Cac dang dac biet(conditional sentence)

( Đặng Văn Dơng - Trờng THCS Đại Tự - Yên Lạc - Vĩnh Phúc)
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Conditional sentences
I. Các câu điều kiện cơ bản:
1. Câu điều kiện chỉ khả năng: Dùng để diễn tả một sự kiện có thể hoặc không thể xảy ra
trong hiện tại, quá khứ hoặc tơng lai.
Loại I: If + S + V( simple) + O, S + Will/ can +V ( bare)
a. Hiện tại:
Eg: If you are right, I am wrong.
If you help me, I will help you.
b. Tơng lai:
Eg: If it's a fine day tomorrow, we'll go for a picnic.
c. Quá khứ:
Eg: If I said that, I apologize
2. Câu giả thiết: Để giả thiết một sự việc trái với hiện tại hoăc không thể xảy ra trong t ơng
lai, hoặc đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ.
a. Diễn tả tình huống không có thực ở hiện tại:
Loại II: If + S + V ( past simple) + O , S + would/ could/ mi ght ( not) + V
( bare ) + O
Eg: If I had enough money, I would buy a new car.
* "To be" ở tất cả các ngôi là: were
Eg: If I were you, I wouldn't do that.
*** Dùng với " were to + V (bare)
Eg: If you were to come tomorrow, I might have time to see you.
b. Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở quá khứ:
Loại III: If + S + had( not) + V (P
II
) + O, S + would/ could/ might ( not)+ have +
V( P

II
) + O
Eg: If you asked me, I would have helped you.
If it had not rained, I might have come.
II. Câu điều kiện pha trộn:
1. Loại II + Loại III.
Eg: If he were a good student, he would have learnt for the exams.
2. Loại III + Loại II.
Eg: If he had driven carefully, I wouldn't he hungry.
* Chú ý: Mệnh đề chính có thể đứng trớc hoặc sau, nhng nếu đứng trớc thì không có dấu
phẩy ngăn cách:
Eg: I might have come if it had not rained.
III. Câu điều kiện ở dạng đảo ngữ không có "If":
1. Loại I:
- If someone calls, please take a message.
=> Should someone call , please take a message.
- If you tell me the truth, I can help you.
=> Should you tell me the truth, I can help you.
2. Loại II:
- If I were you , I would eat less.
=> Were I you, I would eat less.
- If I had enough money, I would buy a new car .
=> Were I to enough money, I would buy a new car.
3. Loại III:
- If you had asked me for advice, I would have helped you.
=> Had you asked me for advice, I would have helped you.
- If I had not seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed in it.
=> Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed in it.
IV.Các dạng đặc biệt của câu điều kiện :
1. If .............not = Unless.( trừ khi)

- If you don't hurry, you'll be late for school.
=> Unless you hurry, you'll be late for school.
2. As long as/ So long as/ Provided that/ Providing that/ On condition that + Clause:
( Miễn là/ với điều kiện)
Eg: As long as you drive carefully, you can use my car.
3. Supposed/ supposing + Clause: ( Giả sử )
Eg: If the plane is late, what will you do?
=> Supposed the plane is late, What will you do?
4. Without: ( không)
Eg: I wouldn't have finished it on time if you hadn't helped me.
=> Without your help, I wouldn't have finished it on time.
5. But:
Eg: I would have gone with you if I had had time.
=> I would have gone with you, but I didn't have time.
Eg: She would buy that house if she had enough money.
=> She would buy that house, but she doesn't have enough money.
6. But for: ( Nếu không có)
IF it weren't for + Noun/ the fact that + clause
If it hadn't been for + Noun/ the fact that + clause
- Loại II:
Eg: If it weren't for friends, our life would be meaningless.
= But for friends, our life would be meaningless.
- Loại III:
Eg: If hadn't been for the storm, we would have had good crops.
= But for the storm, we would have had good crops.
7. If only = wish ( giá nh mà)
- If only he comes on time.( I hope he will come on time)
- If only it didn't rain.
- If only I had had money,I would have bought it.
8. Only if ( chỉ nếu nh )

- You will get a good job only if you have university education.
= Only if you have university education, will/ can you get a good job.
9. Otherwise = or ( hoặc)
- If you don't take a taxi, you will be late.
= Take a taxi; otherwise/ or; you will be late.