Bài Giảng Nhà Nước và Pháp Luật_Ôn tập thi tuyển Công chức Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh Năm 2016_Phần Kiến Thức Chung _Học viện Cán Bộ TP.HCM

9 /2 6 /2 0 1 6

Bid: NHA NU<1C vA PHAp LuA.T gfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFE
1 . ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
N h a n u tr c
1. Nguon g6e, ban chat cua nha m roc
2. BQ m ay nha nuoc MLKJIHGFEDCBA

I I . P h tip lu ijt
1. Ban eh~t
2. Chirc nang cua phap luat
3. Van ban quy pham phap luat

III.

P h tip c h i

1. Khai niem phap che
2. Tinh t~t y~u phai tang cuong phap eh~ XHCN
3. Cac bien phap nham tang cuong phap eh~ XHCN

II NHA.NUOC
1. Nguon gac, ban ch§t cua Nha m nrc
.:. Khi XH phat trien d€n m ot trinh d9 nhat dinh
q

xuftt hien ch€ d9 tu htru

q

XH phan chia thanh cac giai cap

q

Nha nuoc ra doi

1


9 /2 6 /2 0 1 6

, nmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPO
r

· : · C t i c d i i u h i e• u MLKJIHGFEDCBA
CO' ban
c u a N h a n u tr c :
phan chia dan cir theo lanh th6

~

C6

~

C6 su thiet lap be> m ay cai tri d?c biet

~

C6 su xac dinh chu quyen Quoc gia

~

C6 su ban hanh phap luat

ph

r

"

S\I

· gfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGF

Nha nuoc ta hien nay la Nha m roc
Sn XHCN, "
han dan
Nhan
~

an da

Ban chAt cua Nha nurrc CHXHCN

Vi~t Nam :

o

Nha

~

NN ta duoc t6 chirc & hoat dong duoi su lanh dao

nuac

ta m a n g tin h g ia i c lip c o n g n h iin

VN

cuaDCSVN
~ NN ta duoc t6 chirc & hoat dong dua tren co
hoc thuyet M ac-Lenin

sa

va Tu tuong HeM

~

NN ta th€ hien y chi & bao v~ 19i ich cua giai cfrp
CNVN (va dong dao NDLDVN)
.

~

NN, ta la be> m ay trfrn ap nhung phan ttr di nguoc

lai voi 19i ich cua NDLD

2


9 /2 6 /2 0 1 6

u MLKJIHGFEDCBA
N h a n u t r c ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
t a 'l a N h i : n u t i c c u a d i i n ,

d o d i i n , v i d t i n gfedcbaZYXWV

l

:~ Tfit ca quyen luc cua NN ta thuoc v€ nhan dan
~ NN ta do nhan dan thanh l~p
'~

M 9i hoat dong cua NN ta nham rnuc dich phuc vu ;
loi ich cua nhan dan

2. B p m ay nha

n u trc

V ift n a m :

D ie a v a o c lu e c n a n g c o b a n c u a c a c C Q N N
th i B M N N

» H~

» H~
» H~

ta g a in c o :

thong cac CQ quyen Iuc NN
thong cac CQ hanh chinh NN
thong cac CQ xet

xu

~ H~ thong cac CQ kiem sat
( va m ot che dinh d?c biet la Chu tich nuoc)

3


9/26/2016

-,
BO M AY NHA NV
01 L~

L

(Theo

IU¥I m m Ahil

!.~

"am 2015)

1
--_ I
................

gfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

i

S~1111N IITH A N II
~ 81,1LA N il \)~O , G IA M SA T

.:. QH CO 3 chuc nang sau:
• l.a p h ie n , la p p h a p
• O u y e t d jn h nhfrng v a n d ~

quan tro n q c u a dat nuoc
• G ia rn

sat toi cao

4


9 /2 6 /2 0 1 6

Cae

thurm g

Uy

ban

V l}

cua Q H ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

QH

C dc

- Uy
- Uy
- Dy
Uy
- Uy
- Uy
- Uy
- Dy
- Uy

uy

b a n c u a Q U 6 e h p i:

ban phap luat
ban kinh t~

ban tai chinh-ngan sach
ban quoc phong va an ninh
ban VH, giao due thanh nien, thi~u nien va nhi d6ng
ban v~ cac van d~ XH
ban khoa hoc, c6ng nghe, m 6i tnrong
ban tu phap
ban d6i ngoai MLKJIHGFEDCBA

