Unit 11. Sources of energy

Fill in each blank with one word from the box
relevant to each picture.
flew

spring

John Kenedy was
the U.S.A president
…………..….. in
assassinated
1963.

assassinated

Peach flowers are
spring
greeting …
……..

shrimp

shrimp is my
….…...
favourite seafood.


Teaching LANGUAGE FOCUS

 SUMMARY 

Unit 11.
1. /∫r/

LANGUAGE FOCUS

Relative Clauses

3 sounds

3. /spr/

1. V-ing

reduced by…

2. /spl/
PRONUNCIATION

3. To V
PRONUNCIATION
GRAMMAR

2. V-PP


I. PRONUNCIATION


I. PRONUNCIATION
LISTEN AND REPEAT

/∫r/

/spl/

/spr/

shred splash spring
shrill
split
spray
shrimp spleen spread
shrine splutter sprightly


PRACTICE READING THESE SENTENCES
1. They were all shrieking with laughter.
2. He shrugged (his shoulders), saying he didn’t
know
and didn’t care.
3. My dad hates shrimp paste.
4. What a splendid spring day!
5. The stream splits into three smaller streams at
this point.
6. The house has a narrow front, but it splays out at
the back.


GRAMMAR
John Kenedy was the U.S.A president assassinated in 1963.

RELATIVE CLAUSES
REPLACED BY

PARTICIPLES OR TO INFINITIVES


REDUCTION FORM OF RELATIVE CLAUSES

STUDY THESE EXAMPLES
E.g.1 The man who is speaking to John is my
brother.
The man speaking to John is my brother.
E.g.2:The fence which surrounds our house is made of
wood.
The fence surrounding our house is made of wood.

FORMULA 1
N + WHO/WHICH/THAT+ active V …
N + V-ing ( present participle)


EXERCISE 1
1. The boy who is playing the piano is Ben.

playing

2. Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?
3. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.

coming

4. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress.
5. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.
6. We have an apartment which overlooks the park.

waiting
researching
surrounding
overlooking


REDUCTION FORM OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
E.g.1 The Sport Game which was held in India in
1951 was the first Asian Games.
 The Sport Games held in India in 1951 was the
first Asian Games.
E.g.2 John Kenedy was the U.S.A president who was
assassinated in 1963.
 John Kenedy was the U.S.A president assassinated
in 1963.
FORMULA 2
N + WHO/WHICH / THAT + be + V (p2) (passive)
N + V(past participle)


DISCUSS WITH YOUR PARTNER

EXERCISE 2
1. The ideas which

________________
are presentedin that book are interesting.
presented
2. I come from a city ___________
that
is locatedin the southern part of
located
the country.
3. They live in a house ___________ in 1980.
thatbuilt
was built
4. The photographs _________________ in the newspaper
which
were published
published
were extraordinary
5. The experiment _________________ at the University of
conducted
which
was conducted
Chicago was successful.
6. They work in a hospital _________________ by the
which
was sponsored
sponsored
government.


REDUCTION FORM OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
E.g.5 Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.

 Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space.
E.g.6 This is the last cake that is sold today.
 This is the last cake to be sold today.
FORMULA 3

The first/second/…only/next +N + WH + V/ to be +Vp2
The first/second/…. only/next …(N) + to V/ to be Vp2 …


EXERCISE 3
1. John was the last man who reached the top of the
mountain.
 John was the last man to reach the top of the
mountain.
2. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the
light.
 The last person to leave the room must turn off the
light.
3. The first person that we must see is Mr. Smith.
 The first person (for us) to see is Mr. Smith.
4. This is the second person who was killed in that way.
 This is the second person to be killed in that way.
5. The first person who catches the ball will be the
winner.
 The first person to catch the ball will be the winner.


In each sentence choose the best option which can
suitably replace the underlined relative clause.
1.Who’s the girl that is waiting outside?

A. to wait
B. waiting
C. waited
D. to be waited
2. Don’t let me be the last who knows your decision
A. to know B. knowing
C. known
D. to be known
3. The man who was caught by the police last night was a notorious
criminal.
A. to catch
B. catching
C. caught
D. to be caught
4. The man saving me from the lake was very brave.
Who saves
B. who is saving
C. who saved
D. who was saved
5. Hamlet is a tragedy written by Shakespeare.
A. which written
B. which is written
C. which was writing
D. which was written


1.N + Who/which/that + Verb active)
-> N + V-ing
2.N + Who/which/that + to be + V(p2)
(passive)

-> N + V(p2)
3. The first/second/..last/ only + N + WH
+ V/to be V(p2) …
The first/second/…last/ only +N + to
V/ to be V(p2) …


• Prepare test yourself D