Unit 7. Celebrations

Unit 7: CELEBRATIONS


Conditional sentences
 Conditional Sentences are
also known as Conditional
Clauses or If Clauses.
Clauses They are
used to express that the action
in the main clause (without if)
can only take place if a certain
condition (in the clause with if)
is fulfilled.
 A conditional sentence
consists of 2 clauses: an if
Main and
clause
clause
clause
a main IF
clause


Zero conditional
Usage: to express facts that are always true, scientific
facts, general truths …
Main clause
Form:
If clause
Simple present
Simple present

Ex: - If you heat a metal object, it expands
- If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
- If I don’t get enough sleep, I feel tired
Note: Most zero conditional sentences will mean
the same thing if "when" is used instead of "if"


First conditional
Usage: To
talk about possibilities in
the present
(conditional
type
1)or in the
future, or to make predictions about the future.
Form:

If clause

Simple present
Ex:

Main clause

Will + Bare infinitive

If it's sunny , we' ll go to the park.

If I find her address , I’ll send her an
If I don’t invitation.

see him this afternoon , I will phone him in the
evening .

 The main clause can also be at the beginning of the
sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
Ex: I will send her an invitation if I find her address .
We'll go to the park if it's sunny .
I will phone him in the evening if I don’t see him this
afternoon .


Second Conditional
conditional
type situations
2)
Usage: to(talk
about unreal or imaginary
in the
present or in the future
Form:

If clause

simple past verb *

Main clause
would + infinitive

Ex: If I had a million dollars , I would buy a big
house .

If I saw a mouse on my bed , I would scream
→ It is possible
but faint
very unlikely,
maybe impossible, that the
and then
.
condition will be fulfilled.
If you were an animal , which animal would
Note:you
**This ‘past simple’ form is slightly different from
be ?
usual in the case of the verb BE. Whatever the subject

(he, she, or it…), the verb form is "were", not "was”
 If the "if" clause comes first , a comma is usually used .
If the "if" clause comes second , there is no need for a
comma .
Ex: I would have a trip to the Moon if I won the lottery.


Condition(conditional
Usage: to talk about unreal
situations
in the past, things
type
3)
which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past
Form:

If clause

Main clause

Past Perfect
would / could / might have + p.p
If I ’ d known it was his birthday , I ’d have bake
Ex
:
a cake
for him .
(Criticism: You didn’t bake a cake for him because yo
didn't know that
- Ifhis
it ’birthday
d snowed
we could have
was
.) ,
gone
skiing. It didn't snow, so we couldn't
( Regret:
→ It isgo
impossible
that
skiing.
) the condition will be fulfilled as it refers to the
past.
NOTE: Both would and had can be contracted to 'd,
which can be confusing. Remember that you

NEVER use would in the IF-clause, so in the
example above, “ If I'd known ” must be “ If I had
known ", and “ I'd have baked " must be "I would
have baked."


Exercise-pg103 textbook

1.If you believe in Santa Claus, “, the father said to
his littlewill
son,
“he and
__________________
you tonight”
come
visit
2.If our motorbike had not broken down,
we have be
wouldn’t
________________ late for
his party,
andgot
he
wouldn’t
have
________________ so upset like that.
3. Suppose someoneis__________ born on Feb 29th,
how often will they hold their birthday party?
falls ________
4. According to the regulations, if a holiday

on a weekend, we will have the next nearest
weekday as a day off.
Could
have grown into a giant and
5. ______Saint
Giong ________________
(have
) gotten
__________
admirable strength for the battle
against the enemy without the villagers’ seven
baskets of local eggplants and rice?
6. – She’s so popular in this neighborhood.
_ Right. Without her blindness,
still
willwe ______
love
______ her.


