Microbiology a systems approach 3rd edition marjorie kelly cowan test bank

Chapter 002 The Chemistry of Biology

Multiple Choice Questions
1. Anything that occupies space and has mass is called
A. Atomic
B. Living
C. Matter
D. Energy
E. Space
2. The electrons of an atom are
A. Always equal to the number of neutrons in an atom
B. Found in the nucleus
C. Used to determine atomic number
D. Positively charged
E. Moving in pathways called orbitals
3. The electrons of an atom are
A. Always equal to the number of protons
B. Used to determine the atomic weight
C. Carrying a positive charge
D. Used to determine the atomic number
E. Always in full orbitals
4. All of the following pertain to the atom carbon-14 except
A. Has 6 protons
B. Has 6 electrons
C. Has 14 neutrons
D. Is an isotope of carbon
E. All of the choices pertain to carbon-14


5. The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the
A. Electrons

B. Protons
C. Neutrons
D. Protons and neutrons
E. Protons and electrons
6. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in their
A. Neutron number
B. Electron number
C. Proton number
D. Atomic number
E. Chemical properties
7. What is the maximum number of electrons in the second energy shell of an atom?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 8
D. 18
E. 32
8. What is the maximum number of electrons in the first energy shell of an atom?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 8
D. 18
E. 32
9. Protons and neutrons make up the atom's central core referred to as its
A. Valence number
B. Isotope
C. Nucleus
D. Center of gravity
E. None of the choices are correct

10. The valence number is the
A. Number of protons
B. Number of neutrons
C. Atomic weight
D. Number of inner most electrons
E. Number of outer most electrons
11. Two or more atoms bonded together are called a/an
A. Ion
B. Isotope
C. Element
D. Electrolyte
E. Molecule
12. What would be the valence number of electrons in the sulfur (S) atom?
A. 2
B. 6
C. 8
D. 16
E. 32
13. Polar molecules are composed of covalently bonded
A. Identical atoms
B. Carbon atoms
C. Ions
D. Atoms of different electro negativity
E. Atoms of identical electro negativity
14. Polar molecules
A. Have an equal charge distribution
B. Have an unequal charge distribution
C. Are insoluble in water
D. Always contain carbon
E. Always involve oxygen

15. Covalent bonds
A. Result from losing electrons
B. Are always polar
C. Are always non-polar
D. Result from sharing electrons
E. Result from gaining electrons
16. Cations are a(n)
A. Charged subatomic particles
B. Atoms that have gained electrons
C. Atoms that have gained neutrons
D. Capable of forming ionic bonds with anions
E. Atoms without protons
17. A reaction where an electron is lost is called
A. Oxidation
B. Reduction
C. Ionization
D. Decomposition
E. Dissolution
18. An atom has gained an electron. It has been
A. Oxidized
B. Reduced
C. Ionized
D. Deionized
E. Neutralized
19. Ionic bonds
A. Result from sharing electrons
B. Result from transferring electrons
C. Results from like charge attraction

D. Are the weakest chemical bonds
E. Always involve carbon


20. Hydrogen bonds
A. Result from attractive forces between molecules with polar covalent bonds
B. Result from attractive forces between molecules with polar ionic bonds
C. Result from attractive forces between molecules with non-polar covalent bonds
D. Result from attractive forces between molecules with non-polar ionic bonds
E. Are the strongest bonds between molecules
21. Atoms that gain or lose electrons become charged particles called
A. Cations
B. Anions
C. Ions
D. Isotopes
E. All of the choices are correct
22. Substances that release ions when dissolved in water and conduct electricity are
A. Covalent
B. Nonpolar
C. Electrons
D. Electrolytes
E. Solvents
23. Which of the following represents a synthesis reaction?
A. AB ® A + B
B. A + B ® AB
C. AB + XY ® AX + BY
D. AB + XY « AX + BY
E. None of the choices are correct
24. Which of the following represents a reversible reaction?
A. AB ® A + B

