Cẩm nang ôn luyện thi đại học 18 chuyên đề hóa học 6

' C^m nang On luy^n thi dgi hpc 18 chiiy6n

H6a hpc - Nguyjn Van Hai

CtyTNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi^t

Bai 18:

Qinyen

de14

y: Phenol la cac hg-p cha't c6 n h o m - O H d i n h t r u e tiep vao v6n

Luu

benzen. D o v^iy, cac chat la phenol bao g o m (1), (4), (5), (6).

o.* 1-

,,

A N D E H I T

^

—> D a p an D .

^ ANDEHIT

Bai 19:

-

A X I T

C A € B O X Y L I €

.,,

,

^-

a Cong thuc andehit

21 2 8
G Q I cong t h i i c cua X la CxHyOz. T a c 6 : x : y : z = — t j : — = 7 : 8 : 2
C7H8O2.

,

->Xl^

, ,„....:

rof

- A n d e h i t no, d a n chuc: C.iH2n + i C H O n > 0
--^H*'^*:

X C O 2 n h o m - O H . Cac cong t h u c cau tao thoa m a n :
OH

+

•
0 < ra yjiidJ

H}ii

-UprA

.., f-jo

and ;^!ivt n i i i f q ht- < -

^M:} i l C ) OH5^(5

Danh phdp thong thucmg

r.g Sf;.|> = 80t *f)^r: ~

H C H O : andehit fomic hoac fomandehit;

OH

<-

« m m £ ' n 6 ) trh ,• nV

- A n d e h i t no, h a i chiic: CnH2n(CHO)2 n > 0
I,. D a n h p h a p

V i X tac d y n g v o l N a t h u dvtgc so'mol k h i b a n g so m o l X da p h a n rnig nen

••
m

"

i ,

j,, :

, ir; (

C H 3 C H O : andehit axetic hoac axetandehit.
+

CH,OH

Dfl«« phap thay the

H C H O : metanal; C H s C H O : etanal; CH3-CH2- C H O : p r o p a n a l .
c. T i n h chat hoa hpc
.
, ,
.

CH,OH

OH

' ^' ^H)'ttO«VlV.I*,^H|Jb

Phan uns vai hidro

W.H:>«^^^^^^^

CH3CHO + H 2 C H 3 C H 2 O H

CH2OH

+

..)

,

Phim img trdng bac

'

, > ,' '

,

:30n e o n g m > natki

CH3-CHO + A g 2 0 + N H 3 - ^

+

R-CH0 + Ag20+ N H 3 - ^ ^

R C O O N H 4 + 2Ag

H - C H O + 2 A g 2 0 + 2NH3 —

^

+

OH

Oxi hoa ancol bqc I: C H 3 - O H + C u O
^

a;;+v:P©iia.i-r:>.

H C H O + C u + H2O

CH3-CHO + C u + H2O
+ O2

Dim che andehit axetic: CH2=CH2

viDUMAU

CM3

•• •'

3

.

*V
f'

> CH3CHO

,f,,,,

'

V i d u 1: D o t chay hoan toan 0,01 m o l m o t ancol X (no, m a c h h a ) can 0,8 gam

D a p an D .

J

(NH4)2C03 + 4 A g

qsG *

CH3 -CH2- O H + C u O —

I

CH3COONH4 + 2 A g

d. D i e u che

OH

:>f:

O2. Ne'u o x i hoa hoan toan 0,01 m o l X thanh andehit r o i d e m t h u c h i f n
HO

I

'X,

HO.;H0

phan u n g t r a n g bac t h i so g a m bac t h u dug-c la

(,j , j ^, t j , . , , , , ,

A. 4,32.

D.2,l6.
X g i i o t j tirfafcnfi 16M

B. 6,48.
f4r,KTt*

^

,

08

Taco: n ^ = —

C. 8,64.
Loigidi:

Jf^f;

•

= 0,025mol.

Nhan xet: N e u d o t chay 1 m o l X can 2,5 m o l O2.
(
CnH2n.2.m(OH)m
+ ^" ^

~

O2 —

^

mi(XrJH
nxig'i

f:'^

£v'''

•

nC02 + ( n + 1)H20
301


Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi^t

Ca'm nang On luy^n thi dgi hpc 18 chuy6n Si H6a hqc - Nguyjn Van Hi\

—>

3n + 1 - m

_ _
^ ,
= 2,5 —> m = 3n-4

Vi

4 (A-12): Hidrat hoa 5,2 gam axetilen voi xiic tac H g S 0 4 trong moi
truong axit, d u n nong. Cho toan bg cac chat h u u co sau phan ung vao mgt

Lieu y: Doi voi ancol ta c6: so'nhom chuc < so'nguyen tu C - > m < n .

lugng du dung dich A g N 0 3 trong N H 3 thu dugc 44,16 gam ket tua. Hi^u

- > m = 3n-4 < n - > n < 2.

suat phan ling hidrat hoa axetilen la

,
.i)

Mat khac: m > 0 - > m = 3 n ^ > 0 - > n > 1,33.

A. 60%.

Vay chi CO n = 2 v a m = 3.2 - 4 = 2 thoa man ->• X la C2H4(OH)2.
(I < n ,s:((,.)Hr,)),f.;;Hn3 vkisihlm

So do phan ling hoa hQc:
HO-CH2-CH2-OH
Mol:

> HOC-CHO

0,01

C.92%.
,

= 0,2 mol. Phan ung hoa hgc:

C H ^ C H + H2O

V i d u 2: Qua trinh nao sau day khone tao ra andehit axetic?

> CH3CHO

trong N H s de tao thanh ket tua. ' " 1

B. CH2=CH2 + O2 (t°, xvic tac).
C . C H 3 C ( X ) C H = C H 2 + dung dich N a O H (t°).

C H 3 C H O + Ag20 + NH3 —
^

^

'

Mol:

H2O
CH2=CH2 + H
2 O - ^ ^ ^ ^ CH3CHO

Theo bai: 108.2a + 240(0,2 - a) = 44,16

CH3COOCH=CH2 + N a O H

_^ H = - ^ ^ . 1 0 0 % = 8 0 % . - > D a p a n B .
0,2

) CHsCOONa + CH3CHO

, i t#H:>

->Dapr.nA.
dugc so mol nude dung bang so' mol X phan ung. Mat khac, cho 0,05 mol X
tac dyng voi lugng d u A g N O s trong dung dich N H s sinh ra m gam A g . Gia
tri cua m la
C.5,40.

- > So nguyen tu H trung binh trong X =

—SiE = 2 .

,

i gnfi i J

1« nr.
" o

nx
-> Moi andehit trong X deu chiia 2 nguyen tu H
ho la H C H O va H O C - C H O .

H a i andehit no, m^ch

ft

u

Luu y: C a hai andehit deu tac dyng voi A g N O s trong NH3 va sinh ra 4Ag

- > nAg = 4nx = 0,2 mol
-»DapanD.

m^g =0,2.108 = 21,6 gam.
i,„,.,.,

,
•

:.H„

i e o r l g s w mm

- > a = 0,16.

u

+ HO-cH>3

C h u n g la

M r , rnifle,

....

A. C n H 2 n ( C H O ) 2

(n>0).

•

,

0,2 - a to:*fi6 a i i d t goo.:)

0,25 mol X can vira dii 0,5 mol H2. Day dong dang cua X co cong thiic

Lm gtat:
Nhqn xet: N e u do't chay 1 mol X thu dugc 1 mol H2O.

|j r

trong N H 3 thu dugc 27 gam A g . Mat khac, hidro hoa hoan toan

C . C n H 2 n + l C H O (n > 0).

D . 21,6..

"""

V i d u 5: C h o 0,125 mol andehit mach ho X phan ung voi lugng d u dung dich
AgN03

V i d^ji 3: Dot chay hoan toan hon hgp X gom hai andehit (no, mach ho), thu

H O

0,2-a

" ' '

2a
> AgCsCAg>l^ + 2NH4NO3

C a c phan ung hoa hoc:

*

i A')::"

CH3COONH4 + 2 A g ^

Mol:
a
• ^
C H = C H + 2 A g N 0 3 + 2NH3

Lcri gidi:

'° ) C H 3 C H 0 + c u + H 2 0

i(}m k>m m:0

Luu y: C H s C H O v a C H = C H (du) deu tac dung voi dung dich A g N 0 3

A. CH2=CH2 + H2O (t°, xuc tac HgS04).

B.10,8.

,

' '

.. r^f' ,

A. 43,2.

D . 70%.

5 2
=

- > m Ag = 0,04.108 = 4,32 gam - > D a p an A.

CH3CH2OH + c u o

"

'l^'^-'f

0,04

D . C H 3 C H 2 O H + C u O (t°).

B.80%.

Lofigidi:

xj Jai '

)• 4Ag

0,01

,

, ,

B. C n H 2 n - 3 C H O (^

''^

D . C n H 2 n - l C H O (n > 2 ) . ' •
!&R'i, , ^^S}^^'

^ + J. ..^ ^

+

„

27

j^h^n xef

^
nx

nx

=

0,125

=2

X la andehit don chiic ^

= 2 - > Phan tu X chua 2 lien ket 71

=

Loai A.

X la andehit no, hai chtrc

0,25

hoac khong no (mgt noi doi C=C), don chuc

Loai B (khong no, 1 noi ba

hoac 2 noi doi, don chuc) va loai C (no, don chuc).

,, „.

j,j;

rr^ ;

D a p an D .

303


e l m nang On luyjn t h i dgi hqc 18 chuytn dg H6a hQC - NguySn Van Hi\

Cty Jhr.- 1TV DWH Khang Vi$t

Vi dv 6: Day gom cac cha't deu tac dung voi AgNOs trong dung dich NHs, la:
J A. Andehit axetic, but-l-in, etilen.
B. Andehit axetic, axetilen, but-2-in
J C. Axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin.
D. Andehit fomic, axetilen, etilen.
Lai giai:
Nhqn xet: Cac andehit hoac hidrocacbon c6 hidro dinh vao cacbon noi ba se
tac dung dugc voi AgNOs/NHs.
Loai A, B, D vi etilen ( C H 2 = C H 2 ) va but-2-in (CHj-C^C-CHs) khong phan
ung.
Dap a n C.

i,73f"-

Vi d\ 7: Oxi hoa 0,08 mol mpt ancol don chiic, thu dupe hon hpp X gom mot
f

H C s C H + 2AgN03 + 2NH3

lam hai phan bang nhau. Phan mpt eho tac dving het vai Na du, thu duoc

C H 2 = C H - C s C H + AgNOs + N H 3

9,72 gam Ag. Phan tram kho'i lupng ancol bj oxi hoa la
A. 50,00%.

B. 62,50%.

C. 31,25%.

D. 40,00%.

Lot gidi:
f J:OM§AS

B - S / ) !.

Cac phan ung hoa hpc (tinh cho 0,04 mol ancol): 0)0{ £ + B£.80! ;i&d r
[,,0
R-CH2-OH + - O 2
-> R - C H O + H 2 O
2
Mol:

ialir;i(;ft*ufiw^^^^

a

* R-CH2-bH + 6 2

"

m'.

["sn PZ!

R-COOH + H 2 O

Mol:
b
Moi phan ciia X gom:

lO

b
r i,

^;;

B. C 2 H 3 C H O .

,

C.C2H5CHO.

D.CH3CHO.

L o t gidi:
Phuong trinh hoa hpc:
RCHO + [O]

t^iKu;'

)• RCOOH

'

Tang giam kho'i lupng: n^cHO = —16 =
MRCHO =

2,2
0,05

*'
« ? f n./ii'i/i

3_2 2

.(lutO-x

' ' .v''"'^

> CH2=CH-C = CAgI + N H 4 N O 3
a fit o«.

axit tuong ung. Cong thuc eiia andehit la

+ HDst'

Gpi cong thuc ancol la R - C H 2 - O H .

> AgC = CAg^^ + 2 N H 4 N O 3

—> Dap an C.
Vi du 9: Khi oxi hoa hoan toan 2,2 gam mpt andehit don chuc thu dupe 3 gam
A. HCHO.

nH2 = 0,0225 mol; n A g = 0,09 mol.

\

0/05 mol.
i i l i :t ,''((',1.

= 44 -> R = 15 ( - C H 3 )

-> Andehit la CHaCHO
Dap an D.
Vi du 10: Dot chay hoan toan andehit X, thu dupe the tich khi CO2 bang the

r

R - C H 2 - O H du = 0,04 - (a + b); R - C H O = a; R - C O O H = b; H 2 O = a + b.

tich hoi nuoc (trong ciing dieu kien nhift dp, ap suat). Khi cho 0,01 mol X

Nhan xet: Khi cho phan mpt tac dung voi Na thi ca axit, ancol va nude deu

tac dung voi mpt lupng du dung dich AgN03/NH3 thi thu dupe 0,04 mol

phan ung.

Ag.Xla

0,04 - (a + b) + b + a + b = 2 nH2 = 0,045 mol

+

8: Cho cac chat: Axetilen, vinylaxetilen, andehit fomic, axit fomie,
glucozo, metyl fomat. So chat trong day khu dupe AgNOs trong dung dich
NHsla: .
,.,
,
A. 2.
B.3.
C.4.
D.6.
L o t gidi:
l^Ihan xet: Cac cha't eo nhom chue andehit moi khu dupe AgNOa trong dung
dich NHa. Do la: Andehit fomic, axit fomie, glucozo, metyl fomat.
Luu y: Cac hidrocacbon c6 hidro dinh vao cacbon no'i ba nhu axetilen,
vinylaxetilen ciing eo phan ung vai AgNOa trong dung dich N H 3 nhung
don thuan chi la phan ung trao doi:

axit cacboxylic, mot andehit, ancol du va nude. Ngung ty toan bp X roi chia
0,504 lit khi H2 (dktc). Phan hai cho phan ung trang bac hoan toan thu duoc

3

Vi

b = 0,005 mol.

Khi cho phan 2 thuc hif n phan ung trang bac thi c6 2 truong hpp:

B. Andehit fomic.

Neu R 7i H —> chi CO RCHO (a mol) eo phan ung trang bac.

C. Andehit axetic.

nAg = 2a = 0,09 -> a = 0,045 >0,04 ^ Loai.

iV'

+

Neu R = H ^ H C H O (a mol) va HCOOH (b mol) deu tham gia phan ung

^

trang bac.

.< , i

A. Andehit no, mach ho, hai chuc.

' "*
I

D. Andehit khong no, m^ch ho, hai chuc.

"'

• • Lai gidi:

^^Mrrr...'::

Nhan xet: Dot chay andehit X thu dupe ncoj = " H 2 O - >

'-^

n^g = 4a + 2b = 0,09 ^ a = 0,02 mol; b = 0,005 mol.

don chuc, mach ho —> Loai A va D.

304

%m.-,ncoibioxih6.n = ^ ^ . 1 0 0 % = -^^.100% = 62,5%

0,04

0,04

Dap an B.

nAg=4nx

X la andehit no,

.= v„ >n w iidsi.nr;n; = v ,

Mat khac. khi X tham gia phan ung trang bgc:

^

' •'

y

X la H C H O - ) - D a p an B.
305


Ca'm nang 6n luy^n thi dgi hqc 18 chuy6n dg H6a hpc - Nguygn Van HSi

Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t

V i d\ 1 1 : A n d e h i t n o mach h o X c6 cong t h i i c d o n gian nhat C2H3O. C o n g th\t^

Ta c6: a + b = 0,06; 4a + 2b = 0,22

p h a n tie cua X la
A . C8H12O4.

a = 0,05; b = 0,01.

mx = 0,05.32 + 0,01.(R + 31) = 2,2 ^
B. C6H9O3.

C. C2H3O.

D . C4H6O2.

R = 29 (CH3CH2-).

;?,v!,u ^.MSO ^

—> D a p an A .

Lot giai:

dii 14: De h i d r o hoa hoan toan 0,025 m o l h o n h g p X g o m hai andehit mach

C o n g thuc andehit no, mach h o c6 dang CnH2n+2-m(CHO)m
Theo bai, X C O d a n g C 2 . H 3 a O a .
'-u..
......i...
^

h o C O kho'i l u g n g 1,64 gam, can 1,12 l i t k h i H 2 (dktc). M a t khac, c i i n g l u g n g
X t r e n p h a n l i n g v o i m g t l u g n g d u d u n g d i c h A g N 0 3 / N H 3 t h i t h u d u g c 8,64

Cho so n g u y e n t u C, H , O ciia hai cong thuc bang n h a u , ta c6:

g a m A g . C o n g t h u c cau tao cua hai andehit t r o n g X la . i ><;'!,

n + m = 2a; 2n + 2 = 3a; m = a ^

A . CH2=C(CH3)-CHO v a O H C - C H O .

n = m = a = 2.

X la C2H4(CHO)2 ^ D a p a n D .

r^n-r - - '

;, i , iu t

B. O H C - C H 2 - C H O va O H C - C H O .

C. C H 2 = C H - C H O va O H C - C H 2 - C H O . D . H - C H O v a O H C - C H 2 - C H O .

V i d u 12: Cho h o n h g p k h i X g o m H C H O va H 2 d i qua o n g s u d u n g bgt N i

Lot giai:

,

n u n g n o n g . Sau k h i p h a n u n g xay ra hoan toan, t h u d u g c h o n h g p k h i y
Nhanxet:—^

g o m hai chat h i i u co. D o t chay het Y t h i t h u d u g c 11,7 g a m H 2 O va 7,84 lit

nx

k h i C O 2 (dktc). Phan t r a m theo the tich ciia H 2 t r o n g X la
J

A . 46,15%.

B. 35,00%.

C. 53,85%.

^

= 0 , 3 5 m o l ; nH^o

1 a

70x + 58y = 1,64 - > V 6 n g h i f m - > loai A .
N e u la C : X + y = 0,025; 2x + 4y = 0,08; 56x + 72y = 1,64

va m a t t h o i g i a n .

- > X = 0,01; y = 0,015 ^ T h o a m a n - > D a p an C.

^

%VH^

—

+ N e u nx : nAg = 1:4

B. C H 3 O H , C 2 H 5 O H .

C. C 2 H S O H , C 3 H 7 C H 2 O H .

D. C 2 H 5 O H , C 2 H 5 C H 2 O H .

nancoi = nnndehit =

i

Kfe

ncuo = 0,06 m o l .

Vi:

0 22
11
i _= ^ _ = _ > 2
"andehit
3

->

X gom

nA„

C H 3 O H (a m o l )

^

XcochuaHCHO

va R C H 2 O H (b

mol).

LoaiCvaD.

D. CH.CHO.

t

M x = 2,9/0,1 = 29

Loai.

nx = 0,05 m o l

>

X la H O C - C H O

D a p an B.

tiep n h a u t r o n g day d o n g dSng) tac d y n g v o i l u g n g d u d u n g d i c h

1

AgN03/NH3, d u n n o n g t h u d u g c 32,4 g a m A g . H a i andehit t r o n g X la

fi;)^„-:n. ,
'

C. H C H O .

,

V i du 16: C h o 0,1 m o l h o n h g p X g o m hai andehit (no, d o n chvic, mach ho, ke

P h u o n g t r i n h hoa hgc:

NMn xet:

B.HOC-CHO.