Tinsel (n) : kim tuyen
Manger (n) : mang an

Mistletoe (n) : cay tam gui

7. –Unless you put up the tinsel, nobody
will call
__________it a manger.
-Thanks
8. But for the cake and the champagne that she

had brought,couldn’t
we ___________________
a real party.
have had
9. Come with us! My mother never
gets / ________
annoyed even if the children
make
noise.
will
never
10. Do you believe that if a couple
get kiss under a
bunch of mistletoe,
they __________ a lot of
will have
children?
11. The
teachers will be very much energized
work
provided we all _______ hard enough.
12. ”It doesn’t
matter whether a cat is black or
catches
white as long as it __________mice.


Word Study: Genitive ‘s
Genitive is used to mark a noun as being the possessor
of another noun , similar to that expressed by "of"

Genitive of origin; subjective genitive
Ex: -Beethoven's music
- Fred Astaire's dancing
- Confucius' teaching
 indicate the origin or source of the head noun of the
phrase, rather than possession itself
 Objective genitive; classifying genitive
Ex:- the Hundred Years' War (->the war of a Hundred
Years )
- two weeks' notice (->notice of two weeks )
- a prisoner's release (->the release of the prisoner)
 specify, delimit, or describe the head noun. The
paraphrase with ‘of’ is often un-idiomatic or
ambiguous with these genitives


 Genitive of purpose
Ex:
Ex - women's shoes
- children's literature
 identifies the purpose or intended
recipient of the head noun. ‘Of ‘ cannot
paraphrase them; they can be
idiomatically paraphrased with ‘for’:
shoes for women.

 Appositive genitive
Ex:
Ex Dublin's fair city
 This is not a common usage. The more

usual expression is the fair city of Dublin.


Basic rules of thumb

- General rule: 's (John's suitcase, the children's
playground)
- Classical names in -s: ' (Jesus' suffering, Marx'
Kapital)
- Plurals in -s: ' (a boys' school, the girls' boyfriends)
• Singular:
-Add 's:
Ex:Mandy's brother John plays football.
My teacher's name is ...
• Plural:
-Add the apostrophe ' to regular plural forms:
Ex:The girls' room is very nice.
The Smiths' car is black.
-Add 's to irregular plural forms:
Ex:The children's books are over there.
Men's clothes are on the third floor.
-If there are multiple nouns, add an 's only to the last
noun:
Ex: Peter and John's mother is a teacher.


1.the coats of the ladies
 the lady's coats
4.the business of Anne and Francis
 the ladies' coats

 Anne and Francis' business
 no genitive possible
 Anne's and Francis' business
2. the countries of Blair
 Anne and Francis's business
and Chirac
 Anne's business and Francis's
 Blair's country and
5.the girlfriend of my brother-in-law
Chirac's
 my brother-in-law's girlfriend
 Blair and Chirac's
 my brother's-in-law girlfriend
countries
 my brother's-in-law's girlfriend
 Blair and Chiracs
6.the future of our boys
countries
 our boy's future
3.the hobbies of the
 our boys' future
women
 our boys's future
 the woman's hobbies
 the women's hobbies
 the womens' hobbies


Match the words in column A with
those in column B, then use ‘s to

make appropriate phrases to
complete the sentences. The first
one has
A been done for you
B as an
example.
children
clothes
mother
day
a mile
day
master
books
Revolutionary Invalids &
sake
Martyrs

men
heaven
fifteen minutes

degree
break
distance


Exercise/103
1 .I’ve promised to buy my nephew
some books

children’s
______________if he passes the test
2.Three teachers in this school are taking a course
for a __________
Master’s degree
3.What are you going to buy mom on the
Mother’s Day
____________?
4. Well, that’s enough for the first section. Let’s
have
a ___________________
fifteen
minutes’ break
5. In memory of those who have died in the
struggles against foreign invaders, visits are paid
to the City’s Cemetery every year on
Revolutionary Invalids &Martyr’ Day
_________________________________
6. It’s not too far, just
a _______________;
you can walk
A mile’s
distance
there
heaven’s sake
7. For _____________, calm down! I’m going to tell you
all you need to know.
men’s
8. There are always fewer shoppers in the ________
department than in the women’s