DSpace at VNU: Investigation on basic blue 41 dye degradation by fenton reaction

VNU Journal of Science, Natural Sciences and Technology 23 (2007) 275-279

Investigation on basic blue 41 dye degradation
by fenton reaction
Nguyen Dac Vinh1’*, Nguyen Bin2
1

Department o f Chemistry, College o f Science, VNU, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam

2Faculty o f Chemical Technology, Hanoi University o f Technology, Dai Co Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
R eceiv ed 24 A ugust 2007

A b s tra c t. B asic blue 41 is a v ery stab le dye using in w ool w eav in g industry. F enton reaction is
often used to d eco m p o se stab le su b stan ces in w astew ater. In this study p lan ed experim ents m ethod
w as used to in v estig ate the e íĩe c t o f three íactors, that are p H , H 20 2 and F e2* concentration on
C O D reduction. T h e re sp o n se su rface w as d e te m ú n e d b y progTam M odde 5.0, the optim al reaction
co n d itio n s was: F e 2' co n c en tratio n is 120 m g/L , H 2 O 2 co n cen tratio n is 10 m M , pH is 4.

1. Introduction
Dyes and pigments released into the
environment mainly in the form o f wastewater
effluents by textile, leather and printing
industries cause severe ecological problems.
These compounds have a great variety o f colors
and chemical structures and are recalcitrant to
microbial attack. Most o f the dyes are nontoxic, except for azo-dyes which comprise a
large percentage o f synthetic dyes and are
degraded into potentially carcinogenic amines
[1-3]. Most of the dyes are non-toxic, except for
azo-dyes which comprise a large percentage o f
synthetic dyes and are degraded into potentially

carcinogenic amines [2].
Textilewastewaters
oíĩer
considerable
resistance to biodegradation due to presence of
the dyestuffs which have a complex chemical

* Corresponding author. Te!.: 84-4-8253503
E-mail: nguyendacvinh@ gm ail.com

structure and are resistant to light, heat and
oxidation
agents.
Biological
treatment
processes such
as aerated lagoons
and
conventional activated sludge processes are
ữequently used to treat textile eíĩluents. These
processes are efficient in the removal of
suspended solids but largely ineffective in
removing đyes írom wastewater [3]. Chemical
treatment systems, on the other hand, are
generally more eíĩective with respect to
biological processes in decolorization of textile
dyestuíĩs although their application is limited
with their high costs [2-5].
The combination o f hydrogen peroxide and
a ferrous salt has been referred to as “Fenton’s

reagent” . The primary oxidant in Fenton’s
reagent is the hydroxyl radical (*OH) generated
by the reaction o f hydrogen peroxide with
ferrous ion [6]. The hydroxyl radical is very
active and can react unselectively with the
compounds in the reaction mixture including
hydrogen peroxide and feưous salt. Therefore


276

N .D . V in h , N. B in / V N U Ị o u m a l o f S cie n c e , N a tu r a l S c ie n c e s a n d T e c h n o lo g y 2 3 ( 2 0 0 7 ) 2 7 5 -2 7 9

ferrous
salt
and
hydrogen
peroxide
concentrations have great iníluence on the
effĩency o f Fenton reaction [7]. In this paper we
used planned experiments to fmd out the
optimum condition for Fenton reaction.

concentration: z 2 = 5 - 15 mM;
concentration: z 3 = 50 - 150 mg/1.
The statistic model illustrating
removal efficiency was as follows:

Fe2+
COD

y = bg + bịXị + b2x2 + ò3 * 3 + bị2x ix2 + bnxịxì +
+ ^ 11*1
2. M aterial and m ethods

^ Ĩ2 X 2

+ ^ 3 3 *3

+ ^ ì2 ìx \x 2 ^ i

A

y :
Wastewater containing basic blue 41 dye
was purchased from the company “Det len Mua
dong”.
FeS 04.7H20 , H 20 2 are pure chemicals
(analytical grade).

response

surface,

COD

removal

efficiency (%).

X|C coded variable of pH; x2: coded variable
o f H 2O 2 concenfration; x3: coded variable o f
Fe2* concentration;

Experimental procedure

200 ml textile wastewater was spilled to
a glass, pH was adjusted by H 2SO 4 98%, Fe2+,
H 20 2 were added at studying concentration, the
mixture was stirred during 180 min. Afterthat
the pH was adjusted to the value o f 11-12,
anticipated Fe3+ was removed by íìltration. The
solution was boiled under reflux to get rid o f
residual H20 2. COD o f the wastewater was
analysed according to the Standard methods [8].
The factors inAuent on the Fenton reaction
was investigated by planned experiments
method.
COD removal eíĩìciency depends on three
factors: Fe2+ concenữation, H 20 2 concentration
V |i
pH. We have chosen the ranges to
investigate as follows: pH = Zi = 2 - 6; H 2 O 2

