Từ vựng, ví dụ và bài tập chủ đề gia đình (Family)

SPEAKING 3

FAMILY
Describing people
Vocabulary
Mother: mẹ // Father: bố
(Dad/ – Mom)
Sibling: anh (chị, em) ruột
Brother: anh, em trai
Sister: chị, em gái
Only child: con một
Aunt: cô, dì, bác (nữ)
Uncle: chú, bác, cậu (nam)
Daughter: con gái // Son: con trai
First cousin: anh em họ gần nhất
Niece: cháu gái ( con của anh chị em)
Nephew: cháu trai (con của anh chị em
ruột)
Spouse: chồng hay vợ.
mother-in-law: mẹ chồng (mẹ vợ)
father-in-law: bố chồng (bố vợ)
brother-in-law: anh(em rể), anh (em) vợ
sister-in-law: chị (em) dâu, chị (em) vợ
daughter-in-law: con dâu
son-in-law: con rể
Step-mother: mẹ kế
Step-sister: chị (em) riêng của bố (mẹ) kế
half-brother: anh (em) cùng cha (mẹ) khác
mẹ (cha)
half-sister: chị(em) cùng cha (mẹ) khác mẹ
(cha)

Grandparents: ông bà
Grandmother : bà
Grandfather: ông
Grandchildren: các cháu
Granddaughter: cháu gái
Grandson: cháu trai
Great-grandmother: cụ bà (mẹ của ông
bà)
Great-grandfather: cụ ông (bố của ông
bà)

Nuclear family = gia đình hạt nhân
Single-parent / one-parent family = bố
mẹ, gia đình đơn thân.
Extended family = đại gia đình, dòng họ
Close-knit family = gia đình hoàn thuận,
gắn bó
Get (well) along with: hòa thuận với
(to) take care of: chăm sóc
support(N, V): giúp đỡ hỗ trợ
(to) share: chia sẽ
mutual(adj): lẫn nhau
(to)give advice: khuyên
 (to) advise s.o to do sth
breadwinner: trụ cột gia đình
(to) earn(money): kiếm tiền
(to) live on: sống dựa vào
part-time job: việc làm thêm
strict(adj): nghiêm khắc
(to) argue with: tranh luận với ...(tích cục)

frank(adj): thẳng thắng
(to) solve problem: giải quyết vấn đề
housewife: bà nội trợ
housework = household chores: việc nhà
(to)look after: trông nom
(to)play an important role/ part: đóng 1
vai trò quan trọng
(to) discuss: bàn luận
Benefit = advantage: thuận lợi
Drawback = disadvantage: bất lợi
Generation: thế hệ
Ancestor: tổ tiên
relatives: bà con dòng họ
paternal >< maternal (adj): nội >< ngoại
=> maternal side:
“Men build the house, women make it home”
(đàn ông xây nhà đàn bà xây tổ ấm)


Examples:
- I live in a happy and close-knit family
= My family is very happy and close-knit
- My father is a doctor and/while my mother is a house-wife
- There are four members/ people in my family
= I come from a family of four members
= My family consists of four members
- I am the only child in my family
- I am doing a part-time job to support my family
- My father works very hard to earn money
- My mother is retired so now she (just) stay at home and takes care of the (whole) family

- I have (got) an elder/ older sister and two younger brothers
- My Mom is usually responsible for doing the house-hold chores
= My Mom usually takes the responsibility of doing the house-hold chores
- Both my Mom and my Dad do the house work
- It is good to live in a big family = Living in a big family is good
- Living in a big family brings many benefits
= There are many benefits of living in a big family
- Family plays a very important role in our life
- I often ask my mother for (good) advice
=> My mother often gives me good advice on ….
- I often share my feelings with my Dad
- I rarely/seldom argue with my brother
- I and my younger sister often argue each other about …
- My parents are very strict:
+ They do not let us go out late with our friends
+ They make us study all the time
+ They ask us to go to bed early

Notes:
- let s.o do sth: để cho ai làm gì
- make s.o do sth: bắt ai làm gì
- ask/tell s.o to do sth: yêu cầu ai làm gì


1. Do you have any brothers or sisters?
(If yes, do you get along well with them?)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. What do your parents do?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Do you spend much time with your family?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. What is your family’s favorite activity to do together?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. How do your parents spend their free time?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Do you often talk with your mom or your dad?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Do you live with your grand-parents?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Do you prefer to spend your time with your friends or your family?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. Do you like living in a big family or a small one?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Who takes the responsibility of doing the housework in your home?
………………………………………………………………………………………………


Talk about your family
You should say about:

- Your family members
- Your family’s activities
- It is a happy family?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Describe a family member you love
You should say about:

- His/her personal information
- What he/she looks like (appearance)
- What he/she like (personality)
- Why you love him/her

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………


Write meaningful sentences based on the following cues
1. I/ come/ family/ 5 member

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. mom/ be/ doctor/ and she/ work/ hospital/ next/ my house

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. dad/ responsible/ take care/ fruit garden

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. it/ be/ lucky/ live/ happy family (use: “ It + be+ adj + To V”)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. There/ lot of/ benefit/ live/ extended family

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. My dad/ work/ engineer/ factory/ while/ mom/ retire

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Dad/ very strict/ so / he/ seldom/ let/ me/ go out/ late/ night

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Sister/ always ready/ give me/ useful advice/ when / I/ difficulty

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. parents/ work/ the rice fields/ at the present

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Last night/ dad/ watch TV/ while/ mom/ sleep/ sofa

