*,Ô2'&
%Ê,%Ô2%5ẵ7/,
9Ê91ùù2ù&.+2$+&
ũF ùF QụP QD\ E V F
J\ [ìQ [DR FQJ ợQJ NKRD
KF9WKQKWOìQJFX%
WUũQJ4XFSKếQJ ZX*XWWHQEHUJợR
YụQWURQJOXQQWLQV9WKKDLFếQ
J\ FKQ ợQJ KQ Yẽ PW QK NKRD
KFUWQLWLQJSKỵLUíWOLELER
NKRDKFOLQTXDQợQYQợ\ợF
N
1KNKRDKFJLNOFợệO-RDFKLP
%ROGWWXLJLRVũYFKX\QNKRD
J\ P KL VF ãQJ O WF JLỵ FD
NKRỵQJ EL ER NKRD KF WQJ
ợũF PL WKX\W JLỵQJ WL QKLX QũF
ãQJ FQJ WQJ VDQJ 9LW 1DP QệL
FKX\QYJ\PKLVF1KQJFìQJ
WUẽQK QJKLQ FX FD ìQJ ợũF FìQJ
EWUQQKQJWSVDQX\WéQ0ƠX
&KXY$QK
QJKLQ FX FD ìQJ Fệ Y TX vợSw
TXOéWũQJYFLQRFQJSKĩKS
YL JLỵ WKX\W FD ìQJ &ệ QJKLQ
FX FK EQK QKQ QKũQJ G OLX
Fệ Y TX vWUQ WUXw Y ợLX Q\ J\
QJKLQJWURQJợQJQJKLS0WợF
JLỵFDWSVDQ$QHVWKHVLD$QDOJHVLD
FKUD[XKũQJEWEẽQKWKũQJWURQJ
G OLX FK EíW WS VDQ OLQ OF +L <
KF 5KLQHODQG ợ OP VQJ W YQ ợ
6DXợệOQKQJQJKLYQYFREXF
YQJ\WRVOLX1KLXợQJQJKLS
FD ìQJ UW QJF QKLQ ãQJ O QJũL
&ệ WK QệL ợ\ FếQ O PW V WKW EL
WURQJ TX WUẽQK EẽQK GX\W EL ER
&QJ Fệ WK EDQ ELQ WS FKũD FKí
ợQ YQ ợ Q\ QKũ FF EDQ ELQ WS
FDFFWSVDQOQ'ĩVDRợLQDFF
WSVDQQ\FQJSKỵLFKXWUFKQKLP
PWSKQ
7KQKũQJợQJVDXQKQJWKQKWéFK
VQJFKệLợệOPWPỵQJWL7XQYD
TXDPWvOLQPLQKwWSVDQFKX\Q
QJQKJ\PKLVFUDWKìQJFRER
FKéUíWOLELERNKRDKFPìQJ
WQJFìQJE7KìQJFRQ\J\QJF
QKLQ FKR QKQJ DL OP QJKLQ FX \
NKRDELYẽWURQJOFKVNKRDKFFKũD
Fệ PW QK QJKLQ FX QR E UíW OL
QKLXELQKũWK
/éGRUíWOLQKQJFìQJWUẽQKQ\OYẽ
ìQJ ợặ YL SKP \ ợF QJKLP WUQJ
7KHR TQJ ELQ WS $QHVWKHVLD
$QDOJHVLD FìQJ WUẽQK QJKLQ FX FD
%ROGWYợQJQJKLSFìQJEYRQụP
NKìQJ ợũF V SK FKXQ FD
KL ợQJ \ ợF ợD SKũQJ Y FQJ
NKìQJFệVũQJWKXQFDEQKQKQ
7KHRFKXQPFQJ\QD\QJKLQFX
P NKìQJ Fệ V ũQJ WKXQ FD EQK
QKQOPWYLSKP\ợF9ẽOQKQJ
QJKLQFXWUQEQKQKQJ\PKL
VFFSFXQQVYLSKPQ\ợũF
[HPOQJX\KLP
1JRLYQợYLSKP\ợFìQJ%ROGW
FếQEQJKLQJOQJ\WRGOLX0W
VợQJQJKLSQJKLQJQKQJNWTXỵ
KF 'R ợệ QụP FF TXDQ WếD
UDWX\QFRPVDXQ\FKíQJWDELW
QKũ O v1XUHPEHUJ &RGHw JP
FKXQ PF WURQJ QJKLQ FX \ NKRD
7URQJợệFệQJX\QWFũQJWKXQFD
EQKQKQYWX\WợLNKìQJợũFèS
EXFEQKQKQWKDPJLDYRFìQJWUẽQK
QJKLQFXQXKNKìQJPXQFF
QũFWLQWLQQKũ0YƠX&KXWUũF
NKLWKFKLQPWFìQJWUẽQKQJKLQFX
WKẽ FF TX\ WUẽQK Y ợ FũQJ QJKLQ
FXSKỵLợũFPWKLợQJ\ợFSK
FKXQ&FWSVDQ\NKRDVNKìQJEDR
JL FìQJ E QKQJ FìQJ WUẽQK P KL
ợQJ\ợFFKũDWKìQJTXD
FệWWFỵGDQKYQJWLQWLYFWéQK
GPQ.KìQJDLQJKìQJOLYLSKP
QKQJ YQ ợ OQ QKũ Y\ 7X\ QKLQ
FKRợQQD\YQFKũDFệEQJFKQJ
QJ\WRVOLXQKũQJFệEQJFKQJ
ìQJJLỵFKNéFDợQJQJKLSợQS
ELERNKRDKFFKRWSVDQ
&QQệLWKPUQJYQợ\ợFWURQJ
QJKLQ FX \ NKRD O UW TXDQ WUQJ
.KL QLP \ ợF UD ợL W QKQJ QụP
VDX SKLQ WếD 1XUHPEHUJ
NKLQJũLWDWLWOFFEFV1D]LWQJ
OP WKé QJKLP WKF FKW O WUD WQ
EŤQK QKÅQ îŢ OŖ\ QKŅQJ WK×QJ VŪ \
7URQJ OĞFK Vń NKRD KĔF FKòD FÖ DL
SKþLUÝWOĀLTXÄQKLšXEÃLEÄRQKò×QJ
-RDFKLP %ROGW 7UòĸF ×QJ -RQ 'DUVHH
EÄFVĝ
JLNOFELEUíWOL1D\
ìQJ%ROGWJLNOFNKìQJDLGPWKR
Q\ 9ẽ QKQJ YL SKP \ ợF QJKLP
WUQJQKũWKìQJ%ROGWợặEWũFFKF
GDQKJLRVũFDùLKF*LHVVHQãQJ
FQJEEQKYLQVDWKỵLãQJợặWUỵFL
JLUWợWFKRKQKợQJợLQUFD
PẽQK
7URQJNKRDKFWKQKWKRỵQJFệQKQJ
FRQ FX ợHQ QKũQJ ợệ NKìQJ SKỵL O
ợLP \X FD NKRD KF 7KW UD ợệ O
ợLPPQKFDNKRDKF.KRDKFO
PW KRW ợQJ GQ FK Y PLQK EFK
QQFệNKỵQụQJWFKQKVD&KíQJ
WDYQFệWKợWQLPWLQYRNKRDKF
197
6