- > M x = 2,9/0,05 = 58

v o i l u g n g d u d u n g d i c h AgNOa/NHs, t h u dugc 23,76 g a m A g . H a i ancol la:
A. C H 3 O H , C 2 H 5 C H 2 O H .

r

A

+ N e u nx : nAg = 1:2 - > nx = 0,1 m o l

andehit can v u a d u 4,8 gam C u O . Cho toan b g l u g n g andehit tren tac dung

R - C H O + Cu + H 2 O

'

NMn xet: Cac chat t r o n g dap an chi trang bac v o i t i 1| m o l 1:2 hogc 1:4.

*«<3 ;0f

^

^

)

Lot giai:

V i d\ 13: O x i hoa het 2,2 g a m h o n h g p X g o m hai ancol don chuc thanh

R - C H 2 O H + CuO —

^ 1 ,

ggn cua X la
A.CH2=CHCHO.

. 1 0 0 % - 4 6 , 1 5 % - > D a p an A .

Lai giai:

,

d u d u n g d i c h AgNOs/NHs t h u d u g c 21,6 g a m A g . C o n g t h i i c cau tao t h u

"^'B'S

= ^'35 m o l - > n n j = 0,3 m o l .

0,35 + 0,3

M' ,

V i dv 15: C h o 2,9 g a m m g t andehit X mach ho, p h a n u n g h o a n toan v o i l u g n g

Y - ^ ^ 2 _ ^ CO2 + H2O

Bao toan n g u y e n to C: nucHO = "002

< • >\

N e u la A : X + y = 0,025; 2x + 4y = 0,08;

=^-0,65mol.

Bao toan n g u y e n to H : nncHO + "H2 = i^HaO = 0,65 m o l .

306

• • «...

NMn xet: Bai nay neu giai d u a theo p h u o n g t r i n h p h a n u n g se rat d a i dong

X ( H C H a H2) — ^

•

'

^,v,.->-v-vf r

Thvr 50:50:

N e n ap d u n g bao toan n g u y e n to d u a theo so d o :

•

^
'••'•^

- > X chi chua m g t andehit c6 kha nang tao ra 4 A g - > l o ^ i B v a D .

D . 65,00%.

Lai giai:
nco2 -

= — — ==3,2 < 4
0,025

I

A . H C H O va C 2 H 5 C H O .

B. H C H O va C H a C H O .

C. C 2 H 3 C H O v a C 3 H 5 C H O .

D . C H 3 C H O va C 2 H 5 C H O .

'

Lai giai:
lUg = 0,3 m o l .

I NMn xet: ^
=— =3>2
•
nx
0,1
I->

'

'

' ,

H o n h g p X c6 chua H C H O .

A n d e h i t ke tiep la C H 3 C H O - > D a p an B.
307


dm nang On luygn thi dji hpc 18 chuyfin ii H6a hqc - Nguygn Van Hai
" DV MAU

2. A X I T C A C B O X Y L I C
-

c;f?: '^fj

^it••'iM::>r?:))

a. C o n g t h u c

y i dy 1 : T i u n g hoa 5,48 gam hon h o p X g o m axit axetic, p h e n o l va axit

+
A x i t no, d o n chuc: C n H 2 n t i C O O H

(n > 0) hoac C m H 2 m 0 2 .

A x i t no, hai chuc: CnH2n(COOH)2

(n>0)hoac

benzoic, can d i i n g 600ml d u n g dich N a O H 0,1M. Co can d u n g d i c h sau

,^

phan u n g , t h u d u g c m gam chat ran khan. Gia t r i ciia m la

CmH2m-204.

A x i t k h o n g no ( m o t noi d o i C=C), d o n chuc: C n H 2 n - i C O O H

A. 8,64.

(n > 2)

b. D a n h phap
+

Danh phdp thong

thifotig

Danh phap thay the

)

\,;t1,>-ii

'

no,

dan

chitc:

C H 3 C H 2 C O O H {axit
+

Axit

no, da chuc:

HCOOH

{axit

fomic);

HOOC-COOH

{axit oxalic);

HOOC-CH2-COOH
?

Axit tham: C e H s - C O O H {axit benzoic).

+ xlK

Tdcdungvaikim

loqi:

C H 3 C O O H + Na
+

Tdc dung vai muo'i

KiHuf-^qA l u o i

,

,

)iJ ) , r

ibfl

|fihi"i

''

BI ' ^ .
' iH.>sH

>'';5'

,
"

, "'^1 '

hop,...):
> CHaBr-CHBr-COOH
^

^'
.

-

D o t chay axit no, d o n chuc, t h u d u g c so m o l CO2 bang so m o l H2O.
—

^

nC02 + nHaO

> Muoi

'

an

D.

• M

+

H2O

ioina^OO
Imn -

. ^ ,i ;

,

,

'

s

^

^,...,>(

,

•,.

V i d v 2: D o t chay h o a n toan 10,8 gam h o n h g p M g o m m g t axit cacboxylic X
(no, d o n chuc, m a c h ho) va m g t ancol d o n chuc Y, t h u d u g c 0,35 m o l C O 2
va 0,5 m o l H 2 O . Ten g g i cua este tgo thanh til-X va Y la
A. M e t y l axetat.

B. Etyl butirat.
" -^^^

'

wJv,

D . M e t y l propionat.

T;

'

'

Nhqn xet: X la axit no, d o n chuc, mach h d -> k h i d o t chay X t h u d u g c
nC02-'^H20Mat

khac, k h i d o t chay M , t h u d u g c n H 2 0 > "CO2

Y la ancol no, d o n

chuc, m a c h h d . Ta cd: n y = n H j O ' " C O 2 = 0,15 m o l . ^

= 10,8 - 0,35.12 -1,0.1 = 5,6 ^
= 2nx + n y ^

r

,' , j ,

n o = 0,35 m o l .

'

^ ^,

rix = 0,1 m o l - » n ^ = 0,25 m o l
,

-> M chua m g t chat chua 1 n g u y e n t u cacbon.
Ne'u X c h i i a 1 n g u y e n t u cacbon

A x i t k h o n g no c6 t i n h chat g i o n g anken ( l a m m a t m a u n u d e b r o m , t r i i n g

+ Phan ung dot chay

NaOH

—
0,35
-> S d n g u y e n t u cacbon t r u n g b i n h : C ( M ) = - r - r r = 1/4.

(NH4)2C03 + 2 A g

+ Br2

Dap

Nhqn thay:

Tinh chat neng cua mot so axit

H - C O O H + A g 2 0 + 2NH3

—>•

mo

> CH3COOC2H5 + 2H2O

A x i t f o m i c c6 p h a n u n g trang bac: '

+

Bao toan khd'i l u g n g : m ^ = n r i c + mj-i+ rriQ

> CHsCOONa + C O 2 + H2O
•<

CnH2n02 + ( l , 5 n - l ) 0 2

Loigidi:

Lot gtat:

\

nhi,<. •,

'

Phan ungestehoa

CH2=CH-COOH

nmri n D- 6,80. ^^.^^ ^ j : ;

N h a n thay: n H 2 0 = r ' N a O H = 0,6.0,1 =0,06 m o l .

C . Etyl p r o p i o n a t .

metacrylic).

> CHsCOONa + 0,5H2

C H 3 - C O O H + C2H5OH <
+

.

'

C H 3 - C O O H + NaHCOs
+

»
<

{axit

\[ • / -A el

Axit khong no (mot noi doi C=C), dan chuc:

d . T i n h chat hoa hgc
+

axetic);

propionic).

C H 2 = C H - C O O H {axit acrylic); C H 2 = C ( C H ) 3 - C O O H {axit

+

{axit

CH3COOH

malonic); H O O C - ( C H 2 ) 4 - C O O H {axit adipic).
+

, , d (,v= C. 4,90.

m H 2 0 = m x + m w a O H - m H 2 0 = 5,48 + 0,06.40 - 18.0,06 = 6,80 g a m .

c. Mot so axit thuang gap
Axit

So d o p h a n u n g : X

Bao toan k h o i l u g n g :

CH3 - C O O H : etanoic; CU^ - C H ( C H 3 ) - C O O H : 2-metylpropanoic.
+

B. 6,84.

Jslhqn xet: X tac d u n g v d i N a O H theo t i le m o l 1:1

H C O O H : axit fomic; C H i C O O H : A x i t axetic; C 2 H S C O O H : axit propionic.
+

-v^A ii!

^
1
^ ^,

X la H C O O H = 0,1 m o l .

^, ^

'

' ,

Ggi Y la C n H 2 n . i O H = 0,15 m o l .
T a c o : n r o , = 0,1.1 + 0,15.n = 0,35 -> n = 5/3

Loai.

Vay Y chua 1 n g u y e n t u cacbon -> Y la C H 3 O H =
Ggi X la CnH2n>iCOOH = 0,1 m o l .

:

a i 5 mol.
'

' . "
JJ^^JI^ J^,,;.

s^^. r ^

Ta cd: n c o 2 = 0,15.1 + 0 , l ( n + l ) = 0,35 -> n = 1 -> Y la C H 3 C O O H .
-> C o n g t h u c este tao thanh t u X va Y: CH3COOCH3.
- » D a p an A .

i

i-.


Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t

Vi

3: O x i hoa 0,1 mol mpt ancol d a n chiic, thu dug-c hon hgp X gom

fslhdn xet: Y la axit no, da chuc, c6 mach cacbon ho, khong phan nhanh —>

axit cacboxylic, mgt andehit, ancol d u v a nuoc. N g u n g tu toan bg X roi chjg

K

y chiia 2 nhom chuc (vi neu chufa t u 3 nhom chuc tro len, mgch cacbon se

ur. lam hai phan bang nhau. Phan mgt cho tac dung het v a i N a d u , thu dug^

K

phan nhanh).

3^;>c-•M^fc.b

0,784 lit khi H 2 (dktc). Phan hai cho phan u n g trang bac hoan toan thu dugc

B

Theo bai: nx = n ^ j = 0/1 mol.

,. ,

10,8 gam A g . Phan tram so'mol ancol bi oxi hoa la

H'
K

"'
0 26
'
So nguyen t u cacbon trung binh: C(X) = —— = 2,6.

m

Phan t u khoi trung binh: M(x) =

A . 60%.

B.65%.

C.75%.

< nH2 = 0/035 mol; nAg= 0,1 mol.

\*

Ggi cong thuc ancol la R - C H 2 - O H .

D . 80%.
-

>:

u-.f->

' ilo. /

;

f':<''

Htj«:/'
'

C a c phan u n g hoa hgc (tinh cho 0,05 mol ancol):
R - C H 2 - O H + io2
>M Vr. :• JiYP:

£(

rifi.r.^"ii

hA

i-*«»n,rf ,

.

.

R - C H 2 - O H d u = 0,05 - (a + b); R - C H O = a; R - C O O H = b; H 2 O = a + b.
Nhan xet: K h i cho phan mgt tac dung voi N a thi ca axit, ancol v a nude deu
phan ung.
- > 0,04 - (a + b) + b + a+b = 2 n H , = 0,07 mol ^

Neu R

b = 0,03 mol.

,'

m

HOOC-COOH.

•

Mat khac: M Y = 90 > 86,4

+

a = 0,05 ^

H

Ggi cong thuc ciia Y la CnH2n-204 (b mol).

•

Neu X la H C O O H (a mol), ta c6: a + b = 0,1; a + nb = 0,26 v a

m 46a + (14n + 62)b = 8,64

a + b = 0,08 > 0,05 - > Loai.

%nancoi bi o.i hoa =

a = 0,01 mol; b = 0,03 m o l . ' ' '

0,05

V$y: X la C H 3 C O O H (a mol), ta c6: a + b = 0,1; 2a + nb = 0,26 v a 60a + (14n +

•

62)b = 8,64 ^ a = 0,04; b = 0,06; n = 3

''^

A . axit propionic.

B . axit oxalic.

C . axit malonic.

D . axit adipic.

Cong thuc chung ciia axit no, m^ch ho: CnH2n+2-m(COOH)m.
Theo bai, X c6 cong thuc la

. (.^^j^^jcj |,,,

CnHi.02.n.

^, ^

Cho cac nguyen tu tuong ung 0 hai cong thiic bang nhau, ta c6:

,$

n + m = a; 2n + 2 = a; 2m = 2a ^ a = m = 2; n= 0.

V i d^ 4: H o a hoi 8,64 gam hon hgp M gom axit X (no, d o n chuc, mach ho) va
axit Y (no, d a chuc Y , mach cacbon ho, khong phan nhanh) thu dugc mot

^ X la ( C O O H ) 2 ^ C a u tao: H O O C - C O O H ^ Dap an B .
V i d\ 6: C h o 12 gam axit cacboxylic X (no, don chuc) tac dung hoan toan vdi

the tich hoi bang the tich cua 2,8 gam N 2 (do trong cung dieu ki§n nhi^t dP/

200ml dung dich gom K O H I M va N a O H 2M. C o can dung dich thu dugc

ap suat). Dot chay hoan toan 8,64 gam M , thu dugc 11,44 gam C 0 2 . Phan

35,6 gam hon hop chat ran khan. Cong thuc ciia X la

v >

tram kho'i lugng cua X trong M la
A . 72,22%.

B. 27,78%.

C . 35,25%.

Lot gidi:
2 8
•
1144
n v i , = — = 0,1 mol; nco-, =—'-—= 0,26 mol.
2
28
44
•

310

-

(CH02)n. Ten ggi ciia X la

'

'

^

^^„h i./s,3e3 h) Q £v 8 jt,oJ

% m v - ^ ^ ^ ^ . 1 0 0 % = 27,78%-> Dap an B.
^
8,64
^

.'-^

.100% = 80% - > D a p an D .

^ a = 0,04; b = 0,06; n = 11/3 -> Loai.

B

N e u R = H - > H C H O (a mol) v a H C O O H (b mol) deu tham gia phan ung
trang bac.
= 4a r 2b = 0,1 ^

Mx < 86,4 ^ X la H C O O H hoac C H 3 C O O H

V i d u 5: Axit cacboxylic X (no, mach cacbon h o c6 cong thuc thuc nghifm

H —> chi c6 R C H O (a mol) c6 phan u n g trang bac.

n^g = 2a - 0,1 ^

'? ^ 'V
- ''
/<";•) io'-ff I ••• -')•;'•••

i Truong hop 1: N e u so cacbon ciia Y < 2,6 -> Y chua 2 C (vi Y d a chuc) -> Y la

K h i cho phan 2 thuc hi^n phan u n g trang b^c thi c6 2 truang hgpij^ ^
+

'

m Truong hop 2: N e u so cacbon ciia X < 2,6 ^ X la H C O O H hoac C H 3 C O O H .

b

Moi phan cua X gom:

^,

"* *

^ p V o li v i so'cacbon ciia X > 2,6.

> R-COOH + H2O

V

b

.

••

Mgt axit chua so'nguyen tu cacbon < 2,6. C h i a 2 truong hgp:

•

>R-CHO +H2O

R - C H 2 - O H + O2
Mol:

;jnr>fjf if>fl,{ r>-

= 86,4.
0,1

H'

H

t--,:^,;

1

A . C 2 H 5 C 0 0 H ; ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^^^

65,15%!

.
''

«

CHCOOH.

B. C 3 H 7 C O O H .

, ,,
J J , !

D.CH3COOH,^,^^,,,,^,,g,.,
Lai gidi:

N h a n thay bai cho axit phan u n g het -> hai bazo con d u , do v^y neu giai
^ .

dua vao phuong trinh phan ling se rat kho khan.

YI'
311


dm

CtyTNHH

nang On luygn thi dji hpc 18 chuy6n d8 H6a hgc - Nguyin Van H5i

Tuy nhien, bai nay duoc giai nhanh chong khi ap dung bao toan khoi luono.
niaxit + mbaza= mchat tin + mniroc

^

' ^^

m H 2 0 = 12 + 0,2.56 + 0,4.40 - 35,6 = 3,6 gam

-> D a p an D.

'

C O 2 va a mol H 2 O . G i a tri ciia a la
= 60 - » Axit la C H a C O O H .

A. 0,2.

A. H C O O H v a C H 3 C O O H .

B. C H 2 = C H C O O H v a C 2 H 5 C O O H ,

C. C H 3 C O O H va C2H5COOH.

D . C H 3 C O O H va C H 2 = C H C O O H .

Bao toan nguyen to O: no

+

chua 2 nguyen tu oxi

no = 2 mol.
(COOH) +

-

^' xj ^

u

So nguyen t u H trung binh ==

2nH20

^han xet: K h i cho axit cacboxylic tac dung voi N a H C O a ta luon c6:
nc02~'^COOH

2.2

,\

r

1 41 / ^

^

!'

^ = — =4

no (X) = 2.

So nguyen t u C trung binh = ^ ^ ^ ^ = M

V^WM**

_^ 0,7 + 2.

,

J

t, > ,i,

•

= 2.0,35 = 0,7 mol.
22,4

22,4

:>&':( nx'r-i^

= 2.

44

+ nH,o
^

"H2O

1,1 = 0,8 + a

*

'\

a = 0,3 mol

D a p an B.

(

phan u n g het voi dung dich NaHCOa thu dugc 6,72 lit C O 2 (dktc). Dot chay
hoan toan m gam X can 10,08 lit O 2 (dktc), thu dugc 24,2 gam C O 2 v a a gam
H2O.

G i a tri cua a la

A. 3,6.
-> Loai B v a D (vi cac axit chiia so'nguyen tu H > 4.
+

2ncooH = 2 n c o 2

no(X) =

Vi dy 10: H o n hgp X gom axit fomic, axit acrylic va axit oxalic. C h o m gam X

2 no, = 2 nco, + nH,o '

2 + 2.2,4 = 2 n c o 2 + 2 -> n c o 2 = 2,4mol.

^ D . 0,8.

• Led giai:

Bao toan nguyen to O: no (X) + 2 n o j = 2 n c o 2

Nhan thay X chua 2 axit cacboxylic don chiic
->• no = 2ncooH = 2nx

C.0,6.

>v.j:: /:>.,•.

Lai giai:

^

B.0,3.

» i

mol X can 2,4 mol O 2 , thu dugc C O 2 v a 2 mol H 2 O . Cong thiic hai axit la

^

y i dy 9: H o n hgp X gom axit axetic, axit fomic va axit oxalic. K h i cho m gam X
(Jot chay hoan toan m gam X can 4,48 lit khi O 2 (dktc), thu dugc 17,6 gam

nH20= 0,2 mol.

V i d u 7: H o n hgp X gom hai axit cacboxylic don chuc. Dot chay hoan toan i

'

Khang Vi^t

tac dung voi N a H C O a (du) thi thu dugc 7,84 lit khi C O 2 (dktc). Mat khac,

•

12
Mat khac: n H 2 0 = n a x u - ^ Maxit =

MTV I3VVH

B. 7,2.

" '

7,t«.+Upx

C . 8,4.

