Cẩm nang ôn luyện thi đại học 18 chuyên đề hóa học 7
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Cty TIMHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt
Ca'm nang 6n luygn thi dgi hgc 18 chuygn dg H6a hgc - Nguygn Van htai
''^''[ mstm^
' • V ^ y : m = 127.0,1 + 74,5.0,2 = 27,60 gam.
- > Dap an B.
'
'
'
'
'
r
5
=
-
^
i man
^
Lin< 1/: Trong bai nay cac em de quen KCl khi h'nh khoi lugng muol va chor,
nham phuong an D!
^
xet:
Vi d\ 6: Cho 0,02 mol amino axit X tac dung vira dii voi 10ml dung dich HC|
A. H2NC2H3(COOH)2.
C. (H2N)2C3H5COOH. •
D. H2NC4H8COOH.
'f^^'Ky: ^
Laigidi:
gam X can 60ml dung djch HCl I M . Cho 7,66 gam X tac dung vira du vol
dung dich KOH, thu dugc dung dich Y. Co can Y thu dugc m gam muoi
"^"^
khan. Gia tri cua m la
A. 11,31.
B. 11,46.
-
Ta c6: nHci: nx = 1:1 —> Trong X c6 chiia 1 nhom - N H 2
" N a O H : nx
= 2:1
H2N-R-COOH
Trong X chua 1 nhom - C O O H
+ HCl
0,02
•
"KOH
> ClHaN-R-COOH '
+
'-i'
R = 56 (C4H8)
= 153,5
Dap an D.
vai 100ml dung dich NaOH 2M. Cong thuc cau tgo cua X la:
A. H2N-C3H6-COOH.
Laigidi:
mol; nwaOH = 0,02
Nhan xet: nna: nx = 1:1
nNaOH : nx
' •;„;••.••,:..••
10.0,06
,
^ n o ( X ) = — ^ = 0 , 2 mol.
^
R + 142,5 =
;f
' J AMti'Dr
3 :y . r /
*
ncooH
V. f
'
, .
^
= 0/1 mol.
,
1
,
»
B. Valin.
C. Lysin.
D. Alanin.
1
'•
Lai gidi:
|j
D. 0,55.
Phuong an C: Lysin c6 cong thuc cau tao (NH2)2C5H9COOH. W^J^-tHD
dung dich CO moi truong b a z a l a m quy tim chuyen xanh.
HCl 2M, thu dugc dung djch X. Cho NaOH du vao X. Sau khi cac phan ung
xay ra hoan toan, somol NaOH da phan ling la
iiCJg -i^n'
Trong phan tir lysin c6 2 nhom chuc amin va 1 nhom chuc axit cacboxyl ->
= 183,5 -> R = 41 (C3H5) ^ Dap an C.
C.0,65.
'
'
^ ,
lam doi mau qui tim.
> ClH3NR(COOH)2
0,1
B.0,50.
10
Loai A, B, D vi dung dich cac chat nay c6 moi truong trung tinh va khong
V i du 8: Cho 0,15 mol H2NC3H5(COOH)2 (axit glutamic) vao 175ml dung dich
A. 0,70.
80/16
10: Dung dich nao sau day lam chuyen mau qui tim thanh xanh
A. Glyxin.
= 2:1 -> X chua 2 nhom - C O O H . - ,?* iv-
0,1
no
! -> Dap an B.
—> X chua 1 nhom -NH2.
Ggi cong thuc cua X la H2N-R(COOH)2
Mol:
Matkhac: no(x)=2ncooH ^
H
mol
H2NR(COOH)2 + H C l
80
Tang giam khoi lugng: m = mx + 0,1(39-1) = 7,66 + 0,1.38 = 11,46 gam.,
H D.(H2N)2C3H5-COOH.
C.H2N-C3H5(COOH)2.
n H c i = 0,01
"^o
. Nhqn thay: Khi tac dung voi KOH, - C O O H se chuyen thanh - C O O K nen:
B. H2N-C2H3(COOH)2.
'•••••"•r
T - . ' i - i u - i
T u ti 1? khoi luong:—— = — -»
=
= —.
• ^ mN
21
nN
21/14
3
I Cac em can luu y: n N = n N H 2 = n H c l - > n N ( x ) = 0,06 mol.
I M , thu dugc 18,35 gam muoi khan. Mat khac, 0,1 mol X tac dung vira dii
^
xiw^
N/iflM Aret:
I De thay: nf,jH9 = " H C l = 0/06 mol.
Vi dv 7: Cho X la mot amino axit. Cho 0,1 mol X tac dung vira du 100 ml HCl
I
D. 9,12.
=0/1 mol-
^a02
3 07
-> ClHaN-R-COOH =
C.9,85.
Laigidi:
GMol:
i 1'
trong phan tu), trong do ti 1^ mo : mN = 80 : 21. De tac dung vira du voi 7,66
'-"i '
nHci = 0,02 mol; nnaOH = 0,02 mol
= 0,65 mol.
y i du 9: Hon hgp X gom 2 amino axit no (chi c6 nhom chuc - C O O H va - N H 2
B. H2NC3H5(COOH)2.'^^ ^
'';
nNaOH
—> Dap an C.
i--' -'i^w,; -
dung dich chua 0,02 mol NaOH. Cong thuc cua X la
r-;.!--iv::K:;<>:;>^^(,;
i Tong so'mol cac axit c6 trong X = ncooH + nHci
= 0,15.2 + 0,35 = 0,65 mol
2M thu du-oc 3,07 gam muoi khan. Mat khac 0,02 mol X tac dving vua du v6i
,
-> Dap an C.
||l^i d\ 11: Eote X dugc dieu che tir a-aminoaxit (chua 1 nhom - N H 2 va mot
nhom - C O O H ) va ancol etylic. Dot chay hoan toan 1,03 gam cha't X thu
dugc 1,76 gam CO2; 0,81 gam H2O va 112ml N2 (dktc). Cong thuc cau tao
cua X la:
CSiii naiig on luy^n thi d^ii hyc 18 chiiyen d6 116;; ligc - Nguyen V'Sii Hdi
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang VIgt
A. H2N-CH2-COOC2H5.
B.
C. C2H5-CH(NH2)-COOC2H5.
D. C2H3CH(NH2)COOC2Hs.
CH3-CH(NH2)-COOC2H5.
nco2 = 0/04 m o l ; n n j o = 0,045 m o l ; n ^ ^ = 0,005 m o l .
X : y : 1 = nc : H H :
^
dang ke'tiep) thu dupe CO2 va H2O voi ti 1^ so'mol nco2- " H a O ^ l • 2 • Hai
a m i n la
, ,, ... .
in
G p i cong t h i i c cua X la C x H y 0 2 N .
1
^ a i 5: Dot chay hoan toan hon hgp hai amin (no, don chuc, mach ho, dong
A '{fxd f«o/: :
= 0,04 : 0,09 : 0,01 = 4 : 9 : 1
--.^MM:
Nhan xet:
s! nt.E)^:4iTJ fiJO. :
.akri .a ' . •
Laigidi:
,1':!.
Tie h o n h o p 2 a m i n o axit la A l a v a Gly, c6 the tao ra to'i da 4
d i p e p t i t la: A l a - A l a ; Gly-Gly; A l a - G l y va G l y - A l a .
, =
„
—>• D a p an D .
C. P r o p y l a m i n v a b u t y l a m i n
D. Etylamin va butylamin
C. Tac d y n g v o i d u n g d i c h H C l
D . Do'i m a u q u y t i m .
Bai 8: D a y g o m cac cha't deu l a m gia'y q u y t i m a m c h u y e n sang m a u xanh la:
A . A n i l i n , m e t y l a m i n , amoniac.
B. A m o n i clorua, m e t y l a m i n , n a t r i h i d r o x i t .
C. A n i l i n , amoniac, n a t r i h i d r o x i t .
B. CH3CH2CH2NH2.
C. H2NCH2CH2NH2.
D. H2NCH2CH2CH2NH7..
•
B. N u o c b r o m .
C. D u n g d i c h N a O H .
D . Gia'y q u i t i m a m .
Bai 10: C h o d a y cac chat: CH4,
i m g d u p e v o i n u o c b r o m la
B. 8.
D. C H 2 = C H - N H - C H 3 .
A. 3.
Benzen
B. 1.
D.4.
C.2.
-"No,a(H,so,d) ^ ^jtrobenzen
^^^""""^ > a n i l i n .
doan tao t h a n h a n i l i n dat 50%. K h o i l u p n g a n i l i n t h u d u p e k h i d i e u che tir
i j t h i i c p h a n t u cua cac chat t r o n g hSn h p p la:
D . C4H11N va C5H13N.
D. 5.,
C. 7.
Bie't h i | u suat giai doan tao t h a n h nitrobenzen d a t 60% v a h i ^ u suat giai
fc m u o i d o vao d u n g d i c h A g N 0 3 d u t h u dupe 28,7 g a m ke't tua. V a y cong
'
'
Bai 12: N g u d i ta d i e u che a n i l i n bang so d o sau:
dving v o l d u n g d j c h H C l t h u dupe 14,2 g a m h 6 n h p p m u o i Cho h o n h(?P
C. C3H9N v a O H n N . *
300m
*,„,.KH,
t h u d u p e t o i da bao n h i e u d i p e p t i t khac n h a u
Bai 4: Cho h o n h p p X g o m 2 a m i n d o n chuc la d o n g dang ke tiep n h a u tac
B. C2H7N va C3H9N.
CH2=CH-COOH,
Bai 11: N e u t h i i y p h a n k h o n g hoan toan pentapeptit G l y - A l a - G l y - V a l - G l y t h i
. ,,
c. C H 3 - < : H 2 - N H - C H 3 .
C2H2, C2H4, C2H5OH,
y.
C6H5NH2 (anilin), CeHsOH (phenol), CsHe (benzen). So chat t r o n g day p h a n
h o i deu d o 6 c u n g d i e u ki?n). A m i n X tac d y n g v o i axit n i t r o 6 nhi?t &Q
B. C H 2 = C H - C H 2 - N H 2 .
,
A. D u n g d i c h phenolphtalein.
ra 8V l i t h o n h p p g o m k h i cacbonic, k h i n i t o v a h o i n u o c (cac the tich k h i va
A. C H 3 - C H 2 - C H 2 - N H 2 .
.)»-;rt1
T h u o c t h u de p h a n biet 3 chat l o n g tren la
Bai 3: D o t chay h o a n toan V l i t h o i m o t a m i n X bang m p t l u p n g o x i v u a d u , tao
t h u o n g , giai p h o n g k h i n i t o . Chat X la
fs^iff
Bai 9: Co 3 chat l o n g a n i l i n , benzen, stiren, d u n g rieng b i ^ t t r o n g 3 Ip m a t nhan.
p h a n n h a n h ) b a n g axit H C l , tao ra 17,64 g a m m u o i . A m i n c6 cong t h i i c la
A. H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2.
' Ofin
D. M e t y l a m i n , amoniac, n a t r i axetat.
D.0,2.
Bai 2: T r u n g hoa h o a n toan 8,88 g a m m p t a m i n (b^c m p t , m a c h cacbon khong
CM A. C H s N va C2H7N.
ci,,)
i^P
Cho 6,0 g a m X tac d y n g v o i d u n g d i c h H C l (du), so'mol H C I p h a n u n g la
C.0,3.
B. E t y l a m i n va propylamirv
B. Tac d u n g v o i d u n g d i c h Br2 ^
-
B.0,4.
A. M e t y l a m i n v a e t y l a m i n
A. Tac d u n g v o i d u n g d i c h FeCb
n g u y e n t i i C ) bang o x i vira d u , t h u dirge 0,7 m o l h o n h o p Y g o m k h i va hoi.
A . 0,1.
'' " '
^
Bai 1: D o t chay hoan toan 0,1 m o l m o t a m i n X (no, mach ha, p h a n ttr chiia > 2
,
D. C2H5NH2 va C4H9NH2.
Bai 7: A n i l i n eo t i n h cha't hoa hpc co ban nao g i o n g v o i m e t y l a m i n ?
Luu y: D i p e p t i t A l a - G l y khac d i p e p t i t G l y - A l a .
3. BAI TAP O N L U Y E N
"•"
C2H5NH2vaC3H7NK2.
H2SO4 CO p H bang 2. H a i amin t r o n g X la:
la
C.2.
C. C3H7NH2 va C4H9NH2.
.
dong dang). T r u n g hoa 0,42 gam X can dung 1 l i t dung dich gom H C l va
Vi d\ 12: So' d i p e p t i t to'i da c6 the tao ra tir m p t h o n hp-p g o m alanin va glyxin
B. 1.
B
Bai 6: H o n h p p X gom hai amin (no, don chiic bac I , ke' tiep nhau t r o n g day
C o n g t h i i c p h a n tit cua X la C4H9O2N —> D a p an A
A. 3.
A. CH3NH2 va C2H5NH2. • '
«7
156 g a m benzen la
.
A . 186,0 g a m .
B. 55,8 gam.
C. 93,0 gam.
D . 111,6 gam.
CJm nang 6n luy$n thi dgi hpc 18 chiiy§n di H6a hpc - Nguygn Van H5i
I HI/6NG DAN-L61 GIAI
Bai 13: Thuoc thu dugc dung de phan biet Gly-Ala-Gly vai G l y - A l a la
.
A . D u n g dich N a O H .
B. Dung dich N a C l .
C . Cu(OH)2 trong moi truong kiem.
D. Dung dich H C l .
Ggi cong thiic ciia X la CnH2n+2-x(NH2)x
CnH2n.2«N. .
Bai 14: C o bao nhieu tripeptit (mach ho) khac loai ma khi thuy phan hoan tohn
deu thu duQC 3 aminoaxit: Glyxin, alanin va phenylalanin
A. 6.
B.9.
C . 4.
D . 3 . ' r'
Mol:
^
B. N H 2 - C H 2 - COOCH2-CH3
C . CHa - N H - C O O - C H 2 - C H 3
D. CH3-COONH-CH2-CH3
Bai 16: D u n nong 51,72 gam hon hgp gom 2a mol tripeptit mach h a X va a mol
tetrapeptit mach ho Y voi 300ml dung djch N a O H 2 M (vua du). Sau khi cac
Mol:
C . 78,96.
'''' '
- C . Muo'i phenylamoni clorua khong tan trong nuac.
^ ,
R(NH.,2.
Mol: 0,12
^
V:
•„:
C.46,0.
D . 22,24.
D . 46,9.
riir^-^ ,S
^
^'
]' t^^
'
^.H.
1
'
±Af
, ,,;:;tiv:-fii|:J.|>:-d£^.i''::S'
//-•-^Or-i-^/^V''^'^ ^7.^v-^
' ^ .y^
,A .nfi q&G
'•• ,
A m i n chiia 1 nguyen tu N .
a,,
f , i u a . i i - _ . ; v i . . .
XCO2 + I H 2 O
2
1
-x^
X la amin bac I
Dap
5,
A
+
• •,
>> A i^o i
iN^^^^^^^Sm:'J
2
0,5y
O^ftiij^iwurf!
0,5
.•^.\^y^;^,uh
j j^;,, ;
nv^iam:mM^!!imfix fnism i v j ,t%
Loai B.
„, jy^,
,,«vMH.XB
3rt»B:ff lira-Q:J s'srtob imaM. fv.fi
'ai4:
~
Nhqn xet: V i 2 amin la dong dSng ke tiep
RNH2
B.45,1.
« J
x + 0,5y + 0,5 = 8 - > 2 x + y = 1 5 - ^ x = 3 ; y = 9 - > C3H9N.
Bai 19: D u n nong 26,9 gam hon hgp gom a mol dipeptit mach h a X va 2a mol
A. 41,5.
,, ^
- > Loai C va D.
, /vuv.;....
;'.'>frji«fe(ff
Mat khac. X tac dung voi axit nitro 0 nhiet do thugng, giai phong khi nito
Gia tri ciia m la
Gia tri cua m la
R = 42 (-C3H6-).
4_
amino axit deu c6 mot nhom - C O O H va mgt nhom - N H 2 trong phan tii.
amino axit deu c6 mgt nhom - C O O H va mgt nhom - N H 2 trong phan tit.
-f- 0,24
CHyN M x + ^)02 ^
phan ung ket thiic, c6 can dung dich thu dugc 41,04 gam muoi khan cua cac
phan ling ket thiic, c6 can dung dich thu dugc m gam muoi khan ciia cac
> R(NH3C1)2
Ggi cong thiic ciia X la CxHyN
tripeptit mach h a Y voi 300ml dung dich K O H I M (vua du). Sau khi cac
tripeptit mach ho Y voi 400ml dung dich H C l I M (vua dii). Sau khi cac
-oo f'i
_
Nhqn xet: D u a theo cac dap an
Bai 18: D u n nong m gam hon hgp gom a mol tetrapeptit mach ho X va 2a mol
C . 25,86.
' f'^'''',^ ,,
n
2HC1
Mnmin = 74 ^
Bai 3:
khai.
B. 27,15.
.f; 14 ,,„„;., H
•
- > Dap an D.
D. O dieu ki^n thuong, metylamin va dimetylamin la nhiing chat khi c6 miii
A. 33,00.
,
Bao toan khoi lugng: mnci = 8,76 gam - > nuci = 0,24 m o l sHVi
j . . „ r,
B. H 2 N - C H 2 - C H 2 - C C ) - N H - C H 2 - C O O H la mgl dipeptit.
n = X = 2.
Gia sii amiII 2 chiic (vi c6 3 trong 4 phuong an).
Bai 17: Phat bieu nao sau day la diing?
'
o,05x
Nhqn xct: D u a theo cac dap an, amin la no, d a n chiic hoac no, hai chiic.
D . 77,52.
