situation

Other present situation

The thesis

Topic


Should students
get part time
jobs?

In foreign
countries, it is
very common
when students
get part time
jobs because it
is one of the
programmers at
school

The sentences expected are “However, the situation is
different in Vietnam. Most Vietnamese students do
nothing but focusing on their studies. This essay will
provide some advantages and disadvantages of getting
part time jobs.”

Step 4: to ask students to produce the whole paragraph.
How to write
Topic

Sentence 1

Sentence 2

Sentence 3

Past situation

Present situation

The thesis


The size of a
family is
becoming
smaller and
smaller

The whole paragraph expected is “People used to live in a
big-sized family because they needed to help each other.
However, the situation has changed a lot. People often
SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM CẤP TỈNH – ĐINH HỮU PHÚ CƯỜNG – GV THPT NGUYỄN DU/ Page


have few children. This essay will discuss the reasons
why the size of a family is becoming smaller.”

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HOW TO ESTABLISH THE MAIN BODY
Although this kind of essay is called a 5-paragraph one, there are
not always five paragraphs in each essay. Paragraph 3 of the main body is
written only when people need to explain more the reason why it is an
unconvincing viewpoint.

Step 1: to have a clear conception of main body.

Introductory
paragraph

In order to enjoy the happiness of the family, both the
husband and the wife have to join hands, which means men
build the house and women make it home. Men and women
have different duties but lead to the same purpose.
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
(not always necessary)

How to write

Paragraph 2

Men build
the house
and
women
make it
home

Paragraph 1



Paragraph 3

Conclusion

The topic sentence

Explanation

Transition

commonly men are
considered as the
people who bring
home with money

It is the money that
supports the life of a
family and ensures
the stability of a
family

However a family
is a living entity
which needs both
money and love.

a good family
should be built on
love, which comes
from women

The existence of the
mother in a family

is very important
not only because of
the good meals, the
orderliness from her

but also because
of her love,
sympathy and
support

the sharing with
the jobs both
domestic and
social is necessary,

which can
strengthen the
relationship among
family member.

In conclusion, I would like to stress that all these
actions will make a family happier also help children grow up
in a loving and responsible environment. And in the future they
will be active doers for building the house or making it home.

SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM CẤP TỈNH – ĐINH HỮU PHÚ CƯỜNG – GV THPT NGUYỄN DU/ Page


Step 2: to ask students to produce SECTION 3 of paragraphs 1&2

Introductory
paragraph

The prosperity of family contributes to this of society.
Therefore, it is said a family is a base for the society. It is in the
family that supports children’s physical and mental
development.
SECTION 1

SECTION 2

SECTION 3
(not always necessary)

How to write
Paragraph 1


Paragraph 2

A family is
a base for
the society

Paragraph
3

Conclusion

The topic

sentence

Explanation

Transition

To start with the
physical aspect,

children are brought up
with enough healthy
food and nice clothes.

Ⓐ

In the second
place is the
mental aspect:

children are taught not
only the natural virtues
such as the sense of
responsibility, the
respect of dignity,
tolerance and piety but
also religious matters

Ⓑ

In contrast,

they should be collected
children without and educated by
parents
parental educators so
that they can fulfill their
true potential.
To conclude, it is clear that the physical and mental
aspects enable children to reach their complete value. These
well-educated children are active builders to contribute to
society.

What expected is
Ⓐ→ “Like a plant which needs water and sunlight, mind is very
important to the development of children besides physical aspect” or
“Children cannot mature physically but emotionally”
Ⓑ→ However, not every child is covered with parental love owing to

war, deadly diseases and even their parents’ failure of marriage.
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Step 3: to ask students to produce SECTIONS 2&3 of paragraphs 1&2

Introductory
paragraph

In the past years there has been an increasing
violence happening at schools not only in town but
also in rural areas. This essay will discuss the reasons
for this and how its disadvantages effect on society.

SECTION 1

How to write

Conclusion

The topic sentence

Explanation

Transition

The reasons for this
tendency belong to
family and school.

Ⓐ

Ⓒ

Paragraph 2

In recent times,
there is more
and more
violence at
school.
What are the
causes of this?
How to do with

these
problems?

SECTION 3
(not always necessary)

Para 1



SECTION 2

Conversely, violence
developing at school
causes so many
problems to students
and society.

Ⓑ

Ⓓ

To sum up, there is an expanding trend of
violence to school. However, the bad effects resulting
from school violence on students themselves, on
family and on society are possibly satisfactorily
tackled if the people involved in pay some more
attention to these.

SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM CẤP TỈNH – ĐINH HỮU PHÚ CƯỜNG – GV THPT NGUYỄN DU/ Page

What expected are
Ⓐ→ First, it is the increasing divorces that children lack of love and
care from their parents. In addition to this, the curriculum at school
seems not to focus on helping children gaining cardinal virtues such
as love, forgiveness and sense of honour. Last but not least, students
both male and female play computer games with too many fighting
scenes.
Ⓑ→ One of the possible ways to combat the problem is to cover
every student with love and tolerance especially the child whose
family is disorder. Secondly, there should be more lessons about
cardinal virtues rather than science lessons. Finally students should
be taught how to manage their time.
Ⓒ→ students need be passionately cared for by their parents and
teachers in order to grow up in a balanced way.
Ⓓ→ A student needs to become a good civilian before an
intellectual civilian.

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Step 4: to ask students to produce SECTION 1 of paragraphs 1&2

Introductory
paragraph
How to write

Paragraph 1


Paragraph 2

Old
parents
should live
children

Conclusion

Most countries in Asia, old parents live with their
children. However, the fact that families do not live with old
parents is increasing. This essay will examine some of the
advantages and disadvantages.
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
(not always necessary)

The topic
sentence

Explanation

Transition

First, young parents can learn
However, that
how to take care of their kids
old parents live

from grandparents. Second,
with children is
children can learn valuable
not always
Ⓐ
experience of the way to behave smooth.
from these elderly. Finally, old
parents can help to take care of
young children when their
parents are busy at work.
The first disadvantage involving
in financial problem. The more
people there are in a family, the
more the expense is. In addtion,
Ⓑ
the argument over educating
kids between parents and
grandparents may happen
because of traditional and
modern outlook.
As previously stated, the fact that children live
together with their grandparents is fairly good. Some financial
difficulty or different standpoint may come about; however,
these drawbacks can be easily overcome by the affection and
sympathy from grandparents, parents and children.

What expected are
Ⓐ → To start with the advantages of old parents and children living in the
same roof.
Or → Three advanatages can be given to justify the benifit of living with old

parents.
Ⓑ → On the other hand, there are some disadvantages when old parents live
together with children.
Or → The fact that three generations live together can bring about some
drawbacks.

Step 5: to ask students to produce the whole main body.
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Introductory
paragraph

In foreign countries, it is very common when
students get part time jobs because it is one of the
programmes at school. However, the situation is different in
Vietnam. Most Vietnamese students do nothing but
focusing on their studies. This essay will provide some
advantages and disadvantages of getting part time jobs.
SECTION 1

SECTION 2

How to write
Explanation

Transition

Ⓐ

Ⓔ

Ⓘ

Para 2

Ⓑ

Ⓕ

Para 3

Should
students get
part time
jobs?

The topic sentence

Para 1



SECTION 3
(not always necessary)

Ⓒ

Ⓗ

Conclusion

As previously stated, doing a part time job can
bring many advantages to students. Notwithstanding, there
should be a reasonable balance between academic and
practical work because managing time is a necessary skill
that students have to obtain if they want to be successful in
their future job.

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What expected are
Ⓐ → To begin with the application of theoretical knowledge to
realization.
Ⓑ → Apart from that, there is also a social advantage.
Ⓒ → In contrast, a part time job can cause some problems.
Or On the other hand, a part time job can result in some problems
Ⓔ → The students with a part time job can have a chance to
practise the knowledge that they have studied at school. Therefore,
they get much usefully practical experience during their time at
university.
Ⓕ → Taking a part time job is the time for students to accumulate
some social skills. For example, a student who works at a restaurant
can learn many life lessons such as communication skill, persuasion
skills and confidence.
Ⓗ → First, doing a part time job takes time. Second, they attract so
much importance to earning money rather than studies.
Ⓘ→ However, the realization of knowledge is not the only.
Or The realization of knowledge which is not, however, the only.

.
.

HOW TO CONCLUDE THE ESSAY
After teaching students how to make a good introduction, I help students
conclude their essay. There is always a crucial link between the three parts
of the essay especially in the conclusion, which often has the same idea as
the introduction, only in different words.
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Step 1: to have a clear conception of conclusion.

Introductory
paragraph

How to write

In order to enjoy the happiness of the family, both the
husband and the wife have to join hands, which means men
build the house and women make it home. Men and women
have different duties but lead to the same purpose.
Sentence 1

Sentence 2

Sentence 3
(not always necessary)

Topic


Men build the
house and
women make it
home

Transition word

Restate the main
points using
different wording

Finish with an
outlook for the
future

In conclusion,

I would like to
stress that all these
actions will make a
family happier also
help children grow
up in a loving and
responsible
environment.

And in the future

they will be active
doers for building
the house or
making it home.

SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM CẤP TỈNH – ĐINH HỮU PHÚ CƯỜNG – GV THPT NGUYỄN DU/ Page


Step 2: to ask students to produce SENTENCE 1.

