DSpace at VNU: Main results of international cooperative research in the study of plant diversity in VietNam, 1993-2002

VNU JOURNAL 0F SCIENCE. Ni.l1 . Sci & Tech

T XIX N04. 2003

M AIN R K SU LTS OF IN T E R N A T IO N A L C O O PE R A T IV E R ESEARCH
IN T H E ST U D Y O F P IA N T D ĨV E R SIT Y IN V IE T N A M , 1993-2002
J a c i n t o K e g a la d o J r .
Xlisstỉuri ỉiota n ica i (ỉarden, St. Louis, M issouri
D a n ie l K. H a r d c r
A rboretum . Ih ìircrsitx o f ('cilifornỉa, S a n ta Cruz, C alifornia
N g u y ên TÌC‘ 11 H iep , N g u y e n T h i T h a n h H u o n g
In stitu te ()/' Ecology Ả’ Biological Resources , N C S T
L e o n id V. A v e ry a n o v
K om arov B otnnical Ìn stìtư tv u f the R u ssia n A cadem y o f Sciences
P h a n Ke Loc
College o f N a tu ra l Sciences, V N U H anoi
In stitu te o f Ecology & B iological Resources. N C S T
A b s t r a c t . G re a t p ro g rt* » in b o ta n icỉkl e x p lo ra tio n s and s c ie n tiíĩc ìn v e s tìg a tio n s in th e
fĩe !d <>f p la n t dive rsitN

in V ie tn a m d u r in g past decade (1993-2002) h a ve re s u ỉte d in

n u m iT o u * Iìi?w ta x a a n d novv a d d itio n s to th e ílo ra ()f V ic tn a m

T h e c o lla b o ra tív e e íĩo rts

o f thi* Vtetnam B otanical C onsenation Program . a s c ie n tiíìc c o o p e ra tio n betw een th e
In s titu tt* o f Ecology and

H iolo gica l

Resources (IK B R ), V ie tn a m

and

th e

M is s o u ri

B o ta n ic iìl G a rd e n (M B G ). U .S.A. an d o f m a n y o th e r p ro g ra m s , in c lu d in g th o Program o f

the Basic Research in Natural Sciences. Vietnam and thi* Flura ofVietnam prọịect, have
contributed to the revitalization of plant diversity research in Vietn*m. In the past
decade a lo n e (1993-2002). m o re th a n tw o h u n d re d new ta x a . in c ỉu d in g th ir te e n genera.
o f h ig h e r v a s c u la r p l.in ts ha ve be en described

77 new records o f p la n ts ha ve been

similarly documented. Thest* íìndingrt nccounted for a remarkable 3% increase in the
tlo ra

S ÌK iiiíìc a n t g a in s in

n u m b e rs o f new

M vrsinnceac*. Araceae. an d K u p h o rb ia ce n e

ta x a

vvere m ade

in

th e

O rchidaceae .

T h e m ost sp e c ta c u la r d isco ve rie s a re th e

n e w Ken 118 a nd species o f c o n ife r iXanthỉtcyparis vietnam cnsis ), new ge n u s a n d species
o f fe rn (Caohangia squam ata), an d tw o new genera a nd species o f o rc h id s (Vietorchis

aurea a n d Zeuxinella n ctnam íca). T h í* V ie tn a m G olden C yp re ss is th e ío u rth new
c o n iíe r genus describecỉ since 1948 w h ilc Caobangta 18 one o f tw o ft»rn g e n e ra re c c n tly
d e scrib e d ; th e la s t new tVrn penera w ert* ciescribed in th e la te 1960s. M o s t o f new taxtt

;ind new records for the ílora of Vietnam. were ĩound in norlhernmost limestone areas
a n d on h ig h g ra n ite m o u n ta in s .

1.