(n g o a i r a k h i c a n th iit

c o n th a n h . Ifjp

1

sa

c a q u a n k lu ic )

5


9 /2 6 /2 0 1 6

C d c c lu c c d a n h
•

c o b a n t r o n g Q u a e h ~ i : nmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

- Chu tich QH
- Cac pho chu tich QH

- Cac uy vien cua UBTVQH
- Chu tich, pho chu tich va uy vien HDDT
- Chu nhiem , pho chu nhiem va uy vien cua cac

Uy

ban cua QH
Jheo

L u a t m ir i c o n

co t h e m

T 6 n g th u le V Q H )

.

...b. Chu tich
nurrc
•

,

.:. Chu tich nuoc Ia nguoi dirng dau Nha
m ,roc, thay m, at m nrc CHXHCNVN v~
doi noi va dai ngoai,
,

(N g u y e n th u Q u o e G ia )
,

• CTN do QH bau trong

,

so cac

?

dai bieu QH.

• Nhiem ky cua CTN theo nhiem ky cua QH.

6 gfedcb


9 /2 6 /2 0 1 6

c. Chinh ph":
.:. Chinh phu la co quan chap hanh cua Quoc
hoi, la co quan hanh chinh nha nuoc cao
nh~t cua m roc ta .

•:. Chinh
chinh

phu co clnrc nang quan

ly hanh

nha m roc tren t~t ca cac linh
,

VlJC,

??

nganh nghe tren toan the lanh tho nuoc ta . ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCB

•: . T r o n g C h i n h MLKJIHGFEDCBA
p h u g6m co:

• C d c h i.) gfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

• 'C a e c a q u a n n g a n g

* C h in h p h u

hr

V N h i~ n n a y c o

4 ca q uan ngang

18 br

va

br

7


9 /2 6 /2 0 1 6

, nmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDC

Cae thanh vieD eua CP gom : MLKJIHGFEDCBA
•

T h i i ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
tu tr n g C P

•

C dc ph6

• C dc

br

th il tu tr n g C P

tr u o n g

va

th u tr u o n g c a q u a n n g a n g

br

~ TTg do QH bau then d~ nghi cua CTN ...
~ Cac ph6 TTg, cac BT ... do TTg d~ nghi, QH
phe chuan, CTN b 6 nhiern ...

d. HDND va UBND
•HDND vel UBND

duoc thanh l~p 6 3 cap
dia phuong (cap tinh, c~p

chinh quyen
: huyen, c~p xa).

?

•HDND la co quan dai bieu cua nhan dan
dia phuong.
•HDND la co quan quyen luc nha nuoc 6
dia phuong.

8


H£)}\D co 2 chu c nang:
uy~t ulnh nhuuiv5n u~
l\a phuong

.GiaUl sat tren ula ban ula phuong

• 0 HDND co th\lang trl,tC va cac ban .
• Cac chu dan i:f HDND: chu t\ch, pho chu
h gfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
c
c
C
tich va mOt55 chu danP. kha .
.

I:·

'

_UBND la cO la cO aUla
phuOng.
..
_UB}\D co chu C nang nha nu
tren t~t c a cac nnh v'!-c ngan
ac
ngh~ tre n U\a ban U\a phUong .
. 6 UBND c~p tlnh va c~p huy~n co cac co
(c s0, phOng .. .)
aC

9

9 /2 6 /2 0 1 6

• o nmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
UBND cap xa co cac chirc danh chuyen
m on - nghiep V \l
(tu phap - hQ tich, xay dung - dia chinh, VHXH, van phong - thong ke, tai chinh - ke toan
... )
• Cac thanh vien cua UBND gom chu tich, ph6
chu tich va uy vien cua UBND.
• Cac chirc danh nay dSu do HDND cling cap
b a u ...

e. T AND va VKSND
.:. H~ thong TAND va VKSND bao gom :
~ TAND

va

VKSND t6i cao

~ TAND va VKSND c~p cao
~ T AND va VKSND c~p tinh
~ TAND va VKSND cap huyen

~ T A va VKS quan

SlJ

.:. T AND co clnrc nang xet XU',
thuc hien quyen tir phap. ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

10


9 /2 6 /2 0 1 6

.:. Cac chtrc danh co ban trong TAND la chanh
an, ph6 chanh an va th§m phan TAND:

an TAND TC
chanh an TAND

-

Chanh

do QH b~u ...