B. A + B ® AB
C. AB + XY ® AX + BY
D. AB + XY « AX + BY
E. None of the choices are correct


25. The important solvent associated with living things is
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Sodium chloride
C. Ethyl alcohol
D. Benzene
E. Water
26. Ionic compounds are
A. Hydrophobic
B. Hydrophilic
C. Are acidic in solution
D. Are basic in solution
E. Always form salts in solution
27. A solution is composed of one or more substances called _____ that are uniformly dispersed in a
dissolving medium called a _____.
A. Solvent, solute
B. Solute, solvent
C. Neither solvent, solute nor solute, solvent
D. Both solvent, solute and solute, solvent
28. Which term does not belong in this list?
A. Lactic acid
B. Vinegar
C. Hydrogen ion donor
D. PH 8
E. Acidic

29. A solution of pH 7 compared to a solution of pH 9
A. Is more basic
B. Has no OH- ions
C. Has more H+ ions
D. Has a higher pH
E. All of the choices are correct


30. A solution of pH 7 compared to a solution of pH 9
A. 2 times more acidic
B. 20 times more acidic
C. 20 times more basic
D. 100 times more acidic
E. 100 times more basic
31. Which of the following functional groups is mismatched to the organic compound?
A. Phosphate-carbohydrates
B. Sulfhydryl-proteins
C. Amino-proteins
D. Hydroxyl-alcohols
E. Carboxyl-fatty acids
32. Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A. Carbon
B. Nitrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Hydrogen
E. Phosphorous
33. Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are
A. Chains of hydrophobic molecules
B. Chains of electrolytic molecules
C. Chains of repeating monomers

D. Chains of repeating carbohydrates
E. Chains of hydrogen bonds
34. All of the following are monosaccharides except
A. Glucose
B. Glycogen
C. Fructose
D. Ribose
E. Deoxyribose


35. Which of the following would have glycosidic bonds?
A. Triglycerides
B. Monosaccharides
C. Polypeptides
D. Polysaccharides
E. ATP
36. All of the following are polysaccharides except
A. Dextran in some bacterial slime layers
B. Agar used to make solid culture media
C. A cell's glycocalyx
D. Cellulose in certain cell walls
E. Prostaglandins in inflammation
37. C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 ® C12 H22O11 + H2O represents
A. Formation of a peptide bond
B. A decomposition reaction
C. Denaturation
D. Formation of a polysaccharide
E. Dehydration synthesis
38. Starch is the primary storage food for all of the following except
A. Green plants

B. Algae
C. Animals
D. Some fungi
E. All of these store food as starch
39. All of the following are lipids except
A. Cholesterol
B. Starch
C. Phospholipid
D. Wax
E. Triglyceride


40. What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?
A. Fatty acids
B. Glycerol
C. Phosphate
D. Alcohol
E. All of the choices are correct
41. A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to 2 other carbons and
2 hydrogens.
A. Unsaturated
B. Polyunsaturated
C. Monounsaturated
D. Saturated
E. None of the choices are correct
42. The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules are
A. Prostaglandins
B. Waxes
C. Phospholipids
D. Steroids

E. Triglycerides
43. The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes are the
A. Prostaglandins
B. Waxes
C. Phospholipids
D. Steroids
E. Triglycerides
44. The building blocks of an enzyme are
A. Nucleotides
B. Glycerol and fatty acids
C. Monosaccharides
D. Phosphate, glycerol, fatty acids
E. Amino acids


45. An amino acid contains all of the following except
A. An amino group
B. A carboxyl group
C. A variable R group
D. An a carbon
E. A nitrogen base
46. Which is not true about enzymes?
A. Found in all cells
B. Are catalysts
C. Participate in the cell's chemical reactions
D. Can be denaturated by heat and other agents
E. Have high-energy bonds between phosphates
47. Which amino acid contains sulfur atoms that form covalent disulfide bonds in its tertiary
structure?
A. Valine

B. Cysteine
C. Serine
D. Alanine
E. Tyrosine
48. What type of bonds are formed by dehydration synthesis between adjacent amino acids?
A. Glycosilic
B. Ester
C. Peptide
D. Disulfide
E. Phosphate
49. The a – helix is a type of _____ protein structure.
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
E. None of these


50. One nucleotide contains
A. One phosphate
B. One pentose sugar
C. One nitrogen base
D. All of the choices are correct
E. None of the choices are correct
51. Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA?
A. Contains ribose
B. Contains adenine
C. Contains thymine
D. Contains uracil
E. Contains nucleotides

