Tổng hợp ngữ pháp và từ vựng tiếng Anh 12

TỔNG HỢP TỪ VỰNG VÀ NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH LỚP
12 UNIT 1: HOME LIFE
A. READING
- night shift:
………………………………………….
- biology ( )
- biologist ( ): ………………………………………..
- biological ( ): ……………………………………….
- join hands: work together
………………………………………..
- (be) willing to + V1:
………………………………………..
- household chores:
……………………………………….
- run the household:
…………………………………………
- make sure
…………………………………………
- rush = hurry = go quickly (v)
……………………………………
- responsibility ( ):
…………………………………….
- responsible for (a):
…………………………………….
- take the responsibility for + V-ing: …………………………………….
- pressure (n):
…………………………………….
- (be) under pressure:
…………………………………….
- caring (a)
…………………………………..

- take out = remove:
……………………………………
- mischievous ( ):
……………………………………….
- mischief (n):
…………………………………..
- give s.o a hand = help s.o:
…………………………………..
- o‟bedient (a) ≠ disobedient (a):
………………………………….
- obedience (n): ……………………………………
- obey ( ):
………………………………….
- close – knit:
…………………………………..
- supportive of …………………………………..


- „frankly (adv): ……………………………………
- frank (a):
………………………………………
- make a decision = decide (v)
……………………………………
- solve (v):
……………………………………
- solution (
): …………………………………
- secure (a) = safe (a)
………………………………..
- security (n):

……………………………….
- (be) crowded with
…………………………………
- well – behaved (a):
…………………………………
- confidence (n): …………………………………..
- confident in s.o (a):
…………………………………….
- base (n) / based on = rely on
……………………………………
- come up = appear, happen
……………………………………
- hard-working (a) ………………………………………
- be good at
……………………………………………
Task 1 (Textbook page 14)
Task 2:
1. Who makes dinner in the family?
A. the father B. the daughter C. the son
D. the mother
2. Which one is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. There are five people in the family.
B. The father sometimes goes home late.
C. The father doesn‟t help anything in housework.
D. This family has a close-knit relationship.
3. What is the daughter attempting to do after secondary school?
A. win a place at university
B. get over the study pressure
C. help her family with the household chores
D. pass the final exam

4. How are the boys like?
A. always mischievouse
B. never active
C. quite obedient and hard working
D. sometimes obedient and hard
working
5. The word “them” in the last line refers to ________
A. feelings B. problems
C. solutions
D. weekends


B. SPEAKING + C. LISTENING
Choose the best answer
1. “____________?” – Yes, I‟d like to.
A. How do you do?
B. How about something to drink
C. What about going shopping?
D. What do you like doing?
2. I‟d like the blue jacket, please? Can you try it on?.
- “____________”
A. Yes, you would
B. Yes, you must C. Yes, certainly D. Yes, you do
3. “Thanks a lot for your wonderful gift, Tom .” _ Tom: “_____________”
A. Thank you
B Cheers.
C. Have a good day
D.
You are welcome
4. Alice: “How about having a drive to the countryside this weekend?” - Mary:

“_____________.”
A. Not at all
B. That‟s a good idea C. No, thanks
D. Let‟s go
5. An: “Do you think it will rain?” - Binh: “ Oh!__________”
A. I don‟t hope so
B. I don‟t hope
C. It‟s hopeless
D. I hope
not
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from others.
6. a. village
b. dangerous
c. gossip
d. passenger
7. a. which
b. changeable
c. each
d. characteristic
8. a. happy
b. husband
c. have
d. hour
9. a. iron
b. celebrate
c. parents
d. restaurant
10.
a. who
b. how

c. which
d. whose
11.
a. friend b. anniversary
c. birthday
d. cream
12.
a. competition
b. competitor
c. contest
d.
question
13. a. feat
b. great
c. seat
d. beat
14. a. there
b. than
c. thought
d.
though
15. a. trial
b. title
c. diverse
d. wilderness
Choose the word whose primary stress is different from others.
16.
a. biologist b. counterpart
c. compliment
d.

kindergarten
17.
a. applicant b. maximum
c. category
d. inflation
18.
a. renovation
b. dictionary
c. intervention
d. expedition
19. a. simple b. polite
c. formal
d. instant