-

Pho

TC do CTN gfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
b 6 nhiem ...

-

Th~m phan TAND

b 6 nhiem ...

CTN

-

TC va th~m phan cac TA khac do

Chanh

an, pho chanh

an TAND

cfrp cao, TAND cfrp

tinh va cfrp huyen
do chanh

TAND TC

b 6 nhiern ...

•:. VKSND c6 chirc nang thuc hanh quye
.cong to va
, kiem sat hoat dong tu phap
,

».

an

?

(DiSu tra; xet XlI';
thi hanh an;
giam gitr, cai tao) ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

11


9 /2 6 /2 0 1 6

- V ie n

trU 'a n g

VKSNDTC

do

QH

b a u ...
- P h 6 v ie n tru o n q
VKSNDTC

do

v a k ie rn s a t v ie n

bo

nuoc
tic h nmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

chu

n h ie rn ...

sat vien V K S N D
cap

va

p h 6 v ie n tn ro n q

- V ie n tru o n q ,
tln h , c a p

V K S N D to i c a o

cap cao va V K S N D

huyen

bo

k ie m

d o v ie n

trU 'a n g

n h ie rn ...

, ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

K e t l u i•i n :
+:+ NN chi ra doi khi XH phat trien d~n m ot trinh
dQ nhat dinh ...

+:+ NN ta m ang tinh giai cc1p CNVN;

NN ta la

NN cua dan, do dan, vi dan.

+:+ Trong BM NN

co nhieu

CQNN;

m 6i CQNN

co vi tri phap 1;' va chirc nang nhat dinh ...

12

9 /2 6 /2 0 1 6

I I I nmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
PHA.P LU~T

1. Ban ch§t cua PL
.:. PL ra doi cling voi NN

.:. Ban chat cua PL nuoc ta thS hien 0' nhtrng noi
dung sau:

>-ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
P L n u ir c ta m a n g tin h g ia i

c a p c im g n h iin

VN

..rPL nuoc ta do NN ta ban hanh, nen PL nuoc ta
cling m ang ban chat giong NN ta (m ang tinh giai
cfip CNVN) .
..rPL m roc ta la cong cu, phuong tien th~ ch~ hoa
duong l6i, chu tnrong, chinh sach cua Dang ta.

>-

P L n u tr c ta m a n g tin h n h iin d iin , tin h d iin t9 c
( la P L c u a d tin , d o d iin , v i d iin ) :

..r PL nuoc ta do nhan dan lam ra
(m ot each gian tiep hoac true tiep) .

..r PL m roc ta phuc vu loi ich cua ND .
..r PL nuoc ta la cong cu. phuong tien d~ phat huy
nhirng truyen thong t6t dep cua dan toc VN.

13


9 /2 6 /2 0 1 6

~

t i n l t n h i i n MLKJIHGFEDCBA
t / f l O X H C N nmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJI

P L n u tr c ta m a n g

../ PL m roc ta chu y~u duoc bao dam thuc hien
bang giao due, thuyet phuc (con chi cuong
che khi th?t c~n thiet) .
../ PL m roc ta qui dinh nhieu bien phap cuong
ch~ (nhung

khong

co

BPCC

nao gay dau

don v~ th~ xac hoac ha nhuc con nguoi) .
../ C6 nhieu

qui dinh th~ hien

che dO khoan

h6ng ...

u'c nang ciia PL
2. Ch gfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Phap lu~t co 3 chirc nang co' ban sau:

o

C h te c n iin g d iiu c h in h

~ PL co chirc nang di~u chinh cac quan h~ XH co
ban, quan trong, cfin thi~t (dinh huong hanh vi
cho cac chu th~ ... )
~ PL dua ra cac qui djnh:
,/ C~m lam gi?
,/ Phai lam gi?

q

d~ di~u chinh ...

