WRITING 3 VB1 Bài giảng Writing 3 VB 1 Thư Viện Tài Liệu Tổng Hợp Com WRITING 3 VB1

COURSE TITLE: WRITING 3
COURSE DURATION: 60 PERIODS
COURSE BOOK : Oshima, A.& Hogue, A(1997). Introduction to ACADEMIC
WRITING (2nd ed). Longman
REFERENCE: Blanchard, K. & Root, C. (1994). Ready to Write. (2nd ed).
Addition-Wesley Publishing Company
Smalley, R. L………….. (2007). Developing Writing Skills.
learners Publisher
Thanh, T. M. & Hoang, C. T. L.(2005). Academic Writing Tai
Lieu On Thi. National University of HCM Publisher.
LECTURER : CHU THI KIM PHUONG
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION
Focus:
Paragraph Organization
Aim:
To recognize different main parts of a paragraph
Assumed:
Students are supposed to read the pages given below before class
Duration:
12 periods
---------------------- The Parts of the Paragraph (See p. 71)
The topic sentence (See p. 71)
Supporting sentences (See p.75)
The concluding sentence (See p.80)
 Practice
1. Narrowing subjects from general to specific (p. 72)

2. Narrowing controlling ideas from general to specific (p72-73)
3. Writing topic sentences
A. p73
B. p.73
C. In small group, write topic sentences on the following topics. Ask questions to
limit the topic and the controlling idea.
Example
Camping
 To set up camp requires a variety of special equipment,
1. famous people (who/in what field)
2. transportation (where)
3. music
4. movies
5. education system
4. Identifying supporting sentences (p76-78)
5. Writing supporting sentences ( p 78-79)
6. Brainstorming supporting sentences : Choose one of the topic sentences
below. Brainstorm for about four or five items to support it. Then work with
a partner and review your lists. Decide which supporting items should
remain.
Example
Snow skiers must take extreme precautions on the slopes.
List some of the precautions
a. consider the weather conditions
b. consider their ability
c. obey warning signs
d. consider the slope conditions
Topic sentences
1. Giving presents is an art.
2. Jogging is beneficial to your health for several reasons.

3. Learning English is not easy.
4. Education is now available to everyone.

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7. Writing concluding sentences: Write a concluding sentence for each of the
following topic sentences.
1. Speaking English fluently is not easy if you follow these steps.
2. Playing video games can be very harmful to children.
3. Sapa is a perfect place to visit.
HOMEWORK:
MAKING OUTLINE: Read carefully Part 2 (Prewriting- Outlining a
paragraph) p. 82-87 and do the exercises.

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CHAPTER 2 : UNITY
Focus: unity
Aim: to be aware of the characteristics of a paragraph: unity and learn how to
make a paragraph united by some ways such as: identifying key words in the
topic sentence, brainstorming ideas that are related to the topic, selecting ideas
that suit the topic sentence and summarizing the main points in the concluding
sentence.
Assumed: Students are supposed to learn the organization of a paragraph and
read the pages listed below beforehand.
Duration: 12 periods
-------------------------------- Unity: See p.98
 Practice

1. Find and cross out any sentences that do not belong in the paragraphs
(p.98-99)
2. Read the following paragraphs. Underline the topic sentence for each
paragraph and cross out any sentence that does not belong in the
paragraph. There may be one or more irrelevant sentences.
1.

2.

3.

4.

Cats make wonderful house pets. They are very loving and
friendly. They are also clean. They don’t eat much, so they
are not expensive. Many people are allergic to their hair. They
look beautiful.
There are several reasons why many American women are
waiting until they are thirty years old or older to have their
first baby. Some women have good jobs and want to continue
their careers. Many American couples have two children.
Other women don’t want the responsibility of having children
until they are older. Still others are waiting until they are
financially secure before they start a family.
Running has many positive effects on the body. First of all, it
increases the efficiency of the heart and lungs. Running also
helps the body develop greater physical endurance. However,
many people prefer swimming. Finally, it helps the body
becomes more mechanically efficient.
The Japanese automobile industry uses robots in many phases

of its production process. In fact, one large Japanese auto
factory uses robots in all of its production stages. Some
Japanese universities are developing medical robots to detect
certain kinds of cancer. Another automobile factory in Japan
uses robots to paint cars as they come off the assembly line.
Furthermore, most Japanese factories use robots to weld the
parts of the finished car together.
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5.

6.