In tro d u rtio n

V ietnam is ranked as one of th e most biologically diverse countries in the
vvorlđ and is vvidely recognized to have a globally signiíìcant proportion of rare and
enđemic species of p lan ts and anim als. A num ber of prelim inary estim ates ()f the
flor;ì (Nguyên Nghia Thin. 1997; Phan Ke Loc, 1998; Thai Van T rung, 2000 ) offer
figures of about 9600 native species of higher vascular p lants in Vietnam. In
addition, ahout 750 cultivated specics occur in Vietnam. An e stim a te of at least
2400 additioníil specics is expected to be discoverecl and added to the flora. The

63


64

'ỉ a c i n t o R e g a la d o J r., D a n ie l K. H a r d e r , N g u y en T ie n H ie p ...

total n u m b er of native species of higher vascular plants known in Vietnam for the
ti me being is about 9,628 species in 2, 010 genera and 291 families (Phan Ke Loc,
1998). T his is a rem ark ab ly divẹrse flora for a relatively sm all country like
V ietnam . The ten largest families in this flora are Orchidaceae (897 species)
(Averyanov & Averyanova, 2003), Pabaceae s.l. (557), Poaceae (467), E uphorbiaceae
(416), Rubiaceae (395), C yperaceae (304), A steraceae (291), L auraceae (245),
Pagaceae (211) and A canthaceae (177) (Phan Ke Loc, 1998).
The flora of V ietnam is not only large, but also rich in endemic species, adding
to its significance. The proportion of endemics has been variously recorded, ranging
from 20 percent (Pocs Tomas, 1965) to as high as 27.7 percent (Thai van Trung,
2000). A more conservative estim ate suggests th a t about 10% of species and 3% of
genera in th is flora are endemic to Vietnam (Vo Quy, 1995). Among 291 vascular
plant íam ilies reported for Vietnam . the highest levels of endem ism are observed in
the íam ilies A canthaceae, Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Araceae,
Arecaceae, Asclepiadaceae. C elastraceae, Ericaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fagaceae,
M yrsinaceae, Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, Symplocaceae, Theaceae and
Zingiberaceae (Schmid, 1974; T a k h tajan , 1986; Rundel, 1999). A recent inventory of
th e orchid species in V ietnam places endemicity of th e family at 20% (Averyanov &
Averyanova, 2003).
2. P r e v i o u s s t u d ỉ e s o n t h e f l o r a o f V ie tn a m
O ur u n d e rs ta n d in g of the flora of Viet Nam, albeit incomplete, is a ttrib u te d to
several fu n d am en tal taxonomic publications, such as "Klora Cochinchinensis"
(Loureiro, 1790, 1793), ”Flore Gộnộrale de r Indo-Chine” (Lecomte & H um bert

(eds.), 1907-1951), "Klore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Viet-Nam" (Aubrộville, Leroy
& M orat (eds.), 1960-2001), "An illustrated flora of V ietnam " (Pham Hoang Ho.
1991-1993, 1999-2000), "Vascular plant synopsis of V ietnam ese fIora" (Averyanov,
et al.. 1990, 1996) and a n u m b e r of large recent Horistic an d taxonomic studies.
A nalyses of th e svstem atic stru c tu re of the flora have been done by Phan Ke Loc
(1998) and Le T ran C han (1999).
Tho flora of V ietnam is being vvritten. in French, as p a r t of the regional ílora
FIore d u C am bodge, du L aos et du V iet N a m , but the progress h as been slow. From
1960*2001, it has published seventy-four faniilies, which comprised only 26%
(74/291) of tho total n u m b er of íam ilies in Vietnam. Most major groups have not
been revised, including Acanthaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaccae, Euphorbiacae,
Kricaceae, Kagaceae, Lamiaceae. Lauraceae, Moraceae, Orchidaceae, Poaceae,
Pteridophyta, Hubiaceae, Urticaceae, and Zingiberaceae.
P erh ap s Loureiro g athered the íirst collections of h erb ariu m specimens in
V ietnam beíore 1790. Mostly French collectors, such as Balansa, Chevalier,
E b erh ard t. H arm and, Pộtelot, Pierre, Schmiđ, ThoreK Vidal, and especially Poilane,
collected a m ajority of the e x tan t specimens during the íirst four decades of th e past
century. E stim ates of th e num b er of collections made by these botanists is around
75.000 with a majoritv of the specimens deposited in th e herbarium a t the