Introductory
paragraph

The prosperity of family contributes to this of society.
Therefore, it is said a family is a base for the society. It is in the
family that supports children’s physical and mental
development.

How to write
Sentence 1

Sentence 2

Sentence 3
(not always necessary)

Topic
Transition word



A family is a
base for the
society

Restate the main
points using
different wording

Finish with an
outlook for the
future

The physical and
mental aspects
enable children to
reach their
complete value.

These welleducated children
are active builders
to contribute to
society.

The sentence expected is “To conclude, it is clear that”

SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM CẤP TỈNH – ĐINH HỮU PHÚ CƯỜNG – GV THPT NGUYỄN DU/ Page


Step 3: to ask students to produce SENTENCES 1&2.

Introductory
paragraph

How to write

In the past years there has been an increasing
violence to happen at schools not only in town but also in
rural areas. This essay will discuss the reasons for this and
how its disadvantages effect on society.

Sentence 1

Sentence 3
(not always necessary)

Transition word
Topic

Sentence 2
Restate the main
points using
different wording


In recent times,
there is more
and more
violence at
school.
What are the

causes of this?
How to do with
these problems?
.

The sentences expected are “To sum up , there is an
expanding trend of violence to school. However, the bad
effects resulting from school violence on students
themselves, on family and on society are possibly
satisfactorily tackled if the people involved in pay some
more attention to these”

SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM CẤP TỈNH – ĐINH HỮU PHÚ CƯỜNG – GV THPT NGUYỄN DU/ Page


Step 4: to ask students to produce the whole paragraph.

Introductory
paragraph

How to write

In foreign countries, it is very common when
students get part time jobs because it is one of the
programmes at school. However, the situation is different in
Vietnam. Most Vietnamese students do nothing but
focusing on their studies. This essay will provide some
advantages and disadvantages of getting part time jobs.
Sentence 1

Sentence 2

Sentence 3
(not always necessary)

Transition word

Topic

Restate the main
points using
different wording

Finish with an
outlook for the
future


Should students
get part time
jobs?

The sentences expected are “As previously stated, doing a
part time job can bring many advantages to students.
Notwithstanding, there should be a reasonable balance
between academic and practical work because managing
time is a necessary skill that students have to obtain if
they want to be successful in their future job.”

SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM CẤP TỈNH – ĐINH HỮU PHÚ CƯỜNG – GV THPT NGUYỄN DU/ Page

III. WHAT TO HAVE ACHIEVED AFTER APPLYING THE
RESEARCH.

1. I have systematized the details of writing an opinion essay into order
like this:
HOW TO MAKE THE INTRODUCTION
Step
1
2
3
4

Task
Understanding
Use of language
Use of language
Use of language

Aim
conception statement
sentence building
sentence building
sentence building

Desirable achievement
great satisfaction
excitement
satisfaction

great satisfaction

HOW TO ESTABLISH THE MAIN BODY
Step
1
2
3
4
5

Task
Understanding
Idea expression
Idea expression
Idea expression
Idea expression

Aim
conception statement
writing capacity
writing capacity
writing capacity
writing capacity

Desirable achievement
excitement
more excitement
satisfaction
great satisfaction
great satisfaction

HOW TO CONCLUDE THE ESSAY
Step
1
2
3
4

Task
Understanding
Use of language
Idea expression
Idea expression

Aim
conception statement
shape statement
writing capacity
writing capacity

Desirable achievement
excitement
more excitement
more excitement
great satisfaction

SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM CẤP TỈNH – ĐINH HỮU PHÚ CƯỜNG – GV THPT NGUYỄN DU/ Page


2. The achievements I have recorded for the 3 school years are:

12A1 and 12A8 (school year 2013 – 2014)
(20-minute test)

Number of
students

Class
Testing
unit
Referenc
e unit

12A8

37

12A1

36

5

Students’ points
Less
More
5 → 7.5
than 5
than 8
12

19
6
27.03%
10

56.76%
23

16.22%
3

27.78%

63.89%

8.33%

8

12A and 12A (school year 2014 – 2015)
(20-minute test)

Number of
students

Class
Testing
unit
Referenc
e unit

12A5

39

12A8

35

Students’ points
Less
More
5 → 7.5
than 5
than 8
8
19
12
20.51%
7

48.72%
20

30.77%
8

20.00%

57.14%

22.86%

12A1 and 12A10 (school year 2015 – 2016)
(The Writing Part in 45-munite test)

Number of
students

Class
Testing
unit
Referenc
e unit

12A1

38

12A10

32

Students’ points
Less
0.5 →
More
than
than 1
1.0

0.5
6
15
18
15.79%
9

39.47%
14

47.37%
9

28.13%

43.75%

28.13%

SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM CẤP TỈNH – ĐINH HỮU PHÚ CƯỜNG – GV THPT NGUYỄN DU/ Page