Giáo trình tham vấn tâm lý (tái bản lần thứ 2 có chỉnh sửa bổ sung) phần 1 (tt)

ua sy giup d&
- Giup than chu nhin van
de nhu: no von co.
- Giup than chu tit gidi
quyet van de cua minh.
- M ot nghe giup ngu"&i
khac giup d d chinh ho.

' P.K. Odhner, Gi&i thieu thirc hanh CTXH, giao trinh t§p huan, modun II, tr.45.
: Tran Thj Minh Dut, Ban ve thuat ngif Tu van, Tgp chi D^i hoc va Giao dye chuyen
nghiep, 2000.


20

G I A O T R I N H T H A M V A N T A M Li

nghiem , cam xuc, su y nghl, h a n h vi cua th a n chu vd i n h im g d ap
ting mQt cach co chu dinh, nha th a m v a n t^o ra stf k h a m pha,
chap n h an ho$c th ach thirc d th an chu, g iu p hQ ttf d$t tcri mQt
mire dQ thich hQp v'e kh a nang h o a t dQng dN htf v$y, th a m van vd i ttf cach la mQt ngh'e, mQt d ich v y trQ g iu p
tinh than, doi hoi n h a th a m van phai trai q u a mQt q u a tr in h d ao
tao li th u yet v a thtfc h a n h co g ia m sat, vi th a m v a n k h o n g p hai la
giai dap, cho ldi k h u yen , h u d n g con n g u d i d en ca c chuain m tfc xa
hQi ch u n g ch u n g m a ai, lu c nay luc khac, cu n g co th e la m dtfQc.
R ichard N e lsso n (1997) cu ng cho rang m y c tieu cu a th a m va n
la htfdng tdi th a y doi cach thirc cam nh£n, s u y n g h i va h a n h dQng
cua con ngtfdi de g iu p hQ tao nen mQt cuqc s o n g tot d ep hQn. Do
v£y, th eo ong, th a m va n la mQt qua trinh can th ie p giai q u y e t va n
de v d i mQt m oi q u a n he, mQt qua trinh ttfQng ta c d ac b ie t gitfa

ngtfdi la m th a m v a n va than chu. O n g cho ra n g th a m v a n co the
dtfQc sir dtfng d n h im g cap dQ k h a c nhau. N o co th e la d a n g h o a t
dQng m a n g tinh ch u y en sau ciia cac nha ta m li hQC, can stf xa hQi,
nhtfng no cu n g co the la mQt phan co n g v ie c ciia g ia o vien , y ta,
h a y dieu dtfdng, cac n h a tinh n g u ye n vien.
Co the noi h oat dQng th a m van p han a n h nh u cau ciia n h im g
n g u d i tim k ie m stf giu p d d tam li. T h a m va n tr d th a n h mQt ngh'e
ch u y en n g h iep xu at phat tir nhu cau nay ciia xa hQi. N o ta p tr u n g
va o g iu p d d n g u d i k h a c giai quyet cac k h o k h a n ta m li ciia hQ. V d i
cach h ieu nay, kh a i n iem "T h am va n ta m li" th tfdng dtfQc gQi
ng a n gQn la "T h a m van".
Ban ch at cu a th a m v a n la h oat dQng h a y p h u o n g p h a p trQ
g iu p ngtfdi co v a n de ttf giai q u yet va n de ciia ch in h m in h chir
k h o n g phai la h o a t dQng dtfa ra ldi k h u y e n m a ch u n g ta th tfd n g
hieu. Stf trd g iu p d d a y dtfQc the hien q u a v iec giu p ngtfdi co v a n
de h ieu dtfQc ch in h hQ, h o a n canh ciia hQ, p hat h u y dtfQc ti'em
nang, n a n g ltfc v o n co ciia chinh m inh. V d i y nghia nay, th a m va n
con co tac d u n g giu p doi ttfQng n a n g cao kh a n a n g doi p h o vdi
v a n de tr o n g cuqc song.


21

C H U O N G I: T h a m van ta m If la m o t khoa hoc ting dung

T o a n b o q u a trin h th a m va n the hien of cac giai d o a n hQp tac
k h a c n h a u doi h oi v ie c sir d u n g cac k i n a n g k h a c n h a u cu a nha
th a m van . N h a th a m va n can co th di gian de h ieu v a n de cua
th a n chu v a con ngtfdi th a n chu. C u n g nhtf vay, th a n chu can co
th d i g ia n de k ie m n g h iem k h a ch q u a n v a n d'e cua m inh. Q u a

tr in h th a m v a n htfd ng tdi nhtfng kien thtic v a n h a n cach la m
ngtfdi, g a n v d i stf trtfdng th a n h cua th a n chu v a ca n h a th a m
van . D ieu n a y k h a c h a n v d i viec cho ldi k h u y e n , ra q u y e t dinh
th a y cho th a n chu.
Vi va y nha th a m van kh ong the dtfa ra nhtfng p han xet, nhtfng
giai dap, h a y ldi kh u yen chi sau 15 - 20 phut trd chuyen vdi than
chu. Q u a trinh chia se trong tham van doi hoi stf tich ctfc hQp tac
gitfa n h a th a m va n va than chu. T ron g dd, nha th am van b a y to stf
lSng nghe, th au hieu con than chu noi ra dtfQc tam stf cua minh.
N h a th a m va n gitip cho than chu thay dtfQc stf xao trQn nQi tam
cua hQ. T h a n chu k h o n g chi hieu ro stf kien, hoan canh gay ra van
de m a q u a n trQng h a n y thtic dtfQc con ngtfdi m inh trong tinh
h u o n g co va n de. Dieu dd gitip cho than chu vtfQt q ua dtfQc nhtfng
trd ngai ta m li de nhin van v'e cua m inh nhtf no d ang co. V iec nay
cu ng d on g h a n h vd i qua trinh tim ti'em nang cua than chu de dtfa
ra dtfQc cac phtfQng an giai quyet van d'e cua minh.
M iic dich cua q u a trinh tham
v a n la p h a i k h a i gQi dtfQc nhtfng
tiem

n ang,

m a t m a n h cua than

chu. D ieu n a y d o n g nghia vd i viec

P h a n tich d o a n d oi th o ai
T h a n c h u : Em rat buon vi
con em khong nghe l&i em,
hom nao no cung di hoc ve

n h a th a m v a n ch ap nhan than chu,

muon, dieu nay lam em rat

dQng vien, k h ic h le, cu n g co nhtfng

cau...

gia tri cu a th a n chu. Ro rang rang,

N h a th a m van: Chf can danh

kh i th a n chu ttf tim den nha tham

nhieu th&i gian chia se v&i con

va n de dtfQc gitip dd, chia se, co

hem. Chf khong nen cau v&i chau,

n g h ia la v e thtfc chat hQ co ti'em

vi lam the chi khoet sau them sit

n a n g dtfQng d au vd i v a n d'e va

ngan cach giita chf va chau.

m u o n giai q u y e t v a n d'e cua minh.