A . Tat ca cac peptit deu C O phan ung mau blure.
+^
:f-\hiJ^.
> C2H4(NH3C1)2
0,2
Bill:
, . ^
' "
+ 2HC1
2
0,1.
2n + x = 6 ^
'-n-
'
0,1
^ N2
Dap an D.
amino axit deu c6 mot nhom - C O O H va mot nhom - N H 2 trong phan tir.
B. 72,48.
0,ln
C2H4(NH2)2
phan ling ket thiic, c6 can dung dich thu dugc m gam muoi khan ciia cac
A. 75,72.
0,1
- > X la: C2H4(NH2)2.
(o cimg dieu kien nhiet do, ap suat). Cong thiic cau tao ciia X la
H2O .
2
-> 0 , l n + 0,1. ^"^^^^^ + 0,05x = 0,7
hoan toan 2,06 gam X thu dugc the tich bang the tich ciia 0,56 gam khi nito
A. N H 2 - C H 2 - C H 2 - COC)-CH2-CH3
^ ^ 1 ^
uCO^ .
4
i j i ;
Bai 15: Este X dugc dieu che tii aminoaxit A don chiic va ancol etylic. Hoa hoi
G i a tri cua m la
^^^^^O.
Mol: 0,2.
•
>
+ HCl
, <.
^
ft;;- •
_
cong thuc chung R N H , .
RNH3CI
0,2
.4.7tmyum
'
365
RNHgCl + AgNOs
Mol:
0,2
> RNH3(N03)
<-
+ AgCl©
J.
0,2
-> RNH3CI
^ R +50,5 = 71 -» R = 2 0 , 5 .
, -
Bai5:
.
•jjj;.:^
,
'v
• •,• j ^ . /
,
' . '
C6H5NH2 + 3Br2
vui-h, .
>
C5H2Br3NH24-trang + 3HBr
Dap an B.
•
Taco:
f-,... .
- =
"H2O
> —=— =2
2
n = 1,5
,
.'
,
' IS
, ' •
fr'
-> Hai amin la CH3NH2 va C2H5NH2
,
• .
..^ ,
'.,
> C2H2Br2
- ' Oir
> CH2Br-CHBr-COOH
>
C6H2Br3NH2i
tr.4ng
CaHsOH (phenol) + 3Br2
- > D a p a n D . -['-f-
>
C6H2Br30Hi
tring +
"''r
in.v,,'
^''X
/rtoW
+ 3HBr
'''''
3HBr
....... ...MH ,^no;
Baill:
—> Dap £.n A.
Khi thiiy phan khong hoan toan pentapeptit Gly-Ala-Gly-Va'-Gly, c6 the
Bai6:
thu diroc cac loai dipeptit la: Gly-Ala, Ala-Gly, Gly-Val, Val-Gly.
pH = 2 -> [H^] = 0,01M -> n
= 0,01.1 = 0,01 mol
0,01 <-
—> Dap an D.
Lim y: Gly-Ala khac Ala-Gly, amino axit viet truoc la amino axit dau amin,
G Q I cong thuc chung cua 2 amin la R - NH2
R - N H 2 + HCl
> R-NH3CI
Mol:
>
> C2H2Br4
(anilin) + 3Br2
C6H5NH2
2n
'
-v.
C2H4 + Br2
*'
^; i
BailO:
CH2=CH-COOH + Br2
_
r,
>i'. i.0.t}
' 1 ...-fH!)-.) +) -
C2H2 + 2Br2
1 i p * ,,
Gpi cong thuc chung cua 2 amin la C - Hj-^g N
•
Benzen khong tac dung voi nuoc brom.
-> Hai goc hidrocacbon ke tiep nhau la: CHs- va C2H5-.
DapanA. : i
C6H5CH=CH2 + Br2
> C6HsCHBr-CH2Br
Anilin tac dyng voi nuoc brom tac thanh ket tiia trang:
,.!!«f!into1<
aOl
<
con viet sau la dau cacboxyl.
""'-^'^
R - N H 2 =42 -> R =26 -> CH3-vaC2H5-> Dap an A.
QH6
/ v*» ,
Mol:
^"NO,d(H,SO,d)
2
naniiin = 2.
'
Loai B vi chi c6 anilin tac dung voi nuoc brom.
- >
Phuong an C: Anilin va metyl amin deu c6 tinh baza nen deu tac dyng voi
dung dich HCl.
->
maniiin
Dap
.
50
100 100
= 0,6
, (i +£\:»iS *2"''''-''*-"'''~''
' ''^ , •
• --^Jnc q^^O '
,
mol
= 0,6.93 = 55,8 gam.
:
!:3
iom
' ^'
oky
iv A
• ^'q 6:>:i,^;iOf, •
.. ifi;'!-
' ' .Is-jno:;; - •
Nhqnxet:
->DapanC ; ^
fW
an B.
Bail3:
Loai D vi chi metylamin lam doi mau qui tim.
^'-^"^'""^ > C6H5NH2.
C0H.NO2
2
^ 60
Loai A vi chi c6 metylamin tac dung voi dung dich FeCIa.
^
-n i v •
"
•
Gly-Ala-Gly la tripepit nen c6 phan ung voi Cu(OH)2 trong moi truong
Bai8:
kiem t?o thanh dung dich mau tim, trong khi Gly-Ala la dipeptit nen khong
Loai A, C vi anilin khong lam chuyen mau qui tim am.
CO tinh chat nay.
Loai B vi amoni clorua c6 moi truong axit yeu, lam qui tim am chuyen sang
->DapanC.
^
iril
rlOi:-!/!
5'
•
)ij»:|9q,ufi3
oifa'ift'f
.vir, - • ; .
mau hong.
—> Dap anD.
Nhqn xet: Tripeptit (mach ho) can chua 3 aminoaxit: Gly, Ala va Phe.
Bai9:
Co 6 loai tripeptit nhu vay: Gly-Ala-Phe; Gly-Phe-Ala; Ala-Gly-Phe; Ala-
Stiren lam mat mau nuoc brom:
'K *
•
366
.y,-
Phe-Gly; Phe-Gly-Ala; Phe-Ala-Gly.
-> Dap an A.
•
'^'Z '^B;--
'
'^'"^''''' ' '
. 367
Ca'iri naii'j on luyen thi dai lioc 18 chuyfen cii; Hcia lioc
Mtjnyf'ii Van HSi
Bail5:
-CO-NH-
n ^ i j = 0,02 m o l . • 's,i*tft'fiij,l li-M •dUisflt o^AtAwyid vyun
GQi cong t h i i c ciia X la H2NRCOOC2H5.
nx = n ^ i ^ ^ 0,02 m o l . ,
^
iQ,.
Im
•:jiA smrnj
4 - r - , '^-ML +
-Hv'A^.
j j u j i U ^Qun \<>J s.i"'ub
M x = 103 -> R = 1 4 ( - C H 2 - ) .
'
'
"
'
,:^!v:>,: •> rv,.v •
•
'''^^
-> D a p an B.
Mol:
7a
+ NaOH
3a
,
•••
*'
Bao toan k h o i l u g n g :
m
Bail6:
nNaon
- —> - C O O N a
3a
Theo bai:
"'
+ H2N-
7a
-COOH
Mol:
-> - C O O N a
+ NaOH
+ H2O
iy-.i\a h « v ' : , i i > I J i - ' X ' M ; ' [ '
= 7a + 3a = 10a = 0,3 —> a = 0,03 m o l .
Nhqn xet: K h i cho cac peptit tac d u n g v o i N a O H t h i c6 cac lien ket peptit va
-^m
-> D a p an C.
osb
Ad'}
:(3'-I) n ^ ^ i i a i l o ' !
+ m K O l I = m m u o i khan + m [i^Q
n h o m - C O O H (ciia amino axit dau C) t h a m gia p h a n u n g .
5
«/(!.,."',_
_.||: J,
= 41,04 + 0,03.3.18-0,3.56 = 25,86 gam.
,
pj
:n«wfe'»H
:,
Theo bai, 2a m o l t r i p e p t i t mach h o Y c6 2a.2 = 4a m o l lien ket peptit.
;;
a m o l tetrapeptit mach h o X c6 a.3 = 3a m o l lien ket peptit.
^
n h o m H 2 N - (ciia a m i n o axit dau N ) t h a m gia p h a n u n g . -.moh 1 y i i i
Cac p h a n u n g r i i t gon ciia lien ket peptit va n h o m - C O O H la:
^,
Theo bai, a m o l d i p e p t i t mach h o X c6 a . l = a m o l lien ket peptit.
-CO-NHMol:
7a
Mol:
3a
Theo bai:
+ NaOH
> -COONa
+ H2N-
+ NaOH
> -COONa
Cac p h a n l i n g r i i t gon ciia lien ket peptit va n h o m H 2 N - la:
+ H2O
3a
= 7a + 3a = 10a = 0,6 -> a = 0,06 m o l .
^^^^^
^ - j , ^ ^.^^y
• ;ii •
Mol:
j_rv\
= 51,72 + 0,6.40 - 0,06.3.18 = 72,48 g a m .
->DapanB.
Mol:
:£i
+ m N a O H = m m i i o i khan + m , , Q
->mn,uoikhan
-CO-NH-
, f t i | ' e f A - ^ f ; > : ; i ; .HV,
Bao toan k h o i l u g n g :
51,72
ff\
T o n g so m o l n h o m H 2 N - bang a + 2a = 3a.
3a
nNnon
Vii: r ;
2a m o l t r i p e p t i t mach h a Y c6 2a.2 = 4a m o l lien ket p e p t i t
7a
-COOH
•i
Nhan xet: K h i cho cac peptit tac d u n g v o i H C l t h i c6 cac lien ket peptit va
T o n g so m o l n h o m - C O O H bang a + 2a = 3a.
•r":''^''<
' ^ \'t^'''^-''-i(:it.,.
+ H C l + H2O
5a
5a
H2N-
+ HCl
3a
3a
Bai 17:,,:
->m
Loai A v i cac t r i p e p t i t t r o len m o i c6 p h a n l i n g m a u b i u r e (cac dipeptit
+ CI
5a
>
CIH3N-
» rft hM
" •
Theo bai: nuci = 5a + 3a = 8a = 0,4 - » a = 0,05 m o l .
Bao toan kho'i l u g n g :
'(\^,"'(W)''"''"^"'
> -COOH
mpepiit
+
mHci + m
= 26,9+ 0,4.36,5+ 0,25.18 = 46 gam.
=m
^,, j. ^
'
->DapanC.
khong CO phan ung).
L o a i B v i m a t xich d a u tien t r o n g cong thuc k h o n g p h a i la m o t a - a m i n o a x i t .
L o a i C v i m u o i p h e n y l a m o n i clorua tan t r o n g n u o c .
ai
D a p an D . 6
d i e u k i ^ n t h u o n g , c6 4 a m i n : M e t y l a m i n ,
dimetylamin,
j.^
- ^ t r i m e t y l a m i n va e t y l a m i n d e u la n h i r n g chat k h i c6 m i i i k h a i .
Bai 18:
,V,
•Jl.
Nhan xct: K h i cho cac peptit tac d u n g v o i N a O H t h i c6 cac lien ket peptit v a
n h o m - C O O H (ciia a m i n o axit dau C) t h a m gia phan u n g .
M
Theo bai, a m o l tetrapeptit mach h o X c6 a.3 = 3a m o l lien ket peptit.
"fii
2a m o l t r i p e p t i t mach h o Y c6 2a.2 = 4a m o l lien ket p e p t i t
T o n g so m o l n h o m - C O O H bang a + 2a =3a.
,;
>
!
I
HI
i3-3fi';i
Cac p h a n u n g r i i t g o n ciia lien ket peptit va n h o m - C O O H la;,-; {||iQ 4*368
369
UiyrrafflT
Ca,-n naiig on luy?n tlii 6.)\c 18 chuyeii de H6a hpc - Nguyen Van H j i
Chuyen de18
H2N-(CH2)s-COOH
a. C h a t d e o
-
-j-'Vi; '
)
(- C H o - CH2 -)n
'
/
^j-
t . p. xt ->
!•
!
Nilon-7 (to enang)
-HN-(CH:)5-CO-
'CH-CH-NH
n CH2 = C H
>
I
(-CH2-CH-)n
n CH2 = C H
ei
(-CH2-CH-)„
CHj
Cao su t h i e n n h i e n la poliisopren
[ C a o su t o n g h o p g o m : Cao su buna; cao su buna-S ( t r u n g h o p b u t a - l , 3 - d i e n
CH3
v o i stiren); cao su b u n a - N ( t r u n g h o p buta-l,3-dien v o i a c r i l o n i t r i n ) .
:. C A C V i D V M A U
> (- C H . - C H -)„
COOCH3
V i d u 1: Polime d u n g de che tao t h u y t i n h h i i u co (plexiglas) d u g c dieu che
COOCH3
bang p h a n u n g t r u n g h o p
Nhira phenolfomandehit:
OH
HCHO
'-P-"'
'5»f} ue. oj:,
Cao su g o m 2 loai: Cao su thien nhien va cao su t o n g h o p .
71 SS'
P o l i ( m e t y l metacrylat): (Thuy t i n h h u u h u u co plexiglas):
+
- '•.p.^->
'.,5 -.'O
Caosu '
ci
'
capron
acrilonitrin
''•^•"^ > (- CH2 - C H -)„
n CH: = CH
ta
nCH.-CH-CN
P o l i v i n y l clorua (PVC):
-
f.:.*^!
CH^-CH-CO
H:
CH
" ' '
Polistiren:
-
i^nang-viyi—
.(jr
n C H 2 = CH2
-
-"S
> - H N - ( C H 2 )l s - C O - + H2O
H2O
Axit CO -aminoenantoic
Polietilen (PE):
-
Nilon-6
H 2 N - ( C H 2 ) 6 - C O O H — ''
1. H E T H O N G K I E N T H l / C T R Q N G T A M
uvvn
> - H N - ( C H 2 ) s - C O - + H2O
Axit £-aminocaproic
POLIME vA VAT LIEU POLIME
M I V
A . CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3
B. C H 2 = C H C O O C H 3 ti f>!:> J5 A, 1
C. C6H5CH=CH2
D . C H 3 C O O C H = C H 2 s!.i',i
kpA!..\'i{''
>
Laigiai:
x of!;;!!;
•
M o n o m e d i i n g de che tao t h u y t i n h h i i u co la m e t y l metacrylat.
.c ,
—> D a p an A .
b. T o
Vi
T o g o m 2 loai: to thien nhien va t o hoa hoc
2: T r o n g so cac loai t o sau: To tam, to visco, t o nilon-6,6, t o axetat, to
capron, to enang. N h i i n g loai to nao thuQC t o nhan tao ?
a) To thien nhien gom: To tam, bong, len, day.
A . T o t a m va t o enang.
B. T o visco va t o nilon-6,6.
b) To hoa hoc gom 2 loai: T o tong h o p va to ban t o n g h g p (to n h a n tgo)
C. T o nilon-6,6 va t o capron.
D . T o visco va t o axetat.
+
T o n h a n tao g o m : T o visco va to axetat.
+
T o t o n g h o p g o m 3 loai: T o p o l i a m i t (nilon-6,6; nilon-6; nilon-7; to capron);
^
H a i loqii t o n h a n tao t r o n g c h u o n g t r i n h la t o visco v a t o axetat. Ca hai loai
t o polieste (poli(etylen-terephtalat)); to n i t r o n .
B
to nay deu co n g u o n goc t u xenlulozo - > Dap an D .
H2N-(CH2)6-NH2
+
HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH
Hexametilen diamin
"
Lot gidi:
- ^
)
Axit adipic
.
- H N - ( C H 2 ) 6 - N H - C O - ( C H 2 ) 4 - C O - + 2H2O
Nilon-6,6
^70
'''^
V i d u 3: K h i tien h a n h d o n g t r u n g h o p buta-l,3-dien va a c r i l o n i t r i n t h u duoc
mpt loai cao su b u n a - N chua 8,69% n i t o ve k h o i l u g n g . T i le so mat xich
g i i i a b u t a - l , 3 - d i e n va a c r i l o n i t r i n t r o n g cao su la • ^ ^ i , .
A. 1 : 1 . . ,
,
B. 1 : 2 .
C.2:l.
.
:
D.3:l.
371
Ill iiaiKj Oil iiiyfin tin
Cty TNHH MTV IJV/VH Khang Vigt
hoc W. ' iiiiygn d§ H6a hgc - Nonyuii V l n Hi\
Lai giai:
i d u 6: Trong cac polime sau: (1) poli(metyl metacrylat); (2) polistiren; (3)
y->A '
Cong thiic buta-l,3-dien: CH2=CH-CH=CH2 va acrilonitrin : C H 2 = C H - C N .
nilon-7; (4) poli(etylen-terephtalat); (5) nilon-6,6; (6) poli(vinyl axetat), cac
Goi thanh phan cao su b u n a - N la (C4H6)k(C3H3N)
polime la san pham cua phan ung trung ngung la
C4k+3H6k+3N
^ M = ^ - ^ ^ = 1 6 1 ^ 12(4k + 3) + 6k + 3 + 14 = 161
8,69
"•
• 0',>.
- > k = 2.
^DapanC.
^--'''v.
. "
"
:
'
V i d u 4: K h i luu hoa cao su thien nhien thu dugc mot loai cao su trong do luu
huynh chiem 2,3% ve khoi lugng. Hoi trung binh mgt cau no'i - S - S - cong
vao bao nhieu mat xich isopren?
A.20.
:
,
^,,,,,^.1,,..B.10.
f4''").|.i)=;, }"f >n
i £ . r j...:,..
M=
2,3
~ 1391
68k + 32 = 1391
. | J,,
Cac polime con lai la san pham cua phan ung trung hgp.