20.
21.
22.
responsible
23.
24. a. hospital
25. a. family
D. WRITING
- share (v)
- rule (n)

a. beautiful b. terrific
a. conical b. different
a. cultural b. mischievous

c. wonderful
d. marvelous
c. romantic
d. careful
c. interesting
d.

a. financial b. service
b. obedient
b. whenever

c. order
c. supportive
c. occur

d.company
d. biology
d. solution

………………………………………….
…………………………………………

Note:
Let + O + V1: để cho ai làm việc gì
Have to / has to + V1: phải
Allow / permit + O + to-inf: cho phép ai làm việc gì
Allow / permit + V-ing: cho phép
Be allowed / permitted + to-inf: được cho phép

Ex: She let me (use) ---------------------- her pen.

Students have to (wear) --------------------------- uniform when going to school.
My mother permitted me (go) ------------------------- out with my friends.
I was allowed (go) ----------------------- out with my friends.
She doesn‟t allow (smoke) ----------------------- in her room.
EXERCISE
1. Linda has worn her new yellow dress only once since she buys it.
A
B
C
D
2. The telephone rang several times and then stop before I could answer it.
A
B C
D
3. Debbie, whose father is an excellent tennis player, has been playing tennis since ten
years.
A
B
C
D
4. I have seen lots of interesting places when I went on holiday last summer.


A B
C
D
5. I think it‟s time you change your way of living.
A
B
C

D
6. When I‟m shopping in the supermarket, I ran into an old friend who I hadn‟t met for
five years.
A
B
C
D
7. The police arrested the man while he is having dinner in a restaurant.
A
B
C
D
8. We‟ll be cycled to Hoa‟s village at this time next Sunday.
A
B
C
D
9. What will you do when your friends won‟t come ?
A B C
D
10. Some was knocking at the door when I was doing the washing up.
A
B
C
D
E. LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. PRONUNCIATION:
* Cách phát âm của –s / -es
- Có 3 cách phát âm –s hoặc –es tận cùng.
* đọc thành âm /s/ với những từ có âm cuối là / p, f, k, t, θ /

* đọc thành âm /iz/ với những từ có âm cuối là / s, z, ∫, t∫, dƷ/
* đọc thành âm /z/ với những trường hợp còn lại
- Examples:
* /s/: maps, books, hats, coughs, laughs, photographs ….
* /iz/: buses, watches, roses, washes, boxes…..
* /z/: bells, eyes, plays ….
Note: Các từ: photograph, cough, laugh có âm cuối là âm /f/
2. GRAMMAR: TENSES
1. Hiện tại đơn (Simple present)
* Công thức:
V thường
S + V1/(s/es)
S + don’t / doesn’t + V1
Wh- + do / does + S + V1…?
* Cách dùng:

to be
S + am / is / are …
S + am not / isn’t / aren’t ….
Wh - + S + is / are …?


- Chỉ thói quen ở hiện tại
Ex: She usually gets up at 6 a.m.
- Chỉ sự thật hiển nhiên, chân lý.
Ex: Water freezes at 0 degree centigrade.
- Chỉ hành động trong tương lai được đưa vào chương trình, kế hoạch.
Ex: The new school year begins on September 5th.
* Dấu hiệu:
every____ (every day, every week, every night,…..)

often, sometimes, usually, always, frequently, normally,
occasionally, as a rule……
twice a week, once a week….
2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present progressive)
* Công thức:
S + am / is / are + V-ing
S + am / is are + not + V-ing
Wh- + am / is / are + S + V-ing…?
* Cách dùng:
- Chỉ hành động đang diễn ra trong lúc nói.
Ex: Listen! Someone is knocking at the door.
I am studying English now.
- Chỉ hành động dự kiến và có kế hoạch thực hiện trong tương lai gần.
Ex: We are having a birthday party next week.
- Chỉ hành động có tính chất tạm thời
Ex: Everyday she goes to work by car, but today she is going by train.
- Với chữ always đế diễn tả một hành động làm bực bội người khác, hay một lời
phàn nàn…
Ex: He is always talking in the class.
- Hai hành động xảy ra song song ở hiện tại
Ex: She is cooking dinner while her husband is watching T.V now.
* Dấu hiệu:
- Câu bắt đầu bằng một mệnh lệnh như: Listen!, Look!, Pay attention!, Keep silent!
Be quiet! Be careful....
hoặc các từ: now, right now, at the moment, at present, today, while,
next…(chỉ một dự định)
3. Hiện tại hoàn thành (Present perfect):
* Công thức:
S + have / has + V3/-ed

