TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH unit 1 part 2

Unit 1: Paragraph to Short Essay
How a paragraph is developed to a short essay.
The organization of a short essay.


ESSAY
PARAGRAPH

•

- states the topic
- thesis statement states the controlling idea.

Topic sentence
- states the topic
- states the controlling idea

•

Concluding sentence
- summarizes the controlling idea in
the topic sentence

Body
- supports the controlling idea in the thesis
statement with a supporting point stated in the topic
sentence.

Supporting sentences
- support the controlling idea with
supporting points and details

Introduction

•

Conclusion
- summarizes the controlling idea in the thesis
statement


Topic: Reasons for Going to University
PARAGRAPH
Topic sentence
(1 sentence)

ESSAY

After graduating from high
school, many students go on
to university, but their
reasons for entering
higher education vary.
(From Chin et al., 2012)

Introduction (more than 1 sentence)

At one point or another in their high school lives, students
are faced with one big question: should they go to university?
Some students decide not to go, and the others determine to stay
another four years in classroom. Although they think that it is

worth going to university, the reasons why they think so might be
different. Students go to university for a variety of reasons:
academic interest and future career.
(From Chin et al., 2012)


Outline
ESSAY
Introduction

PARAGRAPH

•

Hook: At one point or another in their high school lives, students are
faced with one big question: should they go to university?

•

Background information:
- some decide not to go
- others determine to go

•

Thesis statement: Students go to university for a variety of reasons:
academic interest and future career.
- Topic: Students go to university
- Controlling idea: variety of reasons
- Plan: academic interest and future career

Topic sentence
Topic: their reasons for
entering higher education
Controlling idea: vary


PARAGRAPH:
Supporting point 1
First, many students
attend to study a
particular subject in
depth. Unlike high
schools, which require
students to take a wide
range of classes,
university curriculums
allow students to choose
a major. In each major, a
number of specialized
courses are offered, and
they are taught by
experts in the fields.
Moreover, universities
have various research
facilities that help
students learn.

ESSAY
Body paragraph 1

First, many students attend to study a particular subject in
depth. University curriculums allow students to choose a
major. This is significant different from high schools, which
require students to take a wide range of classes regardless
of their interests. Moreover, universities offer a number of
specialized courses in one discipline, and these courses are
taught by experts in the fields. Thus, for example, students
who are interested in politics can major in political science
and take courses about political system, political
philosophy, comparative politics, and other specific topics
related to politics. In addition, universities have various
research facilities that help students learn, such as
libraries, laboratories, and computer rooms. Such
curriculums, courses, and facilities enable students to
pursue their academic goals in the field of their choice, and
this is one of the reasons why they go to university.


Outline

PARAGRAPH

ESSAY

•

Topic sentence: First, many students attend to study a particular
subject in depth

•

Sup. Point 1: university curriculums allow students to choose a
major
+ Sup. details: - different from high schools

•

Sup. Point 2: a number of specialized courses are offered + taught
by experts in the fields
+ Sup. details: - Example: major in political science -> subjects:
political system, political philosophy, comparative politics, and
other specific topics related to politic

•

Sup. Point 3: have various research facilities that help students
learn.
+ Sup. details: giving example: libraries, laboratories, and
computer rooms

•

Concluding sentence:
- summarizing: Such curriculums, courses, and facilities enable
students to pursue their academic goals in the field of their
choice,
- emphasizing the main idea of the essay: and this is one of the
reason why they go to university.

Supporting point 1:

First, many students attend to study
a particular subject in depth.
Supporting details:
-1. university curriculums allow
students to choose a major
-2. a number of specialized courses
are offered + taught by experts in
the fields
-3. have various research facilities
that help students learn.


PARAGRAPH: Supporting point 2

ESSAY: Body paragraph 2

Another common reason for going to

Another common reason for going to university is that a college

university is that a college education

education often leads to a better career in the future. In many

often leads to a better career in the

countries, companies tend to look for university graduates to fill

future. In many countries, people

positions that have greater responsibility and higher pay, such as

with university degree tend to find
better-paying jobs than those without
them. In addition, some universities
provide students with opportunities
to acquire practical skills that can be
useful in the real world, such as

managers and supervisors. Furthermore, for certain professions
including doctors, lawyers and school teachers, a university degree is
a requirement. In addition, some universities provide students with
opportunities to acquire practical skills that can be useful in the real
world. For example, they offer courses in accounting, data
processing, and foreign languages as well as internship program in
which students can experience working in a company and learning

accounting, using computer, and

business skills. In short, some students attend university because

speaking foreign languages.

university degree and the practical skills they can acquire will bring
them better employment opportunity in the future.


Outline

Supporting point 2

Another common reason for going

•

Topic sentence: Another common reason for going to university
is that a college education often leads to a better career in the
future.