52. ATP is best described as
A. An enzyme
B. A double helix
C. An electron carrier
D. The energy molecule of cells
E. All of the choices are correct
53. A student forgot to label a beaker containing a DNA solution and a beaker containing a glucose
solution. If chemical analysis was performed to identify the contents of each beaker, which of the
following would be found in the beaker of DNA but not in the beaker with glucose?
A. Amino acids
B. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms
C. Nitrogen and phosphorus
D. Fatty acids
E. Carbon atoms
54. Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all
A. Nucleic acids
B. Carbohydrates
C. Polysaccharides
D. Amino acids
E. Enzymes


55. Which of the following is not a pyrimidine?
A. Uracil
B. Adenine
C. Thymine
D. Cytosine
E. All of these are pyrimidines
56. During protein synthesis, ____ RNA is made to be a copy of a gene from the DNA.
A. Transfer

B. Messenger
C. Ribosomal
D. All of the choices are correct
57. Characteristics of shared by all cells include:
A. a membrane serving as a cell boundary
B. the possession of genetic information
C. the presence of cellular fluid
D. All of these
58. An example of an amphipathic molecule found in living cells is:
A. glucose
B. phospholipid
C. protein
D. nucleic acids
59. The purine___ always binds with the pyrimidine__ in DNA and RNA.
A. guanine, cytosine
B. cytosine, guanine
C. adenine, guanine
D. thymine, guanine


60. You are asked to make a 1M solution of Sodium Bicarbonate or Baking Soda (NaHCO 3 ) for a
DNA extraction lab. How many gram(s) of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 ) should be added to 1L
of water to make the required solution? Use the table of atomic masses to help you.
A. 29 g
B. 62 g
C. 84 g
D. 91.1 g
E. Element Atomic mass
H
C

O
Na
K

1.00
12.00
16.00
23.00
39.1

True / False Questions
61. Elements have predictable chemical properties.
True

False

62. Electrons that participate in chemical bonding are typically located closest to the nucleus.
True

False

63. Water molecules are non-polar molecules.
True

False

64. Polar molecules have more reactivity compared to non-polar molecules.
True

False

65. A covalent bond is formed between an anion and a cation.
True

False

66. Only charged atoms can form ionic bonds.
True

False

67. The concentration of a solution expresses the amount of solvent present.
True

False

68. If solution A has a lower pH compared to solution B, then solution A is more acidic than solution
B.
True

False


69. The only part of an amino acid that differs from other amino acids is its R group.
True

False

70. All proteins are enzymes.
True

False

71. The most important outcome of polypeptide intra-chain bonding and folding is the unique shape
of the protein.
True

False

72. Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary levels of organization.
True

False


Chapter 002 The Chemistry of Biology Key

Multiple Choice Questions
1.

Anything that occupies space and has mass is called
A. Atomic
B. Living
C. Matter
D. Energy
E. Space
Learning Objective: 2.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements.

2.

The electrons of an atom are
A. Always equal to the number of neutrons in an atom
B. Found in the nucleus
C. Used to determine atomic number
D. Positively charged
E. Moving in pathways called orbitals
Learning Objective: 2.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements.

3.

The electrons of an atom are
A. Always equal to the number of protons
B. Used to determine the atomic weight
C. Carrying a positive charge
D. Used to determine the atomic number
E. Always in full orbitals
Learning Objective: 2.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements

4.

All of the following pertain to the atom carbon-14 except
A. Has 6 protons
B. Has 6 electrons
C. Has 14 neutrons
D. Is an isotope of carbon
E. All of the choices pertain to carbon-14
Learning Objective: 2.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements


5.

The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the
A. Electrons
B. Protons
C. Neutrons
D. Protons and neutrons
E. Protons and electrons
Learning Objective: 2.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements

6.

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in their
A. Neutron number
B. Electron number
C. Proton number
D. Atomic number
E. Chemical properties
Learning Objective: 2.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements

7.

What is the maximum number of electrons in the second energy shell of an atom?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 8
D. 18
E. 32
Learning Objective: 2.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements

8.

What is the maximum number of electrons in the first energy shell of an atom?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 8
D. 18
E. 32
Learning Objective: 2.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements

9.