, ,
B. 6.
Lcrigidi:
D. 3.
CH2=CH-C1
,
A sai vi to visco la to ban tong hgp (to nhan tao).
""^^ ncuq. .
^ ' ^ ^
'
B sai vi cao su buna-N la san pham cua phan ung trung hgp. Day la phuong
Lj.'t
C sai vi triing hgp stiren thu dugc polistiren
- > D a p an D . ,„
,
'
• ^&>^
' "-> ' -
•«.,.-'•<,:;••*•'•O'-'
,P,1,,
,
1
*' '
^"'>-ikA* •*/i-''-;;J-n> . / V •
' - . . . ' M i . ^ ^ v V'V
.1,,,,:,,,, ,
Thanh phan ung voi k mat xich
tM' f i J '
B. Poli(vinyl axetat); polietilen; cao su buna.
,
C . Nilon-6,6; poli(etylen-terephtalat); polistiren.
,^
D. Polietilen; cao su buna; polistiren.
Khi 1 phan tu CI2 phan ung thi 1 nguyen tu C I se vao t h e c h c cua nguyen
tuH.
'1,
f s r ;
A. T o capron; nilon-6,6; polietilen.
,>.'i ;,i.t. M ' ' - -
trong mach P V C la C2kH3kClk.
'
.
,
'
'
Lai gtat:
Cac polime bj thuy phan trong dung djch H2SO4 loang nong la cac polime
i$o _> Cong thuc polime sau khi clo hoa: C2kH3k-iClk+i
thugc loai poliamit hoac polieste.
63,96
li.gl
l b ) - > 27k - 1 + 35,5(k + 1) = 55,5(k + 1)
, ' •! lQf(
- > 2 7 k - l =20(k + l ) - > k =3.
—> Dap an D .
.
'"^ <
Loai A vi to capron va nilon-6,6 deu thugc loai poliamit nen bi thuy phan.
^M=:?5^^-^=55,5(k.l)
372
''
D. Poli(etylen - terephtalat) dugc dieu chebang phan ung trting ngung cac
la
N h u a P V C la poli (vinyl clorua).
Cong thuc vinyl clorua:
'
V i du 8: Cac cha't deu khong bi thiiy phan trong dung dich H2SO4 loang nong
C . 4.
i l l 10
'
an gay nhieu cho hgc sinh.
lugng, trung binh mgt phan tu clo phan ung v6i k mat xich trong mach
P V C . Gia tri cua k la
' ,
—> D a p an D .
,^,^n
V i dvi 5: Clo hoa P V C thu dugc mgt polime (to clorin) chua 63,96% clo ve khoi
A. 5.
Cac polime la san pham cua phan ung trung ngung la: (3), (4), (5).
monome tuang ung.
f'./
\ ' x(-
- » k ~ 20.
—> Dap an A.
v:
Latgtat:
,^,,'51
/'^^'^ (''^«»*'* ^
' I
,
C . Triing hgp stiren thu dugc poli(phenol-fomandehit).
^ „^:y^^^^ y,,, ^
'
(3), (4), (5).
B. Triing ngung buta-l,3-dien voi acrilonitrin thu dugc cao su buna-N. *
Goi thanh phan cao su luu hoa la (C5H8)kS2 —> CskH8kS2 , ^.j
^
D.
(1), (3), (5).
A. T o visco la to tong hgp.
, ,.
Cong thuc isopren la: CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2.
i'i'7i-(''yT"");"!'f:'")
B.(i),(2),(3).
V i du 7: Phat bieu nao sau day la dung?
c.3o:•;.^^^^^^.^^^^^^^^^
Cao su thien nhien la poli(isopren).
•
c.
.
.,1
^ ^
;, , ,!,•,/'.
Loai B vi poli(vinyl axetat) thugc loai polieste nen bi thiiy phan. ' <
Loai C vi nilon-6,6 thugc loai poliamit; poli(etylen-terephtalat) thugc loai
polieste nen deu bj thiiy phan.
v
->DapanD.:
,,u''H:h;r
. .
/•••>;>'.•,,'
373
Cty i W i i H MTV DWH Khang Vigt
dm nang On luyQn thi d^i hpc 18 chuyen
Bai 9: P o l i ( m e t y l metacrylat) va nilon-6 d u g c tao thanh t u cac m c n o m e t u o n g
3. B A I T A P O N L U Y E N
u n g la
Bai 1. P o l i ( v i n y l axetat) la p o l i m e dugc dieu che'bang phan l i n g t r u n g h g p
A. C 2 H s C O O - C H = C H 2
,
C. C H 3 C O O - C H = C H 2
A. T o poliamit.
B. T o visco.
C. Polieste.
D . T o axetat.
Bai 3. Phan t u k h o i cua m o t doan mach t o nilon-6,6 la 27346 va ciia m o t doan
mach t o capron la 17176. So l u g n g m 5 t xich t r o n g doan mach nilon-6,6 va
A. 113 v a 152.
B. 1 2 1 v a l l 4 .
C. 121 va 152.
D. 113vall4
Bai 4. C h o cac loai t o : bong, t o capron, t o xenlulozo axetat, t o tarn, t o nitron,
B.2.
C.3.
A. H2N-(CH2)6-NH2
.
I
C. C H 2 - C O O - C H = C H 2 va H 2 N - [ C H 2 ] 5 - C O O H .
n
i
D . CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3 va H 2 N - [ C H 2 ] 3 - C O O H .
:/: < ? ; n - :
^ a i 10. D a y g o m cac chat deu c6 kha nang t h a m gia p h a n u n g t r u n g h g p la:
A. stiren; clobenzen; isopren; b u t - l - e n .
C. b u t a - l , 3 - d i e n ; cumen; etilen; frans-but-2-en. > '
"
'/
>H.>i(.
'
•! i
/i
D . 1,1,2,2-tetrafloeten; p r o p i l e n ; stiren; v i n y l clorua.
,
.«eiv,,HviB.
C. H2N-(CH2)6-NH2 va H O O C - ( C H 2 ) 6 - C O O H
y , ,,,,,
=
D.CH3CH(NH2)COOH..
-..orh.rh u^irJn
rm
Bai 6. D a y g o m cac chat d u g c d u n g de t o n g h g p cao su Buna-S la:
A. CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2, C6H5CH=CH2.
B. C H 2 = C H - C H = C H 2 , C 6 H 5 C H = C H 2 .
.
.
•;
i w i d :imM
C. C H 2 = C H - C H = C H 2 , S.
'
ml, IBSI- A J .6 u •
O :
'
mf>A({ r.i>.' d 'Vuu,4
n
' T V ' "
H C H O va CeHsOH;
r^^ihr^hO^
(4) H 2 N - ( C H 2 ) 5 - C O O H ;
(5) H2N-(CH2)6-NH2 va H O O C - ( C H 2 ) 4 - C O O H
So t r u o n g h g p c6 k h a nang t h a m gia phan u n g t r u n g n g u n g tgo thanh
p o l i m e la
A. 2.
.
(ji^
(2) H 2 N - C H 2 - C O O H ;
(3)
:v,%k,-.M
B. H 2 N - ( C H 2 ) . - C O O H
;^
,1! i , . . :
(1) C H 3 - C H ( N H 2 ) - C O O H ;
D.4.
Bai 5. N i l o n - 7 d u g c dieu che'bang phan l i n g n g u n g t u aminoaxit nao sau day?
:
B. C H 2 = C ( C H 3 ) - C O O C H 3 v a H 2 N - [ C H 2 ] 6 - C O O H .
„. :
Bai 11. C h o cac chat hoac cac cap chat sau day:
nilon-6,6. So t o t o n g h g p la
A. 5.
,
B. 1,2-diciopropan; vinylaxetilen; vinylbenzen; toluen.
capron neu tren Ian l u g t la
:-'n':.V'<>...'•
^
D. CH2=CH-COOCH3
Bai 2. N i l o n - 6 , 6 la nriQt loai
;,(=•• ?,'-
hhiKfiyi
A . C H 2 = C H - C O O C H 3 va H 2 N - [ C H 2 ] 6 - C O O H .
B. C H 2 = C H - C O O - C 2 H 5
•/
.''"t^ui
B. 5.
C. 4.
4. H l / O N G D A N - L O I G I A I
D . 3.
,,/i;JvTOi|^a
m;.'
^
P o l i ( v i n y l axetat) d u g c dieu che'tu m o n o m e la v i n y l axetat.
D. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, CH3-CH=CH2.
^DapanC.
,
<^m, nM^ini
•
Bai 7. C h o so d o chuyen hoa sau
QH2
X
) Y
) Cao su b u n a - N .
Cac chat X, Y, Z Ian l u g t la:
.
,^
;,f
^;
Nhqn xet: De l a m b a i tap nay, hoc sinh can n h d d u g c cong thuc cua nilon-6,6
va t o capron.
B. Axetandehit; ancol etylic; b u t a - l , 3 - d i e n .
C. V i n y l a x e t i l e n ; b u t a - l , 3 - d i e n ; stiren.
,
D. V i n y l a x e t i l e n ; b u t a - l , 3 - d i e n ; acrilonitrin.
, .
Mot
y .^
'^
l u o n g la 226
Bai 8. Polime nao sau day d u g c tong hgp bang phan u n g t r u n g n g u n g ?
m a t xich ciia to nilon-6,6: - H N - ( C H 2 ) 6 - N H - C O - ( C H 2 ) 4 - C O - c6 k h o i
so m a t xich t r o n g doan mach nilon-6,6 bang 27346/226 =
121.
A. Poliacrilonitrin.
B. Poli(metyl metacrylaf).
Mot
m a t xich cua t o capron: - H N - ( C H 2 ) 5 - C C ) - c6 k h o i l u g n g la 113
C. Polostiren.
D . Poli (etylen terephtalat)
m a t xich t r o n g d o a n mach t o capron bang 17176/113 = 152.
- > D a p an C.
•37/1
„;,„^,.(^,.^.,^^ j ,
Bai 3.
.
, ^ A . Benzen; xiclohexan, amoniac.
N i l o n - 6 , 6 la loai t o p o l i a m i t - > D a p an A .
, ,
so
375
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt
H6a hqc - Nguyen Van Hi\
d m nang 6n luygn thi dgi hpc 18 chuySn
Bai 4.
•.'•^
Nhan xet: De lam bai tap nay, hoc sinh can nho each phan loai to.
ai 10.
Nhqn xet: C a c monome c6 kha nan^ lham gia phan ung trimg hop can c6
' ;
Bong, to tam thuoc loai to thien nhien.
lien ket C=C trong phan tu.
To xenlulozo axetat thuoc loai to ban tong hop (to nhan tao).
;
Loai A vi clobenzen khong c6 phan ung trung hop.
T o capron, to nitron, nilon-6,6 thuoc loai to tong hop.
) > i
Loai B vi 1,2-diclopropan va tokien khong c6 phan ung Uun^' hop.
Bai5.
•
'
•
,
; Loai C vi cumen khong c6 phan ung trung hop.
) i j ' . „>, "i . i ,
—>• D a p an C .
t j ,,; ,
—^DapanD. '
•• '
' '
-n*
<
To niIon-7 hay con goi la to enang la loai to duoc dieu che bang phan ung
Luu I/: B va C la cac phuong an gay nhieu vi cac chat trong day deu c6 d u u i
trung ngung axit O) -aminoenantoic (axit 7-aminoheptanoic).
en, hoc sinh de lam tuong chiing c6 lien ket C=C trong phan tu.
,
Lu'u y: Nilon-7 la to trong mot mat xich c6 7 nguyen tir cacbon.
- > Dap an A .
Bai 6.
^ i
. ,
' "n
•
. f'ti
aill.
ic'
' Nhqn xet: De lam duoc bai nay, cac em can nam duoc dieu kien de cac
i
. 1 . i . t 'M1
' ' i ' ''
' monome tham gia phan ung trung ngung la monome phai da chuc va giiia
I
Cao su buna-S la san pham cua phan ung trung hp'p buta-l,3-dien va stiren.
Luu y: phuong an C la phuong an gay nhieu.
'
Bai 7.
Nhan xet'De
Tat ca 5 truong hop deu c6 kha nang tham gia phan ung trung ngung.
•
- > D a p an B.
- > Dap an B.
'
'
i
cac nhom chiic c6 kha nang tach nuoc.
. I
.
I I . '
• *•
ul
' ' V /M I
tao thanh cao su buna-N thi Z la acrilonitrin.
'
•• ' •
•"' - > Dap an B.
^
X la vinylaxetilen; Y la buta-l,3-dien.
t
"
i
Bai 8.
Nhan xet: De lam duoc bai tap nay hoc sinh can nam duoc each thuc tong
hop cac polime.
Cac polime: oliacrilonitrin, poli{metyl metacrylat), polostiren duoc dieu che
it* j * . i
bang phan ung trung hop.
Poll (etylen terephtalat) duoc dieu che bang phan img trimg etylen glicol va
axit terephtalic.
"
'
I ' l l
I
i
-> Dapr.nD.
Bai 9:
1.'
r i ; .
>l I
Nhqn xet: D e lam duoc bai tap nay hoc sinh can nam duoc each thuc tong
hop cac polime.
. '
r
De de nho, hoc sinh can luu y rang: nilon-6 la to trong mot mat xich c6 6
nguyen tu cacbon.
t))
. / ' j ' h I'jit,
, ,,1!^
n, i.i
nil. ' K".'
'J I
- » D a p an D.
376,
377
T
Cfiiii i:arig on luyen thi dai hoc 18 chuyeii (le H'ja hpc - N g u y j n VSn Hi\
, mi
T H I T H l / DAI HOC
D E S O l
•
Cau 1 . Cho so d o bien hoa sau
( D o n g phan cua Y)
T
^
Z
>Y
B.
4.
C.
1.
iVr.f:'}-..
0.3.
dktc) va d u n g djch Y chua hai m u o i cua hai k i m loai hoa t r i 3. Meu cho Y tac
Ten cua cac chat Y va T Ian l u g t la
d u n g v o i d u n g djch N a O H ( d u ) , n u n g ket tua sau p h a n u n g t o i k h o i l u g n g
A . 1-brometan va 2-brometan.
k h o n g d o i t h u d u g c 3,6 gam chat ran. Gia trj cua m va cong thuc F c x O y la
B. 1,1- d i b r o m e t a n va 1,2-dibrometan.
A. 4,83 va Fe304.
B. 4,95 va Fe203.
C. 1 , 2 - d i b r o m e t a n va 1,1-dibrometan.
C. 4 , 9 5 v a F e O .
D . 5,25 va Fe304.
C a u 7. D o t chay hoan toan m g a m hon h g p X g o m 3 ancol ( d a n chuc, d o n g
D. 1-brometan va 1,2- d i b r o m e t a n .
dang), t h u d u g c 8,96 l i t k h i CO2 (dktc) va 11,7 gam n u a c . M a t khac, neu d u n
C a u 2. Cho 2,30 g a m h o n h o p g o m A l , Fe va Z n tac d u n g v o i m o t l u g n g vua
du d u n g d i c h H2SO410%, t h u dugc 2,24 l i t k h i H2 (a d k t c ) . K h o i l u g n g dung
n o n g m g a m X v o i H2SO4 dac t h i tong k h o i l u g n g ete to'i da t h u d u g c la
djch t h u d u g c sau phan u n g la
A . 7,85 g a m .
A . 102,3 g a m .
B. 95,5 gam.
C. 100,1 g a m .
A. C H 3 - C H 2 - C O - C H 3 .
,,
">'
B. C H 2 = C H - C H 2 - C O O H .
D. CH2=CH-CH2-CHO.
(1) K h i dien tich hat n h a n tang, nhi^t d g n o n g chay ciia k i m loai k i e m g i a m
dan.
— ^
(2) K h i d i e n tich hat nhan tang, nhiet d g n o n g chay cua k i m loai k i e m tho
I
tang d a n .
(3) NhCrng k i m loai co phan l o p electron ngoai cung la ns^ deu la k i m loai
So'phan u n g t r o n g d o CO tao thanh andehit axetic la
B.5.
C.4.
k i e m tho.
D.2.
C a u 4. Phan h u y m o t l u g n g ozon t r o n g b i n h k i n c6 d u n g t i c h 1 l i t ( k h o n g doi),
(4) 6 d i e u kien t h u a n g , cac t i n h the k i m loai k i e m d e u co c u n g m o t kieu
sau 40 giay t h u d u g c 0,06 m o l o x i . Toe d g t r u n g b i n h cua p h a n u n g (tinh
m a n g t i n h the.
theo ozon) t r o n g 40 giay tren la
B. 7,5.10"^ mol/(l.s).
:
'
T r o n g car phat bieu tren, so phat bieu d i i n g la
A . 2,5.10^ mol/(l.s).
C. 1,0.10-3 mol/(l.s).
D . 5,60 g a m .
!au 9. Cho cac phat bieu sau:
t"
NaOH
(5) CH3CHCI2 + N a O H
A. 3.
.
C.CH=C--CH2-CHO.
"tf"^ >
(3) CH3COOCH=CH2 + H2O
(4) CH2=CH2 + O2
C. 6,50 gam.
11,2 l i t k h i o x i (dktc). C o n g thuc cau tao cua X la
(1) CH3CH2OH + C u O
(2) H C ^ C H + H 2 O
B. 7,40 g a m .
lau 8. Do't chay hoan toan 0,1 m o l chat h i i u co X mach h o can d u n g v u a d u
D . 97,8 g a m .
C a u 3. Cho cac p h a n u n g sau:
' ^
A . 1.
D . 5,0.10"^ mol/(l.s).
(1) N h o d u n g d i c h H C l vao d u n g dich KHCOa.
B.2.
)
C.3.