M a irt re s u ỉts o f i n t c n t u t ì n n a ỉ
Laboratoiri/ (it* PhanọroỊMmu*. Musộunì National (1’Histoire Niiturtílk* in p.iris (ỉ*)
and scv rral thousaiầíls (luplh lU*1- kopt in H erharia of Institutí* of Tropical liiology,
NCST in Ho Chi Minh <’ii\ (ỈỈM) cind the D epartm ent ot Bot.any of tho Vietnnm
National lJnivi»rsity in Híinoi (HNƯ).
3. I n t e r n a t i o n a l c o o p e r a t i v o a c t i v i t i e s
Afu*r 19-ỉ"). Yietnam has ỉíuen rarkéci hy conỉinuous w arfare. T here has bcrn
littlr botanieal exploration in the country since the French colonial times. Atti T the

sweeping economic rrtnrm s in the 19S)0s Vietnamese botanists ha ve sought larger
fort*ign trrhnical assist;mce and have mo re actively collaborated vviih th(*ir
collragues abroad in the stiuiy of V ie tn a m s flora. In te rn a tio n a l cooperative
agreem ents vvere mađe with tho follo\ving institutions: Missouri Botanical G arden
(U .s A.). Komarov Botanical Instituti.* (Kussia), Royal Botanic (ìarcỉons, Kew (U.K.).
N ational H erbarium of Nevv South VVales (Australia). Singapore Botanic (ỉa rd e n s
(Sin ga por V). Kun m i n g Bo ta n ica I III s ti t u te (c hi n a), a n d w it h i n t e r n a t ion a I
conservation o rg a n i/a tio n s vvorking in Vietnam, namely. In tern atio n al Union íor
tho C o n s e rv a tio n

of’ N a t i ằ ì v ( Ĩ U C N ) .

VVor lđ VVildliíV* P u n d f o r N a t u r e

(WVVF), a n d

the Kauna and Klora International (FFI).
3 .1 . M B G -IE B R V ie tn a m b o ta n ic a l c o n s e r v a tio n p r o g r a m

The Missuuri Botanieal Gnrđen (MBG) has collaborated vvith the In s titu te of
Kcoiogv and Biological Resources (IKBR) since 1994» when the two in stitu tio n s
signed a M em orandum of ư n d e rsta n đ in g for m utual scientifỉc eooperation. Several
MIUi botanists bogaiì coiltìcting in Vietnam aítcr 1994, and in 1998 th e Missouri
Itotaniial (iarđen and the American Museum of N atural History receiveđ a grant
í rom the National Science Kouncỉation to inventory the ílora and ía u n a of
th m ite n c d protectod areas in Vietnam. 1n 1999. the Missouri lìótanical (íarden
('stablishod an olTirr in Hanoi and hẹgan to collaborate with scientific in stitu tio n s
and ronsurvat ion agencies in a Vietnaiĩi Botanical Conservation Program. The
collỉibnmtintf partni.Ts in tiu* program now inciudẹ the lnstituti* M ateria Mcđicíi
(IMM). the D epartm ent of lỉutany of thi' Vietnam N ational U niversity, Hanoi

(VNƯ). and the Forest Inventory and Planning In stitu te (FIPI). Thè program is
currcntly carrving out an integrated project involving elem ents of botanical
research in p lan t diversity, training, and conservation un d er a g ra n t from the
Henrv I.uce Foundation. Tlìis m ulti-tiered train in g program provides hands-on
training in botanical rield collccting, d ata recording. plant identiíication. and
curatorinl techniques for park rangors emploved in protẹcted a re a s and national
parks, technical staff m em bers <)f p a rtn e r institutions. and uạiv ersitv stu d en ts.
3.2. B a s ic r e s e a r c h in n a t u r a l s c ie n c e s , V ie tn a m

There are somo g ran ts for the investigation of th re a te n e d cycads and
coniíers of Vietnam, and for the stud\' of plant diversity of some protected a re a s and
national parks.


J a c ỉ n t o R e g a ỉa d o J r . f D a n ie l K. H a r d e r , N g u y e n Tien H ie p ...