•

Sup. Point 1: people with university degree tend to find betterpaying jobs
+ Sup. details:
- 1. to fill positions that have greater responsibility and higher
pay, such as managers and supervisors.
-2. for certain professions including doctors, lawyers and school
teachers

•

Sup. Point 2: universities provide students with opportunities to
acquire practical skills
+ Sup. Details:
- giving example: courses in accounting, data processing, and
foreign languages as well as internship program

•

Concluding sentence:
- emphasizing the main idea of the essay : some students

attend university because
- summarizing : university degree and the practical skills they
can acquire will bring them better employment opportunity in
the future.

to university is that a college
education often leads to a better
career in the future.
Supporting details:
-1. people with university degree
tend to find better-paying jobs
-2. universities provide students
with opportunities to acquire
practical skills


ESSAY
Conclusion

PARAGRAPH
Concluding sentence
To sum up, students go to
university for a variety of
reasons: to study a particular
field and to find a good job.

In conclusion, students may have different
reasons for going to university. For many of them, the
main reason is to explore the academic field they are
interested in. However, some students attend

university to gain an advantage in the job market in
the future. Regardless of the reasons, it is important
for students to remember why they are in university
and do their best to achieve their goals.


Outline
ESSAY

PARAGRAPH
Concluding sentence
Emphasizing:
- students go to university for a
variety of reasons:
Summarizing:
- to study a particular field and to
find a good job.

Conclusion
- restated thesis: students may have different
reasons for going to university
- summary of main ideas:
+ the main reason is to explore the academic field
they are interested in.
+ to gain an advantage in the job market in the
future
- final comment:
It is important for students to remember why they
are in university and do their best to achieve their
goals

Comparison of the two organizations

•

Essay organization
1. Introduction: tells the reader the essay’s topic, purpose and main idea
+ Hook: get the reader’s interest

Paragraph organization

1.
2.

Topic sentence: presents the
topic and the controlling idea
of the paragraph.
Supporting sentences:
- Supporting point 1
+ Sup. Details
- Supporting point 2
+ Sup. Details

+ Background inf.: helps the readers understand more about the topic
+ Thesis statement: topic of the essay, writer’s position/opinion to the topic, the main idea that will be used
to support the writer’s position (plan – optional)
2. Body: is to explain, illustrate, discuss or prove the thesis statement
- Body paragraph 1: main idea 1
- Supporting point 1

+ Sup. Details
- Supporting point 2
+ Sup. Details
- Concluding sentence
- Body paragraph 2: main idea 2

3.

Concluding sentence: restates the controlling idea
- summarizes the supporting
points.

- Supporting point 1
+ Sup. Details
- Supporting point 2
+ Sup. Details
- Concluding sentence
3. Conclusion: to reinforce the ideas in the essay
- restated thesis, - summary of the main ideas, - final comment


The organization of an essay

•

1. Introduction: tells the reader the essay’s topic, purpose and main idea
+ Hook: get the reader’s interest
+ Background inf.: helps the readers understand more about the topic
+ Thesis statement: topic of the essay, writer’s position/opinion to the topic, the main
idea that will be used to support the writer’s position (plan – optional)

2. Body: is to explain, illustrate, discuss or prove the thesis statement
- Body paragraph 1:
Topic sentence
Supporting sentences
- Supporting point 1
+ Sup. Details
- Supporting point 2
+ Sup. Details
Concluding sentence
- Body paragraph 2:
Topic sentence
Supporting sentences
- Supporting point 1
+ Sup. Details
- Supporting point 2
+ Sup. Details
Concluding sentence
3. Conclusion: to reinforce the ideas in the essay
- restated thesis,
- summary of the main ideas,
- final comment/final thought


Introductory Paragraph

What is the
introductory
paragraph?

- informs the essay’s topic, purpose of the essay, and main ideas to be

presented in the body paragraphs
- consists of three parts: a hook, background information, and a thesis
statement
A HOOK

•
•
What is a hook?
What are some
common types of
hooks?

- creates interest in the topic, encourages the readers to keep reading
-

an eye-catching statement
a quotation/ a question
a surprising statistic
a general truth


- What kinds of information
about the topic should
be included in the
background information?

BACKGROUND INFORMATION
-

history of the topic

the current situation regarding the topic
relevant statistics
attitudes/ opinion towards the topic

- What are the ways to
organize the background
information?

- from general information to specific information,
- from older information to new information


THESIS STATEMENT

-What should a thesis
statement contain?

-Where is the thesis

statement usually located?

-How long is a thesis
statement?

- topic of the essay,
- writer’s position/opinion /approach to the topic,
- the main ideas that will be used to support the
writer’s position (plan)
- at the end of the introductory paragraph

- in one sentence


Body paragraphs
- How many body paragraphs are there
in an essay?

-

What is the purpose of the body
paragraph?

- How many ideas should each body
paragraph focus on?

- What techniques should the
supporting sentences use?

- at least 1 paragraph

- providing evidence and explanation to support the
controlling idea in the thesis statement.
- one main idea that support the thesis statement(usually
stated in the plan)

- stating a reason
- providing evidence
- providing an explanation

Concluding paragraph
- reinforcing the ideas in the essay
- What is the function of the concluding
paragraph?

-

Why is it important?

- making an impact on the readers

- restating the thesis statement,
- summarizing the main ideas,
- What should it include?

- giving final thought

- definitely no
- Should it include new ideas?


Thank you for participating in the
lesson!