Protons and neutrons make up the atom's central core referred to as its
A. Valence number
B. Isotope
C. Nucleus
D. Center of gravity
E. None of the choices are correct
Learning Objective: 2.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements


10.

The valence number is the
A. Number of protons
B. Number of neutrons
C. Atomic weight
D. Number of inner most electrons
E. Number of outer most electrons
Learning Objective: 2.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements

11.

Two or more atoms bonded together are called a/an
A. Ion
B. Isotope
C. Element
D. Electrolyte
E. Molecule
Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define 4 types of chemical bonds.

12.

What would be the valence number of electrons in the sulfur (S) atom?
A. 2
B. 6
C. 8
D. 16
E. 32
Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define 4 types of chemical bonds.

13.

Polar molecules are composed of covalently bonded
A. Identical atoms
B. Carbon atoms
C. Ions
D. Atoms of different electro negativity
E. Atoms of identical electro negativity
Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define 4 types of chemical bonds.

14.

Polar molecules
A. Have an equal charge distribution
B. Have an unequal charge distribution
C. Are insoluble in water
D. Always contain carbon
E. Always involve oxygen
Learning Objective: none

15.

Covalent bonds
A. Result from losing electrons
B. Are always polar
C. Are always non-polar
D. Result from sharing electrons
E. Result from gaining electrons
Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define 4 types of chemical bonds.

16.

Cations are a(n)
A. Charged subatomic particles
B. Atoms that have gained electrons
C. Atoms that have gained neutrons
D. Capable of forming ionic bonds with anions
E. Atoms without protons
Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define 4 types of chemical bonds.

17.

A reaction where an electron is lost is called
A. Oxidation
B. Reduction
C. Ionization
D. Decomposition
E. Dissolution
Learning Objective: none

18.

An atom has gained an electron. It has been
A. Oxidized
B. Reduced
C. Ionized
D. Deionized
E. Neutralized
Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define 4 types of chemical bonds.


19.

Ionic bonds
A. Result from sharing electrons
B. Result from transferring electrons
C. Results from like charge attraction
D. Are the weakest chemical bonds
E. Always involve carbon

Learning Objective: none

20.

Hydrogen bonds
A. Result from attractive forces between molecules with polar covalent bonds
B. Result from attractive forces between molecules with polar ionic bonds
C. Result from attractive forces between molecules with non-polar covalent bonds
D. Result from attractive forces between molecules with non-polar ionic bonds
E. Are the strongest bonds between molecules
Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define 4 types of chemical bonds.

21.

Atoms that gain or lose electrons become charged particles called
A. Cations
B. Anions
C. Ions
D. Isotopes
E. All of the choices are correct
Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define 4 types of chemical bonds.

22.

Substances that release ions when dissolved in water and conduct electricity are
A. Covalent
B. Nonpolar
C. Electrons
D. Electrolytes
E. Solvents

Learning Objective: 2.03 Differentiate between a solute and a solvent.


23.

Which of the following represents a synthesis reaction?
A. AB ® A + B
B. A + B ® AB
C. AB + XY ® AX + BY
D. AB + XY « AX + BY
E. None of the choices are correct
Learning Objective: none

24.

Which of the following represents a reversible reaction?
A. AB ® A + B
B. A + B ® AB
C. AB + XY ® AX + BY
D. AB + XY « AX + BY
E. None of the choices are correct
Learning Objective: none

25.

The important solvent associated with living things is
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Sodium chloride
C. Ethyl alcohol
D. Benzene

E. Water
Learning Objective: 2.03 Differentiate between a solute and a solvent.

26.

Ionic compounds are
A. Hydrophobic
B. Hydrophilic
C. Are acidic in solution
D. Are basic in solution
E. Always form salts in solution
Learning Objective: none

27.

A solution is composed of one or more substances called _____ that are uniformly dispersed
in a dissolving medium called a _____.
A. Solvent, solute
B. Solute, solvent
C. Neither solvent, solute nor solute, solvent
D. Both solvent, solute and solute, solvent
Learning Objective: 2.03 Differentiate between a solute and a solvent.


28.

Which term does not belong in this list?
A. Lactic acid
B. Vinegar
C. Hydrogen ion donor

D. PH 8
E. Acidic
Learning Objective: 2.04 Give a brief definition of pH.

29.