3.3. Flora o f Vietnam project
Recently the first four volumes: Annonaceae (Nguyen Tien Ban, 2000),
L am iaceae (Vu Xuan Phuong, 2000 ). Cyperaceae (Nguyen Khac Khoi, 2002), a n d
M yrsinaceae (Tran Thi Kim Lien, 2002 ) have becn published. D uring the
p rep aratio n of these volumes and for the forthcoming ones, m any of the specimens
collected by V ietnam Botanical C onservation Program have been studied and cited.
4. S c i e n t i í i c c o n t r i b u t i o n s o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o o p e r a t i v e r c s e a c h

4.1. New herbarium collections
T he In te rn a tio n a l cooperative researeh activities have generated new
specim ens using modern d ata collection methods and have co n trib u ted signiíicantly
to our knowledge of the rich flora of Vietnam. Over the past ten years, in tern atio n al
botanical team s conducted surveys in 80 sites in 22 provinces. More th an 15,700
collection nu m b ers vvith about 78,500 duplicate specimens were collected. Main part

of collections have been kept in the H erbarium of th e I n s tit u te of Ecology and
Biological Resources (HN), other duplicates were d istrib u te d to vvell knovvn
botanical in stitu tio n s in the United S ta te s (MO). Russia (LE), etc.

4.2. Increased publications a n d inform ation dissem in ation
A survey of the botanical literatu re, using the Online version of the Kew

Records of Taxonomic Literature ( />showed a d ram atic increase in the num ber of publications on th e V ietnam flora in
m id-1990’s w hen the International cooperative activities took place (Figure),
35
30
^
I 25
0
1 20
a.
o 15
Qỉ

1

J 8
1 1
I I

I
1

u ^ r ^ ơ ^ T - c ọ i n N . Ợ ) ’« - c o i n h - a > T r “

r

-

r

-

r

*

r

-

T

"

T

"

r

“

T

-

T

-

T

-

r

*

T—

( NJ

Yéar

F igure 1. Rate of publications on Vietnam flora from 1975-2002.


M a i n r e s u lts o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o o p e ra tỉv e re search in th e ...

67

4.3. ỉm proved rescarch capacitv o f Vietnamese ỉnstitutions
As p a rt of the goal of improving the research capacity of botanical in stitu tiò n s
in V ietnam , th<* cooperative projects have purchased herbarium equipm ent and

supplies. such as herbarium cases, plant presses and dryers, dissecting scopes, air
conditioners, and com puters. A reĩerence library has been created by pu rch asin g
•ỉticl donating books and photocopving journal articles. In order to improve tho
teehnical capacitv, SOĨÌH* j u n io r scÌLMitist-s have been able to a t t e n d t r a i n i n g c o u rs e s
hcld in K unm in^ ((Mìinỉi) and Singapore and to pursue g ra d u a te stucỉies in St.
Petersburg (Russia) and St. Louis (U.S.A.).

4.4 . C ontributed to biodiversity conserưation stra teg ies in V ietnam
Botanical research h as provided primary, up-to-date, and tru stw o rth y d ata
that íormed the scientific hasis for the conservation efforts of rare and en d an g ered
plant species in Vietnam. New plant discoveries have been used as a basis for in
situ conservation in n a tu re reserves w here these p la n ts have been found. Among
the notable exam ples of these are in Bat Dai Son (set aside for thí* protection of
conifer and orchid species, particularly th e new coniíer, X a n th o c y p a ris
v ie tn a m e n sìs), in Van Ban* Lao Cai (vvhere T a iiva n ia c ryp to m erio id es was íìrst
recorded in Vietnam), and in Halong Bay Worlđ Heritage Si te (Cycas iropophylla ,
L iv isto n a h a lo n g en sis and several new species for Science). The scientiíic d a ta were
also usecỉ to evaluat .0 the conservation statu s of many th re a tc n e d taxa in Vietnam
and to supplem ent the Red Data Book of V ietnam for plants. Finally, botanical
research has providữd new information for th e Appendix for CITES, Decision of
G overnment related to th reaten ed species th at are essential in order to effectively
control in te rn a tio n a l trad e conforming to CITES and to im plem ent stra te g ie s for
the su stain ab le u tili/atio n of plant diversity in Vietnani.

4.5. Neiv discoveries
Only a few of collected specimens was thoroughly studied but the
In tern a tio n al cooperative efforts have r esu lte d in n u m e r o u s a nd e x citing p l a n t
discoveries. T hirteen new genera (Table 1 ) and 216 new species were described from
1993-2003, including 77 new recorđs for the flora of Vietnam . Two families,
N artheciaceae and Coriariaceae, were found new to V ietnam ílora (Regalado, et a l.t

2003). These discoveries added 293 species to the flora of V ietnam , co n trib u tin g to
3% (293/10,000) increase in the flora (Table 2). Signiíicant gains in n um bers of new
taxa were m ade in the Orchidaceae (63 species), M yrsinaceae (34 species), A raceae
(27 species), and Euphorbiaceae (15 species). Detailed lists of all new taxa for
Science and/or new điscoveries for the flora of V ietnam taxa and related lite r a tu re
ha ve been published (Regalado. et a/.. 2003).