S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3/-ed
Wh- + have / has + S + V3/-ed…?
* Cách dùng:
- Chỉ hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không có thời gian xác định.
Ex: I haven‟t met him before.
- Chỉ hành động vừa mới xảy ra, hay vừa mới hoàn tất.
Ex: She has just finished her homework.
- Chỉ hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong
tương lai.
Ex: My father has worked in this company for 10 years.
* Dấu hiệu:
never, ever, recently (gần đây), lately (mới đây), just (vừa mới), already (đã rồi)
since + mốc thời gian: từ, từ khi
for + khoảng thời gian,
so far, up to now, up to the present, until now: cho tới bây giờ
before (trước đây), yet, (dùng trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi)
many times, several times: nhiều lần
how long, this is the first time / the second time, four times , five times…
in the last / past + số năm in the last five years: trong năm năm qua
4. Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
* Công thức:
S + have / has + been + V-ing
S + haven’t / hasn’t + been + V-ing
Wh- + have / has + S + been + V-ing …?
* Cách dùng:
- Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong
tương lai nhưng nhấn mạnh sự liên tục của hành động.
Ex: I’ve been working here for ten years now.
* Dấu hiệu: for + khoảng thời gian + now,

5. Quá khứ đơn (Simple Past)
* Công thức:
V thường
to be
S + V2/-ed
S + was / were …
S + didn’t + V1
Wh- + did + S + V1…?
* Cách dùng:

S + wasn’t / weren’t ….
Wh - + S + was / were …?


- Một hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt ở thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex: We bought this car two years ago.
- Một thói quen trong quá khứ.
Ex: When I was young, I often went swimming with my friends in this river.
- Một chuỗi hành động trong quá khứ
Ex: I entered the room, turned on the light, went to the kitchen and had dinner.
* Dấu hiệu:
yesterday ________ ( yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon,…….)
last _______ ( last year, last night, last week, last month….)
_______ ago ( two years ago, many months ago, ten minutes
ago….)
in + year in the past ( một năm nào đó trong quá khứ: in 1999, in
2001…)
in the past, in the old times, …: trước đây, ngày xưa
6. Quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past continuous):
* Công thức:

S + was / were + V-ing
S + was / were + not + V-ing
Wh- + was / were + S + V-ing…?
* Cách dùng:
- Một hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex: What were you doing at 7 pm yesterday?
- Một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ thì một hành động khác xảy ra cắt
ngang.
Ex: Mai was watching TV when I came home.
- Hai hành động xảy ra song song trong quá khứ.
Ex: While her mother was cooking dinner, her father was reading books.
* Dấu hiệu:
At + giờ + thời gian trong quá khứ
At this/ that time + thời gian trong quá khứ
Khi hai mệnh đề nối với nhau bằng chữ when hoặc while…
Note: Hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ: hành động ngắn dùng quá khứ đơn; hành
động dài dùng quá khứ tiếp diễn.
Last night, when they were having dinner, she entered their room.
7. Quá khứ hoàn thành (Past perfect)
* Công thức:
S + had + V3/-ed


S + hadn’t + V3/-ed
Wh- + had + S + V3/-ed…?
* Cách dùng:
- Một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
Ex: He had left the house before she came.
- Một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex: We had had lunch by two o‟clock yesterday.