D . 10,8. •
Lai giai:
mo3;VBa , ( ! )
<:> :^.<^(r..:

" " x ""'"^

= 2,4

K h i cho axit cacboxylic tac dung voi N a H C O s ta luon c6: n c o 2 ~ ricooH
'

-> Loai A (vi cac axit chua so'nguyen t u C < 2).
Dap an D .

V i dv 8: C h o cac phatbieu sau:^''

•>inoic{mq «/J

(a) Andehit v u a c6 tinh oxi hoa vira c6 tfnh k h u .
(b) Phenol tham gia phan ling the brom kho hon benzen.'™^'*

S''"

(c) Andehit tac d y n g voi H 2 (du) (xiic tac N i , t°) thu dugc ancol bac mot.
(d) D u n g dich axit axetic tac dyng dugc voi Cu(OH)2.
(e) D u n g djch phenol trong nuoc lam quy tim hoa do.

'

" P

(g) Trong cong nghif p, axeton dup-c san xuat tir cumen.
So phat bieu diing la
^ A. 4.

6 72
2. - r — = 2.0,3 = 0,6 mol.., ( i i

-> no(x) = 2ncooH = 2 n c o 2

' ''
B.3.

C.5.

•'*4i«>JS

D.2.

LbigiaU

.:>inor,;'

Bao toan nguyen to O : no(X) + 2 n o 2 = 2 n ( ; o 2 + n H 2 0
-> 0,6 + 2

^ = 2. ^

.

+ nH20 ^

j,,jr.,0;i(f;

n H 2 0 = 0^4 mol.

.

^^v.,,

>Ta'^''ri'^

" ^ H 2 0 = 0,4.18 = 7,2 g a m D a p an B.
V i d u 11: T'-ung hoa 3,88 gam hon hgp X gom hai axit cacboxylic (no, don
chuc, mach ho) bang dung dich N a O H vira dii, c6 can toan bp dung dich
sau phan ling thu dugc 5,2 gam muoi khan. N e u dot chay hoan toan 3,88
gam X thi the tich oxi (dktc) can diing la
A. 1,12 lit.

,

B. 4,48 lit.

'om t:,*'

C . 3,36 lit.

*,':jti

,

^o.ii^.
D . 2,24 lit.

Lai giai:

Phat bieu (b) sai v i phenol c6 the phan ung voi n u a c brom ngay 0 dieu ki?n
thuong 6 tao thanh 2,4,6-tribromphenol.

Ggi cong thuc cua hai axit: CfiH2n02.

Phat bieu (e) sai v i dung djch phenol c6 tinh axit rat yeu, y e u hon ca axit

Nhan xet:

cacbonic nen khong c6 kha nang lam chuyen mau qui tim.

1 mol - C O O H

> 1 mol - C O O N a

khoi lugng tang 22 gam.

Cac phat bieu dung: (a), (c), (d), (g) -> Dap an A . 1 f^'"''" g i K w r i q Ofiv mft
313


dm

Cty TNHH M rv DVVH Khang Vigt

nang On luy$n thi djii hpc 18 chuy6n 66 H6a hpc - Nguyin Van HAi

Tang giarn kho'i l i r g n g : n x =

—

=

0,06 m o l .

So'nguyen t u cacbon t r u n g b i n h =

=
nx

^ . M x =14n + 32 = ^ ^ = —
0,06
3

n = - .
ruiel .nrjo^t .
3
, . , . ,
7
K h i do't chay X: n ^ o j = riH20 ^ ^-^x ^ ~ •0'06 = 0,14 m o l .
3

->

VQ^ = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 l i t

'^H20

D a p an C.

nx

C. (Y), (T), (Z), (X).
X mfT> f(i

+

'^'tr^

B. (X), (Z), (T), (Y).

,

, ^

D . (Y), (T), (X), (Z).

;

'

Laigidi:

,

cmuV'. aori noi)

.,

D a y cac chat d u g c sap xe'p theo chieu tang d a n t i n h axit la

f,

C2H5OH < CeHsOH < C H 3 C O O H < H C l

,

,±'.1
y:j. H J .'_

O I i-D .

+ N e u la B: H C O O H = x m o l , H O O C - C H 2 - C O O H = y m o l .

>fi s:(yti :c-

-> n x = x + y = 0,3; n c o 2 = x + 3y = 0,5; n N a O H = x + 2y = 0 , 5

ni>fkj 1*: ^

- > V 6 n g h i e m - > L o a i B.

"^H*

J

V i d u 1 5 : H e n h g p M g o m hai axit cacboxylic d o n chuc X va Y (Mx > M Y ) C6 tong

, j,

kho'i l u g n g la 8,2 gam. C h o Z tac d u n g vira d u v o i d u n g d i c h N a O H , t h u

. u , , , ,,iio,;

dugc d u n g d i c h chiia 11,5 gam m u o i . M a t khac, neu cho M tac d y n g v o i m g t
l u g n g d u d u n g d i c h AgNOa/NHs, t h u dugc 21,6 g a m A g . Ten go- ciia X la
A . A x i t metacrylic.

gidi:

T h i i t u sap xe'p nhi?t d g soi: d i m e t y l ete < ancol etylic < axit axetic < axit

,? .^^

Ggi cong thuc ciia X la R C O O H .
22 5 § 2
Tang g i a m kho'i l u g n g : n j ^ = — ' ^ ' = 0,15 m o l

propionic.
Giai thick: D i m e t y l ete k h o n g tao d u g c lien ke't h i d r o , ancol etylic c6 lien ke't
f

A x i t p r o p i o n i c v a axit axetic c6 luc lien ke't h i d r o t u o n g d u o n g n h a u nhung

C. A x i t p r o p i o n i c . D . A x i t fomic.

Nhqn xet: V i M c6 p h a n u n g trang bac -> M chua axit H C O O H (Y) v a
ny =
= ^^'^ = 0 1 mol
oii.
2
108.2

D.Y,T,X,Z.

h i d r o n h u n g ye'u h o n axit cacboxylic.

B. A x i t acrylic.
Laigidi:

d g soi la
Lai

N e l l la A : H C O O H = x m o l , H O O C - C O O H = y m o l .

-/^ P

Thoa m a n .

d i m e t y l ete (T). D a y g o m cac chat d u g c sap xe'p theo chieu tang d a n nhiet
C. T, X, Y, Z .

srt <; > u ; i 14 o / i : :

yi'ifi-ya.n

-> x = 0,1; y = a 2

V i di^ 13: C h o cac chat: axit propionic (X), axit axetic (Y), ancol etylic (Z) va

B.Z,T,Y,X.

1

n x = X + y = 0,3; n c o j = x + 2y = 0,5; nNaOH= x + 2y = a 5 .

—>^ D a p an C.

A.T,Z,Y,X.

= i,67

0,3

Thu 50:50:

j , , „.,

sap xe'p theo tinh axit tang d a n ( t u trai sang
-

nx

X chua m g t axit da c h u c - > L o a i C va D .

^'^^

phai) la:
A . (T), (Y), (X), (Z). :i«f < y

.w>:- 5 ,

So'nhom chuc - C O O H t r u n g b i n h = ^ ^ M . = UNaOH ^ M

V i d u 12: Cho cac chat H C l (X); C2H5OH (Y); C H 3 C O O H (Z); CsHsOH (phenol)
(T). D a y g o m cac cha't dugc

iji;ii.^,.,ti.

, - J •ij.-j.f

X chua axit fomic: H C O O H .

^

Bao toan n g u y e n t o ' O : 2n x + 2no2 = 2nco2

= 1,67.
0,3",

n x = 0,05

0,1.46 + 0,05.(R + 45) = 8,2 -> R = 27 (C2H3).
-> X l a C H 2 = C H C O O H - >

DapanB.

,„

(-•••< V )

»,'

'••V

axit p r o p i o n i c c6 kho'i l u g n g p h a n t u Ian h o n nen c6 n h i ^ t d g soi cao h o n .

3. B A I T A P O N

- > D a p an A .

Bai 1: Cho 2,25 g a m m g t andehit X ( d o n chuc, mach h o ) p h a n u n g v o i l u g n g

L U Y E N

V i d y 14: C h o h o n h g p X g o m h a i axit cacboxylic (no, mach cacbon khong

d u d u n g d j c h AgN03/NH3, d u n nong. L u g n g A g sinh ra cho p h a n l i n g he't

k

p h a n n h a n h ) . Do't chay hoan toan 0,3 m o l X, t h u d u g c 11,2 l i t k h i CO2

v o i axit HNO3 loang, thoat ra 2,24 l i t k h i N O (san p h a m k h u d u y nhat, d o 6

(dktc). N e u t r u n g h o a 0,3 m o l X t h i can d i i n g 500ml d u n g d i c h N a O H i M

dktc). C o n g t h u c ca'u tao t h u g g n cua X la

H a i axit d o la:

A.CH3CHO.

.,t,

A. H C O O H , H O O C - C O O H .
C. H C O O H , C 2 H 5 C O O H .

tiw'g It B. H C O O H , H O O C - C H 2 - C O O H .
^

D. H C O O H , CHsCOOH.

Laigidi:
"CO? =

^

314

11 2

•:rrT = 0,5 m o l ;
22,4

nNaOH= 0/5.1 = 0,5 m o l .

2:

'

B.HCHO.

'

C. C2H.SCHO.

.'
D.CH2=CHCHO.

Cho 0,1 m o l andehit X tac d u n g v o i l u g n g d u d u n g d i c h AgN03/NH3,

d u n n o n g t h u d u g c 43,2 g a m A g . H i d r o hoa X t h u d u g c Y, bie't 0,1 m o l Y
- itftr

.rr.
i „.„

p h a n u n g v u a d i i v o i 4,6 g a m N a . Cong thuc ca'u tao t h u g g n cua X la
A. H C H O .

B. C H 3 C H O .

C.OHC-CHO.

D. CH3CH(OH)CHO.

f
315


Ca'ni iiantj on liiySii thi dai lipc V, chuySn

H6a hpc - NguySn VSn H5i

Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t

Bai 3: Dot chay hoan toan a mol mot andehit X (mach ho) tao ra b mol C O 2 va
mol H 2 O (biet b = a + c). Trong phan ung trang bac, mpt phan tu X chi cho 2
i

electron. X thuoc day dong dang andehit
A. no, don chuc.

,

B. khong no c6 hai noi doi, don chuc.

; i|

ji.ij,..s>mi,

,,

A. 17,8.

• ' '

gai 1^-

• ^;eS;0<'

, .

-

Bai 5: D u n nong V h't hoi andehit X (mach ho) voi 3V h't khi H 2 (xuc tac Ni) de'n
khi phan ung xay ra hoan toan thu dugc hon hgp khi Y c6 the tich 2V lit
(cac the tich khi do 6 cung dieu kien). Ngung tu Y thu duoc chat Z ; cho 2
,

tac dung voi N a sinh ra H2 c6 so' mol bang so' mol Z da phan ling. Chat X la
andehit

; "git(?ui

A. khong no (mot no'i doi C = C ) , hai chiic.

it j|itiji;

8 ° " ^ andehit X (no, don chuc, mach ho) va

B. C2H2.

C . C3H6.

D. C2H4.

Bai 11: H o n hgp 1,89 gam hon hgp gom hai andehit don chiic X va Y (Mx < M Y )
tac dung voi mot lugng d u AgN03/NH3, thu dugc 18,36 gam A g va dung
dich E . C h o E tac dung voi dung djch H C l (du), thu dugc 0,784 lit khi CO2
(dktc). Ten cua Y la

'OUy.j..^.:i. .-.J

, .A.)

• u..- ....

A. Andehit axetic.

B. Andehit acrylic.

:\V'}H >,

C. Andehit propionic.

D . Andehit butiric.

Ofiun

B. Propan-l-ol.

C . Xiclopropan.

"'"'^

D . Propan-2-ol.

lugng Ion hon khoi lugng M la 1 gam. Dot chay hoan toan M thu dugc 30,8
''''

'

gam CO2. Cong thuc va phan tram so mol cua X Ian lugt la

C h o 0,25 mol mot andehit mach ho X phan ving v a i lugng d u dung djch

A. H C H O va 60%.

B. C H 3 C H O va 60%.

AgNOa/NHa, thu dugc 54 gam A g .

C. C H 3 C H O va 40%.

D . H C H O va 40%.

:

£

K h i cho X phan ung vai H 2 d u (xiic tac N i , t°) thi 0,125 mol X phan ung het
mol H 2 . ^

'

:'l^fi.'

'^.rt?|f,::^:

A. C n H 2 n ( C H O ) 2 (n > 0).

_

C . C n H 2 n - i C H O (n > 2).

^

B. C n H 2 n . i C H O (n > 0).

J" '

d u dung djch AgN03/NH3, thu dugc 43,2 gam ket hia va dung djch chua
17,5 gam muo'i amoni ciia hai axit hiiu CO. G i a trj cua m la
B. 10,9.

C . 14,3.

D.

Tong so' cac nguyen tu trong mot phan tu Y la
B. 7.

C . 6.

' * vq\„,

D . 9. K./;t.| ,.rr ,

Bai 15: Dot chay hoan toan 7,6 gam hon hgp M gom mgt axit cacboxylic X (no,
don

chuc, mach ha) va mgt ancol dan chuc Y (c6 so nguyen tu cacbon

trong phan tu khac nhau) thu dugc 0,3 mol C O 2 va 0,4 mol H 2 O . T h u c hien
phan ung este hoa 7,6 gam hon hgp tren vai hi^u sua't 80% thu dugc m gam

10,2.

Bai 8: H o n hgp X gom hai ancol (no, don chvic, mach ho, ke tiep nhau trong
day dong dang). Oxi hoa hoan toan 0,2 mol X c6 khoi lugng m gam bang
C u O a nhiet dg thich hgp, thu dugc hon hgp san pham huu ca Y . C h o Y ta^"
dung voi mot lugng d u dung djch AgN03/NH3, thu dugc 54 gam A g . G''^
trj cua m la
A. 15,3.

chay hon hgp M thu dugc CO2 va H2O c6 so mol bang nhau. C h o 0,10 mol

A. 10.

D . C n H 2 n - 3 C H O (n > 2).

Bai 7: C h o m gam hon hgp etanal va propanal phan ung hoan toan voi lugng

iamj:

Bai 14: H o n hgp M gom hai andehit X va Y, trong do Mx < M Y < l,6Mx. Dot
hon hgp M vao lugng d u dung djch AgN03/NH3 thu dugc 0,25 mol Ag.

Chat X CO cong thuc ung voi cong thuc chung la

A . 9,5.

T-r,v>',.

mach ha, dong dang ketiep, Mx < M Y ) , thu dugc hon hgp hai ancol c6 khoi
'^"v

Bai 6: C h o X la mot andehit mach ha.

voi 0,25

'

Bai 13: Hidro hoa hoan toan hon hgp M gom hai andehit X va Y (no, don chuc,

D. no, don chuc.

316

D . 8,8.

hidrocacbon Y, c6 tong so mol la 0,2 (nx < nv). Dot chay hoan toan M , thu

A. C u m e n .

C . khong no (mot no'i doi C = C ) , don chuc.

-

C.10,5.

Bai 12: Trong cong nghiep, axeton dugc dieu che'tu

B. no, hai chuc.

-

'^^P ^

A. CH4.

B. C 2 H S O H , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2 .

D. H C O O C 2 H 3 , C2H2, CH3COOH.

C. C2HSOH, C2H2, C H s C O O C z H s .

B.24,8.

dugc 8,96 lit khi CO2 (dktc) va 7,2 gam H2O. Cong thiic phan tu ciia Y la

Bai 4: Day gom cac chat deu dieu che true tiep tao ra andehit axetic la:

A. C H 3 C O O H , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 .

17,92

lit khi O2 (dktc). G i a tri cua m la
r

- v v

mach ho, ketiep nhau trong day dong dSng) thu dugc (m + 1) gam hon hgp
hai ancol. Mat khac, khi dot chay hoan toan m gam X thi can v u a du

C . khong no c6 mot noi doi, don chuc. >J « - v'srtt eb :l i x t iom (A, .10

D. no, hai chuc.

p^i 9: Hidro hoa hoan toan m gam hon hop X gom hai andehit (no, don chiic,

este. G i a tn ciia m la
A. 8,16.

B. 4,08.

C . 2,04.

D . 6,12.

Jai 16: H o a h a i 7,32 gam hon hgp M gom axit X (no, d a n chuc, mach ha) va
axit Y (no, da chuc, mach cacbon ha, khong phan nhanh) thu dugc mgt the
tich hoi bang the tich cua 3,2 gam O2 (do trong cung dieu kien nhiet do, ap

suat). Dot chay hoan toan 7,32 gam M, thu dugc 10,12 gam C O 2 . Cong thuc

t B . 13,5.

C.8,1.

D . 8,5.

O

ca'u tao cua X, Y Ian lugt la
317


Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang ViQt

dm nang On luy^n thi dgi hgc 18 chuy6n dfi H6a hpc - Nguyjn Van Hai

A. H - C O O H va H O O C - C O O H .
B. C H 3 - C O O H va H O O C - C H 2 - C H 2 - C O O H .
C . C H 3 - C H 2 - C O O H va H O O C - C O O H .

' '

'

r ' ^ " '

D. C H 3 - C O O H va H O O C - C H 2 - C O O H .

1^

.i>-

'

SO do phan ung: R - C H O
Bao toan electron:

Bai 17: C h o 5,92 gam axit h u u co X (don chuc, mach ho) tac dyng het v6i

..^••ri.S.

-••'•^f-..'.Hpw:..i..,.:.sy

^ ^^^"^^

nAg = 3 n N O

> Ag ^ "^"^ > NO.

= 0,3 mol.

*

•'

"

•

]Slhan xet: Cac cha't trong dap an chi trang bac voi ti le mol 1:2 hoac 1:4.

C a C O s thu dugc 7,44 gam muoi cua axit huu co. Ten gpi cua X la

+ Neu nx : nAg = 1:2 - > nx = 0,15 mol - > Mx = 2,25/0,15 = 15 - > Loai.

A. axit metacrylic.

+ Neu nx : UAg = 1:4
nx = 0,075 mol
Mx = 2,25/a075 = 30
X la H C H O - > D a p an B. iou y..m)

B. axit acryhc.

C . axit propionic.

D . axit fomic.

Bai 18: Hai chat X va Y co cung cong thuc phan tu C2H4O2. Chat X phan ung
dugc voi kim loai N a va tham gia phan ung trang bac. Chat Y phan ling duoc
voi kim loai N a va hoa tan Augc CaCOs. Cong thuc cua X, Y Ian lugt la:
A. H O C H 2 C H O , C H 3 C O O H .

B. H O C H 2 C H O , H C O O C H 3 .

C. CH3COOH, HOCH2CHO.

D. HCOOCH3, CH3COOH.

Bai 19: Trung hoa 8,2 gam hon hop M gom axit fomic va mot axil don chuc X
can 100ml dung dich N a O H 1,5M. Neu cho 8,2 gam M tac dung voi mot
luong d u dung d}ch AgNOs /NH3, dun nong, thu dugc 21,6 gam A g . Ten
gpicuaX-la
A. Axit acrylic.