J a c in to R egalado Jr., D aniel K. H arder, N guyen Tien H ie p ...

68

T a b le 1. Nevv genera for Vietnam descrihed from 1993*2003.
F a m ily
Orchidaceae

G enus
Zeuxinella Aver.

Orchidaceae

Vietorchis Aver. & Averyanova

Polypodiaceae
Cupressaceae
Araliaceae
Rubiaceae

Caobangia A.R. Sm. & x .c . Zhang
Xanthocyparis A. Farjon & T.H.

Nguyen
M etapanax J. w e n & D.G. Frodin
R ubouietnam ia D.D. Tirvengadum

Rubiaceae

V idalasỉa D.D. Tirvengadum

Rubiaceae

Fosbergia D.D. Tirvengadum & c.
Sastre
D istichochlam ys M.F. Newman

Zingiberaceae
Araliaceae
Asclepiadacea
e
Poaceae

Orchidaceae

G rushviizkya N.T. Skvortsova &
L.v. Averyanov
Vietnamia P.T. Li
Vieinam ochloa J.F. Veldkamp & R.
Nowack
C hristensonia J.R. Haager

P la c e o f P u b li c a ti o n

Updated checklist of the orchids
of Vietnam, p. 96. Vietnam
National ưniversity Publishing
House, Hanoi (2003)
Updated checklist of the orchids
of Vietnam, p. 92. Vietnam
National University Publishing
House. Hanoi (2003)
Novon 12(4): 546*550 (2002)
Novon 12(2): 179-189 (2002)
Brittonia 53(1):
Biogeographica
(1998)
Biogeographica
(1998)
Biogeographica

117 (20 01 )
74(4): 166
74(4): 164
73(2): 88 (1997)

Edinburgh J. Bot. 52(1): 65
(1995)
Bot. Zurn. (Leningrad) 79(7):
108(1994)
J. s. China Agric. Univ. 15(4):
72(1994)
Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B?
Adansonia, Sér. 4, 16(2-4): 214

(1994)
Orchid Dig. 57(1): 40 (1993)

T a b le 2. Sum m ary of discoveries for Vietnam flora.
New
species
Ferns
Cycads
Coniíers
Dicots
Monocots

1
1
1
106
107

Total:

216

New
species
records
10
8
5
12
42

77

T he most spectacular findings are the new genera and species of a cupressoiđ
conifer. X a n th o c y p a ris ư ietn a m e n sis (Farjon, e t al., 2002) a n d polypodiaceous fern.


\ f a i n r c s u lt s o f i n t e r n a t i o n u l c o o p c r a tir e re search in the..

69

{'aobuniỊÌci sq u a m a tu (Smith & Xh.mự. 2002). Tho Vietnam (ìoldt ‘ 11 Cvprvss is the
(ourth new rnnilcT (loscribiHl sinre l!MS. The imusuíìl coniíer henrs both juvenile
íK'i»(llr and nìỉiture scaU' lcaves on thc* sa me branches (>f ma tun* trees. This species
closrlv resoml)lí‘s ĩh r Nootkii ( ’yprrs> ịC ham aecvparis n o o tka tcn sis = X a n th o c y p a ris
nootkatensis) ot Wí*strrn North America, reílecting ancient links h(»tween e a ste rn
Asiíì and vvestiTn North America Oi) the other hand, C aobangia is OIU* of two fern
genera recontlv (lesm hed. The (liscovery of a nevv genus of fern is an uncommon
cvent. Q uite m T iìtly . a IH'\V fern genus was described from Korea in 2001 hut
prrvious to thíit, thi' Itìst such Iìt»w gt*ni»ra vvere describecl in the late 19fỉ0’s.

R esults (>f tln* studv havc proven th a t the plant điversity in thí* limestone
areas of the northern Vietnam is very nch and diverse, but is far from known vet. A
lot o f nevv t a x a lồ r S cien ce a n d / o r n e w d i s c o v e r ie s fo r t h e flo ra o f V i e t n a m vvere

(ồund therc. There art‘ genera new for Science, such as the fern £enus Caobangia.
the t’(»nifer ^IMUIS Xanthocyparis. tvvo orchid genera Vietorchis and Zeuxinella.
(ỉrushvitzkya ()f the tamily Araliaecne, and some other ones, and se ve ra 1 species
n e w fo r S cien ce, s u c h MS t h e fc»rn s p r c i e s C a o b a n g i a s q u a m a ta . t h e c o niíV r s p e c ie s
X a n th o c v p a ris cictnarnensis. and A m v n to ta x u s h a tu y c n e n s is , mo re th a n fifty new
oivhiđ species. t'specially slipper orrhids (Paphiopedilum h a n g ia n u m , p. helenae, p.

herrm annii, p. tranlienianum , and p. vietnam ense), etc, vverc* found there
(Rcgalado, et a l.% 2003).
New (liscoveries for the ílora of V ietnam are tvvo
angiosperni familios Coriariaceae and Nartheciaceae, one fern genus A nogram m a,
OIH* coniíerous genus Pseudotsuga, some angiosperm genera as Aletris, A nredera,
Coriaria, G arđneria, a lot C)f species such as 4 fern species, 3 coniferous species
iP seudotsuga b rvvifo lia . Keteleeria d a v id ia n a , and Tsuga c h in e n sis), 5 slipper
orchid species (P aphiopedilum barbigerum , p. d ia n th u m , p. m ie r a n th u m , p.
h e n ry a n u m , and p. m alipoense) and many other orchid species, etc. These limestone
areas ha vo M out ()f 18 slipper orchicl species of Vietnam, and are most im p o rtan t
eenters of diversity of the slipper genus in general. N early two th ird of knovvn in
V irtnam coniliTous speoies (21 out ()f 33 species) is found also here. H ah itats of
most citcd genera íầiìd species are coniíerous P seu d o tsu g a b revifolia forest on the
ridges and tops of subm ontane m ountains. and broad-leaved B u rre tio d e n d ro n
hsienm u forest on slopes of lowland m ountains.
5. C o n c l u s i o n s
The present knowledge of the plant diversity in V ietnam reveals th a t the flora
is verv rich but far from being completely understood. Many new tax a are still
vvaiting to be discovered. Botanical explorations in m o untainous regions,
particularly along w estern and northern border areas of V ietnam , are expected to
yield more interesting and im portant additions to the flora. However. with the
rapid e n v iro n m e n ta l d e g ra d a tio n a s a re s u lt of the c o u n try 's o p e n in g of an
international markot oconomy, it is a race ag ain st ti me to find and docum ent these
species. In order to accomplish this. international cooperation h as to he expanded
and the collection of herbariitm >pecimens miist be accelerated.


ư a c in to R e g a la d o J r ., D a n ie l K. H a r d e r , N g u y ê n T ie n H ie p ..

70

A c k n o w l e d g m e n ts . Pield work and laboratory stu d ies t h a t re su lte d in a
n u m b e r of exciting botanical discoveries vvhich are su m m arized in th is paper were
íunded bv various g ra n ts from th e following sources for which we give thanks: U.S.
N ational Geographic Society (grants #5094-93, 5803-96, 6300-98, 6383-98, 6733-00),
U.S. N ational Science Foundation (grant # DEIi-9870231), P au n a and Flora
In tern atio n a l. American Orchid Society, San Diego C ounty O rchid Society
C onservation Comm ittee, the Henry Luce Poundation, and th e Basic Research in
N a tu ra l Sciences Program (grant # 6 . 1 1 0 .0 1 ).
L it e r a tu r e c ite d
1.

Aubréville, A.. Leroy, J.F., Morat, Ph. (eds.). Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du VietN a m . Fasc. 1 '30. P a r is . 1 9 6 0 *2 0 0 1 .

2.

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TAP CHÍ KHOA HỌC DHQGHN, KHTN & CN, T XIX. N04, 2003________

NHỮNG KẾT QUẢ ( ' HỦ YẾU CỦA VIỆC H ộ p TÁC N G H IÊ N c ứ u Q UỐ C T Ế
VỂ TÍN H ĐA DẠN(Ỉ T H ự C VẬT ớ VIỆT NAM, GIAI ĐOẠN 1993-2002
J a c i n t o R e g a la d o J r .
Vườn th ự c vật M itxuri, Hoa Kỳ

D a n i e l K. H a r d e r

Vườn cá Vgỗ, Trường Dại học Califóocnia, Xanta Cruz, Califỏocnia, Hoa Kỳ
Nguyền Tiên Hiệp, Nguvẻn Thi Thanh Hưcmg
Viện S in h thái và Tái nguyên sinh vật , Trung tâm Khoa học tự nhiên và Công
n g h ệ Quốc g ia

Leonid V. Averyanov
V iện th ự c v ậ t học C ôm arôp, Viện H à n lâ m k h o a học N g a

Phan Kẻ Lộc
Trường Đ ọi học K hoa học tự nhiêny Dại học quốc g ia Hà N ội
V iệ n S i n h t h a i va T à i n g u y ê n s in h v ậ t , T T K H T N & C N Q G

Những nỏ lực hợp tác quốc té cùa C hương trìn h báo tổn th ự c v ậ t V iệt N a m .
một chương trìn h hợp tác khoa học giữa Viện Sinh thái và Tài nguyên sinh vật, Việt
Nam với Vưòn thực vật M itxuri. Hoa Kỳ và cúa nhiều chương trin h khác, tro n g đó
có C hương trin h nghiên cửu cơ b à n trong khoa học tự n hiên và để án T h ự c v ậ t c h í ,
Việt Nam đã góp phẩn thúc đấy m ạn h mẽ những nghiên cứu đa d ạ n g thực vật ờ Việt


72

Jacinto Regalado Jr.9 Daniel K. Harder, Nguyên Tien Hiep..

Nam. Chỉ trong 10 năm qua (1993-2002) hdn 200 taxôn Thực v ậ t bộc cao có mạch
mới cho khoa học đà được mô tả, trong đó có 12 chi. Ngoài ra đâ bô sung cho hệ thực
v ật Việt Nam 77 loài khác.
N hửng nỗ lực hợp tác quốc tế của C hương trìn h bảo tồn thự c vậ t Việt N a m ,
một chương trìn h hợp tác khoa học giữa Viện Sinh th ái và Tài nguyên sinh vật, Việt
Nam với Vườn thực vật Mítxuri, Hoa Kỳ và của nhiều chương trìn h khác, trong đó
có C hương trin h n g h iê n cứu cơ bán trong khoa học tự n h iên v à đ ể á n T h ự c vậ t c h í ,
Việt Nam đà góp phần thúc đây m ạnh mẻ những nghiên cứu đa dạng thực v ật ở Việt
Nam. Chi trong 10 nâm qua (1993-2002) hdn 200 taxôn Thực v ật bậc cao có mạch
mới cho khoa học đà được mỏ tá. trong đó cỏ 12 chi. Ngoài ra đã bỏ sung cho hệ thực
vật Việt Nam 77 loài khác. Những phát hiện mới dó đả n ân g tống số loài biết được
của hệ thực vật Việt Nam lên 3 %. Nhiều taxôn mới cho khoa học tìm th ấy trong các
họ Lan O rchidaceae (63 loài), Đơn nem M yrsinaceae (34 loài), Ráy Araceae (27 loài),
và T hầu dầu E uphorbiaceae (15 loài). Những ph át hiện mới nổi bật n h ấ t là chi và
loài B ách và n g X a n th o c ỵ p a ris vie tn a m en sis, chi và loài R á n g vẩy cao bang
C aobangia s q u a m a ta và 2 chi Lan việt Vietorchis và Zeuxinella. Bách vàng là chi
Thông th ứ 4 của thê giới được mô tả từ 1948 cho đến nay, còn Ráng vày cao bằng là
chi Ráng th ứ hai của th ê giới được mò tả từ 1960 cho đến nay. R ất nhiều p h át hiện

mới được phi n h ận ỏ vùng núi đá vỏi thuộc đai núi th ấp rộng lớn của hắc Việt Nam
và ở vùng núi đố g ra n ít thuộc dai núi tru n g bình khắp cả nước. Riêng vùng núi đá
vôi kể trôn là tr u n g tâm đa dọng cao nhâ't của chi Lan hài Paphiopedilum , là nơi có
nhiều loài của lóp Thông n h ất của Việt Nam và là nơi có n h i ề u loài đặc hữu hẹp