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Chemical Composition of the Leaf Oil of Evodia
calophylla Guill. from Vietnam
a

b

Nguyên Anh Dũng , Trân Đình Thăng & Nguyên Xuân Dũng

c

a

Faculty of Biology , Vinh University , 182, Le Duan, Vinh, Vietnam

b

Faculty of Chemistry , Vinh University , 182, Le Duan, Vinh, Vietnam

c

Faculty of Chemistry , College of Natural Science, Hanoi National University , 19-Le
Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam

Published online: 09 Dec 2011.
To cite this article: Nguyên Anh Dũng , Trân Đình Thăng & Nguyên Xuân Dũng (2009) Chemical Composition
of the Leaf Oil of Evodia calophylla Guill. from Vietnam, Journal of Essential Oil Research, 21:1, 3-4, DOI:
10.1080/10412905.2009.9700092
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E. calophylla

Chemical Composition of the Leaf Oil of Evodia
calophylla Guill. from Vietnam
˜ Anh Dung,
Nguyˆen
˜
Faculty of Biology, Vinh University, 182- Le Duan, Vinh, Vietnam

Tran
ˆ Ðình Thang,
˘´
Faculty of Chemistry, Vinh University, 182- Le Duan, Vinh, Vietnam

˜ Xuân Dung,*
Nguyˆen
˜

Downloaded by [Heriot-Watt University] at 09:32 06 October 2014

Faculty of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Hanoi National University, 19-Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam

Abstract
The volatile components of the leaf oil of Evodia calophylla Guill. from the Nghean province, Vietnam were
analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-three compounds, comprising 95.2% of the GC profile of the oil were identified.
The three major constituents were a-pinene (9.2%), (Z)-b-ocimene (17.5%) and (E)-b-ocimene (46.6%).
Key Word Index

Evodia calophylla, Rutaceae, essential oil composition, (Z)-b-ocimene, (E)-b-ocimene.

Introduction
The genus Evodia belongs to the family of Rutaceae which
covers 150 genera and perhaps 1500 species found in the
warmer climate. In Vietnam 10 species are found: E. bodinieri Dode, E. calophylla Guill., E. crassifolia Merr., E. lepta
(Spreng.) Merr., E. meliaefolia (Hance) Benth., E. oreophila
Guill., E. pasteuriana A. Chev. ex Guill., E. poilanei Guill., E.
simplicifolia Ridl., and E. sutchuenensis Dode.
Evodia calophylla Guill. is distributed in many places of the
Central Vietnam: Binh Dinh (Quy Nhon), Khanh Hoa (Nha

Trang, Ninh Hoa), Kon Tum (Dac Glay, Kon Plong), Gia Lai
(Mang Yang), Dac Lac (Dac Nong), Lam Dong (Da Lat, Bao
Loc). It has been traditionally used for wound healing, blood
cleansing, as a sudorific and against rheumatism (1).
In the course of the systematic study of Evodia species from
Indochina, mono-, sesquiterpenes and other components of
the leaf oil of E. calophylla from Nghean province, Vietnam
have been investigated.

Experimental
Source: Evodia callophylla (Rutaceae), is a shrub tree that
can grow up to 8–20 m high in Vietnam. Leaves were collected
in Pu Mat National Park, Nghean province. A voucher specimen

(DD7) has been deposited in the Herbarium of the Institute
of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnamese Academy of
Science and Technology.
Fresh leaves were shredded and their oil was obtained by
steam distillation for 3 h at normal pressure, according to the
Vietnamese Pharmacopoeia (2). The yield of the fresh leaf oil
was 0.42%.
GC: About 15 mg of oil, which was dried with anhydrous
sodium sulfate, was dissolved in 1 mL of CH3OH (for spectroscopy or for chromatography).
GC analysis was performed on a HP 6890 Plus Gas chromatograph equipped with a FID and fitted with 25 m x 0.25
mm x 0.25 mm film thickness HP-5MS column. The analytical
conditions were: carrier gas H2 with flow rate 35 cm/s, injector temperature (PTV) 250°C, detector temperature 260°C,
temperature programmed 60°C (2 min hold) to 220°C (10
min hold) at 4°C/min. The relative percentage amounts of the
separated compounds were computed from FID data without
the use of correction factors.