^foi'l'^'HRCloi'^L
B. Axit propanoic.

'

deu tac dyng voi Na; X tac dung dugc voi N a H C O s con Y co kha nang tham
gia phan ung trang bac. Cong thuc cau tao cua X va Y Ian lugt la
A. C2H5COOH, HCOOC2H5.

B. HCOOC2H5, H O C H 2 C O C H 3 .

C. HCOOC2H5, H O C H 2 C H 2 C H O .

D . C2H5COOH, C H 3 C H ( O H ) C H O .

Bai 21: Cho hai chat h u u co X, Y (chiia C , H , O ) co Mx < M Y < 82. C a X va Y deu
CO kha nang tham gia phan ling trang bac v a deu phan ung dvqic voi dung
dich K H C O 3 sinh ra khi CO2. T i khoi hai cua Y so voi X co gia tri la
A. 1,47.

B. 1,61.

C . 1,57.

D . 1,91.

Bai 22: H o n hgp X gom H C O O H v a C H 3 C O O H (ti 1? mol 1:1). L a y 5,3 gam X
tac dyng voi 5,75 gam C2H5OH (co xuc tac H2SO4 dac) thu dugc m gam estc
(hieu suat cua cac phan ung este hoa deu bang 80%). G i a tri ciia m la
A. 10,12.

B.6,48.

C.8,10.

D . 16,20.

Bai 23: K h i cho a mol mgt hgp chat huu co X (chua C , H , O ) phan ung hoan
toan voi N a hoac voi N a H C 0 3 thi deu sinh ra a mol khi. Chat X la
A. Etylen glicol.
C . Ancdl o-hidroxibenzylic.

*

^

•••'•V

^

o;.

N M „ . . , : ^ =M =4 ^ L o , i B v a D .

nv
0,1
Ma:

ny

=

0,1

'

= 2 ^ Y la ancol hai chuc - > X la andehit hai chuc.

->DapanC.

d

Nhan xet: K h i dot chay X : a = b - c - > n x = UQQ^ -nyi^

XVa andehit

chua 2 lien ket TT (vi X mach ha) - > X la no, hai chuc hoac khong no (mgt
noi doi C=C), don chuc.

:~:

^

'

Mat khac, trong phan ung trang bac, mgt phan t u X chi nhuang 2 electron
- > X la andehit don chuc.
- > X la andehit khong no (mgt noi doi C=C), don chuc, m^ch ho
-^DapanC.

^

»

Bai 4:
Nhan xet: Bai nay kiem tra kien thuc ve dieu che. Cac phan ung hoa hgc:
C2H5OH + C u O

'° ) C H 3 C H O + C u + H2O

2CH2=CH2 + O 2 2 C H 3 C H O
C H < : H + H2O
->DapdnB.

"^^^„"^ > C H 3 C H O
,

,,,

..

: ;3gH sofl finfrJ grir" • :

.^amc^r-

'•H^i'-

B a i 5:

Nhan xet: Phan ung hoan toan - > X phan ung het (V lit), H2 con du.
The tich H2 da phan ung = 3V - V = 2V .

B.CH3COOH.
4, ,

•

D . Axit 3-hidroxipropanoic.

nhiet dp soi cao nhat?
C. HOCH2CHO.

;'

nAg = 0,4 mol, nNa = 0,2mol.

B. Axit adipic.

Bai 24: Bon cha't dong phan sau day deu co phan tir khoi bang 60. Chat nao co
A.HCOOCH3.

Bai2:

s ^-

'" •"^.mfrm...

C . Axit etanoic. D . Axit metacrylic.

Bai 20: H a i hgp chat h u u co X, Y co cung cong thuc phan t u C3H6O2. C a X va Y

•31«

4 Hl/CyNG D A N - L 6 1 G I A I
pail:

D . CH3CH2CH2OH.

-> ^
= ^ = 2 ^ phan tu X CO 2 lien ket n.
Vx
V
^

: 0 ot
'

nioi
^^

'

'

X la no, hai chuc hoac khong no (mgt noi doi C = C ) , dan chuc - > Loai A
va D .
•^19


Ca'm nang 6n luyen thi dgi hpc 18 chuySn dg Hoa hpc - Nguyin Van Hii

Cty TNHH IVITV DWH Khang Vigt

Ma ancol Z tac dung vol N a thu dugc nj^^ = nz

gai 10: n c o i =

—> Z 2 chiic - > X la andehit hai chiic —> Dap an B.

Bai6:

,

i'»„' ,

,

chay cho n c o 2 =

^Ae
05
Nhan xet: — — = —-— = 2 -> X la andehit don chiic -> L o a i A.
• .
nv

0,25
, .•.

nx

->

chay cung tao ra n c o 2 =

CH3-CHO
Mol:

'

^ Cong thiic

nM

^=2 .

^, ,

,

'

.„^

r •

,,.„„; ,u

-> N e u Y la C2H4 thi X la C H s C H O (deu chua 2 nguyen hi' C ) .

, .'

' '

T h u dap an C : Y la C3H6 (a mol) v a X la H C H O (b m o l ) .

.Ur^

a + b = 0,2; a + 3b = 0,4 - > a = b = 0,1 - > Loai vi theo bai nx < nY ^ Dap an D .

^AgN03^NH3 ^ CH3COONH4 + 2Ag.

a

c
C2H5-CHO

Mol:

Bai 11:

2a

Nhan xet: K h i cho E + axit H C l giai phong khi C O 2

^AgN03^NH3 ^ C2H5COONH4 + 2Ag.

b

b^-^.'.' •

Ta c6: 2a + 2b = 0,4; 77a + 91b = 17,5

2b

So do phan ling:
HCHO

^,

Mol:

a = 0,05; b = 0,15.

m = 0,05.44 + 0,15.58 = 10,9 gam - > Dap an B.

Mol:

= — = 2 , 5 < 4 - > Y chua H C H O .
1011
ny
0,2
n,
.
/
^

^
^
•
—> H a i ancol la C H s O H va C2H5OH (vi hai ancol la dong dang ke tiep).
So do phan u n g

C2H5OH

"^0"° > H C H O
) CH3CHO

^

4a
"W^NH,

b

^

> CO2

a •

^ 2Ag + R C O O N H 4
2b

'

' a ' -v,^''^'^•••>

, n.>d;f>n>t n-Jiunno'e

^

, w /
'

-'

"

mx = 0,035.30 + (R + 29).0,015 = 1,89 - > R = 27 ( C H 2 = C H - ) .

*•
''

~> Y la andehit acrylic - > Dap an B.
,

•''
A

.

"'

Luu y: Trong cong nghiep, khi oxi hoa cumen (isopropylbenzen) bang oxi
roi thiiy phan trong dung dich H2SO4 loang se thu dugc axeton v a phenol:

^AgN03.NH3 ^ 2Ag.

C 6 H 5 C H ( C H 3 ) 2 + O2 — C e H s O H

T a c6: a + b = 0,2; 4a + 2b = 0,5 - > a = 0,05; b= ai5.

- > Dap an A.
Bai 13:

- > m = 0,05.32 + 0,15.46 = 8,5 gam - > Dap an D .

Bai 9:

Tang giam kho'i lugng: nx =

"^"^^"^"^"^ > 4Ag + (NH4)2C03

Bail2:

^ASN03^NH3 ^

+ CH3COCH3
''

^ . - ^ ^ —

^

Phuong trinh hoa hoc: R - C H O + H2 —

Phuong trinh hoa hpc: R - C H O + H2 —

••;^*
Ta c6: a = 0,035 mol; 4a + 2b = 0,17 4 b = 0,015. ' '

Nhan xet: 2 <

CH3OH

X chua H C H O .

,^ o ' ' * " ' H ' ' ' ^ ' • • : : ; < "

'

a

RCHO

Bai 8:

^ R- CHjOH

Tang giam kho'i lugng: nj^ =

1-0

^

^ •

^ R- CHjOH

HQ

^^
,
= 0,5 mol.

-0,0

——- = 0,5 mol.

Nhan xet: Dot chay andehit no, don chuc, mach ho ->

TXQQ^

So nguyen tu C trung binh =

= ni^20-

-> 0,5 + 2.0,8 = 2 nco2 + ^^HzO -> 3 nco2 = 2,1 -> n c o j = n H 2 0 = 0,7.

=

-> Andehit ke tiep la C H 3 C H O .

Bao toan nguyen to O : 1 .nx + 2 TYQ^ = 2 n^Q^ + n^^Q
,

mx = mco2 + ^H20- r"02 = 0'7-44 + 0,7.18 - 0,8.32 = 17,8 gam->' D a p an A

= 1,4

X c6 chua H C H O .

•««

Ta c6: a + b = 0,5; a + 2b = 0,7.

1

a = 0,3; b = 0,2

%nHCHO =

.:h^'-'
if'

•*

Dat: H C H O = a mol; C H 3 C H O = b mol.

Bao toan khoi lugng:

320

T^H20

Neu Y la C3H6 thi X la H C H O (chua so'nguyen tu C Ion hon v a nho hon 2).

So do phan ung:

3

T^H20

So nguyen tu C trung bmh =

= ^'
= 2 ^ phan tu X chiia 2 lien ket 7i —> X la no, hai chuc hn3„
0,125
^

Bai 7:

^

,

cua Y CO dang CnH2n -> Loai A, B.

khong no (mpt no'i doi C=C), don chiic —> Loai B v a D —> D a p an C .

.

„ ,
,
7,2

= 0,4 mol; n H 2 0 =
=°'^

Nhan xet: n c o 2 = i^H20 • D o X la andehit no, don chuc, mach ho, nen khi

H,n t < 1 >

.)

8,96

^1
' ' ' •

•5^-^°°°/°

=

~^

'

. j , ; j ^.

321


{Jarn riang 6ii luySf: ilii dai noc 18 chuyen tie l!6a lioc

Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t

Myiiyt-in V3n HSi

Bail4:
Nhqn xet: D o t chay M t h u d u g c 11^02 = r'H20
chuc, mach ho.

M chiia 2 andehit no, (J^j^
" '

' ' '

;

;

Nhanxet:

nvAnu'^

la

) . 1

- u^tn

X l a axit no, d o n chuc, m a c h h o

ifJl i H . ^ c!

iIJ».i

I i,i '

. i '

'

Bao toan k h o i l u g n g : m ^ = m c +

'

—

-

1 molRCOOH
744. _
- > nx = • '

Ta c6: n c o j = 0,05.1 + 0 , l . n = 0,3 ^ n = 2,5 -> Loai.

Ta c6: nco2 " ^'^"^ + a05(n+l) = 0,3
<
->

n = 3 -> Y la C3H7COOH._
> C3H7COOCH3 + H2O

.5

(

0,04

,

' j r
"
< ,11 '

> ^ mol(RCOO)2Ca

k h o i l u g n g tang 19 gam.

c; 9 2

'

''iM;saU

= 0,08 m o l

X la C H 3 - C H 2 - C O O H

D a p an C.

' '

- -

•

'

'< ' - " v '

'^-''>''

X tac d u n g d u g c v d i N a va c6 p h a n u n g trang bac —> X chua ca n h o m chuc
- O H va - C H O - > X la H O C H 2 C H O

. ' i fWi <|6'J s

Loai C v a D .

+ Y p h a n u n g d u g c v o i k i m loai N a va hoa tan d u g c CaC03

Y la axit

- > D a p an A .

Bail6:

'"'-^^.u
3'2
,
10,12
,
"02 = ^ = O'l m o l ; nco2 = — - ; - = 0,23 m o l .
32

" ^ 4 4

Nhanxet:
+

cacboxylic - > Y la C H 3 C O O H .

= 0,04.102 = 4,08 g a m ^ D a p an B.
' 3 "

Nhqn xet: Y la axit no, d a chiic, c6 mach cacbon ho, k h o n g p h a n n h a n h -> ^
chiia 2 n h o m chuc ( v i neu chua t u 3 n h o m chuc t r o len, m a c h cacbon s5

"•

Bai 19:

•

Ggi cong t h u c ciia X la R - C O O H .
1
1
T h e o b a i : ny[QQQi^= — n^^=—.0,2

<
M

'" ' " i

1

M
l

'

= Q,'\.mo\.

>^NaOH=0'15-> n H C O O H + n R - C O O H = 0 ' 1 5

-> m = 0,1.46 + 0,05.(R + 45) = 8,2

:

„

BailS:

CnH2n.iCOOH = 0,05 m o l .

322

j

MRCOOH = 5,926/0,08 = 74 ^

Vay Y chua 1 n g u y e n h i cacbon -> Y la C H s O H = 0,1 m o l . G g i X la

Theo b a i : n x = no2 T^P,1 m o l .

.

f i i j'•

, , ,M

Nhqn xet: Tang -giam kho'i l u g n g

CnH2n.iOH = 0,1 m o l .

phan nhanh).

_ ^
' •

' ,

N e u X chua 1 n g u y e n t u cacbon -> X la H C O O H = 0,05 m o l . G o i Y la

- > meste

,
"•

Bail7:

1 n g u y e n t u cacbon.

0,05.80%

,

\^ ^

a = 0,07; b = 0,03; n = 3

M a t khac, X, Y c6 so n g u y e n t u cacbon khac nhau -> M chua m o t chat chua

Mol:

J

-> Y la H O O C - C H 2 - C O O H - > D a p an D. _,

0/15

Phan u n g este hoa:
C3H7COOH + CH3OH

,

•^

T a c 6 : a + b = 0 , l ; 2a + nb = 0,23 va 60a + (14n + 62)b = 7,32
^

03

So n g u y e n t u cacbon t r u n g b i n h : Q M ) = —— = 2 .

, ,,

a = 0,07;b = 0,03;n = 16/3-> Loai.
Vay: X la C H 3 C O O H (a m o l )

..

-> m o = 7,6 - 0,3.12 - 0,8.1 = 3,2 -> n o = 0,2 m o l .
Nhqn thay: XXQ = 2nx + n y -> n x = 0,05 m o l -> n ^ = 0,15 m o l

•j

Ta c6: a + b = 0,1; a + nb = 0,23 va 46a + (14n + 62)b = 7,32

' H i , 1 '.Vi

-.jij

mo

N e u X la H C O O H (a m o l )

,
'

->

X la H C O O H hoac C H s C O O H .

Ggi cong thuc cua Y la CnH2n-204 (b m o l ) .

Y la ancol no, d o n

chuc, m a c h ho. Ta c6: n y = n ^ ^ o - I ^ C O T = 0 ' 1 iTiol.
^

1

X la H C O O H hoac C H 3 C O O H

M x < 73,2

+ J r u o n g h o p 2: N e u so cacbon ciia X < 2,3

k h i d o t chay X t h u d u g c nco2 = ^n20-

^

' uC • a

V 6 If v i n g u y e n t u cacbon cua X > 2,3.

li t l i J i ^ ,

khac, k h i d o t chay M , t h u d u g c n ^ j o > "002

'

HOOC-COOH.

M a t khac: M Y = 90 > 73,2
(

i

,M .1
nb.l'V'i

^ T r u o n g h o p 1: N e u so cacbon cua Y < 2,3-> Y chua 2C ( v i Y d a chuc) -> Y

DapanB.

, ^ w) a ) w > > f T B t ^ d ' . 4 *!J

Bail5:

.,.,1.,..,
• .I'M.

•

-> M o t axit c h u a so'nguyen t u cacbon < 2,3. Chia 2 t r u o n g h g p :

- > M chua H C H O (X, M x = 30) - > 30 < M Y < 1,6.30 = 48
YlaCHsCHO^

'J'

7 32
p h a n t u k h o i t r u n g b k i h : M(x) = = 7 3 , 2 . > I

t ' ' " ,

Matkhac: 2 < - ^ = - ! : ^ = 2,5<4

Mat

—
0,23
So'nguyen t u cacbon t r u n g b i n h : C(X) = '
= 2,3.

.

H R . C O O H ^ O'^^-

R = 27 (CH2=CH-).

X la C H 2 = C H C O O H ( A x i t acrylic) -> D a p an A .
.•a'

•

323


Ccim nang On luy^n thi d ? ! hpc 18 chuySn d6 Hoa hpc - NguySn Van HIi

rhuyen de 15

Bai 20:
Nhanxet:
+

•

' ''''' ' ^"•'•'^

''

•

X p h a n l i n g dxxgc v a i k i m loai N a v a N a H C O s

X la axit cacboxylic

Loai B v a C.
+

Y tac d y n g dupe v a i N a va c6 p h a n l i n g trang bac
- O H va - C H O

Y chiia ca nhonn chuc

Loai A .

1. E S T E

V i d u : C H s C O O H + C2H5OH

Bai 21:

,r,£

Nhan xet:

X

Y chiia c£ n h o m - C H O va n h o m - C O O H .
Y la H O O C - C H O (M = 74).

'

,

22:

MY/MX

= 74/46 = 1,61

•

= 0,05. —

+

'

,

^^'MS^i^

+

•yi chiia m o t n h o m - O H .

.•.mrl geru f'-;r!'-?

ngoai n h o m - C O O H , X con
< n V ? •y'i'Vh g a y b -jhi

.(1 Av D iso,.l

-

Este d a chiic: (CH3COO)3C3H5 + 3 N a O H
'*

-

c -

U '

*

,

Nhan xet:

-

'

fif ' >

'^este

;

r

), ..r

> CHaCOONa + CH3CHO

.
'

> CHaCOONa + CeHsONa + H2O

Nhqn xet: San p h a m ciia p h a n u n g la h a i m u o l va

T r o n g cac chat b a i ra, axit axetic c6 l y e lien ket h i d r o m a n h nhat n e n c6
f

"^este

—<

Este ciia p h e n o l :
CHaCOO-CaHs + 2 N a O H

luc lien ket h i d r o .
;•

Este k h o n g no:

> SCHsCOONa + C3H5(OH)3

Nhqn xet: san p h a m ciia p h a n l i n g la andehit.

De so sanh nhiet d o soi ciia cac chat, truoc het ta d a n h gia d p m a n h yeu ciia

nhiet d o soi cao nhat.

..XXJli

" N a O H p J ^ "NaOHbandJu

CH3COO-CH=CH2 + N a O H

0 - f^v H ( .

Bai 24:

'

Thuy phan trong moi truang baza

CH3COOC2H5 + N a O H
> CHsCOONa+C2H5OH '

Nhqn xet: So chuc este =
> a m o l H2

= J i i i l ' . ... r, .
'

Phan img thuy phan cm mot so este dqc biet

> a m o l k h i CO2 - > X c6 m p t n h o m - C O O H

V i a m o l X + N a (du)

.'o-:),?:;

trong moi trudmgaxit

+

- > L o g i A , B, C.

- > D a p an B.

Thuyphdn

Dqc diem: Phan l i n g m o t chieu.

Nhanxet:

- > D a p an D .

ii^y!i^n':r:.i -r.-'v

Dflc rffem: Phan l i n g t h u | n n g h i c h .