A solution of pH 7 compared to a solution of pH 9
A. Is more basic
B. Has no OH- ions
C. Has more H+ ions
D. Has a higher pH
E. All of the choices are correct
Learning Objective: 2.04 Give a brief definition of pH.

30.

A solution of pH 7 compared to a solution of pH 9
A. 2 times more acidic
B. 20 times more acidic
C. 20 times more basic
D. 100 times more acidic
E. 100 times more basic
Learning Objective: 2.04 Give a brief definition of pH.

31.

Which of the following functional groups is mismatched to the organic compound?
A. Phosphate-carbohydrates
B. Sulfhydryl-proteins
C. Amino-proteins

D. Hydroxyl-alcohols
E. Carboxyl-fatty acids
Learning Objective: none


32.

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other
atoms.
A. Carbon
B. Nitrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Hydrogen
E. Phosphorous
Learning Objective: none

33.

Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are
A. Chains of hydrophobic molecules
B. Chains of electrolytic molecules
C. Chains of repeating monomers
D. Chains of repeating carbohydrates
E. Chains of hydrogen bonds
Learning Objective: none

34.

All of the following are monosaccharides except
A. Glucose

B. Glycogen
C. Fructose
D. Ribose
E. Deoxyribose
Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the 4 main families of biochemicals.

35.

Which of the following would have glycosidic bonds?
A. Triglycerides
B. Monosaccharides
C. Polypeptides
D. Polysaccharides
E. ATP
Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the 4 main families of biochemicals.


36.

All of the following are polysaccharides except
A. Dextran in some bacterial slime layers
B. Agar used to make solid culture media
C. A cell's glycocalyx
D. Cellulose in certain cell walls
E. Prostaglandins in inflammation
Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the 4 main families of biochemicals.
Learning Objective: 2.06 Provide examples of cell components made from each of the families of biochemicals.

37.

C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 ® C12 H22O11 + H2O represents
A. Formation of a peptide bond
B. A decomposition reaction
C. Denaturation
D. Formation of a polysaccharide
E. Dehydration synthesis
Learning Objective: none

38.

Starch is the primary storage food for all of the following except
A. Green plants
B. Algae
C. Animals
D. Some fungi
E. All of these store food as starch
Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the 4 main families of biochemicals.

39.

All of the following are lipids except
A. Cholesterol
B. Starch
C. Phospholipid
D. Wax
E. Triglyceride
Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the 4 main families of biochemicals.


40.

What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?
A. Fatty acids
B. Glycerol
C. Phosphate
D. Alcohol
E. All of the choices are correct
Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the 4 main families of biochemicals.

41.

A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to 2 other carbons
and 2 hydrogens.
A. Unsaturated
B. Polyunsaturated
C. Monounsaturated
D. Saturated
E. None of the choices are correct
Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the 4 main families of biochemicals.

42.

The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules are
A. Prostaglandins
B. Waxes
C. Phospholipids
D. Steroids
E. Triglycerides
Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the 4 main families of biochemicals.

43.

The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes are the
A. Prostaglandins
B. Waxes
C. Phospholipids
D. Steroids
E. Triglycerides
Learning Objective: 2.06 Provide examples of cell components made from eachof the families of biochemicals.


44.

The building blocks of an enzyme are
A. Nucleotides
B. Glycerol and fatty acids
C. Monosaccharides
D. Phosphate, glycerol, fatty acids
E. Amino acids
Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the 4 main families of biochemicals.

45.

An amino acid contains all of the following except
A. An amino group
B. A carboxyl group
C. A variable R group
D. An a carbon
E. A nitrogen base
Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the 4 main families of biochemicals.

46.

Which is not true about enzymes?
A. Found in all cells
B. Are catalysts
C. Participate in the cell's chemical reactions
D. Can be denaturated by heat and other agents
E. Have high-energy bonds between phosphates
Learning Objective: none

47.

Which amino acid contains sulfur atoms that form covalent disulfide bonds in its tertiary
structure?
A. Valine
B. Cysteine
C. Serine
D. Alanine
E. Tyrosine
Learning Objective: 2.07 Explain primary
Learning Objective: secondary
Learning Objective: tertiary and quaternary structure as seen in proteins.