GC/MS: A Hewlett Packard 6890 Plus Chromatograph was
fitted with a similar fused silica HP-5MS capillary column. The
conditions of use were the same as described above with He as
carrier gas, and interface with a mass spectrometer HP 5972
MSD (70 eV). The temperature was programmed as reported
Received: February 2005

*Address for correspondence

Revised: December 2006
1041-2905/09/0001-03$14.00/0­—© 2009 Allured Business Media
Vol. 21, January/February 2009

Accepted: December 2006
Journal of Essential Oil Research/3


Dung
˜
et al.

Table I. Percentage composition of the leaf oil of Evodia
calophylla from Vietnam
Compound

RI

Downloaded by [Heriot-Watt University] at 09:32 06 October 2014

a-pinene

939
camphene
953
sabinene
976
b-pinene
980
myrcene
990
a-phellandrene
1006
limonene
1032
1,8-cineole
1034
1042
(Z)-b-ocimene
1053
(E)-b-ocimene
2-nonanone
1092
linalool
1100
allo-ocimene*
trans-piperitol
1207
citronellyl acetate
1356
a-copaene

1378
b-bourbonene
1385
b-elemene
1391
b-caryophyllene
1419
(Z)-b-farnesene
1444
a-humulene
1454
allo-aromadendrene
1460
germacrene D
1480
bicyclogermacrene
1494
germacrene A
1503
(E,E)-a-farnesene
1509
d-cadinene
1525
nerolidol*
caryophyllene oxide
1581
isospathulenol
1628
a-muurolol
1645

patchouli alcohol
1659
farnesol*
trace <
_ 0.1%; * correct isomer not identified.

4/Journal of Essential Oil Research

% FID
9.2
trace
trace
0.2
3.4
0.1
4.1
trace
17.5
46.6
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.3
trace
0.1
0.2
3.6
3.4
trace
trace

0.1
0.4
2.0
0.3
0.2
trace
0.8
0.5
0.23
0.38
0.12
0.69

above. Component identification was carried out by comparing
MS data with those reported in the Wiley Library on Chemstation
HP, and in some cases substances identified from oils known
composition and also with standard substances (3–7).

Results and Discussion
With our best knowledge there are no previous reports on
the chemical composition of the oil of E. calophylla.
The compounds detected in the leaf oil of E. calophylla
from Vietnam are listed in Table I. It can be seen that there
were nearly equal amount of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The three major compounds of the oil were a-pinene
(9.2 %), (Z)-b-ocimene (17.5%) and (E)-b-ocimene (46.6%).
Other less prominant compounds were myrcene (3.4%),
limonene (4.1%), b-elemene (3.6%), b-caryophyllene (3.4%)
and bicyclogermacrene (2.0%). The other usually encountered
monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were present in amounts
of from 0.1% to 0.8%.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Vu Xuan Phuong, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnamese Academy of Science and
Technology for confirmation of the plant identity and Pu Mat National
Park for help to collect samples.
References
1. N.T. Ban (Ed.), Checklist of Plant Species of Vietnam. Agricultural Publishing
House, Hanoi, Vietnam (2003).
2. Vietnamese Pharmacopoeia. Medical Publishing House, Hanoi, Vietnam
(1997).
3. S.R. Heller and G.W.A. Milne, EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Data Base. U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1978,1980,1983).
4. E. Stenhagen, S. Abrahamsson and F.W. McLafferty, Registry of Mass
Spectral Data. Wiley, New York, NY (1974).
5. A. Swigar and R.M. Siverstein, Monoterpenens. Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI
(1981).
6. R.P. Adams, Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas
Chromatography/Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Allured Publ. Corp.,
Carol Stream, IL (2001).
7. D. Joulain and W.A. Koenig, The Atlas of Spectral Data of Sesquiterpene
Hydrocarbons. E.B. Verlag, Hamburg, Germany (1998).
8. N.X. Dung, P.H. Ngoc, D.D. Rang, N.T. Nhan, N.Klinkby and P.A. Leclercq,
Chemical Composition of the Volatile Concentrate from the Flowers of
Vietnamese Alstonia scholaris (L.) R., Br., Apocynaceae. J. Essent. Oil
Res., 13, 424–426 (2001).

Vol. 21, January/February 2009