' • SV

V i a m o l X + NaHCOs

-

t"

-'-K«.>H fit

= 0,04 m o l .

: . „,, ,,„.,.

©'^^fif; tarn-j^!,:J -

'^-"iVftfJ-'

CH3COOC2H5 + H - O H < = ± C H a C O O H + C2H5OH

'

- » m = 0,04.(74 + 88) = 6,48 gam -> D a p an B.

Bai23:

Esteno,dmchiec:CnH2n02
Este no,/ifli c/iiir: CnH2n-2a

d. T i n h chat hoa hpc

'^^^^^^^^

H i ^ u suat t i n h theo axit.

riHCOOCzHs = nCHgCOOCaHg

> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 ( p r o p y l axetat); CH2=CHCOOCH3 ( m e t y l acrylat).
"''^ '

"

= 0'125 > nx = 0,1

,;

CH3COOC2H5 (etyl axetat); HCOOC2H5 (etyl fomat);

D a p an B.

T r u o c het cac ban t i m so m o l m o i axit deu bang 0,05 m o l .
ncjHgOH

+
+

^' ' ' "

. . T V . . , '

Nhanxet:

<

H SO

c. D a n h p h a p

X la H C O O H (M = 46)

- > T i k h o i ciia Y so v o i X la:

, .

b. c o n g t h t i c

ilk} •

X, Y vira c6 p h a n l i n g t r a n g bac v a tac d u n g v o l K H C O s t^o k h i C O 2 —> X,
Theo bai: Mx < M Y < 82 ^

,

a. D i n h n g h i a
,
Este la san p h a m ciia p h a n l i n g giua axit h i i u co v o i ancol. , ,

—> D a p an D .

Bai

^ .J,,.,

+

Phan img chay: CnH2n02 + ^ ^ y ^ 0 2

— ^

=2.

nC02 + n H 2 0

Nhan xet: K h i d o t chay este no, d o n chiic t h i
"H20

Lim y: Este ciia axit focmic co p h a n u n g trang g u a n g .

>


cty T k , — m r m w

dm nang 6n luy?n thi dgi hpc 18 chuySn di H6a hqc - Nguygn Van Hi\

2. C A C V I D V M A U

,:

,,

r: r •^t

, f ts-

V i du 1: Dot chay hoan toan m gam hon hop X gom hai este dong phan can
diing 27,44 h't khi O z thu dugc 23,52 h't khi C02

va 18,9 gam H2O. Ne'i,

dich sau phan ung thi thu dugc 27,9 gam chat ran khan, trong do c6 a mol
muoi Y v a b mol muoi Z ( M y < M z ) . Cac the tich khi deu do 6 dieu kien
H l M l t J •* hiCXX); M:,}

tieu chuan. T i l e a : b la
W. A . 2 : 3.

B. 4 : 3.

..

C . 3 : 2.

bang so'mol O 2 da phan ung. Ten goi cua este la
A Metyl fomat.

B. Etyl axetat.

Goi este don no don chuc la
CnH2n02

+ ^

nC02

O2

^

mol;

Nhan xet: n

nco2 =

mol;

= " H2O

n H 2 0 = ^'05

mol.

+ nH20

= n -^n =2 ^

C2H4O2

*'

^.te

+ 2n

02

= 2n

+n

0'35 mol.

H 2 O * " Lfe

= M|

A. C H 3 C O O C H 2 C 6 H 5 .

Phan ung hoa hoc:

'

HCOOC2H5 + N a O H — ^

H C O O N a + C2H5OH

Hi

a

a

CH3COOCH3 + N a O H

a -;- b = a35

Loai A, C vi san pham la muoi va ancol:
CH3COOCH2C6H5 + NaOH — ^

•

C6H5COOC2H5 + NaOH — ^

n N n o n du = 0,4

- 0,35

= 0,05

mol.

"

C H 2 = C H - C O O C H 3 ; (4) H C O O C H 3 va (5) C H 3 - C O O C H ( C l ) - C H 3 . So chat
trong day khi bi thuy phan hoan toan trong dung dich kiem tgo ra san
B.5.

+ 2NaOH

(4) : H C O O C H 3

+ NaOH

>

(5) : C H 3 - C O O C H ( C l ) - C H 3 + N a O H
—>• D a p an A.
326

•

•

+

+

, |, ^ .
'

H C O O N a + NaOC6H5C2H5 + H2O

t:r>;^^v;'••;v].<•

,

.

,,:ov

C 2 H 5 C O O N a + C6H50Na + H 2 0

tham gia phan ung voi Na, voi dung dich N a O H va phan ung trang bac. San
pham thuy phan cua X trong moi truong kiem c6 kha nang hoa ^an Cu(OH)2
tao thanh dung dich mau xanh lam. Cong thuc cau tao cua X c6 the la
A. C H 3 C O O C H 2 C H 2 O H .

B. H C O O C H 2 C H ( O H ) C H 3 .

C. H C O O C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 O H .

D. CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CHO.
Lai gidi:

Nhan xet: Theo bai, X bi thuy phan

CH3CHO

C H 3 C H O + 2 N a C l + H2O

> HCOONa

•st'tao

D . 3.

> CH3COONa

(1) : C H 3 C O O - C H = C H 2 + N a O H
(2) : CH3CHCI2

''K^O's/n

C . 2.

C H 3 C O O N a + C6H.SCH2OH

V i du 5: H o p chat huu co X c6 cong thuc phan tii la C4H8O3. X c6 kha nang

V i du 2: Cho day cac chat sau: (1) C H 3 C O O - C H = C H 2 ; (2) CH3CHCI2; (3)

A. 4.

a

C2H5COOC6H5+ 2NaOH — ^

a = 0,2; b = 0,15.

phan ling trang guong la

an D :

i,,,„„,,

C 6 H 5 C O O N a + C2H5OH

HCOOC6H4C2H5 + 2NaOH — ^

> •

i « . " ' ' »u" *

Loai B vi tao muoi H C O O N a c6 phan tu khoi bang 68 < 80:

a

a : b = 0,2 : 0,15 = 4 : 3 - > Dap an B.

CO

vf- '

gidi:

;

CH3COONa + CH3OH

Theo bai: 68a + 82b + 40.0,05 = 27,9

pham

• •'"•'^

D. C2H5COOC6H5.
Lai

Dap
T a c6:

HCOOCH3.

B.HCOOC6H4C2H5.-

= 3 _> 2 este trong X c6 cong thuc phan tu la C3H6O2.

Cong thuc cau tao 2 este la: HCOOC2H5 va CH3COOCH3. '-^^-•'^'^'

, '

g,,,

dung voi dung dich N a O H , tao ra hai muoi deu c6 phan tu khoi Ion hon 80.

C. C 6 H 5 C O O C 2 H 5 .

Mol:

^

Cong thuc cau tao thu gon ciia X la

Bao toan nguyen to oxi: 2n
n = _S22_

'*

Vi du 4: Este X la hop chat thom c6 cong thuc phan tu la C9H10O2. Cho X tac

Cac este deu no, don chuc -> Cong thuc ciia 2

este la C n H 2 n 0 2 .

:-'

. i , m . f l ' ^ , . K « . . , ' U . . r . i r . r , ^^^^

CnH2n02

- > D a p an A.
= 1/225

no2

C . Propyl axetat. D . Metyl axetat.

Laigidi:

nc02='^02

D . 3 : 5.

vigt

v i du 3: K h i dot chay hoan toan mot este no, don chuc thi so mol C O 2 sinh ra

cho m gam X tac dung het voi 400 ml dung dich N a O H I M , c6 can dung
,

mang

,,,

CH3OH

> C H 3 C O O N a + C H 3 C H O + NaCl

bithuyphan.

S?mmriqrrt;^u

X chiia chuc este
„;.,v ,

^

Loai D v i khong
, ^ ... .<-^..'.^ ^

V i X C O phan ling trang bac - > X la este cua axit fomic - > L o a i A.

San pham thuy phan cua X trong moi truong kiem c6 kha nang hoa tan
C u ( O H ) 2 tao thanh dung dich mau xanh lam - > Loai C .
- > D a p dn B. Phan ung hoa hoc:

' '

,.

•

•

327


dm

Cty TNHH MTV DVVH KhangVift

nang On luyQn thi djil hpc 18 chuy6n dg H6a hpc - NguySn Van H^i

V J d v 8: Dc^ chay hoan toan hon hgp X gom hai este dong phan can dung

H C O O C H 2 C H ( O H ) C H 3 + O H " —5%. H C O Q - + H O - C H 2 C H ( O H ) C H 3

15,68 lit khi O2, thu dugc 13,44 lit khi CO2 va 10,8 gam H 2 O . N e u cho m

San pham H O - C H 2 C H ( O H ) C H 3 la ancol da chuc, c6 2 nh6n\H lieVi

gam X tac dung vvra du voi dung dich K O H , c6 can dung dich sau phan

nen c6 kha nang hoa tan Cu(OH)2.

xi'ng thi thu dugc 18,9 gam chat ran khan Y v a hon hgp ancol Z . Thirc hi^n

V i di? 6 (A-12): D u n nong m gam hon hgp X gom cac chat c6 cung mot lo^

phan ling ete hoa hoan toan Z, thu dugc m gam ete. Cac the tich khi deu do

nhom chuc v o l 600ml dung dich N a O H 1,15M, thu dugc dung dich Y ch^g

6 dieu kien tieu chuan. G i a tri cua m la

muo'i cua mpt axit cacboxylic don chuc va 15,4 gam h a i Z gom cac ancol

A. 14,8.

Cho Z tac d y n g voi N a du, thu dugc 5,04 lit khi H 2 (dktc). C o can Y , nurig

B.7,4.
Lai

n 0 2 = 0,7 mol; n

A. 40,60.

, : . , ^ „ B. 22,60.

C . 34,30. i^-^ r,
Lai

n ^^Q^^ = 0,69 mol; n

D . 34,51.

Nhan xet: ncoj

giai:

n o H = 2nH2 ~ ^'^^
Mat khac: n.(;oo- = i^OH = 0,45 mol - >

mi t v S ii.

M RH"

0,45

> r i {<•>'<•

,

-Q ,
" H 2 0 =

^

dem d u n 2,2 gam X voi dung dich N a O H (du), thu dugc 2,05 gam muoi.
Cong thuc cau tao thu ggn ciia X la
C.CH3COOC2H5.

r

,s^,^

D . 10,40

giai:

.

i U;
B. C 2 H 5 C O O C H 3 .

,

0,04

Chat ran la C H a C O O N a - > m = 82.0,04 = 3,28 gam

+ C2H5OH
0,04
D a p an A .

^

J;

D . H C O O C H ( C H 3 ) 2 . ^j,^^^^^..

•
LMgidi:

,,

Ggi cong thiic cua X la R C O O R ' .

neste= 0,1 mol; n^^on = 0,04 mol.
> CHsCOONa

0,1 mol.

V i d\ 9: X la mgt este no don chuc, c6 ti kho'i hoi do'i voi metan bang 5,5. Neu

khan. G i a tri c u a m l a

328

<.rsu > •

0 tf,^

-> m = mete = 7,1 - 0,1.18 = 5,3 gam -> Dap an D .

A. H C O O C H 2 C H 2 C H 3 .

CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH

-1 ff-nn

Bao toan khoi lugng: mz = mete + m ^ 2 0

= 16 ( C H 4 ) —> chpn dap an sai C.

C . 8,20.

<3 r /*

'JO) I |\'

CH3COOK + CH3OH

0,2.74 + 0,2.56 =18,9 + mz -> mz =7,1 gam.

Sau khi phan ling xay ra hoan toan, c6 can dung dich thu dugc m chat ran

Lai

^

Bao toan khoi lugng: meste+mKOH = mv + mz

V i d v 7: X a phong hoa 8,8 gam etyl axetat bang 200ml dung dich N a O H 0,2M

B.8,56.

.0

N h a n xet: Trong phan ung ete hoa ta c6: n H 2 0 =

7,2

I,

HCOOK + C2H5OH

De thay: nKOH = neste = nz = 0,2 mol.

R H la C2H6.

- > n R H = n R c o o N a = 0'45

n^vb " r i !

CH3COOCH3 + KOH —

Luu y: C a c em thuang cho R C O O N a tac dung het 6 phan ijrng voi toi xut,

0,04

C a c este deu no, don chuc -> Cong thuc cua 2

HCOOC2H5 + K O H

m = 0,45.96 + 15,4 - 0,45.40 = 40,6 gam - > Dap an A .

Mol:

= 0,6 mol.

Phan ung hoa hoc:

Bao toan khoi lugng: m + mwaOH = mRcooNa + mz

.

giai:

n = ^}£9l.
n, este = ^ = 3 _^ 2 este trong X c6 cong thuc phan tu la C3H6O2.
Cong thuc cau tao 2 este la: H C O O C 2 H 5 v a C H s C O O C H a . i g QUI

nNaOH du = 0,69 - 0,45 = 0,24 mol.

A. 3,28.

D . 5,3.

Bao toan nguyen to oxi: 2neste + 2 n o 2 = 2 n c o 2 + ^ H J O ~^ ^este = 0,2 mol.

- . \''JJ-^ .
n R C O O N a = 0,45 mol. •:XXJ.),:

Phan ung voi toi xiit ( N a O H het, R C O O N a con du):
„ ^„
' iouni
RCOONa + NaOH
> R H + NaiCOs
Mol:
0,24

0,24
->
0,24

v.

'

este la CnH2n02.

1
> -ONa + - H ,
2 ^

K h i ancol tac dung voi N a : - O H + N a

^

<' '

= 0,225 mol.

Nhan xet: Cac chat trong X la cac este t?o tir cung mot axit cacboxylic don chuc,

MRH= — = 3 0
^
0,24

= 0,6 mol; n

= ^H20

'' '

C.10,3.

nong chac ran thu dugc voi C a O cho den khi phan ung hoan toan, thu duoc
7,2 gam mot chat khi. Gia trj cua m la

'

f j( M ? . 4

Mx = 16.5,5 = 88 - > X la C4H8O2 v a nx = 0,025 mol.
Phan ung hoa hgc:
RCOOR' + NaOH
Mol:
0,025

'
1 '

> RCOONa
0,025

+R'OH
329


ca'm nang on luyen thi dai hpc 18 chuySn 6i

H6a hgc - Nguygn Van Hk\

2 0"^
MRcooNn = —
= 82 - > R + 67 = 88
0,025
V i d u 10: Chat X c6 cong t h i i c p h a n t u la

Cty TIMHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt

J

R = 15 (CHs-) - > D a p an C.
'
^
C4H8O2.

phan ling xa phong hoa
phan l i n g t h i i y p h a n chat beo t r o n g m o i t r u o n g k i e m tao t h a n h g l i x e r o l va

D u n n o n g 7,04 g a m X v o i ] QQ

muo'i cua axit beo (xa phong):

g a m d u n g d i c h N a O H 6%, t h u d u g c d u n g d i c h c6 chua 6,56 g a m m u o i . Vgy

(RCOO)3C3H5 +

cong thuT cua X la :

f>fc,

A . HCOOCH2-CH2-CH3
C. CH3COOC2H5

,

IMOI:

B. CH3CH2CH2COOH ^

,1

nNaOH

RCOOR'

c

Mol:
,;

+

>

RCOONa

0,08

Mniuoi

=

+

= 82
0,08

V i d u 11:

'i

C. M e t y l p r o p i o n a t .

A. 17,80.

^ '-f n

nv = 0,05 m o l ; nKon = 0,15 m o l . G o i cong t h i i c can t i m la R C O O R ' .
+

KOH

— ^

RCOOK

+

R'OH

Chat ran k h a n : K O H = 0,1 m o l ; R C O O K = 0,05 m o l .
56.0,1 + (R + 83).0,05 = 10,5

C. 16,68.

— ^

(RCOO)3C3H5 + 3 N a O H

Y chua 2

Mol:

n g u y e n t i i O —> C o n g t h i i c p h a n t u ciia Y la C4H8O2.
RCOOR'

B. 18,24.

.

D . 18,38.

G(?i cong t h i i c chat beo la (RCOO)3C3H5

Lot gidi:

'or

,^^0

Lai gidi:

D. Isopropyl fomat.

Tir dap an n h a n thay cac este d e u d o n chuc—> Y d o n chuc

.

JaOH. Co can d u n g d i c h t h u d u g c glixerol va m g a m xa p h o n g . Gia t r i ciia

' '-[ftn ,

B. P r o p y l fomat.

^

y i du 1: Xa p h o n g hoa hoan toan 17,24 gam chat beo can v u a d i i 0,06 m o l

v o i 200 g a m d u n g d j c h K O H 4,2%. Sau k h i p h a n u n g hoan, c6 can dung
,,, ,;

,^ ^

ViOVMAU

Este Y c6 cong thuc d o n gian nhat la C2H4O. D u n n o n g 4,4 gam Y

A. Etyl axetat.

.

m,ha-tbeo(g)

.

D a p an C.

d i c h t h u d u o c 10,5 g a m chat ran khan. Ten g o i ciia Y la

^ ^ ,.

Cong t h i i c t i n h : a = i ^ ^ i < O H l ^

j,,mm
:.

- > CH3COOC2H5 ^

beo g o i la chi so'axit (a) ciia chat beo.

,

R + 67 = 82 - > R = 15 (CH3-). ,,

1

So m i l i g a m K O H can de t r u n g hoa het axit beo t u d o c6 t r o n g 1 g a m chat

R'OH

0,08

3

l u o n g n h o axit beo tir do RCOOH.

= 0,15 m o l . Goi cong t h i i c can t i m la R C O O R ' .
NaOH

3

C3H5(OH)3

T h o n g t h u o n g , ngoai triglixerit (RCOO)3C3H5, chat beo con chiia m o t

Lod gidi:
nx = 0,08 m o l ;

1

'" > 3RCOONa +

C h i so axit cua chat beo

D . CH3CH2COOCH3

1,1,'.

3NaOH

'
3RCOONa +

,

,

"' * '

*

C3HsrOH)3

0,06

0,02

..V

I Bao toan k h o i l u o n g :

'

|l7,24 + 0,06.40 = m + 0,02.92

i ' T ;t|.x r i | f l i

m = 17,8 g a m

D a p an A .

^1 d v 2: T h i j y p h a n hoan toan t r i g l i x e r i t X t r o n g d u n g d i c h N a O H , sau p h a n

'•'"> ••i'^'^-^^^'^^•^^^^

R = 15 (CH3-)

^ '

;

l i n g t h u d u o c 0,46 g a m g l i x e r o l ; 1,51 g a m m u o i Ci7H3iCOONa va m g a m

•

m u o i Ci7H35COONa. Gia t r i ciia m la:
A . 3,06.

B. 1,83.

D . 1,54.

C.3,08.

2. C H A T B E G
a. K h a i n i ^ m

jl^glixerol = 0,005; n Ci7H3iCOONa = 0,005.

Chat beo (hay t r i g l i x e r i t ) la este 3 chiic ciia g l i x e r o l v o l cac axit beo.
C o n g t h i i c t o n g quat: (RCOO)3C3H5

Nhan xet: ncj7H3iCOONa + ncj7H35COONa = 3nglixetol = 0,015 m o l .

,

\

b. C a c axit beo thuong gap
C15H31COOH : A x i t p a n m i t i c

C17H35COOH : A x i t stearic

'

C17H33COOH : A x i t oleic

C17H31COOH: A x i t linoleic

;

c. Cac chat beo thirong gap
(Ci5H3iCOO)3C3H5 : T r i p a n m i t i n
(Ci7H33COO)3C3H5: T r i o l e i n

'

nc,7H35COONa = 0,015 - a005 = 0,010.

; ix£

,,

-> m = 0,01.306 = 3,06 g a m

,f
: '

-> D a p an A .
du 3: T h u y p h a n hoan toan 444 g a m m o t loai chat beo t h u d u g c 46 g a m

(Ci7H35COO)3C3H5: Tristearin

glixerol va hai loai axit beo. H a i loai axit beo d o la

(Ci7H3iCOO)3C3H5: T r i l i n o l e i n

A . C17H31COOH va C17H33COOH.

B. C15H31COOH va C17H35COOH.

C. C17H33COOH va C17H35COOH.

D . C17H33COOH va CisKaiCOOH

' :

•

331


C&m nang On luy$n thi djii hi?c 18 chuySn 06 H6a hgc - Nguygn van H5i

LM

CtyTNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt

gidi:

dV 7*

Gpi cong t h u c cua chat beo la (RCOO)2(R'COO)C3H5

l 5 m l d u n g d i c h K O H 0,1M. C h i so' axit cua m a u cha't beo tren la:

Nhan xet: n g i i x e r o i = richat b«> = 0,5 m o l
-> (RCOO)2(R'COO)C3H5=
2R + 173 + R' = 888
Vi

^

A.

= 888

2R + R ' = 715 ^

= 0'68 m o l ; n

C. 0,020.

N h a n thay: 2ruxit nnoieic

m K O H = 2800 m g = 2,8 g a m
Phan u n g hoa hoc:

= n

~ 0/015 m o l

Mol:

'

chat beo tristearin? (biet hieu suat ciia ca qua t r i n h bang 80%)
•••j\CV''.

C. 456,25.

^ 3Ci7H35COONa

+ C3H5(OH)3
500

uwrie,:::

B.9,38.

C. 10,50.

D . 8,82.

Laigidi:

'

0,03

<-

+ C3H5(OH)3
0,01

, Bao toan k h o i lu(?ng: m + 0,03.56 = 9,58 + 0,92 -> m = 8,82 g a m .
D a p an D

^

= 0,1.92 = 9,2 g a m

0,1

D a p an B.

^|/.-^t, T ; n ' .

A. HCOO-C(CH3)=CH2.

B. H C O O - C H = C H - C H 3 .

C. C H 3 C O O - C H = C H 2 .

D. CH2=CH-COO-CH3.

gam X tac dung hoan toan voi 200ml dung dich K O H 0,7M t h u dugc dung
dich Y. Co can Y t h u dugc 12,88 g a m chat ran khan. Gia trj cua m la
A. 6,66.

B. 7,20.

C. 8,88.

D . 10,56.

^ai 3: T h u y p h a n h o a n toan 0,1 m o l este E (mach ho, chi chiia m g t loai n h o m
chiic) can dung v u a du 100 g a m dung dich N a O H 12%, t h u dugc 20,4 g a m
muo'i ciia m g t axit hiru co va 9,2 g a m m g t ancol. Cong t h u c cau tao cua E la

mol

(RCC)0)3C3H5 + 3 K O H - — > 3 R C O O K
Mol:

0,3

+ C3H5(OH)3

n nho h o n 3), t h u dugc so m o l C O 2 bang 6/7 so m o l O2 da p h a n l i n g . Cho m

axit oleic. Gia t r i cua m l a

Hglixerol = 0,01

mgiixeroi

> 3RCOOK

Bai 2: D o t chay hoan toan m g t este d o n chuc, mach h o X (phan tu c6 so lien ket

D a p an D .

V i d u 6: Xa p h o n g hoa hoan toan m g a m m p t t r i g l i x e r i t b a n g d u n g d i c h KOH
t h u dugc 0,92 g a m g l i x e r o l v a 9,58 g a m hSn h g p m u o i cua axit linoleic va
A . 9,94.

+ 3KOH

t r u o n g axit t h u dugc axetandehit. Cong thuc cau tao t h u g o n ciia este do la

500

100
m = 890.500. —

80

):>H:)

Bai 1 : M g t este c6 cong thiic phan tu la C4H6O2, k h i t h u y p h a n trong m o i

•m[

mol.

(Ci7H35COO)3C3H5 + 3 N a O H —
Mol:

->

RCOOK + H 2 O

3. BAI T A P O N L U Y E N

D . 556,25.

^:*^'ri::r..

Laigidi:

pi:H:)' .
>

0,05

Mol:

V i d v 5: D e t h u d u g c 46 k g glixerol t h i can phdi t h u y p h a n bao n h i e u kilogam
B. 356,00.

(mg)
2,8 = m KOH
1000

,

(RCOO)3C3H5

A . 656,25.

D . 18,4.

UKOH = 0,05 m o l .

RCOOHi,jysi+ K O H

,Y.

~ ^ H2O

_
. C._ / H
D a. p an
, '/On

C.13,8.

mchatbeo(g)

-> D a p an A .

n g i i x e r o i = 500

B.9,2.

Chi so axit ciia chat beo = " ^ ^ O " ^"^^^

^ ,,

I8CO2 + I 6 H 2 O

J -

S ''

Laigidi:

K h i do't chay axit linoleic:
^

i

vira d u 350 m l d u n g dich K O H I M , t h u d u g c m g a m glixerol. Gia t r i cua m la

Nhan xet: A x i t p a n m i t i c va axit stearic d e u no, d o n chuc -> n QQ^ = n ^^o •

C17H31COOH + O2 —

... ^ '

8 : Xa p h o n g hoa hoan toan 1 k g chat beo c6 chi so'axit b a n g 2,8 can d i i n g
A. 4,6.

D . 0,005.

= 0/^5 m o l

.

chat beo (g)

m o l cua axit Imoleic t r o n g m g a m X la '

,

'n' • [ ,

Chi s o a x i t c i i a ichat beo ^ m K O H ( m g ) ^ 8 4 ^
yi

!

D . 5,5. ;

riKOH = 0,0015 m o l -> mKOH = 0,084 g a m = 84 m g

D a p an C.

toan m g a m X t h i t h u d u g c 15,232 l i t k h i CO2 (dktc) v a 11,7 g a m nu6c. SA'

n

C. 6,0.
Laigidi:

hoa m g a m X can 4 0 m l d u n g d i c h N a O H I M . M a t khac, neu d o t chay ho^^

B. 0,010.

B. 7,2.

4,8.

^ .f't ' ' ^

4 : H o n h g p X g o m axit panmitic, axit stearic v a axit linoleic. D e trung

A . 0,015.

t r u n g hoa lup'ng axit t u d o c6 t r o n g 14 g a m m o t m a u chat beo can

A. (HCOO)2C3H5-OOCCH3.
C. (HCOO)3C3H5.

B. (CH3COO)2C3H5-COOCH3.

'8'""^

D . (CH3COO)3C3H5.

-

4: H g p chat hiru co no, da chuc X c6 cong thuc phan tu C7H:204. C h o 0,1
mol X tac dung viia

dii voi 100 g a m dung djch N a O H 8% thu dugc chat

jk hu-u CO Y v a 17,8 g a m h o n h g p muo'i. C o n g thuc cau tao thu g g n ciia X la
, kA^...

333


dm nang On luygn thi Jgi hoc 18 chuySn d6 H6a hpc - Nguygn Van Hai

Cty TNHH MlV OVVH Khang Vigt

A. C H 3 0 0 C - ( C H 2 ) 2 - C O O C 2 H 5 .

B. CH3COO-(CH2)2-COOC2H5.

C. C H 3 C O O - ( C H 2 ) 2 - O O C C 2 H s .

D. CH3OOC-CH2-COO-C3H7.

Bai 5: T h u y p h a n h o a n toan 0,2 mol m o t este E can d i i n g v u a d i i 100 g a m dung

pal 12: C h o m g a m m o t este d o n chuc vao 200 g a m d u n g d i c h N a O H 8%, d u n
den p h a n u n g hoan toan d u o c 208,8 g a m d u n g d i c h X. C h u n g ca't hoan toan
X, t h u d u o c ancol Y v a 20,2 g a m chat r a n khan. L a y toan b g ancol Y vao

d i c h N a O H 24%, t h u d u o c m o t ancol va 43,6 g a m h o n h o p muo'i cua hai

b i n h d u n g N a d u d u o c 1,12 l i t k h i (dktc). C o n g t h i i c ciia este la:

axit cacboxylic d o n chuc. H a i axit d o la

A. HCOOCH2CH3.

A . H C O O H v a C2H5COOH.

B. H C O O H va C H 3 C O O H .

C. CH3COOC2H5.

C. C2HSCOOH v a C3H7COOH.

D . C H 3 C O O H v a C2H5COOH

Bai 6: Xa p h o n g hoa hoan toan 66,6 g a m h o n h o p h a i este HCOOC2H5 va

B. CH3COOCH3
'

D . C2H5COOCH3.

gai 13: K h i d o t chay hoan toan 4,4 gam chat h i i u co X d o n chuc, t h u d u g c san
p h a m chay chi g o m 4,48 l i t k h i CO2 (dktc) v a 3,6 g a m nuoc. N e u cho 4,4

CH3COOCH3 b a n g d u n g d i c h N a O H , t h u d u o c h o n hg^p X g o m h a i ancol

gam X tac d u n g v o i d u n g d i c h N a O H vira d i i d e n p h a n u n g hoan toan, t h u

D u n n o n g X v o i H2SO4 dac 6 140°C, sau k h i p h a n u n g xay ra hoan toan thu

d u g c 4,8 g a m muo'i Y ciia axit h i i u co va chat hixu co Z . T e n ciid X la

duQC m g a m nuoc. Gia t r i ciia m la

A. E t y l p . o p i o n a t .

A . 4,05.

B.8,10.

,,

' i/i;
C. 18,00.

Lf
D . 16,20.

Bai 7: Xa p l i o n g h o a hoan toan 1,99 gam h o n h o p h a i este bang d u n g djch
N a O H t h u d u o c 2,05 g a m m u o i ciia m o t axit cacboxylic v a 0,94 g a m h6n
h o p h a i ancol la d o n g dang ke tiep n h a u . Cong thuc cua h a i este d o la

A . CH3COOCH3 va CH3COOC2H5.

B. C2H5COOCH3 va C2H5COOC2H5.

C. CH3COOC2H5 va CH3COOC3H7.

D . H C O O C H 3 va HCOOC2H5.

Bai 8: H 6 n h o p X g o m h a i este no, d o n chiic, mach h o . D o t chay hoan toan mot
l u g n g X can d u n g v u a d u 3,976 l i t k h i O2 (dktc), t h u d u o c 6,38 g a m CO2.
M a t khac, X tac d u n g v o i d u n g dich N a O H , t h u d u o c m o t m u o i va hai
ancol la d o n g d a n g k e t i e p . C o n g thuc phan t u ciia h a i este t r o n g X la
A . C2H4O2 va C5H10O2.
C. C3H402 va C4H6O2. j A< j . t ! ,

B. C2H4O2 va CsHbCh-i^O

t h u d u o c 8,96 l i t k h i CO2 (dktc) v a 7,2 g a m H 2 O . N e u cho m g a m X tac
d u n g v u a d u v o i d u n g d j c h N a O H , c6 can d u n g d i c h sau p h a n u n g t h i thu
d u g c m u o i k h a n cua m o t axit hCtu ca v a m gam h o n hgp ancol Y la dong
d a n g ke tiep. Gia t r i ciia m la d''-;.^iM't'f'V^'lAm 'or- 'ryuh f'fH f'f' ffjrf •->•
B. 6,2.ib unul

C. 7,1.

D . 10.1.

Bai 10: Este X d o n chuc c6 p h a n t r a m k h o i l u g n g cac n g u y e n to' C, H , O la"
l u g t la 48,65%; 8,11% va 43,24%. D u n n o n g 3,7 g a m X v o i K O H v u a d u den
k h i p h a n l i n g h o a n toan. Co can d u n g dich sau p h a n u n g , t h u d u o c 4,2 gani

m u o i r a n k h a n . Ten g g i cua X la
A . Etyl piopionat.

B. P r o p y l fomat.

C. M e t y l acrylat.

D . E t y l fomat.

Bai 11: T r o n g m o t b i n h k i n chua h o i m o t este no, d o n chuc, m a c h h o v a O2 {^^^
m o l O2 gap doi so' m o l can cho phan u n g chay) 6 136,5°C, ap sua't tron^
b i n h la 0,80 a t m . D o t chay hoan toan este sau d o d u a v e n h i e t d o b a n dai^''
ap sua't t r o n g b i n h liic nay la 0,95 a t m . C o n g thuc p h a n t u ciia este la
A.C3H6O2.

334

, B.C2H4O2.

CC4H8O2.

D . E t y l axetat.

^- ^^^V^ p r o p i o n a t .

,

C. I s o p r o p y l axetat.

.n,3.i>\.-

Bai 14: C h o 20 g a m m o t este X (co phan t u k h o i la 100) tac d u n g v o i 300ml
d u n g d j c h N a O H I M . Sau p h a n l i n g , co can d u n g d i c h t h u d u g c 23,2 g a m
chat r a n k h a n . C o n g t h i i c cau tao ciia X la
A. CH2=CHCH2COOCH3

B. C H 3 C O O C H = C H C H 3

C. C2H5COOCH=CH2.

D . CH2=CHCOOC2H5.

Bai 15: C h o 175 g a m chat beo co chi so axit la 8 tac d u n g v o i d u n g d i c h K O H
d u , sau p h a n u n g , kho'i l u g n g muo'i t h u d u g c la 191,15 g a m . K h o i l u g n g
K O H da t h a m gia p h a n l i n g la
A. 28,0 g a m .

B. 17,5 gam.

C. 14,0 g a m .

D . 35,0 g a m .

Bai 16: C h o 200 g a m m o t loai chat beo co chi so axit la 7 tac d\ing v u a d i i v o i

id I D . C3H6O2 va C4H8O2.

Bai 9: D o t chay hoan toan h o n h o p X g o m hai este can d u n g 10,8 l i t k h i O2 (dkct).

A . 5,5. b i^di '

j e o J - e i - n <-

D.C5H10O2.

'

m o t l u g n g N a O H , sau phan l i n g t h u d u g c 207,55 g a m h o n h o p muo'i k h a n .
K h o i l u g n g N a O H da t h a m gia p h a n u n g la
A . 32,36 g a m .

B. 31,45 gam.

>fc.ii>i (•

C. 30,00 gam.

D . 31,00 g a m .

Bai 17: De t r u n g hoa 150 g a m m o t loai chat beo co chi so' axit bang 7, can d i m g
d u n g d i c h chiia a g a m N a O H . Gia t r i ciia a la
A . 1,50.

B.2,80.

C.0,75.

Bai 18 (A-10): C h o so d o chuyen hoa :
Triolein -

>X

fo«'^D.

2,00.

.j^^jj-v-/

r

>Y

-

) Z. - v

Ten ciia Z la

•

^^^'^^^'^"^^ '-^ ^

A . A x i t oleic.

'•'-^''•^W

"

C. A x i t stearic.

•

ipoo'i

4. H I / 6 N G D A N - L O I GIAI^n'* -'^'^

2

*^l>^k%^

B.Axitlinoleic.

D . A x i t panmitic.

^

'

' '

ntf ncdt]
'^''-^J "KC..

Bail:
CH3COO-CH=CH2
^DapanC.
.

+ H2O

> CH3COOH

+ CH3CHO

.mm^^,*--^^

.

.V • •
335


Cty I M H H M T V D W H Khanfl Vijt

dm nang On luygn thi dgi hgc 18 chuyfin 66 H6a hgc - NguySn Van H5i
pai 5: n w a O H = 0,6

Bai 2:
Nhan xet: N h o m chiic este - C O O - chiia 1 l i e n ket n, n h o m C=C chiia 1 lien
k e t 71.

+

<.f^n>

. . . ;••

Este chua 1 l i e n ket re: Este no, d o n chuc —> C o n g thurc d a n g : CnH2n02.
CnH2n02

+

Ta co:

O2
=

no2

— ! ^ nC02

>

7

=

l,5n-l

Nhan xet: ^ ^ ^ ^ = M = 3 -)> E la este 3 chuc. '
nE
0,2
Theo bai: T h u y p h a n E t h u d u g c 2 m u o l v a 1 ancol - > A n c o l 3 chuc, cac
axit d o n chuc.

+ nH20

Phan u n g hoa hoc:

> n = 3 - > C3H6O2

7

<-rt%.1ii^/

Mol:

t h u c dang: CnH2n-202: L a m t u o n g t u —>• n = 4,5: Loai.
T h u 50:50:

Mol:

a

—

^

a

HCOOK

a

(a <0,14)

B^o toan k h o i l u g n g : 74a + 0,14.56 = 12,88 + 46a - > a = 0,18

CH3COOCH3 + K O H
i Mol:

a

Loai.

i'^^,^''0:%^ iWf;rk

a

a

, Bao toan k h o i l u g n g : 74a + 0,14.56 = 12,88 + 32a ^

(a

,.
,

E la este 3 chuc.

'f!'^

M ^ t khac: T h u y p h a n E t h u d u g c m o t m u o i va m o t ancol —> L o a i A v a B.
Bao toan kho'i l u g n g :
'

- > meste

Meste =

n N n O H = 0,2

Nhan xet:

Mol:

= 176.

D a p an C.
. .,

.05.1

mol

E la este hai chuc.

=2

^'^ '

->

^ 2 muoi + 1 ancol Y

N/zan xet- Bao toan k h o i l u o n g :

Bao toan kho'i lugng:

meste + m N a O H = mmuoi

- > mv = 0,1.160+ 0,2.40-17,8 = 6,2

+ mv

M v = — = 62
0,1

- > Y la C2H4(OH)2 ^
336

Dap an C .

'

.,.,,JO,9.V.,.. ..,i^0.,»-d+#;63 '>'

DapanB.j.^

nNcOH

RCOOR
Mol:

0,025

+ NaOH
<-

0,025

0'025

0,025

RCOONa
->

^

,

= 0,025.

Theo bai, goi cong thuc chung ciia hai este la R C O O R
+

0,025

ROH

ntrl'

diDCK/:'^

HORH +

meste + mN.iOH = mmuoi +

= 2,05 + 0,94 - 1,99 = 1 gam - >

D a p an A .

n Y = n g s , e =0,1 mol.

•.

.

:oK)d md'gaii

- > m H j O =0,45.18 = 8,1 g a m ^

_^ R O H =
jpj^

=-= n

RCOONa + R ' O H

0,45

-> RCOONa =

So do phan ling: X + 2 N a O H —

ar.,n
^=

> R ' - O - R ' + H2O': i : . f o r t t r , b i d ;k>ra 50,0- R *

Loai A v i chi tao ra mot muoi la N a O O C - ( C H 2 ) 2 - C O O N a .
Loai D v i chi tao ra mpt muoi la N a O O C - C H 2 - C O O N a .

n
~

S uJ nfiriq j i r r t t grio'J

'fe:-.. ..-'-p.r.'-r
.....•^•...••..w,
[ •
' n * f. • ^ F

0,9

mNoOH

0/1
B a i 4:

0,9 at.^5;
2R'OH

m e s t e + m N a O H = m m u o i + mancoi

= 20,4 + 9,2 - 0,3.40 = 17,6

0,6

D a p an B

= 0,9 mol:,,rt)t5^,ts^.,jQ,HiO

RCOOR' + N a O H
Mol:

m = 0,12.74 = 8,88 g a m - > D a p an C.

Nhan xet: " ^ ^ Q " = 3

.
—
R =5,67.

Bai 6:
N/ian xet: H a i este la d o n g phan, c6 c u n g cong thuc CsHeOz

<0,14)

a = 0,12

Bai 3: nwaOH = 0,3 m o l

;.!>:,'';

0,2
_
4^ 6
RCOONa= —

=72,67 - >
0,6

- > neste=

CH3COOK+ CH3OH

v

.

- > H a i axit la H C O O H va CH3COOH

+ C2H5OH

a

-

.,«Q^,f.jirs, iomt^ft",

(RC00)3R' + 3 N a O H — ^ 3RCOONa + R'(OH)3

n;.
^

Este chiia 2 l i e n ket n: Este k h o n g no ( m o t lien ke't C=C), d o n chuc - > Cong

HCOOC2H5 + K O H

,, ^

- > G o i este E la (RC00)3R'

- > X la HCOOC2H5 hoac CH3COOCH3.
+

mol

'

^

^^^^

, ^

.^^,

^ . ^ .^v^ _

0,025

= 82 - > R = 15 (CH3-) - > Lo?i A vaD.^^'*
''
+
'HLXXM

= 37,6

R = 20,6 - > 2 ancol la CH3OH va C2H5OH.
• .1

- -

.^t f/ea ,::>w/^l g ' l o '

B a i 8 : n 02 = 0,1775 m o l ; nco2 = 0,145 m o l .

•

v ,

Nhan xet: X g o m 2 este no, d o n chuc ( - > loai C) va k h i d o t chay X, t h u du(?c
nc02="H20-

1i

Bao toan n g u y e n to O : 2nx + 2no2 = 2nco2 + '^H20

" x = 0,04 m o l .
• 337


nang On luy^n t h i dgi hgc 18 chuy6n

Cim

Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi§t

Hoa hpc - Mguygn van H i i

—> So nguyen tu C trung binh =

nx
0,04
Theo bai ra, 2 este hon kem nhau 1 nguyen tvr C —> Cs va C 4 .
—> Dap an D.
Bai 9:
no2 = 0,45 mol;nco2 = 0,4 mol;nH20= 0/4 mol.

'

H't'

= 2n

+ " H2O

nc02
0,4
8
-> n =
—=
= —.
neste
0,15
3

" este

Cong thiic phan tie 2 este: C 2 H 4 O 2 va C 3 H 6 O 2 .
-> Cong thuc cau tao 2 este: H C O O C 2 H 5 (a mol) va HCOOC2H5 (b mol).
= ^ ^ ^ ! ^ - > 2 a + 3b = 0,4.
a+b

-> a = a05mol; b = 0,1 mol.
Phan ling hoa hpc:
H C O O C H 3 + NaOH — ^
HCOOC2H5

^

R'OH
Mol:

kem nhau 1 nguyen t u cacbon.

^
HCOONa + CHsOH

+ NaOH

''

: Ml :
1

16

mRcooK

+ R'OH

,

C4H8O2.

nC02 + nH20

<-

0,2
n= 4 ^

*;

0,05

->

-> 0,05(R + 67) = 4,8 ^

RCOONa + R'OH
0,05

R = 29 ( C 2 H 5 - ) .

'

—> Cong thuc cau tao cua X: C 2 H 5 C O O C H 3 (metyl propionat)
Bai

14:

nx

= 0,2

mol;

RCOOR'
Mol:

->

na

" H > ^)/,>

X la C4H8O2.

'V
n w a O H = 0,3

mol.

Cong thuc ciia X la C n H 2 n - 2 0 2 . Do Mx = 100

nC02 + nH20
(l,5n-l)a

,

NMn xet: Cac dap an deu la este khong no (mpt noi doi C=C), don chiic

Bai 11: Goi este can tim la CnH2n02.

338

88

02 — ^

2

0,2/n

Mol:

= 4,2 = 0,05.(R + 83) -> R = 1

a

8 8
= =

Meste

RCOOR' + NaOH — ^

• vi'3

-> Cong thuc cau tao cua X la H C O O C 2 H 5 - » Dap an D.

Mol:

,, j

Gpi cong thuc cua X la RCOOR'va nx = 0,05 mol.

0,05

C„H2n02 +

, ,

,

->DapanB.
->

,

0,05

-> — .(14n + 32) = 4,4 ^
n

= 4,05 : 8,11 : 2,7 = 3 : 6 :

RCOOR' + K O H — R C O O K
0,05

-

-f->

= 8,8 gam.

> R'ONa + i H 2

0,1

Mol:

^ '

->XlaC3H602.
Mol:

meste

RCOONa + R'OH

CnH2n02 +

...

HCOONa + C 2 H 5 O H

NMn xet: Este don chiic -> GQI X la C x H y 0 2 .
12

mol.

O'l
.
• • .;:||' ;
Chat ran khan gom: RCOONa = 0,1 mol;.NaOH d u = 0,3 mol.
-> (R + 67).0,1 + 40.0,3 = 8,2 -> R = 15 ( C H H
' '
-> Este la CH3COOC2H5 ^ Dap an C.
Bai 13: n COT = 0,2 mol; n H20 = 0, 2mol.
NMn xet: Cac dap an deu la este no, don chuc -> Cong thiic C n H 2 n 0 2 .

m = 0,05.32 + 0,1.46 = 6,2 gam -> Dap an B.

Ta co: X : y : 2 =

= 0,05

+ Na

-> ngst(,-na„j,oi

Bai 10:
'

n ^2

RCOOR' + NaOH

= 0^5 mol.

axit hvhi co va hon hgip ancol Y la dong dang ke tiep —> 2 este trong X hon

mol;

Nhan xet: Khoi lugng dung dich tang =
phuong trinh hoa hoc:

'

Mat khac, khi cho X tac dung voi dung dich NaOH, thu dugc muoi cua mot

3

,

,

n N a O H = 0,4

• o,u

Tac6:a + b = 0,15mol.Matkhac: K = -

Dap an A.

Bail2:

'

->

->

_^ C 3 H 6 O 2

NMn xet: n QQ^ = n j^jO ~^ Cac este deu no, don chiic -> Cong thiic cua 2
estelaC-H2-02.
•^^>,=tX':>>i
r n ^
Bao toan nguyen to oxi: 2n ^ste + 2n

a + 2(l,5n-l)a
0,80
3n-l
0,80
^
— =
—>
= — — —> n = 3.
( l , 5 n - l ) a + 2na
0,95
3,5n-l
0,95

,
Ta co:

= 3,625 .

—=

na

0,2

+ NaOH
0,2

C5H8O2.

RCOONa + R'OH
->

0,2

'
)

Chat ran khan: NaOH d u = 0,1 mol; RCOONa: 0,2 mol
-> 40.0,1 + 0,2(R + 67) = 23,2 ^
->

X la C 2 H 5 C O O C 2 H 3 ^

R = 29 (C2H5-).

Dap an C.

339


Cty T N H J T M W I S W R Khang Vigt

cam nang on luygn thi dai hpc 18 chuyen de H6a hgc - Nguygn Van Hii

0 i u y e n de 16

Bai 15:
Chi so axit cua chat beo = ^Il^Qni^

8^i ^ W i f ^

mchatbeo(g)

->

CACBOHIDRAl

• ^'

-

r' ' :

PHAN LOAI

mj(;oH = 1400 m g = 1,4 g a m - > moH = 0,025 m o l .

Phan u n g hoa hpc:

. r ! .^i r f e , .

RCOOH

+ KOH

Mol:

0,025
(RCOO)3C3H5

> RCOOK

+ H2O

0,025

0,025

^

+ 3KOH

Mol:

3x

Bao toan k h o i l u g n g :
^

-

175

mdiat

•^ >

+ C3H5(OH)3

> 3RCOOK
->

'

Polisaccarit:

T i n h bgt va xenluiozo

D a p an D .

^ 7 = " ^ K O H (mg)
nKOH

= 0,025 - >

nwaOH

^n^^^

2C6H12O6

+ Cu(OH)2

> (C6Hii06)2Cu

2Ci2H220ii

+ Cu(OH)2

> (Ci2H2iOn)2Cu + 2 H 2 O

Mol:

^ i ' a025

uo-s::

(RCOO)3C3H5

> R C O O N a + H2O
^

+ 3NaOH

Mol:

3x

Bao toan kho'i l u g n g :

mchat

beo

0,025

,0„iH,>D

->

200 + (1 + 40.3x) = 207,55 + 92.x + 0,025.18
X

= 0,25 m o l

= (0,025 + 0,25.3).40 = 30 g a m
ii'-.^/i
lal^iLKJ^'A •* •
i-iUhr'i

Bail?:

Chisoaxitcuachatbeo="^^°»("^g^

ylWV^JM

„ , .

nNaOH =

^''f,^,.

m N a O H = 0,75

1,875.10"^mol

nKOH=

gam

Dap

an

C.

;

Bai 18:

""^ '^'^^"^
-.litt.)

.

.

^^'^

^

Cac disaccarit va polisaccarit c6 kha nang t h a m gia p h a n u n g t h i i y p h a n k h i
+ H2O

C6H12O6

(C6Hl0O5)n

+

Glucozo
+

nH20

->

C6H12O6

Fructozo

nC6Hi206
Glucozo

Xenluiozo

mKOH = 1050 m g = 1,05 g a m ^ nKOH = 1,875.10-^ m o l . ""^^S""--'

Nhan thay:

-

^

Phan vmg thuy phan

d. Phan u n g len men
Hai

^

'

m a t m a u n u o c b r o m : Glucozo va mantozo.

Saccarozo

D a p an C.

-> 7 = i ^ W ^

Lam

C12H22O11

"

mwaOH

.£ /

d u n n o n g t r o n g d u n g d i c h axit H2SO4 loang.

+ ni^ f), —~

+ mgiixeroi

,

A m o n i gluconat

c.

X
mmuoi

TIJUI./

H O - C H 2 - ( C H O H ) 4 - C O O N H 4 + 2Ag

> 3 R C O O N a + C3H5(OH)3

+ mNaOH =

j t j M riiy

Mra^wj-jtid. ^fuh 56'3fil<>-

H O - C H 2 - ( C H O H ) 4 - C H O + Ag20 + NH3 —

a'^-tv,

0,025

+ 2H2O

,ij,5;(:j:,>ijis

n
+ NaOH

niaiq

T h a m gia p h a n u n g t r a n g g u o n g : Glucozo, fructozo va mantozo.

= 0,025.

Phan l i n g hoa hoc:
RCOOH

•JOS :/<•>•/

;

ijt.ri..mmxnf^yx,zvf

b. T i n h chat cua nhom chuc andehit

m ^ o H = 1400 m g = 1,4 g a m - >

'Mil

d i c h m a u xanh l a m la: Glucozo, fructozo, saccaorozo va m a n t o z o .

= 0,2 m o l - > m K O H = (0,025 + 0,2.3).56 = 35 g a m

Chi so axit a i a chat beo = ^^Wf^

^

Saccarozo va m a n t o z o

Bon cacbohidrat hoa tan d u g c Cu(OH)2 6 dieu k i ^ n t h u o n g tao t h a n h d u n g

+ mgiixeroi

Bai 16:

->

Disaccarit:

3 . T i n h chat cua ancol da chiic

175 + (1,4 + 56.3x) = 191,15 + 92.x + 0,025.18

-> X

G l u c o z o va fructozo

2. T I N H C H A T H O A H O C

X

beo + mKOH = mmuoi

Monosaccarit:

cacbohidrat t h u o n g d u g c d u n g cho p h a n u n g l e n m e n la glucozo va

t i n h bgt.
C6H12O6

)

2C2H5OH

+

2CO2

.0

, .

.u-jb 06 qeb :)K,'.> ;inx nh

'

(C6Hio05)n

+ nH20

> 2nC2H50H

+

nh qeQ

2nC02 j ^ j p . ^ ^ - ) ,j,

Phan u n g este hoa
(Ci7H33COO)3C3H5 + 3H2

) 3Ci7H35COONa + C3H5(OH)3

Ci7H35COONa + H C l

) C17H35COOH + N a C l

-> Z la axit stearic.

,

Dap

an C.

*^ * ^

'
^-^^

^^)^'^ ^' ^-'^-^^ ^

Cacbohidrat thuong dugc diing cho phan ung este hoa la xenluiozo:
-> [C6H702(ON02)3]n + 3nH20 .
[C6H702(OH)3]n + 3nHN03
Xenluiozo trinitrat (thuoc sung)
[C6H702(OH)3]n + 3n(CH3CO)20

— > [C6H702(OOCCH3)3]n + 3 n C H 3 C O O H
Xenluiozo triaxetat (to axetat)
341


dm

Cty TIMHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt

nang On luy^n thi d^i hpc 18 chuy6n 66 H6a hoc - IMguyJn V5n Hit

3. v i D V M A U

V i d\ 1 : MQ* phan tit saccarozo c6

_^ a = - 5 1 ^ = 0,2 M
D a p an A .
0 05
Y i d v 5: T h i i y p h a n hoan toan 3,42 gam saccarozo t r o n g m o i t r u o n g axit, t h u

„ i, i |

A . MQt goc (3-glucozo va m p t go'c p-frucoza.
B. M o t go'c p-glucozo va m o t goc a-frucozo.

'

C. H a i go'c a-glucozo.

'

d u n g djch AgNOs/NHs, d u n nong, t h u d u g c m g a m A g ket tua. Gia t r i ciia

!*M , •

D . M p t goc a-glucozo va m o t goc (3-frucoza.
•

dugc d u n g d i c h X. C h o toan b g d u n g d j c h X phan u n g het v o i l u g n g d u

'*

m la

MI

Lm^mi

.'J'-'

,i

A . 21,6.

B.2,16.

goc (3-frucozo —> D a p an D .

nsiicc.nrozci = 0,01

Mol:

chat t r o n g day tac d u n g d u g c v o i Cu(OH)2 la
B. 3. v m # > ; l ' i . c. 4.
f'^'i'.

•CJISWS

';-«H
RCHO

V i diji 3: T h i n g h i e m nao sau day c h i i n g to t r o n g phan t u glucozo c6 5 nhom

i V

>

glucozo

+ fructozo

0,01
+ AgaO + NH3

0,01

RCOONH4

+ 2Ag

|i

0,02
->
0,04 .'^^ v
. ^r.
'
• • ,•
•
; roso•le:x;f;.,'•
—> mAg = 4,32 gam —> D a p an B.
,;

I
Lini y: Fructozo cung t h a m gia phan u n g trang g u o n g v i t r o n g m o i t r u o n g

1

k i e m (NHs), fructozo chuyen hoa thanh glucoza.

hidroxyl?

P^i d v 6: X e n l u l o z o t r i n i t r a t dugc dieu che t u xenlulozo v a axit nitric dac c6 xiic

A . K h i r hoan toan glucozo thanh hexan.

^

tac axit sunfuric dac, nong. D e c6 29,7 k g xenlulozo t r i n i t r a t , can diang d u n g
d i c h chua m k g axit n i t r i c (hi^u sua't phan u n g dat 90%). Gia t r i ciia m la

B. Cho glucoza tac d u n g v o l Cu(OH)2.

A . 42.

C. Tien hanh p h a n u n g tao este cua glucoza v o i a n h i d r i t axetic.
owiuut;

D . T h u c h i ^ n p h a n u n g trang bac.

Lai

^^r-^

>

C6H702(OH)3 +

C d u n g v i k h i tien hanh p h a n u n g tao este ciia glucoza v a i a n h i d r i t axetic,
thu dugc este 5 chuc - > glucoza c6 5 n h o m - O H .
- > D a p ?n C.
V i d u 4: C h o 5 0 m l d u n g d j c h glucozo n o n g do a mol/1 tac d u n g v a i m p t l u g n g
d u A g N O i / N H s , t h u d u g c 2,16 g a m bac ket tiia. Gia t r i cua a la
A. 0,20.

B.0,10.

C. 0,05.
Led

HAg

WXm
Mol:

D . 0,15.

gidi:

0,01

+ AgaO

>
<-

RCOOH

gidi:

3HN03
0,3

_ 0,3.63.100
'

^

mHN03'^S"'^""S

> C6H702(ON02)3 + 3 H 2 O
<-

0,1

,
•^i x g

^DapanD.
^^VurW ^gri> n
Vi d\ 7: G l u c o z a va saccarozo k h o n g c6 cung t i n h chat, dac d i e m nao sau day?
A . L a chat xin, c6 v i nggt va de tan t r o n g nuoc.
B. H o a tan Cu(OH)2 tao thanh d u n g dich m a u xanh.

C. Tac d u n g v a i d u n g dich A g N O s t r o n g NH3.

>:,;

D . Co cong thuc c h u n g dang Cn(H20)ni.
;v,

Laigidi:

.

Nhqn xet: G l u c o z o c6 p h a n u n g trang g u a n g , saccarozo k h o n g c6 phan u n g

= 0,02 m o l .

i^cHo

Mol:

---^

Loai D v i thuc h i ^ n phan u n g trang bac chi c h u n g t o rang glucoza c6 chua
n h o m chuc andehit.

D . 21.

m x e n l u l o z o frinitrat = 0,1 k m o l .
Luu y: Ta'chi vie't p h a n u n g ciia 1 mat xich xenlulozo (bo he so t r u n g h g p n).

Loai B v i cho glucoza tac d u n g v o i C u ( O H ) 2 chi c h u n g to tang glucoza c6

hai hay nhieu n h o m - O H canh nhau.

C. 30.

B. 10.

.lirffc

Lot gidi:
L o a i A v i k h u h o a n toan glucoza thanh hexan chi c h u n g t o rang glucozo c6
6 n g u y e n tir cacbon va c6 mach cacbon kho ng phan n h a n h .

342

'f.c •

Mol:

'•"^^u ^

D o la cac cha't: Saccarozo, glucozo, fructozo, glixerol v i c h i i n g deu c6 chiia
cac n h o m O H " lien ke nhau. -> Dap an C

D . 43,2.

,

0,01

D . 5.

