A conceptual guide to statistics using SPSS 1st edition berkman test bank

A Conceptual Guide to Statistics Using SPSS
Berkman & Reise
Test Bank for Chapter 2: Descriptive Statistics
1. _________ variables are made up of distinct groups that differ qualitatively rather than
quantitatively.
A) Continuous
B) Categorical
C) Independent
D) Dependent
2. _________ variables are those with a natural underlying metric or those that vary along a
continuum.
A) Continuous
B) Categorical
C) Independent
D) Dependent
3. If you are working with continuous data, you might want to transform the data into
________, which have a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.
A) covariances
B) residuals
C) standard units
D) standard deviations
4. In hypothesis testing, the ________ is the value that your observed test statistic must
exceed in order to be called “significant.”
A) correlation
B) critical value
C) minimum value
D) covariance
5. The critical value in hypothesis testing depends on two things: sample size and
___________.
A) Type II error rate
B) covariance

C) sum of squares
D) Type I error rate
6. Any value greater or less than 2 times the ________ from the mean of a variable will be
called “significantly different” from that mean.
A) standard error
B) standard deviation
C) z-score


D) mean squared error
7. One of the key assumptions that all of the statistics that researchers use is that their
dependent measures are _________ distributed.
A) positively
B) normally
C) significantly
D) chi-square
8. If your data are perfectly normally distributed, then the P-P plot will be __________.
A) a curved line
B) a bimodal line
C) a straight, 30-degree line
D) a straight, 45-degree line
9. A __________ distribution has fat tails and is more flat in the middle than a normal
distribution.
A) mesokurtic
B) leptokurtic
C) platykurtic
D) skewed
10. When the data points on a P-P plot are above the straight line, it means that there are
__________ observations by that percentile.
A) fewer than expected

B) more than expect
C) an equal amount of
D) zero
11. In the “detrended” P-P plot, the y-axis represents the ___________ at each percentile.
A) sum of squares
B) deviation from normality
C) error variance
D) correlation
12. In the “detrended” P-P plot, positive values indicate that there are __________
observations at that point.
A) too few
B) standardized
C) zero
D) too many
13. Positive skew values mean the distribution has a __________.
A) high peak
B) long tail to the left


C) long tail to the right
D) flat peak
14. Negative skew values mean the distribution has a __________.
A) high peak
B) long tail to the left
C) long tail to the right
D) flat peak
15. Positive kurtosis values mean the distribution has a __________.
A) high peak
B) long tail to the left
C) long tail to the right

D) flat peak
16. Negative kurtosis values mean the distribution has a __________.
A) high peak
B) long tail to the left
C) long tail to the right
D) flat peak
17. A perfectly normal distribution has a skewness of ____ and a kurtosis of ____.
A) 1, 0
B) 0, 1
C) 0, 0
D) 1, 1
18. What type of variable are you concerned with when analyzing Frequencies in SPSS?
19. What is the mean and standard deviation of a z-score?
20. A math teacher hypothesized that the mean score on an algebra exam would be 75. After
grading the exam, she found that the mean score was 88 and the standard error around that
mean was 2.5. Should the teacher accept or reject her hypothesis?

Answers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

B
A
C
B
D

A


7. B
8. D
9. C
10. A
11. B
12. D
13. C
14. B
15. A
16. D
17. C
18. A categorical variable
19. Mean = 0, SD = 1
20. She should reject her hypothesis. 88 – 2*2.5 = 83 and 88 + 2*2.5 = 93. A score of 75 is
clearly outside the critical range of 83 to 93.