3. Results and discussion
In this experiments we investigated the
iníluence o f three factors on the COD removal
efficiency
of
wastewater:

pH,
H20 2
concenừation, Fe2+ concentration. According to
ứie previous research the investigating range
was chosen: pH from 2 to 6, H20 2 conccntration
from 5 to 15 mM, Fe2* concentration from 50 150 mg/1. The experiments were caưicd out as
plan in the table 1. The fitted paramcters and
student eưors are in Table 2. The parametcr of
term pH^ỊPe2*] is invalid so it was removed.
The model validity R2 and reproducibility Q2
are close to 1 so we can conclude the model is
fítted well.

Table 1. The COD ređuction achieved from the planned experiments
Number of exp.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

pH
2
6
2
6

2
6
2
6
0.636

H20 2 conc. (mM)
5
5
15
15
5
5
15
15
10

Fez* conc. (mg/1)
50
50
50
50
150
150
150
150
100

COD reduction (%)
56.3

50.4
55.1
47.2
68.2
64.2
65
55.8
61


N .D . V in h , N . B in / V N U Ị o u m a ỉ o f S cien c e, N a tu r a l S c ie n c es a n d T e c h n o lo g y 23 (2 0 0 7 ) 2 7 5 -2 7 9

7. 364
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

10
1.59
18.41
10
10
10
10
10

100
100
100
15.9
184.1
100
100
100

48.6
64.5
59.2
52.35
68.2
79
76.9
77.8

Table 2. Regression coefficienls and response
COD reduction

Std. Err.

p

Conf. int(±)

0.560401

2.62951e-013

1.32516

0.263151

3.15525e-006

0.622262

0.263151

0.000224801

0.622262

0.263151

2.15807e-007
1.79551e-008
2.22113e-007
1.16604e-007

0.0345357

0.622262

p H * [H 20 2]

Cocff. s c
77.9036
-3.50388
-1.82414
5.18805
-8.1777
-5.68577
-6.24248
-0.899997

pH*[Fe2+]

0.0749973

0.343841

[H 20 2]* [Fe2+]

-0.899998

0.343842

Constant
pH

[H20 2]
[Fe21
pH * pH

[H2o 2]*[H2o 2]
[Fe2+]*tFc2+]

0.289605

0.289605
0.289605
0.343842

0.684816

0.684816
0.684816
0.813066

0.833561
0.0345356

0.813066
0.813066

y = 7 7 .9 0 - 3 .5 0 x , - 1.82 x 2+ 5.1 8 x3 - 8.18X,2 - 5 .69 x22- 6 .2 4 x32 - 0.90X!X2 - 0 .9 0 x 2x 3
N = 17

Q 2 = 0.975

Cond. no. = 4.9932

DF = 7

R 2 = 0.996

Y -m iss = 0

C onf. level = 0.95

R2 Adj. = 0.991

RSD = 0.9725

Table 3. Analysis of variance
C O D reduction

DF

ss

Total
Constant

17
1

66432.3
64822.1

3907.78
64822.1

Total Corrected
Regression
Residual

16
9
7

1610.22
1603.6
6.62071

100.639
178.178
0.945816

Lack of Fit
(Model Eưor)
Pure Error
(Replicate Error)

5

4.40072

0.880143

2

2.22

1.11

N = 17
DF = 7

Q2 =0.975
R2 = 0.996
R2Adj.= 0.991

MS
(variance)

p

SD

188.385

0.000

10.0319
13.3483
0.972531

0.792923

0.640

0.93816

F

Cond. no. = 4.9932
Y-miss = 0
RSD = 0.9725___

1.05356

277


278

N .D . V in h , N . B in / VNƯ Ịo u r n a l o f S c ie n c e, N a tu r a l S c ie n c e s a n d T e c h n o lo g y 2 3 (2 0 0 7 ) 2 7 5 -2 7 9

CCD redLcton

CCD recLđion

Fig. 1. Dependence of COD reduction on pH and
H20 2 conceirtration when Fe2+ conccntration remains
constant.

Fig. 3. Dependence of COD reduction on Fe2+
concenưation and H20 2 concentration when pH
remains constant.

CCD redudion

The response illustrated dependence of
COD reduction efTiciency on pH, H20 2 and Fe2*
concentration can be formulated as follows:
y=77.90 - 3.50x, - 1.82x2 + 5. 18x 3 - 8.18x,2
- 5.69 x22- 6.24 x32 - 0.90X|X2 - 0.90x2x3

Fig. 2. Dependcnce of COD reduction on pH and
Fc2+ concentration when H20 2concentration remains
constant.