' f - L a i g i d i :

mol

Saccarozo + H 2 O

V i d u 2: C h o d a y cac chat: Etanol, saccarozo, glucozo, fructozo, glixerol. So

,

/j/itiYJ p^oiJ

Laigidi:

N/!fl?t xet: M o t p h a n t u saccarozo c6 cau tao t u m o t go'c a-glucozo va mot

A . 2.

C.4,32.

+ 2Ag
0,02

trang g u o n g .
—> D a p d n C.

,
343

Ca'm naiig 6n luygii thi dai hoc 18 chuyen dg H6a hgc - NguySn Van Hi\

Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t

V i dv 8: Chat X c6 dac diem sau: phan t u c6 nhieu nhom - O H , c6 v i ngot, ho^
tan Cu(OH)2 a nhiet dp thuong, phan tu- c6 lien ket glicozit, lam mat rria
" nuac brom. Chat X la
^
A. Xenlulozo.
B. Mantozo.
C. Glucozo.
D. Saccarozo.
Laigidi:
Loai A V I xenlulozo khong hoa tan dugc Cu(OH)2 6 nhiet do thuong.
Loai C v i glucoza la monosaccarit - > khong c6 lien ket glicozit.
Loai D v i saccaroza khong lam mat mau nuac brom.
, .
—>• Dap an B.

Co 7 chat thoa man: Phenol (CeHsOH), anilin, axit acrylic, isopren, stiren,
vinylaxetilen, glucozo—>• Dap an A.
' •:«'C!'f:Xrf.>
•jiwtt^K:/"
4. BAI TAP O N L U Y E N
. v
..hr:,.-,.,;:... r . . r n
pai 1= ^ °

^

^,

(2) Glucozo va saccaroza deu hoa tan Cu(OH)2 tao phuc mau xanh.
(3) Glucozo va saccaroza deu khu dugc AgNOs/NHa khi dun nong.
(4) Glucoza va saccarozo bi thuy phan cho san pham c6 phan ung trang bac.
(5) Glucozo va fructoza deu tac dung vai hidro (Ni, i°) tao ra sobitol.
(6) Xenlulozo va tinh bgt deu la polisaccarit.
A. 3.

.

D.6.

"
' f*' ''

B. Long trang triing, fructozo, axeton.

v
s

D. Fructoza, axit acrylic, ancol etylic.
Bai 3: Cho cac chat: Ancol etylic, glixerol, glucoza, dimetyl ete va axit fomic. So'
chat tac dung dugc voi Cu(OH)2 la

• .

A. L

C. Amilopectin c6 cau triic mach phan nhanh.
Laigidi:

H

ua.

C.4.

t

1
D.2.

andehit axetic. So chat trong day vua c6 kha nang tham gia phan ung trang

^^^^^

A sai v i saccarozo khong lam mat mau nuoc brom.

bac, vua c6 kha nang phan ling voi Cu(OH)2 6 dieu ki^n thuong la:

,

B sai v i xenlulozo c6 cau true mach khong phan nhanh.
C diing v i trong tinh bpt thi amilozo c6 cau true mach khong phan nhanh,
eon amilopectin c6 cau true mach phan nhanh
D sai. Cac em de chpn nham vi glucoza c6 kha nang tac dung voi dung dich

A. 3.

A. 2,25 gam.

toluen, isopren, stiren, vinylaxetilen, glucoza. So' chat trong day eo kha
nang lam mat mau nuoc brom la

P.

6.

Laigidi:
Cac chat c6 kha nang lam ma't mau nuoc brom can thoa man mot trong cac
dieu ki^n: (1)- c6 lien ket C=C hoac C = C mach ngoai, (2)- c6 nhom - O H
hoac - N H 2 dinh vao vong benzen (3)- Co nhom chuc andehit - C H O .

C.4.

B. 1,80 gam.

Bai 6: Cho day cac chat:
C12H22O11

guong la:

Dap an C.
V i d\ 11: Cho day gom cac chat: Phenol (CeHsOH), anilin, axit acrylic, cumen,

B.2.

D.5.

Bai 5: Lugng glucozo can diing de tao ra 1,82 gam sobitol voi hi^u sua't 80% la

A g N 0 3 trong NHs nhung dong vai tro chat k h u (bj oxi hoa).

C.5.

B.3.

Bai 4: Cho cac cha't: saccarozo, glucoza, fructoza, etyl fomat, axit fomic va

D. Glucozo bi k h u bai dung djch A g N 0 3 trong N H 3 .

344

C.5.

C. Andehit axetic, saccaroza, axit axetic.

B. Xenlulozo CO cau true mach phan nhanh.

B.4.

B.4.

-

A. Glixerol, axit axetic, glucoza.

'

A. Saccaroza lam mat mau nuac brom.

A . 7.

;(

Bai 2: Cac dung dich deu phan ung dugc vai Cu(OH)2 6 nhiet do thuong la:

V i dv 10: Phat bieu nao sau day la diing?

^'

*

So phat bieu dung la

- > Dap an A.

(;

cacbohidrat:

(1) Glucoza va saccarozo deu la chat ran, c6 v i nggt va de tan trong nuac.

V i d\ 9: Gluxit (cacbohidrat) chua mpt goc glucoza va mot goc fructoza trong
phan t u l\
A. Saccaroza.
B. Tinh bpt.
C. Mantozo.
D. Xenlulozo.

^ ^
Laigidi:
^
Saccaroza chiia mgt goc glucoza va mpt goc fructoza.
Mantozo chua hai goc glucoza.
Tinh bpt va xenlulozo chiia hang nghin goc glucoza.

^° P^^*

A. 3.

C2H2,

C. 1,82 gam.

D. 1,44 gam.

HCHO, HCOOH,

CH3CHO,

(CH3)2CO,

(mantozo). So chat trong day tham gia dugc phan ung trang
•i^h

B.6.

fy-\

'•

^•z nk?.
D.4.

C.5.

Bai 7: Hoa tan 6,12 gam hon hgp X gom glucoza va saccaroza vao nuac thu
dugc 100ml dung dich X. Cho X tac dyng vai AgNOa/NHa du, thu dugc

(

3,24 gam A g ket hia. Nong do mol cua saccaroza trong X la:

kA.0,10M.

B.0,01M.

ai 8: Phat bieu nao sau day la sai?

C.0,20M.
,(

D. 0,02M.
,

f/vi . ;

A. San pham thuy phan xenlulozo (H^ t°) c6 the tham gia phan ung trang
guong.

B. Dung djch mantozo c6 kha nang tham gia phan xing trang bac.

345


ca'iii nniifj on luytn thi dai liuc 18 ctiuyen dg H6a hgc - Nguyjn Van HSi

Cty

C. D u n g d i c h f r u c t o z a hoa tan d u o c Cu(OH)2.
D . T h u y p h a n saccarozo hay mantozo

if; '

( H * , t°), d e u cho c i i n g m p t I Q ^ J

Bai 9: T i n h bot, xenluloza, saccarozo, mantozo deu c6 kha nang t h a m gia phg^^
A . H o a tan Cu(OH)2.

M ' - J B . T m n g ngung,

C. Trang gu-ong.

A:''j'ytil::' D . T h u y p h a n .

ir

j..;

K N I V V ^ S , ;

Bai 10: D e m t h u y p h a n hoan toan m gam hon h o p X g o m saccarozo va mantozo
sau d o tien hanh t r u n g hoa axit, cho toan bo l u g n g san p h a m sau phan ung
tac d u n g v o i A g N O a t r o n g N H s t h u dugc 32,4 g a m A g . Gia t r i cua m .
B. 34,20.

C. 27,36.

D . 25,50.

Bai 11: T h u y p h a n 10 g a m loai bong thien n h i e n t r o n g d u n g d i c h H2SO4 loang,
d u n n o n g sau d o lay toan b o l u g n g glucozo t h u d u g c d e m t i e n h a n h phan
u n g trang g u o n g t h u d u g c 6,48 gam A g . H a m l u g n g x e n l u l o z o c6 trong
b o n g d o la:
B.98,1%

C. 93,6%

D . 95,4%.

p h a n het m g a m X t h u d u g c d u n g d i c h Y. Sau k h i t r u n g hoa axit d u trong
Y, cho d u n g d j c h t h u d u g c tac d u n g v o i A g N O s d u t r o n g N H s , tao thanh
84,24 g a m A g . Gia t r i cua m la
A . 34,2.

B. 68,4.

^
C. 36,0.

'

D . 39,0

' B a i 13: T h u y p h a n het 7,02 g a m h o n h g p X g o m glucozo v a m a n t o z o (xiic tac
axit v 6 CO, d u n nong) thanh d u n g d i c h Y. T r u n g hoa het axit d u t r o n g Y roi
cho tac d u n g v o i A g N O s d u t r o n g N H s , t h u d u g c 8,64 g a m A g . So m o l cua
m a n t o z o t r o n g hon h g p la:
A . 0,050.

B. 0,010.

C. 0,015.

D.0,02.' '

Bai 14: L e n m e n d u n g d i c h chua 300 g a m glucozo t h u d u g c 92 g a m ancol
etylic. H i e u suat qua t r i n h len m e n tao thanh ancol etylic la
A . 60%.

B.40%.

C.80%.

D . 54%.

Bai 15: San xuat etanol n g u o i ta lay m k g san (c6 chiia 60% t i n h bot) v o i hieu
suat cua ca qua t r i n h la 75% t h i t h u d u g c 15 l i t etanol 46", k h o i l u g n g rieng
ciia etanol n g u y e n chat la 0,8 gam/ml. Gia t r i ciia m la
A . 21,6.

B. 7,76.

C. 12,96.

D . 16,8.^' '

Bai 16: Cho m g a m t i n h bgt len m e n thanh ancol etylic v o i hieu sua't 8 1 % . Toa'^
b g l u g n g C O 2 sinh ra d u g c hap t h u hoan toan vao d u n g d i c h Ca(OH)2, t'^'^'
d u g c 55 g a m ket t i i a va d u n g djch X. D u n n o n g d u n g d i c h X t h u t h e m di^^^
10 g a m ket tiia. Gia t n ciia m la:
A . 65.

5 l i t ancol etylic 46" la (biet hieu suat cua ca qua t r i n h la 72% v a kho'i l u g n g
A . 5,4 k g .

B. 5,0 k g .

C. 6,0 k g .

D . 4,5 k g .

ancol etylic 96"? C h o biet hieu suat q u a t r i n h len m e n d a t 5 0 % v a k h o i
l u g n g rieng ciia ancol etylic n g u y e n chat la 0,8 g/ml. : J v s a ;
A . 3,63 lit.

B. 4,55 l i t .

B.55.

* a'
C.81.

D . 75.

C. 4,74 l i t .

1 tt;

juth

OB

D . 2,96 l i t .

Bai 19: The tich d u n g d i c h H N O 3 67,5% (khoi l u g n g rieng la 1,5 g/ml) can d u n g
de tac d u n g v o i xenlulozo tao thanh 89,1 k g xenlulozo t r i n i t r a t la (biet
l u g n g HNO3 bi hao h u t la 20%)
A . 55 l i t .

B. 81 l i t .

D . 70 l i t . ,0 - „ ,11

C. 49 lit.

Bai 20: D e san xuat 500 k g xenlulozo t r i n i t r a t v o i hao h u t t r o n g san xua't la 20%
thi can p h a i d i i n g l u g n g xenlulozo la:
A . 218,2 k g .

Bai 12: H o n h g p X g o m glucozo va saccarozo c6 k h o i l u g n g bang n h a u . Thuy
.

Bai 17: Kho'i l u g n g cua t i n h bot can d u n g t r o n g qua t r i n h len m e n de tao thanh

Bai 18: Len m e n 10 k g gao nep (chua 80% t i n h bgt) se t h u d u g c bao n h i e u l i t

u-ng

A . 97,2%

M i V OVVH Khang Vi?t

rieng cua ancol etylic n g u y e n chat la 0,8 g/ml)

monosaccarit.

A . 25,65.

T N H H

5. H l / ^ N G

B. 272,7 k g .

DAN-L61

C. 327,2 k g .

D . 340,9 k g .

GIAI

Bail:

" ' ^ ^ '

Nhan xet: D a y la d a n g cau h o i l i t h u y e t tong h g p ve cacbohidrat, d o i h o i hgc
sinh can n a m v O n g k i e n thuc.
(3) sai vi saccarozo k h o n g k h u dugc AgNOa/NHa k h i d u n n o n g .

' i ^'

(4) sai v i g l u c o z o la monosaccarit nen k h o n g b i t h u y p h a n .

'^

!

Cac phat bieu con lai deu d i i n g —> D a p an B.
I Loai B v i axeton k h o n g c6 phan u n g .

* "

'' '
''

'^"^

Loai C v i andehit chi phan u n g v o i Cu(OH)2 k h i d u n n o n g .

i! Loai D vi ancol etylic k h o n g c6 phan l i n g .

« ]V >
''^

').,.:«,» vycj

n

A d i i n g . T u y n h i e n cac e m lai t h u o n g k h o n g chgn v i n g h i rang axit axetic
k h o n g p h a n l i n g d u g c v o i Cu(OH)2 6 nhiet d g t h u o n g .
Bai 3:
Cac chat tac d u n g d u g c v o i Cu(OH)2 la glixerol, glucozo (c6 t i n h chat ciia
ancol da chiic), axit fomic (c6 t i n h axit nen tac d u n g d u g c v o i baza).
->DapanB.
^ai4:

:;': : A f

r.y,
£kiliC£:

'
'

:>{:m'fiort grro ,nfi-i

CXH + irOaHsrD

5 cha't CO p h a n u n g trang bac: Glucozo, fructozo, e t y l fomat, axit fomic,

andehit axetic.
Co 3 chat CO p h a n l i n g v o i Cu(OH)2 6 dieu k i e n t h u o n g : Glucozo, fructozo,
axit fomic.
- > D a p an A .

iivft'tP ^.^Ji't p
• '

• •

, niu
347


Cain

r u n g 6 n l u y e n I h i cJai h p c 1 8 c l i i i y e n

Bai 5:

nsobitoi = 0,01

6i

H6a

hl?C -

^!'Juy6n

Cty TIMHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t

mol.

Bai 11:

C H 2 ( O H ) [ C H ( O H ) ] 4 C H O + H2
Mol:

vnii iiai

) CH2(OH)[CH(OH)]4CH2(OH)

0,01

nAg = 0,06 mol. Nhan xet: Bong thien nhien c6 chua xenlulozo:

0,01

H = MH^.100% = 80%

m = 2,25 gam - > Dap an A.

''

C6H10O5
0,03

Mol:

RCHO
C a c chat Lhoa man: H - C H O , H - C O O H , C H 3 - C H O , C12H22O11 (mantozo).
—>

D a p an D .

Luu

y: C2H2 cung c6 phan ling v o l dung djch AgNOs trong N H s tao ket tua

Bai 7:

^ ijv-

(o'

•mPk''"'^-

= 0,03mol

:•.;••/»}}•

t58'••^:mc

RCHO
Mol:
^

+ A g 2 0 + NH3

0,015

'" )

+

RCOONH4

<-

2Ag

Dap a n D .

'

' •'
+ dJ3S

^(HO)?;")

Goi so' mol: G l u c o z a = x; saccarozo = y. T a c6:180x = 342y.
Mol:

+ H2O

>

y

C5H12O5 (glucozo) + C6H12O6 (fructozo)

""^

y

+ Ag20 + N H 3

'" )

y
+

RCOONH4

x + 2y

.

2Ag

o" '

2(x + 2y) ,

„;

,Q„H,3

.

'
nAg

= 0,08 mol.

Ci2H220n

Loai A v i chi c6 saccarozo va mantozo hoa tan dupe Cu(OH)2.
Loai B v i khong c6 chat nao tham gia phan u n g trung ngung.

Mol:

_

Loai C v i chi c6 mantozo tham gia phan ung trang guong.

-) ^ ^

Chpn D v i cac disaccarit va polisaccarit deu c6 the hi thiiy phan

Q J,

+ H2O

2C6H12O6 (glucoza)

>

y ^r>lf»l»T«v filiiv -f^m>f

RCHO

Mol:

- > Dap an D .

+ Ag20 + NH3 —

x + 2y

.s^ j-

s^^

^

+ 2Ag

RCOONH4

->

;

j.mS)^.'^'k,^<^'.>^Av.

2y'v> r.^r*-, iV.,:,,,

->

2(x + 2y) = 0,08

2(x + 2y)

x = 0,02 mol; y = 0,01

mol.

OJtSE
B trer^tlnffl 4-

Bai 10:
Nhan xet: Saccarozo v a mantozo la disaccarit dong phan, khi thiiy phan 1
mol moi cha't deu thu dup-c 2 mol monosaccarit (glucozo, fructozo) deu c6
Phan u n g hoa hpc:
C12H22O11

"'

+ H2O

> 2C6H12O6

0,1
RCHO

- > D a p an B.
Bai 14:

"

0,2

Vay m = 0,1.342 = 34,2 gam

^
-

RCOONH4
•

D a p an B.

<-

-

i

•.

= 15.0,46.0,8 = 5,52 kg

—> netanoi
LwTi

= 0,12 kmol.

'

,

^'

.

.a::H/
g>!!:di

.

jie>„<-..
.

metnnoi

aH

•

^ail5:

'
- r

.8>18.G = *vd'in,'rj.'

92(g)

- » D a p an A .

+ 2Ag
OA

+ 2CO2

H = 1^.100% =60%
300

0,2
+ Ag20 + N H 3 —

> 2C2H5OH

180(g)

(viet gpn la R C H O )

nr, q s G <

.0

C6H12O6

kha nang tham gia phan xmg trang b^c.

Mol:

,^,Q,

Goi so mol: Glucozo = x ; saccarozo = y. T a c6:180x + 342y = 7,02.

Bai 9:

Mol:

,{,,|

0^

Dap an B.

phan mantozo chi tao ra glucoza.

348

^

- > m = 0,19.180+ 0,1.342 = 68,4 gam.

Lini y them: Thiiy phan saccarozo tao thanh glucoza v a fructozo, con thuy

'

,,
'

= 0,78 mol

nAg

^

= 97,2%.

%mxeniuiozo

-^2(x + ? y ) = 0,78 - > X = 0,19 mol; y = 0,1 mol

X = 0,015 - > y = 0,01 mol - > C M = 0,1 M - > D a p an A .

2Ag
0,06

= 162.0,06 = 9,72 gam ^

Bai 12:

Mol:

0,03

+

RCOONH4

mxeniuioza

RCHO

Bai 8:

,

+ Ag20 + N H 3

C12H22O11

'^^

(RCHO)

C6H12O6
0,03

—> D a p an A.

rf: Gpi so mol: glucoza = x; saccarozo = y. T a c6:180x + 342y = 6,12. fiCl
Khi cho X vao dung dich AgNOa/NHs chi c6 glucoza phan ung. i atj

)

0,03

^

n *-t^*'^"> ,• ••••^

Ag2C2 m a khong sinh ra bac.

nAg

Mol:

+ H2O

>! /

^g>iB
m.i^^-

" ;"ii}F"'
; ^

'
,

y: C a c ban chi can viet phan ung cua 1 mat xich tinh bpt (bo h? so n):
349