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………


DESCRIBING PEOPLE

Vocabulary
I- Appearance
A: Từ vựng về độ tuổi (age), chiều cao (height)
- Young – trẻ
- Old – /əʊld/ : Già
- Tall – /tɔːl/ : Cao
- Middle-aged – /ˌmɪd.l̩ˈeɪdʒd/: Trung niên
- Short – /ʃɔːt/ : Lùn
- Medium-height – /ˈmiː.di.əm/ / haɪt/: Chiều cao trung bình
Ex:
+ He is not very tall. He is about 165 centimeters tall
+ He looks younger than his (real) age
B: Từ vựng về hình dáng (body), da (skin/complexion)
- Well-built – /wel ‘bɪlt/: Khỏe mạnh, to lớn (nice shape)
- Fat >< Slim – Béo – Gầy
- heavy >< light– vạm vỡ- nhỏ con
- strong >< weak(adj)
- Dark-skinned – /dɑːk/ /skɪnd/: Da tối màu
- Yellow-skinned – /ˈjel.əʊ/ /skɪnd/: Da vàng
- Pale-skinned – /peɪl/ /skɪnd/: Da nhợt nhạt
- fair (skin/ complexion) – (da) đẹp
- smooth (skin)- (da) mịn
Ex:
+ He is well-built = He has a nice/beautiful shape (shape = body)
+ She has a fair complexion (complexion = skin)
+ She has a yellow skin = She is yellow-skinned
C: Từ vựng về khuôn mặt (face)
- Round – /raʊnd/: Hình tròn
- Triangle – /ˈtraɪ.æŋ.ɡl̩/: Hình tam giác
- Square – /skweər/: Hình chữ điền

- Oval – /ˈəʊ.vəl/: Hình trái xoan
- Long – /lɒŋ/: Dài
Ex:
She has a round face
= Her face is round


D: Từ vựng về kiểu tóc (hair)
- Bald – /bəʊld/: Đầu hói
- Long – medium-length – shoulder-length – Short
- Wavy- Curly- Straight: Gợn sóng - xoăn - thẳng
- crew -cut: đầu đinh
- dark/black – blond – brown …..
- pigtail(s) – / ˈpɪɡ.teɪl/: tóc bím
- ponytail: tóc đuôi ngựa
(Noun)
- bun: tóc búi
- bunches: tóc cột hai sừng
Ex:
+ He has short black hair
+ She has a ponytail
E Từ vựng về mắt (eyes)
- big – small – narrow:
- round
- dark – brown – grey – blue – green- …..
- beautiful (eyes)
- twinkle (eyes): mắt long lanh
- smiling (eyes): mắt biết cười
- eyebrows: lông mày - eyelashes: lông mi
+ long: dài

+ curved: cong
+ dark : đậm
+ thin >< thick: mỏng >< dày
F- Từ vựng về môi (lips)
- full lips: môi mộng nước
- thick >< thin lips: môi dày >< mỏng
- curved lips: môi cong lá lễu
* Others:
- attractive/ charming: quyến rũ- yêu kiều
- beautiful/ handsome:
- good- looking:
- dimple: (Má lúm) đồng tiền
- mole: nốt ruồi
- head forehead: vầng trán cao
- rosy cheeks: má hồng
- (big/small/ high/ flat) nose: Mũi (to/ nhỏ/ cao/ tẹt)
...etc…


II- Characteristics/ Personalities
- ambitious: có nhiều tham vọng
- careful: cẩn thận
- caring: ân cần chu đáo
- clever: khéo léo
- confident: tự tin
- creative: sáng tạo
- reliable: đáng tin cậy
- honest: trung thực , thiệt tình
- enthusiastic: hăng hái, nhiệt tình
- easy-going: dễ tính

- generous: rộng lượng
- gentle: nhẹ nhàng
- humorous: hài hước
- imaginative: giàu trí tưởng tượng
- intelligent, smart: thông minh
- kind: tử tế
- loyal: trung thành

- optimistic: lạc quan >< pessimistic: bi quan
- patient: kiên nhẫn
- polite: lịch sự
- sociable, friendly: thân thiện
- open-minded: khoáng đạt
- quiet: ít nói
- sincere: thành thật, chân thật
- wise: thông thái, uyên bác
- lazy: lười biếng
- hot-tempered: nóng tính
- selfish: ích kỷ => unselfish: không ích kỷ
- mean: keo kiệt
- cold: lạnh lùng
- silly, stupid: ngu ngốc, ngốc nghếch
- crazy: điên cuồng (mang tính tích cực)
..etc…

Ex: He is kind = He is a kind boy

 Structures used for describing people:

 S(He/ She) + V(be/look/seem…) + Adj

Ex:
+ He is tall
+ She is caring (= She is a caring woman)

 S(He/ She) + has + (a/an )+ adj + Noun
= His/Her/… Noun + V (be/ …) + adj
Ex:
+ He has a round face = His face is round
+ She has long hair = Her hair is long
+ She has big eyes = Her eyes are big

Others examples:
+ She is beautiful and intelligent.
= She is not only beautiful but also intelligent.
= She is both beautiful and intelligent.
+He is quiet but intelligent (tuy... nhưng)


Describe one of your close friends
You should say about:

- His/her personal information
- What he/she looks like (appearance)
- What he/she like (personality)
- Why you like him/her
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Describe a famous people you admire/ your idol
You should say about:

- who he/she is + his/her personal information
- What he/she looks like (appearance)
- What makes him/ her special
- Why you admire him/her
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………