By the age of 25, he had written two famous novels.
* Dấu hiệu: before, after, when, by the time, as soon as, as, by + thời gian trong quá
khứ
Note: Hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ: hành động trước dùng QKHT, hành động sau
dùng QKĐ
Ex: She had finished her work before she went out.
8. Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn:
* Công thức:
S + had been + V-ing
S + hadn’t been + V-ing
Wh- + had + S + been + V-ing …?
* Cách dùng:
- Một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác hoặc trước một thời điểm trong
quá khứ nhưng nhấn mạnh đến tính liên tục của hành động.
Ex: We had been waiting for two hours before she came.
* Dấu hiệu: before, after, when, by the time, as soon as, as, by + thời gian trong quá
khứ
9. Tương lai đơn (Simple future):
* Công thức:
S + will / shall + V1
S + won’t / shan’t + V1
Wh- + will / shall + S + V1…?
* Cách dùng:
- Một hành sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai (không có dự tính)
Ex: - They will come here next week.
- The football match will be over at 7 o‟clock.
- Một lời đề nghị hay một yêu cầu (ở thể nghi vấn)
Ex: Will you go to the cinema with me?
- Một quyết định đưa ra vào thời điểm nói
Ex: The bag is very heavy. – I‟ll help you.

* Dấu hiệu:
next… ( next week, next month, …..), someday, tomorrow, soon, in + năm
trong tương lai, in the future …
Note: Để diễn tả một hành động có dự định hay một dự đoán trong tương lai, ta có thể
dùng BE GOING TO + V1:
S + am / is / are + going to + V1
Ex: - Why do you buy a lot of suger? – I‟m going to make a
cake.
- Look at those clouds! It is going to rain.
10. Tương lai tiếp diễn (Future continuous):
* Công thức:
S + will / shall + be + V-ing
S + won’t / shan’t + be + V-ing
Wh- + will / shall + S + be + V-ing …?
* Cách dùng:
- Một hành sẽ đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai.
Ex: - At 9a.m tomorrow, we will be studying Math.
* Dấu hiệu:
at + giờ trong tương lai (at 10 p.m tomorrow, at 7 pm tonight…)
at this time + thời gian tương lai (at this time next summer, at this time next
month …)
11. Tương lai hoàn thành (Future perfect):
* Công thức:
S + will have + V3/-ed
S + won’t have + V3/-ed
Wh- + will + S + have + V3/-ed…?
* Cách dùng:
- Một hành động sẽ hoàn thành trước một thời điểm hay một hành động khác trong tương

lai.
Ex: By lunch time, I will have typed five letters.
Before you go home tonight, I will have prepared dinner.
* Dấu hiệu:
by + mốc thời gian, by the time, before …
EXERCISE
I. Pronunciation:
1. A. proofs
B. books
C. points
D. days
2. A. asks
B. laughs
C. lives
D. hopes


3. A. sees
B. sports
C. pools
D. trains
4. A. tombs
B. lamps
C. brakes
D. invites
5. A. books
B. floors
C. combs
D. drums
6. A. cats

B. tapes
C. rides
D. cooks
7. A. walks
B. begins
C. helps
D. cuts
8. A. shoots
B. grounds
C. concentrates
D. forests
9. A. helps
B. coughs
C. cooks
D. finds
10. A. hours
B. fathers
C. dreams
D. thinks
11. A. beds
B. doors
C. plays
D. students
12. A. arms
B. suits
C. chairs
D. boards
13. A. boxes
B. classes
C. potatoes

D. finishes
14. A. relieves
B. invents
C. buys
D. deals
15. A. dreams
B. heals
C. kills
D. tasks
16. A. resources
B. stages
C. preserves
D. focuses
17. A. villages
B. whistles
C. assures
D. costumes
18. A. offers
B. mounts
C. kitchens
D. words
19. A. likes
B. works
C. accidents
D. names
20. A. sports
B. households
C. minds
D. plays
Choose the best answer among A, B, C, or D.

1. When I last saw him, he _____ in London.
A. has lived B. is living
C. was living
D. has been living
2. We _______ Dorothy since last Saturday.
A. don‟t see B. haven‟t seen
C. didn‟t see
D. hadn‟t seen
3. The train ______ half an hour ago.
A. has been leaving
B. left
C. has left
D. had left
4. Jack ______ the door.
A. has just painted B. paint
C. will have painted
D. painting
5. My sister ________ for you since yesterday.
A. is looking
B. was looking
C. has been looking
D. looked
6. I ______ Texas State University now.
A. am attending
B. attend
C. was attending D. attended
7. He has been selling motorbikes ________.
A. ten years ago
B. since ten years
C. for ten years ago

D. for ten years
8. Christopher Columbus _______ American more than 500 years ago.
A. discovered B. has discovered
C. had discoveredD. had been discovering
9. He fell down when he ______ towards the church.
A. run
B. runs
C. was running
D. had run