According to the response and the fig. 1 - 3
we can notice that Fe2+ concentration had
greatest iníluence on COD reduction efficiency,
meanwhile H 2O 2 concenừation had smallest
inAuence. From the figures we can also deduce
the optimal zone, the calculated results are
listed in the table 4.

Table 4. Optimal reaction conditions
pH
3.6554
3.6326
3.6532
3.6407
4
4
4

4

H2O2conc.(mM)
8.9843
8.9826
8.9693
8.9901
10
10
10
10

Fe (II) conc. (mg/1)
120.215
120.843
120.47
120.359
120
120
120
120

COD reducúon
79.5149
79.522
79.5159
79.5191
78.9801
78.9801
78.9801

78.9801


N .D . V in h , N . B in / V N U Ị o u r n a l o f S c ie n c e , N a tu r a ỉ S c ie n c e s a n d T e c h n o lo g y 23 (2 0 0 7 ) 2 7 5 -2 7 9

Thereíore we chose the optimal conditions
for
further
studies
as
follows:
Fe2*
concentration o f 120 mg/L, H 2O 2 concentration
o f 10 mM, pH of 4.

279

[3] B. N oroozi, G.A. Sorial, H. Bahrami, M. Arami,
Equilibrium and kinetic adsorption study o f a
cationic dye by a natural adsorbent - Silkworm
pupa, J o u m a l o f H azardous M aterials B I39,
167-174.
[4] p. N igam , G. Arm our, I.M. Banat, D. Singh,
Physical removal o f textile dyes and solid State
íerm entation
o f dye-adsorbed
agricultural
residues, Bioresour. Technoỉ. 72(2000)219.

Conclusion

The planned experiments allowed us to
reduce the number o f experiments and find out
the optimal condition for the Fenton reaction
which is used to degrade the basic blue 41 dye.

[5] M .M . Davila-Jim enez, - M .p. Elizalde-Gonzalez
- A .A . Pelaez-Cid, Adsorption interaction
betvveen natural adsorbents and textile dyes in
aqueous solution, Colỉoids and Surfaces A:
Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 254 (2005) 107-114.
[6] TLP. Dantas, v .p . M endonca, H.J. Josc, A.E.
R odrigues, R.F.P.M . Moreira, Treatm cnt o f
textilc w astew atcr by heterogeneous Fenton
proccss using a new com posite Fe20 3/carbon.

Reĩerences
[1] K. Santhy, p. Selvapathy, Rem oval o f reactivc
dycs from w astew atcr by adsorption on coir pith
activated carbon, B ioresource Technology 97
(2006)1329.
[2] ư .
Bali,
B.
K aragozoglu,
Períorm ance
comparison o f Fenton proccss, íc n ic coagulation
and
H202/pyridine/C u(II)
systcm
for

dccolorization o f Rem azol Turquoisc Blue G133, D yes an d P igm ents, 74 (2007), Iss. 1, 73.

Chemical Engineering Joumal9 118 (2006) Iss.
1-2,77.
[7] A. Duran, J.M . M onteagudo, M. M ohedano
(2006): Neural nctw orks simulation o f photo Fenton degradation o f Reactivc Blue 4. Applied
Caíalysis B: Environm ental 65 (2006) 127.
[8] Standard M ethods f o r Exam ination o f Water and
W astewatery 1995, W ashington, USA.

Nghiên cứu phân hủy phẩm nhuộm basic blue 41
bằng phản ứng Fentơn
Nguyễn Đắc Vinh1, Nguyễn Bin2
'Khoa Hoả học, Trường Đại học Khoa học Tự nhiên, ĐHQGHN
2Khoa Công nghệ Hoá học, Trường Đại học Bách khoa Hà Nội, Đọi c ồ Việt, Hà Nội, Việt Nam

Basic blue 41 là một loại phẩm nhuộm cation rất bền, được sử dụng trong công nghiệp dệt len.
Phản ứng Fentơn thường được sử dụng để phân huỳ các hợp chất bền trong nước thải. Trong công
trình nghiên cứu này chúng tôi đã sử đụng phương pháp qui hoạch thực nghiệm để khảo sát ảnh hưởng
cùa ba yếu tố là pH, nồng độ H20 2, nồng độ Fe2+ tới hiệu suất xử lý COD. Hàm mục tiêu đã được xác
định bằng phương pháp hồi qui, điều kiện tối ưu của phản ứng xác định được bằng thực nghiệm là:
nồng độ Fe2+ là 120 mg/L, nồng độ H20 2 là 10 mM, pH bằng 4.
Keywords: textile wastewater, Fenton reaction.