,/ Duoc Iam gi?

14


9 /2 6 /2 0 1 6

o ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
C h t c c n i i n g b a o MLKJIHGFEDCBA
V ? nmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
~ PL co chirc nang baa v~ cac quan h~ 4 H
(baa v~ nhu cau, 19i ich chinh dang.. hop
phap cua cac chu the).
~ PL dira ra cac ch~ tai d~ baa v~ (xac dinh
cac BPCCNN ap dung d6i voi chu th~ vi
pharn ... ).

o

C h tr c n iin g g id o d u e

~ ... giao due y thirc PL cho nguoi dan.

3. Van ban qui pham phap lu~t
a)

Luat

K h a i n ie m

ban

2 2 /6 /2 0 1 5

VBQPPL:

hanh VBQPPLdugc
thong
(Co hieu luc tir 0 1 / 7 1 2 0 1 6 ) :

qua

ngay

"Van ban quy pham phap luat hi van ban co
chtra quy pham phap luat, diroc ban hanh then dung
tham quyen, hinh thirc, trinh tu, thu tuc quy dinh
trong Luat nay."

15


9 /2 6 /2 0 1 6

b ) C d c I o a i ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
VBQPPL:

He

th 6 n g

VBQPPL

t l u O 'c t h o n g

.'

th e o L u fL t b a n IU ln h V B Q P P L

q u a 2 2 /6 /2 0 1 5

( c o h i e u l u 'c t i t ' 0 1 / 7 / 2 0 1 6 ) nmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPON

1. Hi~n phap.
2. BQ luat, luat (sau day goi chung la luat), nghi quyet cua

Quoc hoi.
3. Phap lenh, nghi quyet cua Uy ban thuong vu Quoc hoi;
nghi quyet lien tich gitra Uy ban thuorig vu Quoc hoi voi
Doan Chu tich Uy ban trung uong M at tran T6 quoc Viet
Nam .

4. Lenh, quyet dinh cua Chu tich nuoc. gfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

5 . N q h ] d in h c u a C h in h p h u ; n q h ] q u y e t lie n tic h g iC fa C h in h
voi

D o a n C h u tic h

Uy

ban

tru n g

lJ 'O 'n g M ~ t tra n T o q u o c

phu
V i$ t

Nam .
6 . O u y e t d jn h c u a T h u tlJ 'a n g C h in h p h u .
7 . N q h ] q u y e t c u a H < )id 6 n g T h a rn p h a n T e a a n n h a n d a n to i c a o .
8. Thong

tlJ ' c u a C h a n h

a n T e a a n n h a n d a n to i c a o ; th o n g

tu

c u a V ie n trlJ '< Y n gV ie n k ie rn s a t n h a n d a n to i c a o ; th o n g tu c u a B < )
tru o n q , T h u tm < Y n g c o q u a n
Chanh
sat

b o ; th o n g tu lie n tic h g iC fa

a n T e a a n n h a n d a n to i c a o v o 'i V ie n trlJ '< Y n gV ie n

nhan

tru o n q

ngang

dan

to i c a o ; th o n g

co quan

ngang

k i~ m

tu lie n tic h g iC fa B < ) trlJ '< Y n g ,T h u

b<) voi Chanh

a n T e a a n n h a n d a n to i

c a o , V ie n trlJ '< Y n gV ie n k i~ m s a t n h a n d a n to i c a o ; q u y e t d in h c u a
T o n g K i~ m to a n n h a n u o c .

16

9 /2 6 /2 0 1 6

9. Nghi quyet cua HQi dong nhan dan tinh, thanh ph6 true thuoc trung
irong (sau day goi chung la dp tinh) .•
1O. Quyet dinh cua Uy ban nhan daD.cap tinh.