^
nhaula:'
; r K > V i H>;;\ i
,t;|B:.j;:i, & •
^S'^'f' •
tswH../.-
A . t o capron, nilon-6, t o nitron.
§,.f aji)
(2) Sue khi clo vao dung djch KHCO3.
B. p o l l etilen, p o l l propen, p o l l but-2-en.
^•»-* I ' l
(3) Sue khi O3 vao dung dich K I .
C. to enang, to capron, nilon-6,6.
(4) Nho dung djch K H C O 3 vao d u n g djch K H S O 4 .
D.4.
C a u 10. D a y g o m cac p o l i m e co thanh phan phan t r a m cac n g u y e n to bang
C a u 5. Tien hanh cac t h i n g h i ^ m sau:
378
A . 2.
v u a d u 170ml H N O 3 2 M , t h u d u g c 1,232 l i t N O (san p h a m k h u d u y nhat, a
^ ^
C2H2
So'thi n g h i # m xay ra p h a n u n g va giai p h o n g k h i la
Cau 6. H o a tan hoan toan m g a m h o n h g p X g o m A l va F e x O y vao m o t l u g n g
'
Br,(dd)
Cty TNHii M i V DVVH Khang Vi?t
m
,
-jiusi'
:
D . p o l l etilen, cao su thien nhien, cao su buna.
•i
•<•'>• 1 i - =
'
,
379
C^m nang 6n luy^n thi d^i hpc 18 chuy§n d§ H6a hgc
^iiiuvcii van Hii
Cty TNI Hi iVlTV DVVH KhangVift
Cau 1 1 . Dot chay hoan toan 14,12 gam ba axit beo: stearic, oleic va linoleic, sau
phan ung thu duoc 20,16 lit C O 2 (dktc) va m gam H2O. Gia trj ciia m la
dich FeCla 0,32 M , sau phan ung thu dugc 11,56 gam hon hgp .2 kim loai va
A. 14,12.
dung dich Y. Gia tri ciia x la
,r , .jv
B. 16,52.
C. 15,48. . ,
D. 17,12.
Cau 12. Hon hgp M gom hai hgp chat huu co X va Y mach ho, deu c6 cong
thuc phan t u la C4H9CI, Khi thuc hien phan ung tach H C l trong dieu kien
A. l-clo-2-metylpropan va 2-clo-2-metylpropan.
^
A. 0,14.
,
B. 0,06.
i
'>
^{qX'rf
- oov ;*
'
IV':,'f-
•'•
1 \
(4) Glucozo va saccarozo bi thuy phan cho san pham co phan ung trang
ioG
•'t{A'fM''t !ii
: f ' I M ! U A ( V :$^#tj)t)'<:*3
gUOng.
h
(1) K i m loai xesi thuong dugc dung lam te bao quang dien.
(5) Glucozo va fructozo deu tac dung voi hidro (xuc tac N i , t°) tao ra sorbitol.
(2) Hgp kim Na - K dung lam chat trao doi nhiet trong mot so' 16 phan ling
(6) Xenlulozo va tinh bot deu la polisaccarit. ; .t,
(3) Kim loai kiem thuong dung de che tao hgp kim dung trong k l thuat
hang khong.
.
.rH j ^) ) -u
(4) K i m loai Na dung de san xuat muo'i an cong nghiep.
Trong cac phat bieu tren, so phat bieu dung la
A. 1.
B. 4.
jj )
/rjj'i ( n l n
C.2.
J-'H
C. 560.
A. (1), (3), (5), (6).
B. (1), (2), (5), (6).
C. (1), (2), (4), (5).
D. (1), (2), (3), (6).
tac dung voi 300ml dung dich NaOH 2,04M, sau phan ung thu dugc 8,424
0,045 mol CO2. Cac andehit trong hon hgp X la
A. C H 3 C H O va HCHO.
B. C2H3CHO va C H 3 C H O .
C. C2H3CHO va HCHO.
D. C2H5CHO va HCHO.
l . F e S 2 + 02
'" >
3. HgS + O2
'"
gam ke't tiia. Mat khac neu cho 400ml dung djch X tac dung voi dung dich
5. SO2 + Br2 + H2O
BaCh (du), thi thu dugc 33,552 gam ket tua. Ti so y : z la
7. KNO3
;
C.2,00.
,,
!au 20. Cho cac phan ung sau:
D. 336.
Cau 15. Dung djch X chua AlCb y M va Al2(S04)3 zM. Lay 400 ml dung djch X
B.0,73».
:)
mol A g va dung djch Y. Toan bo Y tac dung v6i axit HCl (du), thu dugc
D .3 .
dugc Vml khi CO2 (dktc). Gia trj cua V la:
B. 224.
\
toan voi dung dich AgNOa trong NH3 (du), sau phan ling thu dugc 0,195
f j a d ,
dung djch axit X nong do 0,1M phan ung het vai dung djch NaHCOs, thu
A. 0,50.
.
lau 19. Cho 1,770 gam hon hgp X gom 2 andehit don chuc phan ung hoan
^ t,
Cau 14. Axit cacboxylic X co cong thuc don gian nhat la C3H3O2. Khi cho 100ml
A. 448.
^ .
Nhi>ng nhan djnh dung la
hatnhan.
D. 1,75.
2. Cu(N03)2
4. H2S + SO2
)
)•
6. Ag2S + O2
8. NH4NO2 .
'" )
So phan ung tao ra dan chat la
Cau 16. Sue 3,136 lit khi CO2 (dktc) vao 500ml dung dich NaOH 0,32M. Sau
A. 5.
B. 3.
C. 6.
D. 4.
phan ung thu dugc dung dich X. Cho 250ml dung dich Y gom BaCh 0,32M
au 21. Cho 1,344 lit khi CI2 (dktc) di qua 250ml dung dich K O H a mol/1 6
va Ba(OH)2 y M vao dung djch X, sau phan ling thu dugc 7,88 gam ke't tua
80"C. Sau khi phan lirig hoan toan, thu dugc 3,725 gam KCl. Gia t r i cua a la
va dung djch Z. Gia trj cua y la
A. 0,24.
A. 0,03.
rf i i o q ,ft^.qoiq .
B.0,08.
-
C.0,05.
,
D. 0,04.
|
B. 0,48.
C. 0,40.
'
'
D. 0,20.
'
au 22. De tach rieng NH3 ra khoi hSn hgp khi X gom N2, H2, NHs trong cong
nghiep, nguoi ta da tien hanh bien phap nao duoi day?
380
D. 0,10.
(3) Glucozo va saccarozo deu k h u dugc AgNOs/NHs khi dun nong.
f>/Ifiv",
D. l-clobutan va 2-clo-2-metylpropan. , ;Tu:i<*:jTr.'n6Gi, n e o f i ;(jiih
Cau 13. Cho cac phat bieu nao sau:
C. 0,12.
i^-'^'^
au 18. Co mot so nhan dinh ve cacbohidrat:
lam.
'
••'•'^''i
•'•••••'•A
(2) Glucozo va saccarozo hoa tan Cu(OH)2 tao thanh dung dich mau xanh
,.,
B. 1-clobutan va 2-clobutan.
C. l-clo-2-metylpropan va 2-clobutan.
•.'^•••f
(1) Glucozo va saccarozo deu, la chat ran, co vj nggt va de tan trong nuoc.
thich hgp chi thu dugc duy nhat mot anken. X, Y co ten ggi la
t
au 17. Cho hon hgp bot gom x mol A l va 0,1 mol Zn tac dung voi 500ml dung
Cam n a i K j on luyen l l n dai hoc 18 chiiyfin de Hoa hQC - Nguyin VSn
H5i
Cty TNHI-I MFV OWH Khang Vi$t
A. Nen va lam lanh hon hgp khi X de hoa long NHs.
B. Thoi tu tu hon hop khf X vao dung dich H2SO4 dac.
C. T h o i tir tir h o n h o p k h i X vao bot C u O n u n g nong.
;j
-1 ( >
,>
,,
,,; ,
D . T h o i tix tit h o n h o p k h i X vao nuoc v o i t r o n g d u .
, • D . Cac p e p t i t k h o n g ben t r o n g m o i t r u o n g axit hoac bazo.
n o n g X (co N i xiic tac), t h u dugc h o n h g p Y. Sue Y v a o n u o c b r o m ( d u ) ,
thay C O 14,4 g a m b r o m phan u n g . N e u do't chay het Y r o i h a p t h u toan b g
A . 874,3 k g .
san p h a m chay vao d u n g djch Ca(OH)2 (du), t h i thay k h q i l u g n g d u n g djch
B. 784,3 k g .
C 774,3 k g .
D . 698,0 k g .
g i a m 15,3 g a m so v o i b a n d a u . H i ^ u suat ciia p h a n u n g cgng h i d r o ciia
Day X: H2NCH2CC)OH, CH3NH2, C6H5NH2 (anilin), CH3COOCH3.
p r o p e n la
D a y Y: D u n g d i c h H C l , d u n g d i c h K O H , nuoc Br2, CH3OH (xiic tac).
A . 50,00%.
Cho Ian i u o t cac chat thupc day X tac d u n g v o i cac chat 6 day Y . So phuong
t r i n h phan ling xay ra la
A . 7.
,
B. 9.
jiujui
C.8.
D.6. ,
Cau 25. Che 0,26 gam axetilen tac d u n g v o i H C l ( d u ) xuc tac thich h g p , thu
'
^ !j ftm>q n'.it
n h i e u k g chat beo chua 89% k h o i l u o n g tristearin (con 1 1 % tap chat tro)?
Cau 24. H a i day cac chat sau:
'
hgp chatmau tim.
2iu 29. H o n h g p X g o m propen va H2 co t i k h o i so v o i H2 bang 13,0. N u n g
Cau 23. D e san xuat 1 tan xa p h o n g chua 72% k h o i l u g n g n a t r i stearat, can bao
,
C. Tat ca cac p e p t i t deu tac d u n g v o i Cu(OH)2 t r o n g m o i t r u o n g k i e m cho
''SV;
irA
,>c','J'HJI « ' i v
B. 33,33%
r
?
?
f
)
!
C. 60,00%.
";;i„ „
D . 40,00%.
Cau 30. D o t chay hoan toan 2,6 g a m h o n h g p X g o m e t y l axetat, v i n y l axetat va
m e t y l acrylat, t h u d u g c 2,688 l i t CO2 (dktc) va m o t l u g n g nuoc. N e u t h u y
phan hoan toan 2,6 g a m X t h i can bao nhieu m l d u n g djch K O H 0,15M?
A . 200.
B. 150.
C. 100.
D . 300.
d u g c d a n xuat halogen X. T h u y phan hoan toan X t r o n g m o i t r u o n g K O H ,
Cau 3 1 . C h o 3,2 g a m hSn h g p b g t C u , A g vao 20ml d u n g d j c h X chua H2SO4
dun n o n g , sau p h a n u n g t h u d u g c chat hihi co Y va d u n g djch Z . A x i t hoa
0,3M va H N O 3 I M , t h u d u g c V l i t k h i N O (san p h a m k h u d u y n h a t ) . T r g n
d u n g d j c h Z bang axit HNO3 va cho tac d u n g v o i d u n g djch A g N 0 3 (du),
V l i t N O t h u d u g c 6 tren v o i 0,1 m o l oxi, t h u d u g c h o n h g p k h i Z , hap t h u Z
t h u d u g c 2,87 g a m ke't tiia trang. K h o i l u g n g chat h i r u co Y t h u d u g c la
A . 0,46 gam.
B. 0,44 gam.
C. 0,88 gam.
D . 0,92 gam.
Cau 26. D u n g d i c h X chua 0,015 m o l Fe-^ x m o l Al''*, 0,025 m o l SO42- va y mol
C h C h o 710ml d u n g d j c h Ba(OH)2 0 , l M vao d u n g djch X, sau phan u n g thu
d u g c 9,224 g a m ket tua. Gia trj cua x va y Ian l u g t la
A . 0,030 va 0,045.
B. 0,050 va 0,045.
C. 0,030 v a 0,085.
D . 0,050 va 0,085.
H2SO4, Na2S04. D a n h so ngau nhien (1), (2), (3), (4). K e t qua t h ; n g h i e m : (1)
tac d u n g v o i (2) co ket tua; (2) tac d u n g v o i (3) co ket tiia; (2) tac d u n g v6i
(4) C O ket tua; (1) tac d u n g v o i (3) co siii bgt. D u n g d i c h BaCh v a Na2S04
theo t h u tu" d u n g t r o n g I g d u g c danh so la
B. (2), (3).
C. (2), (1).
D . (4). (2).
Cau 28. Phat bieu nao sau day sai?
A . Protein d o n gian k h i t h u y phan chi t h u d u g c h o n h g p cac a - a m i n o axit.
B. M o t so protein tan t r o n g n u o c tao thanh d u n g djch keo va h\g t u kh'
d u n nong.
• t : ,
382
A . 1.
B.4.
C. 3.
D.2.
Cau 32. Xa p h o n g hoa hoan toan 0,1 m o l este X d o n chuc mach h o bang 80ml
d u n g d i c h h i d r o x i t cua k i m loai k i e m (co nong d g 11,2% va d = 1,25 g/ml),
C O can d u n g d i c h sau phan u n g , n g u n g t u , t h u d u g c 93,4 g a m chat long va
15,4 g a m chat ran khan. Cong thuc ciia X la
Cau 27. C o 4 Ig hoa chat chua 4 d u n g djch rieng biet m a t nhan: BaCh, Na2C03,
A . (2), (4).
vao nuoc, t h u d u g c 800ml d u n g djch axit co p H bang y . Gia t r j cua y la
;,,,..> ,<
A . C2H.COOCH3.
B. CH3COOC2H5.
C. CH3COOC3H7.
D . C2H5COOC2H5.
oaftttio,
au 33. H o a tan hoan toan 2,68 g a m h o n h g p X g o m C u v a A g vao axit HNO3
loang, t h u d u g c d u n g d i c h Y va 448ml k h i N O (san p h a m k h u d u y nhat, 6
dktc). C h o 1,6 g a m b g t C u vao d u n g djch Y, sau k h i p h a n u n g xay ra hoan
toan t h i t h u d u g c 224ml k h i N O (san p h a m k h u d u y nhat, 6 dktc), m g a m
chat r a n va d u n g d i c h Z . Gia t r i ciia m la
A . 1,94.
B. 2,16.
C. 1,40.
D . 2,36.
- =
au 34. H o a tan hoan toan 2,42 g a m hai m u o i cacbonat cua k i m loai k i e m va
k i m loai k i e m t h o vao d u n g d i c h H C l d u , t h u d u g c d u n g djch X va 0,448 l i t
k h i (o dktc). Co c^n X d u g c m g a m m u o i khan. Gia t r i ciia m la
A . 2,20.
B.2,64.
C. 2,30.
s..,.
D . 2,34.
383
Cam iiaiHi o'l luyfiii Itii (iai lioc; 18 cliiiyeii ciS iliia lioc
Mguy§n VSn HJi
Cty TNHH M T V DVVH Khang V i j t
Cau 35. C h o rnxac clo (loang, v u a d u ) vac d u n g dich X chiia K F , K C l , K B r . Saq
I
;au 42. C h o cac chat: toluen, stiren, benzen, p r o p a n , axit metacrylic, etilen,
k h i phan u n g xay ra hoan toan thu duoc durr,; djch Y chiia h o n h o p cac
axeton, p r o p a n a l , b u t a d i e n . So chat l a m m a t m a u d u n g d i c h K M n 0 4 (6 dieu
muo'i, CO kho'i l i r o n g bang 88,875% k h o i l u g n g m u o i chua t r o n g X. Thanh
k i f n t h i c h h g p ) la
phan p h a n t r a m k h o i l u g n g K B r c6 t r o n g X la
A . 25,750%.
B. 29,750%.
A . 7.
€.11,125%.
D . 11,588%.
A . N u a c brom, H2 (Ni,t").
,
C. H 2 ( N i , t°), A g N 0 3 / N H 3 .
.^plgjjy::{i
f
•
><*
'I
(2) X, Z la 2 d o n g v i cua c i i n g m o t n g u y e n to'hoa hoc.
(3) X va Z CO Cling so kho'i.
X p h a n u n g v o i m o t l u g n g d u d u n g d i c h K O H loang n o n g , t h i t h u d u g c
„,^if. D . C H 3 O H / H C I , AgN03/NH3.
(1) X, Y thuoc c u n g m g t n g u y e n to hoa hpc.
\M^tji,
(4) X va Y CO c u n g so n a t r o n .
-o'.,- .(*
« n-
B.2.
d u n g v o l d u n g d i c h A g N O s 2 M t r o n g NH3, d u n n o n g t h i d u n g vira het
r I* 8
B. H C = C - C H 2 - C H O .
D. HC=C-CH2-C=CH.
C3H7O2N. Chat X tac d u n g d u g c v o i axit H C l va v o i d u n g d i c h k i e m . Co
A . 3.
B.4.
,
,
.
, ; ,
,
C.5.
"
. - - - i . .
vacxin; (6) p r o t e i n ; (7) heroin. So chat co kha nang gay ki'ch thich, l a m te liet
Cau 4 1 . Phat bieU nao sau d a y dung?
B. 3.
C.2.
"
,
'D.4?S |
I
(1) Sue k h i CI2 vao d u n g d j c h K O H .
(2) Sue SO2 vao d u n g d j c h b r o m .
(3) C h o SO2 tac d u n g v o i Ca(OH)2.
(4) Sue k h i H2S vao d u n g d j c h SO2.
(5) Sue H2S vao d u n g d i c h FeCb.
(6) C h o C u O tac d u n g HNO3.
Cac p h a n u n g o x i hoa k h u la
A . (2), (3), (4), (6).
B. (1), (2), (4), (5).
C. (1), (2). (3), (5).
D . (1),(2), (4), (6).
(dktc) va d u n g d j c h X chua 1,62 g a m chat tan. Gia t r i ciia m la:
A . 1,26.
B. 1,28.
Cau 47. Phat b i e u nao sau d a y diing?
C. 1,62.
si «»i
D . 0,94.
^
B. Phenol tac d u n g d u g c v o i d u n g d j c h K O H va d u n g d i c h K H C O 3 .
C. Cac chat co cong thuc p h a n t u CsHsO phan u n g v o i C u O n u n g n o n g , deu
t h u d u g c an debit.
day than k i n h va co kha nang gay nghien la
B.5.
A . 5.
_
A . M g i h g p chat co chua v o n g t h a m va n h o m O H deu d u g c ggi la phenol.
D.2.
Cau 40. C h o cac chat sau: (1) m o c p h i n ; (2) cafein; (3) n i c o t i n ; (4) cocain; (5)
A . 3.
'
Cau 46. C h o m g a m h o n h g p L i , N a , K vao n u o c ( d u ) , t h u d u g c 0,448 l i t k h i H2
Cau 39. Chat X mach h o , d i e u k i e n t h u o n g 6 the r a n , co cong thuc phan tii
,
kien). So chat thoa m a n v o i t i n h chat ciia X la
D.4.
t h u d u g c 17,6 g a m C O 2 va 3,6 g a m H 2 O . M a t khac, n e u lay 0,2 m o l X tac
bao nhieu chat p h i i h g p v o i X?
D . 7,85.
'
Cau 45. C h o cac p h a n u n g xay ra a d i e u k i e n t h u o n g :
Cau 38. Chat h i r u co X mach ho, chiia C, H , O. D o t chay hoan toan 6,8 gam X
C. C H 3 - C = C - C H O .
C9,75.
m?•..[..:
p h a n u n g t h u d u g c the tich k h i CO2 bang 3/4 the tich h o i n u o c (a c i i n g dieu
Off s
C. 1.
300ml. C o n g t h i i c cau tao cua X la
B. 18,84.
'^'i
Cau 44. Do't chay h o a n toan m o t ancol X mach h o (chi chiia chuc - O H ) , sau
urft ,,|Blt'«-»
jr^t^n
SrsVBXmf
A. HC=C-CHO.
A . 11,90.
'
T r o n g cac p h a t bieu tren, so phat bieu d u n g la
A . 3.
4,48 l i t k h i H2(dktc). Gia t r j c i i a m la
^
:fVii^^^M^:'
' I fMOiff^^i
D . 6.
( d u ) , t h u d u g c 18,3 g a m h o n h g p AI2O3 v a Z n O . M a t khac, n e u cho 0,15 m o l
B. N u o c b r o m , AgN03/NH3.
Cau 37. C h o cac phat bieu s a u ve cac nguyen t u ]l X, H Y, fj Z?
C. 5.
^ a u 43. H 6 n h g p b g t X g o m A l , Z n . D o t chay hoan toan m g a m X t r o n g oxi
Cau 36. Glucozo c6 t i n h k h u k h i tac d u n g v o i tat ca cac chat t r o n g d a y nao?
,
B. 4.
C.6.
D.4.
v f <,(f,j
A. Cac h g p chat i o n d a n d i e n tot 0 m g i trang thai v a t l i .
D . Pheno! l o n g tac d y n g v o i a n h i d r i t axetic t h i t h u d u g c p h e n y l axetat.
.{r,(i|; / /
i^l^
'
B. Cac chat co l i e n ket cgng hoa t r i , k h o n g tan t r o n g nuac, tan nhieu trong
i! bt' d u n g m o i h i j u co.
Cau 48. D o t chay hoan toan 20,6 g a m 1 aminoaxit X mach ha, co n g u o n goc
t r o n g thien n h i e n va chua m o t nguyen t u n i t o t r o n g p h a n t u can d i m g 23,52
l i t k h i o x i . Sau p h a n u n g t h u d u g c 16,2 g a m n u o c va 20,16 l i t h o n h g p g o m
IN2 va CO2 (biet cac the tich deu d o 6 dktc). Ten ggi ciia X la
••fifir;) ;:
C. Cac h g p chat ion t h u o n g co nhiet do nong chay, nhiet d o soi thap.
A . axit 4-aminobutanoic.
B. axit 2-aminopropanoic.
D . O trang thai n o n g chay, cac h g p chat ion co k h a nang d a n dien.
C. axit 2-aminobutanoic.
D . axit
2-amino-3-metylbutanoic.
385
Cjiii
(lai lipc 18 chiiyen de Wod tua:
[i:in(] 0 1 !
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t
fjquyln VSn Hii
C a u 49. Tron 0,30 mol H2 voi 0,3 mol brom dun nong voi xiic tac, sau mpt thoj
,
gian thu dvtgc hon hop san pham Y , hoa tan Y vao 287,85 gam nude thu
dugc dung dich Z , lay 100 gam dung dich Z tac dung voi dung dich A g N O ,
. (du), sau phan ling thu dugc 9,4 gam ket tiia. Hieu suat ciia phan ung to'ng
' hgpHBrla
.
A.60%. /
B.30%.
C.50%.
<. ;
D . 40%.
C a u 50. C h o 5,2 gam bot Z n vao dung dich chua 0,06 mol F e C h v a 0,02 mo]
C u C h . Sau khi phan ling ket thiic thu dugc chat ran X v a dung dich Y . Co
;
can dung d}ch Y thu dugc bao nhieu gam chat ran khan?
^,
A . 10,88 gam.
B. 12,36 gam.
C . 14,69 gam.
(3) CH3COOCH=CH2 + N a O H — - — > CH3COOH + CH3CHO
(4) 2CH2=CH2 + 02 — ^ 2CH3CH0
(5) CH3CHCI2 + 2NaOH
D. 11,96 gam.
. ' , '
'
Theo phan ung: 2O3 ^
f,j„
> 3O2. Sau 40 giay, so mol O3 bi phan huy la 0,04
mol. Vay nong do oxi giam sau 40 giay la 0,04 mol/1. Vay toe dg phan ung
Cau 5. C h g n B .
•
> K C l + CO2 + H2O
(2) Cl2 + H2O ^
'"Vi-ni
•'"ir;"'!.'
rr.p
> HCl + HCIO
IB
2C
3B
4C
5B
6A
7D
8D
9B
lOB
lie
H C l + KHCO3
12A
13D
14A
15D
16D
17C
18B
19C
20c
22A
23B
24C
25B
26C
27A
28C
29C
(3) O3 + 2KI + H2O
21B
30A
31D
32B
33C
34B
35B
36B
37C
38B
39B
40B
41D
42D
43A
44A
45B
46D
47D
48C
49C
50C
>
.p'M^iJ''
m K i g '(Bfi-X' -
'
GQI Y GIAI DE so 1
> K C l + CO2 + H2O
> O2 + 2KOH + I2
(4) K H C 0 3 + KHSO4
> K2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
Hiiiih
j i#>
Cau 6. Chgn A .
; 1' u ,
Gpi so mol trong Y : A1(N03)3 = a; Fe(N03)3 = b.
Bao toan nguyen to N ta c6: 3(a+b) + 0,055 = 0,34.
Cho Y + N a O H du, thu dugc ket tiia Fe(OH)3, A l ( O H ) 3 luong tinh, tan trong
N a O H d u . Vay 3,6 gam cha't ran la Fe203, suy ra b = 0,045; a = 0,05.
- aiv-iS|,4:,iLlKf:M
Z la CH2=CH2 nen T la CH2Br-CH2Br. Theo so do, X la CH3-CH3, Y la dong
..;;,..>,,) *•
Loai A vi khi cho Z + Br2 (dung dich) se tao ra T la dan xuat dibrom.
Loai C vi khi X (CH3-CH3) dugc the 2 H bang 2Br thi se u u tien the tai ciing
mgt vi tri cacbon.
Loai D vi Y va T la dong phan, nen cung so lugng nguyen tu brom.
C a u 2. Chgn C .
Khi X + H N O 3 : so mol electron do A l nhuong (-0,05x3) + so'mol electron do
FexOy nhuang = 0,165.
- > Khoi lugng dung dich H2S04 = 0,1.98.100/10 = 98gam.
i.r •
;•
Vay so mol electron do FexOy nhuong = 0,015 = so mol FexOy. Bao toan Fe ta
c6: 0,015xx = 0,045
x = 3->Fe304 yujtu 'M tmt:m
- H toraV& VIJ '
m = 27.0,05 + 232.0,015 = 4,83 gam.
, i u 7. Chgn D.
,
;
fn m k'ft:
; So mol H2O = 0,65 mol > so mol CO2 = 0,40 mol nen 3 ancol deu no. Tong so
mol ancol = 0,65 - 0,40 = 0,25 mol.
So mol H2 = 0,1 ^ So mol H2SO4 = 0,1
f
CH3CHO + 2NaCl + H2O
trung binh tinh theo ozon la 0,04/40 = 1,0.10-^ mol/(l.s).
fit".
DAP AN DE SO 1
phan cvia T nen Y la CHBr2-CH3.
'^''•%::ff;:^^
Cau 4. Chgn C .
(1) H C l + KHCO3
C a u l . ChgnB.
'
1
J f;.
i),.:i,
C.H2„.iOH + ^ 0 2 - J ^ nC02 + („^i)H20^^''"'"^-^^'"^^
'
Khoi lugng dung dich sau phan ung = 98 + 2,3 - 0,1.2 = 100,1 gam.
C a u 3. C h g n B
- ^'un-m65
(1) CH3CH2OH + C u O
(2) H C ^ C H + H2O
386
i"::?-' •
CH3CHO + C u + H2O
80"C
•> C H 3 C H O
n
= 7 ^ —> n = 1/6. Khoi lugng phan tu trung binh ciia ancol = 40,4
0,40
/.ot
- > Tong khoi lugng ancol = 10,1 gam.
r'",li'it:
Trong phan ung ete hoa:
m.mcoi = mete+ mniroc
—> 10,1 = mete + 0,25.18 - >
mete
= 5,60 gam.
;
Cam naiiy on iuyen tin dai hyc 18 chuyen di H6a hgc - NIguySii V i n liai
C dung v i kim loai kiem nhe, kiem thuong dung de che tao hop kim dimg
Cau8. ChQnD.
Cac hop chat deu c6 4 nguyen tu C —> So'mol CO2 = 0,40 mol.
trong Id thuat hang khong.
D khong dung vi muoi an thuong dupe san xua't t u nuoc bien hoac khai
Bao toan nguyen to'O:
-
thae t u cac mo muoi.
Trong cac phuong an A, C, D (cac chat c6 chua 1 oxi): 0,1.1 + 0,5.2 = 0,4.2 +
so mol H2O - > so mol H2O = 0,3 mol - > X chua 6H - > Dap an D.
I'l
Cong thuc phan t u ciia X dang C3nHsn02n hay C2nH4n(COOH)n.
Trong cac phuong an B (chat c6 chua 2 oxi) : 0,1.2 + 0, 5.2 = 0.4.2 + so'mol
H2O - > so mol H2O = 0,4 mol - > X chua 8H: loai
^
Tac6:4n<2.2n + 2 - n
„ ,
(1) Diing vi cac kim loai kiem deu c6 cung cau true tinh the. Nhiet dp nong
(2) Sai vi cac cac kim loai kiem tho khong c6 cimg cau triic tinh the. Nhiet
dp nong chay khong bien doi mot chieu.
-> C4H8(COOH)2: thich hpp.
> C4H8(CC)ONa)2 + 2CO2 + 2H2O
C4H8(COOH)2 + 2NaHC03
;
^
> n<2.
-> C2H4-COOH (loai); n = 2
n =l
Cau 9. Chon B.
chay giam dan theo chieu tang ban kinh nguyen tu.
u •
Cau 14. Chpn A.
Vay, the tichC02 = 0,02.22,2 = 0,448 lit = 448ml.
,
Cau 15. Chpn D.
Truoc het ta tim z: Ba2* + SO^"
)• BaS04. So mol BaS04 = 3z.0,4 =
(3) Sai v i cac kim loai kiem tho ngoai c6 lop electron ngoai ciing la ns^, can
0,144
CO lop v6 electrron ben trong la ciia khi hiem.
(4) Dung vi cac kim loai kiem tho khong c6 cung mot cau true niang tinh the
So mol Al(OH)3 = 0,108; so mol NaOH da dung = 0,612 > 3.0,108 nen xay ra 2
phuong trinh:
dang lap phuong tam khoi.
Cau 10. Chon B.
z = 0,12.
•
/-J- •* .j.;..•..'->.•..„-•;.,..A..:.
Cac polime c6 thanh phan phan tram cac nguyen to' bang nhau khi cac
3' monome c6 cung cong thuc don gian nha't. O dap an B, cac polime deu c6
thanh phan don gian nha't la CH2.
Cau 11. Chon C.
Truoc het, can nhan thay rang ca 3 axit tren deu c6 18 nguyen t i i C trong
?• ? phan tir. Vay, tong so mol axit = (1/18) so mol CO2 = 0,9/18 = 0,05 mol. Cac
axit tren deu don chuc nen so mol 0 = 2 so mol axit = 0,10 mol.
Vay so mol H = (14,12 - 0,9.12 - 0,10.16) = 1,72 mol. Suy ra so mol H2O = 0,86
mol va m = 0,86.18 = 15,48 gam.
Cau 12. Chpn A.
+ 30H-
> Al(OH)3 va Al(OH)3 + OH"
Vay: so'mol OH- = (0,4y + 0,8z)x 3 + (0,4y + 0,8z - 0,108) x 1 = 0,612
- > y = 0,021.
U',piS^ '
-aul6.ChpnD.
So mol trong X: Na* = 0,16; HCO ^ = 0,12; CO ] ' = 0,02.
Hco: +
OH-
-> col' +
va Ba2*+
CO;'
— > BaC03
0,02 + 0,5y = 0,04
B dung vi hop kim Na - K c6 nhiet dp nong chay thap nen dung lam chat
trao doi nhif t trong 16 phan ung hat nhan.
H2O
So mol BaCOs = 0,04 mol
So mol CO 3 ' =0,04
lam te bao quang di^n.
|+
Trpn Y vao X xay ra 2 phan ung:
Loai B vi khi 2-cIobutan tach HCl tao thanh 2 anken khac nhau.
A diing vi Cs c6 electron hoa tri lien ket yeu voi hat nhan neii dupe dung
.
So mol trong Y: Ba^* = 0,08 + 0,25y; CI" = 0,16; OH" = 0,5y. _
Ta loai ngay C va D vi khong cung khung mach cacbon.
Cau 13. Chpn D.
> A l O j + 2H2O ,
y = 0,04.
•o:dM
w -1.:.-.. c:Oi.-'
Cau 17. Chpn C.
Hon hpp gom 2 k i m loai
A l het (neu A l d u se thu dupe 3 kim loai). V$y
hai kim loai la Zn d u va Fe. Mat khac, vi Zn d u nen FeCls bj k h u he't thanh
Fe. Vay so mol Fe = 0,16 mol.
Suy ra so'mol Zn d u = (11,56 - 0,16.56)/65 = 0,04 mol.
-•
^V.'"
. •
389
ca'rn nang On luyjn thi dgi hpc 18 chuygn 66 Ho.i iioi,
Cty Tl\i,
NguyfnVan Hii
Bao toan electron: so' mol electron A l va Z n nhuang = so' mol F e C h nhan
3x + 0,06.2 = 0,16.3 - > x = 0,12.
CaumChonB.
"
,
,
=0,24mol/l.
'
/«'M^'Ov^^i
• --^
•
Cau 22. C h g n A .
--uc'v-;
N2 van a trang thai khi
ngay rang (1) v a (6) dung —> loai C .
> tach dugc NH3.
Vi saccarozo khong k h u dugc AgN03/NH3 va Cu(OH)2 khi d u n nong nen
Loai B v i N H 3 se tac dung voi H2SO4 dac.
(3) khong dung —> loai A, D .
Loai C vi H2 v a N H 3 se tac dung voi C u O .
(3) Khong dung vi saccarozo khong khir dugc AgN03/NH3 khi dun nong.
(4) Khong diing v i glucozo la monosaccarit nen khong c6 phan u n g thuy
phan.
> CO2 nen Y chiia muoi cacbonat
' ,
f
nuoc).
I
Day la mot cau hoi If thuye't tong hgp, c6 lien quan den kien thuc lop 10 (1,
4. 5); lop 11 (2, 7, 8) va lop 12 (3, 6). Trong do can l u u y den cac phuong
5. SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O
6. Ag2S + 0 2
7. 2KNO3
N2 H- 2H2O
> 5KC1 + KCIO3 + 3H2O
0,06
<-
0,05
*
;,
,
'
n4n
Sod6phanung:'*^'«'«'«''
HC^CH
(mol):
0,01
^ ^"P*^-^-O?
> CH3-CHCl2(X)
. t o oCT
-> C H 3 - C H O (Y)
0,01
0,01
•i •'•'^m
ilur
)• A g C l + KNO3.
0,02
a taO . 1 .
0,02
Khoi lugng chat hiiu co Y = 44.0,01 = 0,44 gam.
Cau 26. Chgn C .
Theo dinh luat trung hoa dien: 0,015.3 + 3x = 0,025.2 + y ^
3x = y + 0,005.
C h i C O dap an C thoa man.
. .
3Cl2 + 6 K O H
^"^
I (mol):
'"'^
> H2SO4 + 2 H B r
Cau21.Chon A.
Mol: 0,03
'
'" > 2KNO2 + O2
'" )
Khoi lugng chat beo can diing = 0,7843.890.100/89 = 784,3 kg.
K C l (Z) + A g N O s
> 2Ag + SO2
8. NH4NO2
.
Cau 25. Chgn B.
1
1.4FeS2 + 1 1 0 2 . _ i ! _ > 2Fe203 + 8SO2
3S + 2H2O
Mtom
C H 3 C O O C H 3 tac dung duoc voi: H C l , K O H .
trinh then cho't la 3 va 6.
•" )
Vay so kmol chat beo = 0,7843 kmol.
C6H5NH2 (anilin) tac dung dugc voi: H C l , dung djch Br2.
C a u 20. C h g n C .
4.2H2S + SO2
. 3 nOfi:) „ « .;r,
"
CH3NH2 tac dung dugc voi: H C l .
Vay andehit con lai la C H 2 = C H - C H O .
'" ) H g + SO2
•'
H 2 N C H 2 C O O H tac dung dugc voi: H C l , K O H , C H 3 O H (xuc tac).
Khoi lugng phan tu andehit = (1,770 - 30.0,045)/0,0075 = 56.
3. H g S + O2
'
'
N;>iuih<,
-^^m
''^^^f^ixv*. ''^
C a u 24. Chgn C .
So mol andehit con lai = (0,195 - 0,180)/2 = 0,0075
'" > 2 C u O + 4 N 0 2 + O2
» '
So
kmol xa phong tao
= 1000.0,72/306
= 2,3529 kmol.
(Ci7H35COO)3C3H5
+ thanh
3NaOH
> 3Ci7H35COONa
+ C3H.
So mol A g tao thanh tu H C H O = 0,045.4 = 0,180 mol.
2. 2Cu(N03)2
'/
Loai D vi khi N H 3 se tan he't trong nuoc voi trong d u (NHa tan rat tot trong
X chiia H C H O .
So mol H C H O = so mol CO2 = 0,045 mol
>" '
^
Cau 23. Chgn B.
Caul9. ChgnC.
390
?,
K h i N H 3 phan cue nen khi nen va lam lanh se hoa long, trong khi do H2 va
Tap trung vao nhan dinh (1) v a (6) do xua't hien nhieu nhat. D e nhan thay
Do Y + H C l
TV DVVH Khang Vigt
-Cau 27. Chgn A .
'
'
'•S'"*''''"'
V i (1) tac dung voi (3) c6 sui bgt nen (1), (3) la Na2C03, H2SO4.
V i Ig (2) tac dung v a i cac Ig (1), (3), (4) con lai deu tao thanh ket tiia - > lo
(2) la B a C h . Vay Ig (4) la Na2S04.
'
^ *''
L'a'n: n, ng On luyen ihi dai ligi; 18 chuyfin de Hoa hpc
Cty TNHH M i V [)\/VH Khang Vigt
Nguyfit Van HSI
au 32. Chpn B.
Cau 28. Chon C .
A diing: protein duoc chia thanh 2 logi, 1-protein don gian la loai protein
Goi kim loai kiem la M . Kho'i lugng dung djch M O H bang 80.1,25 = 100 gam
ma khi thiiy phan chi cho Hon h^p cac a-amino axit, 2-protein phuc teip
—> Khoi lugng M O H bang 11,2 gam, khoi lugng dung moi = 88,8 gam.
loai protein duoc tao thanh tu protein don gian cong vai thanh phan "phj
Ta CO phan ung:
protein" n h u axit cacboxylic, chat beo,...
RCOOR' + M O H
B diing, v i du long trang trung tan trong nuoc, khi dun soi thi long trang
trung dong tu lai.
C sai vi chi cac peptit c6 3 mat xich tra len moi c6 phan ung mau bioure.
D diing vi lien ke't peptit de bi thiiy phan trong moi truong axit hoac bazo.
Cau 29. Chon C .
T u ti khoi suy ra ti I f mol CsHe:
H2 = 3 : 2.
0,1
a n-jsO
>RCOOM + R'OH
0,1
. .>i.rj :.tj':.«..i
ui/x uiiA
l''^\U'i'^id'%dUJ\o:J'^'•••.?
Trong 93,4 gam chat long c6 88,8 gam n u o c con lai la ancol d
_> Khoi lugng ancol = 4,6 gam
^
' •
ffifta
fi^ifD .Tf if;
Khoi lugng phan tu dia ancol R ' O H = 46 ^ R' la C2H5-.
( '
RCOOC2H5 = 88 ^ R la CH3-.
,j
Cau 33.
^
- > So mol C3H6 phan ung = so'mol H2 phan ung = 3a - 0,09.
Mol:
•
mc-a
Bao toan khoi lugng: khoi lugng este = 15,4 + 4,6 - 11,2 = 8,8 gam
J Q ^ ^ i ?,
Goi so'mol trong Y : CsHb = 3a; H2 = 2a.
So'mol brom phan ung = 0,09
^^...ex M\ ly.^
(.,,.^1,1;,
Khi dot chay Y thu dixqic C O 2 = 9a mol; H 2 O = 11a mol.
Kho'i luong binh nude voi giam = kho'i lup-ng C a C O s - (kho'i lugng C O 2 +
khoi lugng H 2 O ) —> a = 0,05 mol.
Goi so'mol C u = x; A g = y.
Ta c6: 64x + 108y = 2,68.
Bao toan electron ta c6: 2x + y = 3 so mol N O = 0,06.
Vay x = 0,025 mol; y = 0,01 mol.
Khi cho tie'p 0,025 mol C u , xay ra hai phuong trinh phan ung:
Hieu suat (tinh theo H2) = ^'^'^^'^'^
.100% = 60%.
3 C u + 8HNO3
> 3Cu(N03)2 + 2 N O + 4 H 2 O
Mol: 0,015
Zau 30. Chon A.
C u + 2AgN03-
Do cac este don chuc nen so' mol K O H = tong so mol cac este, do v^y truoc
-> Cu(N03)2 + 2Ag
he't can tinh duoc tong so'mol este.
,
Mol:
Nhan tha'y, phan tu cac este tren deu c6 4 nguyen tu cacbon
dot chay 1
Cha't ran gom: C u = 0,005 mol; A g = 0,01 mol
mol hon hop este se thu duoc 4 mol C O 2 - > tong so mol este ^ (1/4) so mol
C O 2 = 0,03 mol _> the tich dung dich K O H = 0,03/0,15 = 0,2 lit = 200ml.
:au31. ChgnD.
0,005
m = 0,005.64 + 0,01.108 = 1,40 gam
Cau 34. Chgn B.
M C O s + 2HC1
De biet y can biet so mol H N O 3 .
R2CO3 + 2HC1
Mat khac: so' mol H N O 3 = so' mol NO2 = so' mol N O .
0,01
0,01
> MCI2 + CO2 + H2O
2RC1
+ CO2 + H2O
Ta nhan thay: so mol C O 2 = so mol H 2 O = (1/2) so mol H C l = 0,02 mol.
.
So moi N O phy thugc vao so mol H * va N O 3 ban dau va dugc tinh tu ban
Bao toan khoi lugng: 2,42 + 0,04.36,5 = m + 0,02.44 + 0,02.18 .>f'y \m A
phan ung:
- > m = 2,64 gam. \,
NO;
(mol): 0,008
+ 3e + 4H^
0,024
0,032
> N O + 2H2O
0,008
Vay [H*] = [HNO3] = 0,008/0,8 = 0,01
**
192
•
p H = y = 2.
if) • jr? •
^'iiri'? <{^t\ h if;;; >;
Cau 35. C h o n B.
liC^H"::
Gia s u khoi lugng muoi trong X la 100 gam
' cfvr! i ' '
—> Khoi lugng muoi trong Y la 88,875 gam
* » «'
> giam 11,125 gam.
^
u . u . i . n i i 6D-v.;
393
Ill
naiiy
tin liiyrii
llii
ilai
1H>C
CI2 + 2KBr
gam:
cluiyfMi
(In
iloa hqc - IMguygn Van
H^i
Cty Ti\ 11 [ i M i V DVVH Khang Vigt
149
a
: giam 89 gam
Do la cac chat chua no'i doi C=C mach ho (stiren, axit metacrylic, etilen,
: giam 11,125 gam
butadien); bi oxi hoa khi dun soi vai thuoc ti'm (toluen) v a chua nhom chuc
, v. V''-^',
'
1.
andehit (propanal).
* ' "''I
a = 29,75 g a m ^ % K B r = 29,75%.
:au36.ChQnB.
4!)
|Cau 42. Chon D .
-» 2KC1 + Br2
238
gam:
^
18
:au43. C h o n A
•'^'"""^ '
' ^' ""
^
^
'
T a c 6 : a + b = 0,15.
cac chat oxi hoa.
I
:au 37. Chon C .
So mol H2 = 0,2 ^
tu la 13; con Y la 26.
1,5a + b = 0,2.
Vay: a = 0 , l ; b = 0,05.
(1) Khong diing vi X, Y khong ciing so hieu nguyen tii: X co so hieu nguyen
.
.
- > T i 1^ ve so mol A l : Z n = 2 : 1.
"
Trong m gam X: A l = 2x mol; Z n = x mol
(2) Khong dung vi X, Z khong ciing so hieu nguyen tu.
102X-81 x = 18,3
(3) Diing vi X, Z deu ciing so khoi la 26.
x = 0,l.
••:!olvj
ISu 44. C h o n A .
; f ,4,^
2 6 - 1 3 = 13; con Y la 2 6 - 1 2 = 14.
AI2O3 = X mol; Z n O = x mol
Vay m = 0,2.27 + 0,1.65 = 11,90 gam.
(4) Khong diing v i X, Y khong cung so hieu nguyen ttr: X c6 so natron la
:au38. C h o n B .
I
Dot chay ancol X thu dugc the tich CO2 < the tich hoi nuac
K h i cho X tac dung voi AgNOs/NHa, dun nong ta c6 ti le: so mol X : so mol
->. X la ancol no - > cong thuc CnH2n+2-m(OH)m.
AgNOs = 0,2 : 0,6 = 1 : 3 ^
Tu ti le the tich C O 2 : the tich hoi nuoc = 3/4 - > n = 3
X chiia 1 chuc andehit v a I H dinh vao cacbon
I -> C3H^m(OH)m.
mang noi ba —> loai C va D .
loai A .
.
,^
3,
,
m = 2 - > 2 chat: propan-l,2-diol va propan-l,3-diol.
Tuy nhien, do X ton tai 6 the ran 6 dieu kien thuong - > X khong the la este.
Amino axit:
1 m = 3 —> 1 chat: glixerol.
i u 45. C h o n B.
H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH; CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH; CH3-NH-CH2-COOH.
I De thay (3) la phan ung axit-bazo, khong phai phan u n g oxi hoa-khii'
Muoi amoni: C H 2 = C H - C O O N H 4 .
loai cac dap an A, C .
••JJ
:au 40. Chon B.
Cac chat: (1) mocphin; (2) cafein; (3) nicotin; (4) cocain v a (7) heroin.
lau 41. C h o n D .
•• o« rwril 'mdfi f
B sai v i nhieu hop chat cpng hoa tri tan tot trong nuoc n h u H C l , NH3,
-J':
Loai dap an D vi (6) khong phai la phan ung oxi hoa-khu: C u O + H N O T
CU(N03)2 + H2O.
*
A sai v i 6 trang thai ran thi cac hop chat ion each dien.
:
C sai v i hgp chat ion thuong c6 nhiet do nong chay, nhi^t do soi cac.
D diing v i 6 trang thai nong chay, cac hop chat ion phan li thanh cac ion trai
194
i
I m = 1 —> 2 chat: propan-l-ol va propan-2-ol.
V i X luong tinh _>. X la amino axit, muoi amoni hoac este.
da'u va c6 tinh dan dien.
,...,.,:,,,„,,...,;,,,„,..„
V i m < n nen ta c6:
:au39. C h o n B .
CH3OH,...
1
Trong 0,15 mol X: A l = a; Z n = b.
Glucozo the hien tinh khir khi nhom chuc andehit cua glucozo tac dung voj
Til-dii kien phan ung chay
, -1
•
I u 46. Cho.i D .
I Goi cong thuc cac kim loai kiem la M :
I
2M
Mol:
+ 2H2O
> 2M0H
0,04
+ H2
0,02
I Bao toan kho'i luong:
,
''
'
I m +0,04.18 = 1,62 + 0,02.2
->
m = 0,94
gam.
\.....A;y.'y.
395
dm
nang On luy^n thi djii hpc 18 chuypn de Hoa hpe - Nguyjn Van HSi
Cty
C a u 47. Chon D.
;-V
Twmi
M i v DV\/H Khang Vi^t
DE 50 2
A sai v i phenol la hop chat c6 nhom - O H dinh true tiep vac vong benzen.
B sai v i phenol khong tae dung duoc voi KHCOa (vi tinh axit cua phenol
liCau 1: Nho t u t u tdi d u dung dieh K O H vao dung dieh muo'i X thu dugc ket
yeu hon axit eaebonie)
tiia, sau do ket tiia tan dan. Day gom cac muo'i eo tinh chat gio'ng muo'i X la
C sai v i hop ehat CsHsO ean phai la ancol bac 1.
A. ZnCh, AlCb va Cr2(S04)3.
B. AlCb, CrCh va ZnCh.
D dung: CaHs-OH + (CH3CO)20
C. CuCh, Al2(S04)3 va CrCh.
' ' ' ' ' D. ZnCh, CrCb va FeCh.
CHaCOO-CeHs + CHsCOOH.
Cau 2: Cho cac chat tae dung voi nhau:
Cau 48. Chon C.
;)ti
Amino axit X eo nguon goe thien nhien _> X la a-amino axit
-> lo^i phuong an A.
1. Nho t u t u toi d u dung djch K O H va dung djch ZnCh.
2. Nho tix tu dung dieh K H C O 3 vao dung dieh FeCb.
* ?i
Dua vao khoi luong phan t u de tinh so mol chan - > phuong an C.
Cau 49. Chon C
"
Mol:'
ik
--'-'^^
AgN03 + HBr
> AgBr + HNOs "
0,05
' ^ ^ ' ^ '
''
^
5. Nho t u t u tdi d u dung djch NH3 vao dung dieh ZnCh.
6. Nho t u tir tdi d u dung dieh NH3 vao dung dieh FeCb.
0,05
NH3 tdi d u .
Zn + Cu^*
Mol: 0,02
0,02
Z n + Fe^*
Mol: 0,03
0,03
c
H
f-y,
B. (1), (3), (5), (7).
50.0 mo;.
C. (1), (3), (5), (6).
D. (1), (3), (6), (7).
B. 4.
AS,C«,
C. 3.
.
.<;K.,>,,
r
D. 6.
I lEf i
Cau 4: Tien hanh dien phan 100ml dung djch CuS04 (vdi d i f n eye tra) mot thdi
'
0,02
gian, thu dugc dung djch X, khoi luong dung djch giam 0,8 gam (d eatot
chua cd hot khi). Them 1,68 gam hot Fe vao X, den khi phan ung hoan toan,
> Zn2* + Fe
thu dugc 1,24 gam kim loai. Nong do mol cua dung dieh CuS04 ban dau la
0,03
'' ' t l i + i
»V, r.
-
A. (1), (2), (3), (7).
A. 5.
> Zn^^ + Cu
_> Khoi luong chat ran khan = 136.0,08 + 127.0,03 = 14,69 gam.
c
vdi dung dieh NaOH la:
'
0,06
Dung dieh Y chua: ZnCh = 0,08 mol va FeCh = 0,03 mol
,
\,((m yu:^ :<..;
.u.A
Cau 3: So' dong phan cau tao mach hd cd cong thue C4H8O2 va tac dung duoc
So mol Zn = 0,08 mol. Cac phuong trinh phan ung
0,06
vfii b :n.n .
Nhirng thi nghiem nao tao ra ket tua, sau do ket tua tan?
-'^r.
> Zn^* + 2Ve^^
.'^
7. Nho dung djch KCl vao dung djch AgNOs, sau do nho tiep dung dieh
H i ^ u suat tong hop HBr = ^ - 1 0 0 % = 50%.
Zn + 2Fe^*
i.
4. Nho t u t u toi d u dung djch NH3 vao dung dieh AlCb.
Vay trong 287,85 gam nuae eua Z eo chua: 3.0,05 = 0,15 mol HBr.
CauSCChpnC.
3. Nho t u t u toi d u dung dieh NH3 vao dung dieh CuS04.
K
_>. 100 gam Z CO chua: 4,05 gam HBr (0,05 mol) va 95,95 gam nvroc
Mol: 0,03
'
;
, ,-
A.0,15M
t
*
B. 0,25M
C. 0,05M
D. 0,20M.
!au 5: Di^n phan dung djch mudi MSO4 (vdi dien cue tro) vdi cudng dg dong
dien khdng ddi bang 1,5A. Sau thdi gian 1351 giay thi dirng d i f n phan, d
eatot chua cd bgt khi va khd'i lugng eatot tang 0,672 gam. Cong thiic muo'i la
A. CuS04.
B. ZnS04.
C. FeS04.
D. NiS04.
Cau 6: Cho day eae muo'i: KMn04, NaN03, Cu(N03)2, CaC03, KCIO3, AgNOa.
So muol trong day khi nhiet phan hoan toan thi tao ra so mol khi nho hon
I so'molmuoithamgiaphanungla:
A. 2.
396
B.3.
K^t'x..
C.4.
D.5.
397
Cam iiaiiq on luyen thi dai hoc 18 chuyeri do H6a
hpc - NguySri Vftn
Hai
Cau 7: H 6 n h o p X g o m K 2 O , K H C O 3 , BaCla va N H 4 C I , c6 so m o l bang 0,01 mol
H o a tan hoan toan X vao m o t l u o n g nu-oc (du), d u n n o n g . Sau p h a n ung
B. 3,850 g a m .
C. 3,725 g a m .
D . 4,225 gam.
C a u 8: Cho m gam h o n h o p X g o m N a v a A l vao nude t h u d u o c d u n g d i c h X
,
B. 5,60 lit.
C. 8,96 lit.
C a u 15: Tien h a n h cac t h i n g h i e m sau:
(1) . N h o iie t u d u n g d i c h H C l vao d u n g d i c h KHCO3.
(5) . C h o k i m loai bac tac d u n g v o i k h i ozon.
N h i i n g t h i n g h i e m xay ra p h a n u n g va tao thanh bot k h i la
B. cue am, i o n N a * b j k h u .
A . 2.
C.4.
g a m chat ran E. Gia t r j eua m la
-«C. 5,17.
m o t l u o n g d u N a O H , d u n n o n g t h u duoc 0,672 l i t k h i ( 0 dktc) va m gam ket
}i> t i i a . N u n g k e t tua ngoai k h o n g k h i den k h o i l u o n g k h o n g d o i t h u duoc 0,8
j i , g a m chat ran. M a t khae, ne'u cho X tac d u n g v o i d u n g d i c h BaCh d u , thu
, d u o c 4,66 g a m k e t tua. T o n g kho'i l u o n g chat tan t r o n g X la
C. 6,75 g a m .
D . 7,65 gam.
C a u 13: Cho so d o bien hoa:
X
4-NaOH
Y
+ CO2 + H2O , 2
k e m 6 p h a n c h i m d u o i nuoc.
(4) K h i cho Fe tac d u n g v o i l u o n g d u d u n g djch A g N O s t h u duge A g ket
tua va d u n g d i c h chi ehiia A g N O s va Fe(N03)2.
A. 1.
B.2.
C.3.
D.4.
C a u 17: Phat bieu nao sau day sai?
A . Glueozo va f r u c t o z o tac d u n g v o i H2 deu sinh ra sorbitol.
B. Glueozo v a f r u c t o z o deu c6 kha nang t h a m gia p h a n u n g trang bae.
C. Glueozo va f r u c t o z o la d o n g p h a n cua n h a u .
D . T i n h b o t va x e n l u l o z o la d o n g phan eua n h a u .
C a u 18: T r p i i 5,4 g a m bot A l v o i 17,4 g a m bot Fe304, tien h a n h phan u n g nhiet
n h o m t r o n g d i e u k i e n k h o n g eo k h o n g k h i . H o a tan san p h a m ran t h u d u g e
X
•Al.
sau p h a n u n g b a n g d u n g djch H2SO4 loang (du), t h u d u g e 5,376 l i t H2
Biet X, Y, Z la eac h o p chat ciia n h o m . X, Y, Z c6 the la
A . AICI3, NaA102, A l ( O H ) 3 .
B. AI2O3, NaA102, A l ( O H ) 3 .
(3) D e bao v§ t a u bien l a m bang thep n g u o i ta gan vao v 6 tau n h i r n g t a m
T r o n g cac phat bieu tren, so phat bieu d u n g la
D.5,98..'i
C a u 12: D u n g d i c h X chiia cac i o n : Fe^*, SO42-. NH4% C h . C h o X tac d u n g vol
B. 3,375 gam.
d u o i tac d u n g cua d o n g dien m o t chieu.
hoa va phat s i n h ra d o n g d i ^ n .
D.5.
d u n g djch T. Loc ket t u a Z, n u n g d e n k h o i l u o n g k h o n g d o i t h u duoc m
A . 3,73 g a m .
D. 5.^^^^
(2) Ban chat cua s u an m o n hoa hoe la phan u n g oxi hoa k h u , k i m loai b i o x i
g o m 0,05 m o l N a O H v a 0,02 m o l Ba(OH)2. T r o n Y v a o X t h u ket t u a Z v a
B.5,79.
C. 4.
(1) Ban chat eua s u d i e n p h a n la p h a n l i n g o x i hoa k h u xay ra 6 d i e n cue
C a u 1 1 : D u n g d i c h X g o m 0,02 m o l H C l va 0,01 m o l Al2(S04)3. D u n g dich Y
A . 5,58.
B. 3.
C a u 16: C h o cac phat bieu sau :
C. cue d u o n g , n g u y e n t u N a b i oxi hoa.
B.3.
,
^ ,^ ^
A . cue dirong, i o n Na+ bj oxi hoa.
A . 2.
(dktc). H i e u suat eua p h a n u n g nhiet n h o m la
i-r'hl
,^ ,
'
A . 60%.
B.70%.
C.80%.
D . 90%. •
Eau 19: Phat bieu nao sau day sai?
C. A1(N03)3, NaA102, A l ( O H ) 3 .
A . D u n g d i c h H F c6 the hoa tan Si02.
D . AI2O3, A l ( O H ) 3 , A l C h .
B. K h i cho t h e m n u o c vao o l e u m t h i n o n g d o cua axit sunfurie dan dat den
100%.
398
;
(4) . Sue k h i o z o n vao d u n g djch K I .
D . 7,84 l i t .
So chat t r o n g day k h i tac d u n g d u n g d i c h Ba(OH)2 d u tao ket t i i a la
'
D . M g , A l , Fe.
(3) . Sue k h i clo t o i d u vao d u n g d i c h KBr.
C a u 10: C h o d a y cac cha't: NH4CI, (NH4)2S04, Al2(S04)3, M g C h , ZnS04, AlCh,
f>
C. K, Ba, Ca.
bao nhieu l i t k h i CI2 (dktc)?
D . cue am, i o n C I " b i o x i hoa.
,
B. L i , Be, A l .
(2) . D u n g d j c h H 2 0 2 v a o d u n g d i c h K M n 0 4 (c6 mat axit H2SO4 loang).
C a u 9: K h i d i e n p h a n N a C l n o n g chay 6
.;
d i e u k i e n thuong?
4,48 l i t H 2 (dktc) va 2,7 g a m chat ran k h o n g tan. Ne'u o x i hoa m g a m X can
A . 6,72 lit.
'
Cau 14: D a y nao sau day g o m cac k i m loai c6 cau true lap p h u o n g t a m kho'i 6
A . L i , N a , K.
; l o c ket tua, c6 can d u n g dich t h u duoc k h o i l u o n g muo'i k h a n la
A . 2,235 g a m .
If'
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi§t
,
,
„
^ ••vr,'
„
,
:
:
'
'
a
^
'
3
9
9
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt
Ca'm nang an luygn thi dai hgc 18 chuy6n 6i H6a hgc - Nguygn van.Hai
C . Phan ung cua Ch voi nude, thi CI2, la chat oxi hoa v a nuoc la chat k h u .
D . K h i nho dung dich H2O2 vao dung dich K M n 0 4 (co mat H2SO4 loang) thi
CO
C a u 20: C o bao nhieu dong phan cau tao, mach ho, co cong thiic phan tit
va
CO
kha nang phan ung voi dung dich N a O H giai phong k h i X
(X lam qui tim doi thanh mau xanh)?
A. 5.
^'5'^
B.4.
'
C.3.
'
D.2.
"
B. K i m loai nhom la kim loai luong tinh.
Z^''
'
'^*'
'^^ '"^J
' '
*' ' '
(1) Andehit bi k h u boi AgNOs trong moi truong N H 3 tao thanh A g .
(2) Phan ung este hoa trong moi truong axit sunfuric dac la phan ung mot
chieu.
(3) Phan ung cua CI2 voi dung dich kiem thi CI2 vira la chat oxi hoa vira la
'
•j'y
(4) Phan ung thiiy phan este trong moi truong kiem la phan ling thuan
=
^
B.2.
,j
^
C . 3.
dung dich thu duoc thuc hien phan ung trang guong thi dugc 10,8 gam bac
kim loai. Biet hieu suat toan bo qua trinh la 50%. Gia trj ciia m la
-B. 10,25.
D . 7.
fJ''f-'--*''
nhom nao sau day?
I.M
A. Mg, AI2O3, A l .
'
- ''''^ ^
nt^mgn
trtj
(Hi.J:'\t
t,
B.Mg,K,Na.
^ K ^ p
D . Fe, AI2O3, Mg.
'
cao su buna; nilon-7. So'chat co the dugc che bMng phuong phap trung hgp
la
A . 2.
B.3.
C.4.
D.5.
au 30: Thanh phan chinh trong to nilon-6 la
MM
A. poli(hexametylen adipamit).
B. poliacrilonitrin.
C . policaproamit.
D. poli(etylenterephtalat).
J:.
au 31: C h o day gom cac chat: natri phenolat, anilin, alanin, kali axetat,
day tac dung dugc voi dung dich H C l la
D.4.
C a u 23: Tien hanh thuy phan m gam bpt gao chua 80% tinh bot, roi lay toan bp
A. 16,20.
C . 6.
etylamin, metylamoni clorua, triolein, phenylamoni clorua. So' chat trong
Trong cac phat bieu tren, so phat bieu diing la
AA.
B. 5.
Cau 29: Cho cac chat: to capron; to nilon-6,6; to nitron; to triaxetat xenlulozo,
C a u 22: Cho cac phat bieu sau:
nghich.
fructozo, glixerol, axit axetic, saccarozo, natri axetat, mantozo. C o bao nhieu
C . Z n , AI2O3, A l .
D. N h o m bi pha huy trong moi t r u o n g kiem.
chat khu.
D . 6.
Cau 28: C h i diing dung dich K O H de phan biet dugc cac chat rieng biet trong
C . Na3AlF6c6 trong thanh phan chinh ciia quang criolit.
'
C.5.
Cau 27: C h o cac chat sau day: propin, vinylaxetilen, andehit axetic, glucozo,
A. 4.
'
A . H o p chat AI2O3 la oxit luong tinh.
B. 4.
chat tac dung dugc voi dung dich AgNOa/NHs va tao ra ket tiia?
C a u 21: Phat bieu nao sau day sai?
'
So dung dich trong day co phan ung voi dung dich etylamin la
A. 3.
khi bay ra.
C4H9O2N
Cau 26: Cho day cac dung dich: H C l , FeCb, CH3OH, NaHS04, H N O 2 , Na2C03.
C . 6,48.
D . 20,25.
C a u 24: C h o cac chat: KBr, S, Si02, P, Na3P04, FeO, C u va Fe203. Trong cac
A. 6.
B.7.
C.4.
D.5.
au 32: H o a tan 6,21 gam mot kim loai M vao dung dich H N O 3 loang d u , thu
dugc 1,68
lit hon hgp khi X (dktc) gom 2 khi khong mau, khong bj hoa nau
trong khong khi va ty khoi ciia X so voi hidro bang 17,2. K i m loai M la:
A. C u .
B. Z n .
C . Fe.
D. A l .
C a u 33: Cho cac dung dich: axit axetic; glyxerol; etanol; alanylglyxylalanin;
chat tren, so chat co the bj oxi hoa boi dung djch axit H2SO4 dac, nong la
natri hidroxit; glucozo. Thuoc thu dung de phan biet cac dung dich tren la
A. 4.
A. Q u y t i m .
B.6.
C . 7.
D.5.
,
; B. CaCOs.
C. CuO.
^ D . CuS04.
C a u 25: H o p chat hiiu co don chuc X chua C , H , O. L a y 13,6 gam X phan ung
au 34: Trgn C u O va R O (R la kim loai hoa tri 2) theo ti 1? so moi la 1:2 thu
vua du voi dung dich K O H 11,667 % thu duoc dung dich Y. C o can dung
dugc hon hgp X. Thoi khi C O d u vao 4,8 gam X nung nong, thu dugc hon
dich Y dugc phan hoi chi co 86,6 gam nuoc va 23 gam chat ran Z . Cong thiJfC
hgp Y. H o a tan hoan toan Y can 50ml H N O 3 4 M , thu dugc khi N O (san
phan tu cua X la
,tt
A. C 4 H 4 O .
pham k h u duy nhat). K i m loai R la
B. C 8 H 8 O 2 .
C. C4H8O2.
D. C4H5O4.
A.Pb.
B.Zn.
C C a .
Kfi
D. Mg.
401
Ca'm nang an luygn thi dgi hpc 18 chuySn dg H6a hpc - Nguygn VSn HSi
Cty TNH!< MTV DWH Khang Vigt
C a u 35: Cho m gam C u vao 150ml dung dich A g N O s 0,2 M , sau mot thoi gigj^
C a u 44: H o n hgp X gom andehit oxalic, metyl fomat va etylen glicol. Do't chay
thu duQ-c 3,840 gam chat ran X va dung dich Y . Cho 6,210 gam Pb (du) vao
hoan toan 0,2 mol X can toi thieu 0,35 mol khi O2. Khoi lugng phan tu trung
Y, thu dugc 4,745 gam chat ran Z va dung dich T. G i a tri cua m la
binh cua cac cha't trong hon hgp X (tinh theo u) la | ^ j . | |
A . 2,24.
B.3,36.
C . 1,68.
D . 1,12.
A. 59.
C a u 36: C h o cac polime: (1) amilozo; (2) xenlulozo; (3) amilopectin; (4) to nilor,,
6; (5) cao su l u u hoa; (6) n h y a bakelit. Cac polime c6 m^ich khong phan
nhanh la:
'
A.(l),(2),(3).
C.(2),(4),(6).
dung dich K O H , thu dugc 219,95 gam muo'i. Khoi lugng K O H da phan ung
D . (2). (5), (6).
A. 43,4 gam.
glucozo + Cu(OH)2. N h u n g phan ling tao ra sorbitol la
C . (3) va (5).
B. 42,4 gam.
C . 34,4 gam.
D . 46,4 gam.
C a u 46: N h a n djnh nao sau day dung ?
O H - ; (3) dd fructozo + H2 (xt N i , t°); (4) dd saccarozo +H2O (xt H ^ ; (5) dd
B. ( l ) v a ( 3 ) .
D . 54.
la
C a u 37: C h o cac thi nghi^m sau: (1) dd glucozo + H2 (xt N i , t°); (2) fructozo +
A.(l)va(2).
C.62.
-it j i
C a u 45: C h i so axit cua mgt lipit X bang 7. Lay 200 gam X tac dung vira du voi
rB. (1), (2), (6).
B.56.
i
A. Trong mgt chu ki, nguyen tu c6 dien tich hgt nhan Ion thi ban kinh
,^
nguyen tu Ion.
D . (2) va (4).
tin
B. Cac nguyen to'thugc cimg nhom A thi c6 so electron lop ngoai cung bang
C a u 38: H o n hgp X gom axit acrylic, vinyl axetat, metyl acrylat va axit
nhau.
metacrylic. C h o 8,32 gam X tac dung vira dii voi 100 m l dung dich K O H
C. Hang so'can bang cua phan ung thuan nghjch phu thugc vac nong dg.
1,0M. Dot chay hoan toan 8,32 gam X sau phan ung thu d u ^ c m gam CO2 va
D. Thuy phan este trong moi truang kiem la phan ung thuan nghich.
5,04 gam H2O. G i a trj ciia m la
A . 14,96.
C a u 47: Dot chay he't hon hgp X gom metan, etan va hidro can V lit oxi (dktc).
B. 13,2.
C . 17,60
D . 16,72.
C a u 39: D u n g dich lam qui h'm hoa xanh la
A . alanin.
B. glyxin.
" »i'»v'
C . lysin.
H a p thu san pham chay vao binh dung nuoc voi trong du, thay c6 6 gam
'i'-
ket tua va khoi lugng dung dich trong binh giam 1,92 gam. Gia trj cua V la
D . valin.
A. 2,24.
'
"
'
B. 1,792.
C.
a896.
D . 1,344.
*
C a u 40: C h o day gom cac chat: phenol, anilin, glyxin, axit axetic, etylamin,
Cau 48: Xenlulozo trinitrat dugc dieu che'tu xenlulozo va axit H N O 3 d^c c6
metylamoni clorua, axit acrylic. So chat trong day tac dung dugc voi dung
xiic tac. De c6 5,94 kg xenlulozo trinitrat can dung dung djch chiia m kg axit
dich K O H la
H N O 3 (xenluloza lay d u va hi^u sua't cua phan ung la 75% ). G i a tri cua m
A. 6.
•
B. 3.
^
C . 4.
D . 5.
C a u 41: Dot chay hoan toan m gam hon hgp X gom cac axit beo: oleic, stearic
A. 5,67 kg.
v a linoleic bang oxi, thu dugc 12,42 gam H2O va 16,128 lit CO2 (dktc). Gia trj
C . 15,12 kg.
D . 5,04 kg.
'"
B. 14,6.
C . 12,40.
D . 11,3.
B.
K h i cho
glucozo
tac
dung
vai
anhidrit
axetic
thu
dugc
C . Metyl axetat c6 the lam mat mau dung dich brom.
ung la
D . K h i dot chay este no thi thu dugc so mol nuoc bang so mol CO2.
A. 1,68 lit.
B. 4,48 lit.
C . 1,12 lit.
D . 0,896 lit.
mol tuong ung la 1:2. T h u y phan hoan toan m gam X bang dung dich H C l
fructozo, metanol, dung dich alanylglixin va tripanmitin. So' chat tac dung
(vua dii). C o can dung dich sau phan ung thu dugc 16,45
i
B. 6.
y.^i
C . 4.
.ti
D.3.
.u.
' '
u 50: H o n hgp X gom tripeptit Ala-Gly-Gly va dipeptit Ala-Gly, c6 ti 1? so
C a u 43: C h o cac chat: protein, polipropen, etylen glicol, axit fpmic, dung djch
dugc voi Cu(OH)2 la
este
C6H70(OCOCH3)5.
thu dugc 3,02 gam hon hgp oxit. The tich khi oxi (dktc) da tham gia phan
A . 5.
''
A. Phenyl axetat dugc tao ra khi cho axit axetic tac dung voi phenol.
C a u 42: Do't chay hoan toan 1,74 gam hon hgp Mg, A l va Fe trong khi oxi (du)
402
^'"
au 49: N h a n djnh nao sau day dung khi noi ve este?
cua m la
A . 13,5.
B. 1,68 kg.
gam chat ran
khan. Gia trj cua m la
A. 11,13.
B.9,90.
C.9,45.
D . 8,49.
'
403
ca'm nang 6n l u y § n thi dai hgc 18 c h u y § n cl6 Hoa lioc - iMguygn van Hii
K h i c h o Fe v a o d u n g d i c h , x a y ra cac p h a n u n g
D A P A N D E SO 2
lA
2B
3D
4D
5A
6A
7A
8D
9C
IOC
n c
12C
13B
14A
15C
16B
17D
18C
19C
20B
21B
22A
23D
24D
25B
26B
27C
28A
29B
30C
31A
32D
33D
34D
35A
36B
37B
38D
39C
40D
41D
42D
43C
44A
45A
46B
47A
48D
49B
SOB
G O I Y G I A I DE SO 2
trong dung dich K O H d u .
Loai B, C v i ke't tiia Cr(OH)2 la baza, k h o n g tan t r o n g K O H d u .
b
b
F e + H2SO4
b
F e S 0 4 + H2
Mol:
0,01
0,01
,„ Q,|5j ,
> r.
Cau2:ChQnB.
;
'
Zn(OH)2 - > K2Zn02 (tan)
2. C u C h
Cu(OH)2
V a y b = 0,015.
.
5. FeCb + 3NH3 + 3H2O
Fe(OH)3
i
6. K C l + A g N 0 3 - > A g C l i
+ KNO3
A g C l + 2NH3
'
i + 3NmC\
,',efe4Q:6Moxoluln.x)
[Ag(NH3)2]Cl (tan)
MSO4 + H2O
N h $ n thay cac h o p chat can t i m la axit cacboxylic d a n chiic hoac la este don
chiic.
A x i t cacboxylic: CH3CH2CH2COOH; C H 3 C H ( C H 3 ) C O O H .
'
,
Este: CH3CH2COOCH3; CH3COOC2H5; H C O O C H 2 C H 2 C H 3 ;
Cau 4: C h p n D.
,
CuS04 + H2O
Mol:
a
- ^ E ^
.
Cu + - O 2 +
2
a
0,5a
a
K h o i l u a n g d u n g d i c h g i a m =64a + 32.0,5a = 80a = 0,8.
- > a = 0,01 m o l .
D u n g d i c h sau d i ^ n p h a n g o m : CuS04 d u = b m o l ; H2SO4 = 0,01 m o l .
^ 'O&M :^sf{r> j^noj.
v d3
iDr, :(?m»mb ^v^) to u ^^^^ ^.^
^^^^^^^^
,
,
'
2NaN03
'" > 2 N a N 0 2
+O2
'DnQtil>:i^.
i ^ p H ftojigfa? neriq
2Cu(N03)2 - i l - > 2 C u O + 4 N 0 2 + O2
C a O + CO2
^
^
'<^-^'^^^'^ *
K H O l . e , * : :<)5i(.K.
^
2KC1 + 3O2
2Ag +
, :
2NO2 + O2
,:(HC)f.5 +
,au 7: C h p n A.
K 2 0 + H2O
:
"-^6^00
'
V ' <~ , r ••.-'BH : ( m 6 : H o ) l o t . , '
n = 2 v a A = 64(Cu).
, .
. .
,
, »
'" > K 2 M n 0 4 + M n 0 2 +O2
:i,0)iBe
v.. ^
2KOH
K O H + KHCO3 ^
KOH
H2SO4
O + '4,14
Cac p h a n u n g hoa hoc:
HCOOCH(CH3)CH3.
1
^ £,(>-.•
'•) n o r t l ;
2KMn04
2KC103 —
•
iAl
*.•••
C u + i 0 2 + H2SO4
^•"''^•^^^^ = 0 672
^
2AgN03 —
r,rv>-K
-ieiU
,,
s D + r^/ff:
n^u^^
CaC03
Cau 3: C h o n D .
Phan l i n g d i ? n p h a n :
^,
x ojs?/ < • v^i' :
VJ&iAS:
Cau6:Ch9nA.
,
Cac p h a n u n g nhiet phan:
+ 3NH4C1
- > Zn(OH)2 - > [Zn(NH3)4](OH)2 (tan)
^,
J , .-,^5
= 1,68 - 56b - 56.0,01 + 64b = 1,24.
A = 32n ^
[Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 (tan)
3. A l C h + SNHa + 3H2O - > A1(0H)3 i
..IA ., -st
m(Fe d u ) + m ( C u )
m =—
'
1. Z n C h
LAS
^ 4r- £.0 - ,C ^- G:i 'O^P.
,i,o,n [,<)
K h o i l u o n g chat ran sau phan u n g :
HOcI-';'.:
Theo cong t h u c Faraday:
Loai D v i ket tua Fe(OH)2 la baza, k h o n g tan t r o n g K O H d u .
4. Z n C h
Mol:
Cau 5: Chon A .
Cac h i d r o x i t Zn(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Cr(OH)3 deu c6 t i n h l u o n g t i n h nen tan
•
- > FeS04 + C u
_> N o n g d o d u n g djch CuS04 ban dau = 0,025/0,1 = 0,25 mol/1.
Cau 1: C h o n A .
'
Fe + C u S 0 4
+
^
•
,^'
K2CO3 + H2O
+ NH4CI - > K C l + N H s t
BaCh + K2CO3 ^
e(Ha;
.
^^j,,,.
+ H2O
B a C 0 3 i + 2KC1
Sau p h a n u n g , Ipc ket tiia, c6 can d u n g djch thu d u g c m u o i K C l = 0,03 m o l .
Vay k h o i l u a n g K C l la 0,03.74,5 = 2,235 gam.
Vay k h o i l u g
.JfEori...-
Cau 8: C h o n D .
Cac phan u n g hoa ngc:
,.
CSm hang 6n luy^n thi tlai hgc 18 chuySn di H6a hpc - Nguy§n van Hk\
+2H2O ->
2Na
Mol:
2 N a O H 4 H2
a
a
2A1
• Mol: a
H*
2NaA102
a
C O
+ 3H2
'
s'-'';'
+ Ch
0,1
0,05
Mol:
,;, .eiO.Q-d
H
<
.
*"'..0
6 catot (cue am): Na* + l e ^
'''ii'f . V ' L P I
ijj .
Na^ + Ch
,
Na.
N h u vay 6 cue a m , xay ra qua t r i n h k h u i o n Na* —> dap an B.
Al2(S04)3
0,02
0,02
0,02
->
BaS04 i
^
3BaS04 i
,
+
Fe2* + 2 0 H - - >
NH3
NH4* + O H - Mol:
fGHfil'V
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2 H 2 O
2Fe(OH)3
2Al(OH)3^.
: Mol:
->
Fe203
0,01
ZnS04
+ Ba(OH)2
->
+ Mg(OH)2xt.
BaS041
0,02
+Zn(OH)2^^.
Sau d o Z n ( O H ) 2 tan t r o n g Ba(OH)2 d u :
Z n ( O H ) 2 + Ba(OH)2
^
2A1C13 + 3Ba(OH)2
^
0,005
'*
+ 2 A l ( O H ) 3 >l.
Sau d o A l ( O H ) 3 tan t r o n g Ba(OH)2 d u :
2 A l ( O H ) 3 . Ba(OH)2
Caull:ChpnC.
Ba(AI02)2 . 4 H 2 O
Cae i o n t i o n g X ( H * = 0,02; AP* = 0,02; SO42- = 0,03)
va Y ( O H - = 0,09; Na* =J),044 va Ba^* = 0,02).
X4
••
/
^f.ttwfi.
. . .(^IMJ-*!
,
.
l«ri^
*
-
l i S / I H A S +• 's
. Q I / I V A
.
^ j(rO"1;
0,02
>:
.
...
ll
V a y kho'i l u g n g muo'i khan:
*
0,01.56 + 0,03.18 + 0,02.96 + 0,01.35,5 = 3,375 gam.
';'anU*i 6'.'
Caul3:ChQnB.
'
,
^
n t - . f i - r D ' . S j n f i r f l ' . M
- > n ( C l - ) = 0,01.
^^^'^
^
BaS04
thjac
.ntJibjjrT. - .
A p d u n g d i n h luat t r u n g hoa d i e n : 2.0,01 + 1.0,03 = 2.0,02 + n (Cl-)(^.^
^^'^-^ 6>^^^'^^^'f^-^^'
BaZnOz + 4 H 2 O '
SBaCh
+ SO42- ^
4Fe(OH)3
+ 3H2O
Ba^*
Ba(A102)2 + 4 H 2 O
.8 nO'fl'.,? rdl' u-
+ H2O
I ft 15 Of* nurn m
Loc ket tua va n u n g :
^
"
0,03
0,03
2 A l ( O H ) 3 + Ba(OH)2
BaCh
^
0,01
Phan 2 + d u n g d i c h BaCh d u
+ Ba(OH)2
4
Fe(OH)2
Sau d o A l ( O H ) 3 tan t r o n g Ba(OH)2 d u :
MgCh
M
Phan 1 + d u n g djch N a O H d u
A
::v
+ NH3 + 2 H 2 O
j
Cau 12: C h o n C.
•i'Ofllvi:.1'™
BaCh + N H s + 2 H 2 O
+ 3Ba(OH)2
iJ.il
'in
^"^''^'i '
f".'
'-^^ 't';<
+ Ba(OH)2
BaS04
M o l : 0,01
Cae p h a n u n g hoa hoc:
(NH4)2S04
Ba2* + SO42-
V a y m = 5,17gam.
CI2 + 2e.
N h u vay a cue d u o n g , xay ra qua t r i n h o x i hoa i o n C h " '
2NH4CI + Ba(OH)2
0,01
- > E g o m AI2O3 = 0,005 m o l va BaS04 = 0,02 m o l . 4 < •
' ' '
6 anot (eye d u a n g ) : 2C1-
AIO2- + 2H2O.
Z g o m A l ( O H ) 3 = 0,01 m o l va BaS04 = 0,02 m o l .
Vay V(Cl2) = 0,035.22,4 = 7,84 l i t .
K h i n o n g chay: N a C l
0,02
+ OH-
0,01
Mol:
( H f \
^ J ^ - ^
0,06
>
Vay A l ( O H ) 3 d u = 0,01 m o l .
Anv((
2AlCh
< '•'
Al(OH)3
+ 30H-
Al(OH)3
Mol:
H2O
0,02
0,02
•
'•''^^.l"•
Cau9:ChonC.
Cau 10: Chon C.-
0,02
' fh\b ^^tuh b h ^TU)'/
0,3
+ O H - ->
AP*
'
2NaCl
2A1 + 3Cl2
M o l : 0,2
Mol:
.
so m o l b a n dau: N a = 0,1 m o l ; A l = 0,1 + 0,1 = 0,2 m o l .
2Na
^
'
' O x i hoa m g a m X bang k h i CI2:
Mol:
-
^ ^ 1,5a
S o m o l H 2 = 2a = 0,2 - > a =0,1 m o l .
T u d o ta
Cae p h a n u n g trao d o i i o n
0,5a
+ 2H2O - >
+2NaOH
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi^t
"^"'"^^^^^^
>o.M # V
V i t u X d i e u che ra A l nen X la AhOs.
M a t khac X + N a O H tao thanh Y, nen Y la N a A 1 0 2 .
AhOs + 2 N a O H - >
(X)
NaA102
(Y)
+ H2O
^,
407
^3rn
nang On luy$n thi dai hoc 18 chuySn de H6a hoc -
NaA102 + CO2 + 2H2O - >
2Al(OH)3
(Z)
— ^
Al(OH)3
H5i
Ciy
+ NaHCOs
8A1
+ 3H2O
AI2O3
, „,
Mguygn Van
'^iHC^lA
^ (X)
-h-KX
Caul5:ChQnC.
HCl
.lomXUfi-ub^HQn:
HCI + H C I O ; , . ,
,
,,
> 2KCI
•- •
+ 2HBr03
>
(4) O 3 + 2 K I + H 2 O
> O2 + 2 K O H + I2
>Ag20
DtiQtib:i
jfj^p ^,
_JJQ ^ . ^ H ^
i-o h
0,075-3x
4x
y T a u h:
9x
*
Or**'
'
A
K h i cho chat ran sau phan I'rng tac d u n g v o i H C l , cac chat deu tan nhvrng
chi C O A l va Fe giai p h o n g H2
+ 6HC1
u * . , ,,.
2 A I C I 3 + 3H2 ff^rfq •'•V?i'n(^|(;))iA .'j'^mii.r>,'
>
+ 2HC1
,,,, . . . . a
> FeCh + H2
rk:^-y:
nni'<>: ,
.rfrtrt
./ n o f i S t : ;. .
' ''•^'•^ i d Un'jhi^i. L' !iV:
h-.Hl':ff9')'uni'!•/'^><,
=80%.
:
../(,;;,} f i i , ! , ' . ! }
A d i i n g v i : SiOa
+ 4HF
B d i i n g v i : H2S04.nS03
Csaivi:
> SiF4 + 2 H 2 O
+ nH20
> (n+l)H2S04
Cl2 + H 2 0 < = ± H C l + H C l O
;M]
: , n . . . : ; r l n n l >,m,i.::
- f j
•'
5H2O2 + 2 K M n 0 4 + 3H2SO4
Cau 20: Chon B.
f), j | 1
^
> 5O2 +
' ^
K2SO4
+ 2MnS04 + 8H2O
no,
, ,r
Phat bieu (4) la sai d o d u n g djch t h u du^c chiia A g N O s va Fe(N03)3 theo 2
K h i X sinh ra t u m o i t r u o n g baza va lam q u i t i m chuyen m a u , nen k h i X c6
p h u o n g t r i n h sau:
t i n h b a / u . Vay X la amoniac hoac amin (4 a m i n 6 trang thai k h i o d i e u kien
¥e + 2 A g N 0 3
jt^ittfu'-i-^
2,
,, fO,t1
> Fe(N03)2 + 2 A g
.Fe(N03)2 + AgN03
. ^^^^-''^^ ^ '
ff),0
-
•
' S n
> Fe(N03)3 + A g
Caul7:Ch9nD.
«CW
C H 2 = C H - C H 2 - C O O N H 4 ; C H 3 - C H = C H - C O O N H 4 ; CH2=C(CH3)COONH4.
10,0
va C H 2 = C H C O O H 3 N C H 3 .
(2) la d u n g v i t r o n g m o i t r u o n g kiem, fructozo chuyen hoa t h a n h glucozo
va c u n g C O phan u n g trang g u o n g . .
(3) d u n g .
t h u o n g la: m e t y l a m i n , d i m e t y l a m i n , t r i m e t y l a m i n , e t y l a m i n ) . , , j ^ ,,. .
Vay cha't ban d a u c6 cac cau tao:
+
(1) la d u n g v i deu tgo thanh san p h a m la sorbitol. ''"^"^
CH2=CH-CH2-COONH4 + NaOH
CH3-CH=CH-COONH4
\.
ChHioOs n h u n g c6 so' l u g n g mat xich khac nhau, k h o i l u g n g phan W
khac n h a u .
. ^ , .
V...,
C a u 1 8 : C h g n C.
,.,.„„„
"
,
'fv'i.'^
''
,„
i -
HarMH
,
*• rf-
> CH2=CH-CH2-COONa
+NH3t
+ H2O
^
> CH3-CH=CH-C0ONa
+NaOH
+ NH3t
+ H2O
(4) sai v i t i n h bot va xenlulozo deu dugc tao thanh tir cac m a t xich la
408
9x
D dung vi:
r l - f f ^ ^ rO + ^(•Hf'")•^^;^
-l*
,V-';':'.M>;
thi clo v u a la chat oxi hoa, v u a la chat k h u . r • %
Phat bieu (2) la sai v i t r o n g sy an m o n hoa hpc t h i k h o n g c6 s u phat sinh ra
dongdien.
'
0,2
• ! )•
vn^^
t
C a u 19: C h o n C.
r
Caul6:ChonB.
n
4x
H i e u suat phan u n g = — ^ - . 1 0 0 %
= Of
+ O2
Cac phat bieu d i i n g la (1), (3).
i
Vay X = 0,02 m o i .
„
.rnbjj v
5Cl2 + Br2 + 6 H 2 O
(5)03 + 2 A g
r
,
3x
a2-8x
•
So m o i H2 = l,5(0,2-8x) + 9x = 0,3 - 3 x = 0,24.
Vm&g
+ Br2;
lOHCl
0,075 >
DVVH Khang Vigt
+ 9Fe
4AI2O3
•Tf'f^nu:. g 0 02
> KCl + CO2 + H2O
(3) Cl2 + 2KBr
8x
Fe
, -^..os + •
> KCl + CO2 + H2O
+ KHCO3
Phanung:
2A1
thuong CO ca'u true lap phuang tarn khol.
(2) CI2 + H 2 O
0,2
Saupu:
<• -'SA
Caul4:ChonA.
^
, • -"^'l:
,
'
Cac k i m loai k i e m ( n h o m IA), Ba ( n h o m I I A ) va Fe ( n h o m VIIIB) 0 dieu kien
(1) H C l + KHCO3
Bandau:
3Fe304 ~—>
+
TNI III MTV
CH2=C(CH3)-COONH4
+ NaOH
> CH2=C(CH3)-COONa
+ NHst
+ H2(^
CH2=CHCOOH3NCH3 + N a O H
—
CH2=CHCOONa + ^HaNHa t + H2O
409