10. We _______ there when our father died.
A. still lived B. lived still
C. was still lived D. were still living
11. They ______ table tennis when their father comes back home.
A. will play
B. will be playingC. play
D. would play
12. By Christmas, I _______ for Mr. Smith for six years.
A. shall have worked
B. shall work
C. have been working D.
shall be working
13. I _______ in the room right now.
A. am being
B. was being
C. have been being
D. am
14. I ______ to New York three times this year.
A. have been

B. was
C. were
D. had been
15. I‟ll come and see you before I _______ for the States.
A. leave
B. will leave
C. have left
D. shall leave
16. The little girl asked what _______ to her friend.
A. has happened B. was happened C. had happened D. would have been
happened
17. John ______ a book when I saw him.
A. is reading B. read
C. was reading
D. reading
18. Her brother ______ in Canada at present.
A. working B. works
C. is working
D. work
19. I ______ to the same barber since last year.
A. am going
B. have been going
C. go
D. had gone
20. Her father ______ when she was a small girl.
A. dies
B. died
C. has died
D. had died
21. Almost everyone _______ for home by the time we arrived.

A. leave
B. left
C. leaves
D. had left
22. By the age of 25, he ______ two famous novels.
A. wrote
B. writes
C. has written
D. had written
23. While her husband was in the army, Mary ______ to him twice a week.
A. was reading
B. wrote
C. was written
D. had written
24. I have never played badminton before. This is the first time I _____ to play.
A. try
B. tried
C. have tried
D. am trying
25. Since _______, I have heard nothing from him.
A. he had left B. he left
C. he has left
D. he was left
26. After I _______ lunch, I looked for my bag.
A. had
B. had had
C. have has
D. have had
27. By the end of next year, George _______ English for two years.

A. will have learned
B. will learn
C. has learned
D. would learn
28. The man got out of the car, ________ round to the back and opened the book.
A. walking
B. walked
C. walks
D. walk
29. Henry _______ into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner.
A. was going B. went
C. has gone
D. did go
30. He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he ______ dinner.
A. finish
B. finishes
C. will finish
D. finishing
31. How long _____ able to drive? – since 1990.
A. could you B. have you been
C. were you
D. are you
32. They ______ since eight o‟clock.
A. are talking B. have been talking
C. talked
D. talk
33. My brother _______ in the army from 1990 to 1995.
A. served
B. has served

C. had served
D. is serving
34. At this moment, I _____ that we have a good chance of victory.
A. was feeling B. am feeling
C. feel
D. had been feeling
35. I _____ the money from him yet.
A. haven‟t received B. don‟t receive
C. will receive D. am receiving
36. This is the most interesting book _____ .
A. I‟ve read B. I had read
C. I‟ve ever readed D. I‟ve ever read
37. I ____ him ten days ago.
A. see
B. saw C. have seen
D. will see
38. At present, that author ______ a historical novel.
A. is writing B. was writing
C. has written D. had written
39. By next month, I _____ my first novel.
A. will finish B. am going to finish
C. finish
D. will have finished
40. Mr. John_______ to Los Angeles in 1992.
A. had gone B. has gone
C. went
D. was going
41. They ____the exercise when their teacher comes back.
A. are doing
B. will be doing

C. do
D. would
do
42. By Christmas, I ____ for the company for five years.
A. shall have been working
B. shall work
C. have been working
D. shall be working
43. We ______ exam at 8 o‟clock next Monday.
A. will take
B. will be taking
C. take
D. would take


44. By the end of next year, my son _______ English for six months.
A. will learn
B. will have learned
C. has learned D. had learned
45. I will contact you as soon as I ___________the information.
A. will get
B. get
C. got
D. had got
46. When I walk past the park, I saw some children playing football.
A
B
C
D
47. After John eaten dinner, he wrote several letters and went to bed.

A
B
C
D
48. What did you do at 9 o'clock last night? I was phoning you but nobody answered.
A
B
C
D
49. I think I won‟t come to the party because I had an interview for a job with a
publishing firm.
A
B
C
D
50. When you will come to Dalat next summer, I will take you round the city.
A
B
C
D