11. Van ban quy pham phap lu~t cua chinh quyen dia phuong ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
a don vigfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIH
h a n h chinh - kinh t~ dac biet.
12. Nghi quyet cua HQi dong nhan dan huyen, quan, thi xa, thanh ph6
thuoc tinh, thanh ph6 thuoc thanh ph6 tnrc thuoc trung irong (sau day
goi chung la dp huyen).
13. Quyet dinh cua Uy ban nhan dan dp huyen.
14. Nghi quyet cua HQi d6ng nhan dan xa, phirong, thi tr~n (sau day goi
chung la cap xa).
15. Quyet dinh cua Uy ban nhan dan cap xa.

c) Hieu luc cua VBQPPL:
.: .

H i e u MLKJIHGFEDCBA
/ lf C t h e o t h o i g i a n c u a V B Q P P L

./

VBQPPL

duoc ap dung trong khoang thai gian

nao? (K hi nao ap dl)ng?)

./

Cach tinh thai diem b~t dftu va thai diem cham
dill hieu hrc cua VBQPPL?

./

C6 hieu lire h6i t6 khong?

.: .

H i e u / lf C t h e o k h o n g g i a n c u a V B Q P P L

./

VBQPPL

./

Cach xac dinh hieu lire thee khong gian cua

duoc ap dung trong khoang khong gian
nao? (Ap dung o' dau?)
VBQPPL

17


9 /2 6 /2 0 1 6

,
"

MLKJIHGFEDCBA

.:.

H i e u l ( r c ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
t h e o t l a i t t r o n g t i p d u n g nmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG

./

VBQPPL duoc
,

ap, dung

d6i voi nh6m

doi tuong nao? (Ap dl}ng d/v ai?)
,

./

,

C6 ap dung doi voi CDVN song

a

m roc

ngoaikhong?
./

C6 ap dung d6i voi nguoi m roc ngoai
song a VN khong?

./

C6 ap dung d6i voi nguoi nuoc ngoai
song a m roc ngoai khong?

K it lu iin :

.:. Phap luat la tong hop cac qui t~c

Xl!'

su chung,

do

Nha nuoc d?t ra hoac thira nhan, nh~m di~u chinh cac

xa

hci va duoc bao dam thuc hien bang cac
bien phap cuong ch~ nha nuoc. :
quan h~

.:. PL nuoc CHXHCNVN

m ang tinh giai c~p CNVN;

tinh nhan dan, tinh dan tQC va tinh nhan dao XHCN .

•:. Hinh tlnrc cua PL VN la VBQPPL.

C6 dt nhi~u loai

VBQPPL.

18


9/26/2016

1111 pHAp cHEnmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
-gfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
,
1. KhtiiZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
n i e m p i t t i p cite
,

?

.:. Phap che duoc hieu la viec thuc hien
phap luat m ot each thuong xuyen, d fty du,
chinh xac va thong nhat cua t~t ca cac chu

the phap luat.
?

2. Tinh tAt y~u phai tang cuong phap ch~ XHCN
o' nurrc ta hien nay
~

d6i m oi (;
nuoc ta hien nay doi hoi phai tang cuong PC ...
D~ thuc hien thanh

cong cong

CUQC

~ D~ dat duoc m uc tieu "Dan giau, m roc m anh,
dan chu, cong

bang,

van m inh"

thi phai tang

cuong PC ...
~

D~ khac phuc tinh trang vi pham phap luat xay ra
thuong xuyen ... thi phai tang cuong PC ...

19


9 /2 6 1 2 0 1 6

i nmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Cac bi~n 'p h a p nham tang cuong phap ch~ XHCN
.:. Tang cuong

S\I

lanh dao cua Dang ...

•:. D fty m anh cong tic xay dung phap luat. ..

•:. T6

chirc t5t cong tac thuc hien PL ...

•:. Tang cuong cong tac kiern tra, giam sat
viec thuc hien PL ...
•:. Kien toan bQ m ay nha m ro c .

K it lu ljn :

.:. Phap ch€ la viec thuc hien phap Iuat m ot
each nghiem chinh ...

•:. M uon tang cuong PC XHCN
nay thi phai tien hanh

a nuoc

ta hien

dong bQ m ot h~ thong

gorn 5 bien phap co ban k€ tren. MLKJIHGFEDCBA

20

,,~-------------------------------------------

-------- ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG