Language focus - unit4

Bài 3 : THỂ THỤ ĐỘNG
(THE PASSIVE VOICE)
* Thể chủ động (active voice) là cách đặt câu mà chủ từ đóng vai trò chủ động.
- Mr. Brown wrote the report yesterday.
- He has already finished his homework.
* Thể thụ động (passive voice) là cách đặt câu mà chủ từ đóng vai trò bò động.
- That house was built 100 years ago.
- Those windows are painted blue.
 Passive sentence : S + be + past participle
1/ Hãy quan sát ví dụ sau :
* Active : Tom brokethe chair yesterday.
S V O
* Passive : The chair was broken by Tom yesterday.
S be + P.P by doer
2/ Ghi nhớ: Cách đổi một câu từ active sang passive :
* Lấy túc từ (O) trong câu chủ động xuống làm chủ từ (S) trong câu thụ động.
* Nhận xét xem động từ chia trong câu chủ động ở thì nào, ta chia TO BE ở thì
đó rồi viết động từ chính ở dạng quá khứ phân từ (p.p).
* Lấy chủ từ (S) trong câu chủ động xuống làm doer trong câu thụ động, nhớ
viết BY ngay đằng trước.
* Trạng từ giữ nguyên không đổi và thường đặt cuối câu (nếu là trạng từ chỉ thời
gian).
3/ Một vài ví dụ khác :
+ (a) simple present : [Subject+ am / is / are + P.P ]
- Mr.Green teaches history.
 History is taught by Mr.Green.
+ (b) present perfect : [ S + has / have + been + p.p ]
- He has just done his homework.
 His homework has just been done by him.
+ (c) present continuous : [ S + am / is / are / + being + p.p]

- She is cleaning the windows.
 The windows are being cleaned by her.
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+ (d) simple past : [ S + was / were + p.p]
- The boss sacked ten workers.
 Ten workers were sacked by the boss.
+ (e) past perfect : [ S + had been + p.p]
- Mary had written the letter.
 The letter had been written by Mary.
+ (f) Past continuous : [ S + was / were + being + p.p]
- The police were questioning Tom.
 Tom was being questioned by the police.
+ (g) simple future: [ S + will / shall + be + p.p]
- John will deliver the letter.
 The letter will be delivered by John.
+ (h) Modal verbs : [ S + must / can / may … + be + p.p]
- He must do it right now.
 It must be done by him right now.
+ (i) special structures : [ S + is / are going to + be + p.p]
- The engineers are going to build the bridge.
 The bridge is going to be built by the engineers.
(… còn áp dụng với các cấu trúc khác như : have to, had to, used to, ought to …)
+ (j) 2 objects :
- They gave me a present yesterday.
 I was given a present yesterday(by them).
 A present was given to me yesterday(by them).
(Nếu sau BY là them / people / someone / somebody…ta có thể bỏ đi)
+ (k) perception verb with bare infinitive : [ S + be – p.p + to inf ]
- I never hear him shout at his children.

 He is never heard to shout at his children.
+ (l) perception verb with present partciple : [ S + be – p.p + V-ing ]
- I saw the boy coming into the room.
 The boy was seen coming into the room.
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+ (m) With ‘make’ : [ S + be – made + to inf ]
- They made me do it.
 I was made to do it.
+ (n) With ‘let’ : [ S + be – let + bare inf ]
- They let him do it.
 He was let do it.
+ (o) With ‘begin or start’: [ S + begin / start + to be + p.p ]
- They began to build the house in 1980.
 The house began to be built in 1980.
+ (p) With “say, report, rumour…’:
- People say that prevention is better than cure.
 It is said that prevention is better than cure.
 Prevention is said to be better than cure. (…cách đổi này được áp dụng
cho các động từ như: SAY, REPORT, THINK, BELIEVE, RUMOUR…)
+ (q) câu mệnh lệnh : [ Let + O + be – p.p ]
- Open the door, please.
 Let the door be opened, please.
EXERCISE I : Supply the correct tense and voice.
1/ Everyone (shock) … was shocked … by the news yesterday.
2/ Almost everyone (enjoy)… enjoyed … the lecture last night.
3/ English (speak) _________ all over the world.
4/ A terrible accident (happen) _________ right here at 6 o’clock last night.
5/ Mr. Smith (teach) _________ at this university since 1985.
6/ Not much (say) _________ about the matter since last week.

7/ He (borrow) _________ the money from her two weeks ago.
8/ A new textbook (publish) _________ by that company next year.
9/ Everything (go) _________ well so far. There (be) _________ no trouble yet.
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10/ Who the book (write) _________ by ?
11/ Think carefully. I’m sure you (remember) _________ his name.
12/ The report (examine) _________ now.
EXERCISE II : Turn into the passive voice.
1/ He is running his own restaurant.
- ______________________________________________________
2/ The secretary opens the mails every morning.
- ______________________________________________________
3/ The teacher doesn’t allow me to take the seat by the window.
- ______________________________________________________
4/ Tom’s absence worried his mother.
- ______________________________________________________
5/ They are building a new school in this town.
- ______________________________________________________
6/ You should finish the report right now.
- ______________________________________________________
7/ We shall discuss the matter in the afternoon.
- ______________________________________________________
8/ Are you going to post this letter ?
- ______________________________________________________
9/ He has to pay the bills before the fifth of the month.
- ______________________________________________________
10/ No one has opened that box for the past hundred years.
- ______________________________________________________
11/ The boy screamed while the dentist was pulling out one of his teeth.

- ______________________________________________________
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12/ The enemy used to attack the bay.
- ______________________________________________________
13/ The fire has destroyed many houses.
- ______________________________________________________
14/ The children are carrying the chairs into the house.
- ______________________________________________________
15/ They awarded him the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1946.
- ______________________________________________________
16/ We saw him leave the office at 6 o’clock this morning.
- ______________________________________________________
17/ My parents didn’t let me go to school this morning because I was ill.
- ______________________________________________________
18/ You ought to water these plants once a week.
- ______________________________________________________
19/ People saw her driving a car near the bridge.
- ______________________________________________________
20/ They said that he was the richest man in the town.
- ______________________________________________________
21/ Scientists began to carry out researches on AIDS in 1981.
- ______________________________________________________
22/ The boy knew that they were praising him.
- ______________________________________________________
23/ Everybody believed that he had died of lung cancer.
- ______________________________________________________
24/ They hadn’t built the bridge when we first came here.
- ______________________________________________________
25/ I can assure you that I will arrange everything in time.

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