The packaging of many products is very wasteful. Often the
packaging is twice as big as the product. Packaging is used to
protect thing that are breakable. Many food items, for
example, have several layers of extra packaging. Most of these
layers are absolutely useless.
( Blanchard K. & Root C. Ready to Write. P10-11)
Another problem facing a number of elderly people is living
on reduce income. Upon retiring, old people may receive the
pension from their company or Social Security from the
government. The amount of their monthly checks is often half
the amount of the checks they received when they were
employed. Suddenly retirees find that they can no longer
continue the life style that they had become accustomed to,
even if that life stile was a modest one. Many find, after
paying their monthly bills, that there is no money left for a
movie or a dinner out. Of course, sometimes they can’t go out

because of their health. Maybe they have arthritis or
rheumatism and it is painful for them to move around. This
can also change their life style. Some older people, however,
discover that the small amount of money they receive will not
even cover their monthly bills. They realize with horror that
electricity, a telephone, and nourish food are luxuries they can
no longer afford. They resort to shivering in the dark, eating
cat food in order to make two ends meet.
( Smalley L. R. Developing Writing Skills. p.22)
7. In our prison today, some people are falsely accused of
crimes. A solution to certain kinds of crime, restitution, is
becoming more popular and rightly so. It works like this. If
someone is convicted o defacing or destroying property, he or
she is required to repaint or restore the property rather than
simply sit in jail a certain length of time. In another example, a
person disabling a wage earner would be made partially
responsible for that wage earner’s dependents until the wage
earner has recovered. Another way of dealing with this
criminal is to make him or her pay a fine. In other words,
restitution requires the criminal to restore the damage to the
person who has been hurt. The criminal will contribute
something to society rather than imply sit in jail, being clothed
and fed with the tax dollars of law-abiding citizens. Perhaps,
through contributing to society by restitution instead of being
dependent on society by sitting in jail, criminals will be more
likely to become useful, working members of society after they
have paid for their crime.

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8. Despite their reputation, some workers in American factories
take pride in helping their companies. A good example of this
is the 14,000 employees of Locheed-Georgia Company who
submit ideas to management to help reduce production costs. In
one year, these ideas, ranging from a new way to recharge a
dead battery to a more efficient way to paint airplane wings,
saved the company $57.5 million. Since 1979, employee
suggestions have resulted in savings of over $190 million.
While we might think that workers submit ideas in order to
receive large rewards, this is not the case. According to
Executive Vice President Alex Lorch, the financial benefit is
minimum. The employee with the best idea each year receives
only $100. the employees, Lorch says, submit ideas because
they are motivated by a desire to do a good job. Japanse
workers, on the other hand, are generally considered the best
example of workers who are loyal to their company.
Thanh T. M. & Hoang C.T.L. Academic Writing Tai lieu
on thi p.49-51)
 More practice
 Identifying key words in the topic sentence
Underline key words/phrases in the following topic
1. Reading books frequently brings a lot of benefits.
2. It is difficult to learn a new language.
3. There are many elements for a good paragraph.
4. Smoking cigarettes can be an expensive habit.
5. Eye contact plays n important role in public smoking.
6. Examination should be abolished.
7. Another way to reduce the rate of inflation is to balance the
federal budget.

8. Saving bonds are also a safe investment.
9. Although bright, Maria is a very shy girl.
10. Another problem for students is finding a part-time job.
 Brainstorming ideas
Topics:
1. superstitions
2. pollution
3. technology
4. a memorable teacher
5. an unforgettable event
6. music
7. fashion
8. future job
9. future life in 2050
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10. Internet
 Selecting ideas
From the list, choose an idea that interests you and write a
topic sentence for each topic.
Then sort out two ideas that suit the topic.
 Write the concluding sentence
Write the concluding sentence for each topic sentence
----------------------

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CHAPTER 3: COHERENCE

Focus:
Aim:
Assumed:
Duration:

coherence
to be aware of another characteristics of a paragraph: coherence and learn
how to make a paragraph coherent.
Students are supposed to know paragraph organization and one feature
that makes a good paragraph: unity
12 periods

-----------

Four ways to gain coherence
 Repeating key nouns
 Using pronouns which refer back to key nouns
 Transitional signals
 Logical orders

 Repeating keys nouns
Practice
1. In the following paragraph, the key noun is never repeated. Replace the
pronoun ”it” with the key noun “English” wherever you think doing so would make the
paragraph more coherent.
English has almost become an international language. Except for Chinese, more
people speak it than any other language. Spanish is the official language of more
countries in the world, but more countries have it as their official or unofficial second
language. More than seventy percent of the world’s mail is written in it. In international
business, it is used more than any other language, and it is the language of airline pilots

and air traffic controllers all over the world. Moreover, although French used to be the
language of diploma, it has displaced it throughout the world. Therefore, unless you plan
to spend your life alone on a desert island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, it is a
useful language to know.
(Thanh T. M. & Hoang C.T.L. Academic Writing Tai lieu on thi p.52)

KEY
English has almost become an international language. Except for Chinese,
more people speak it than any other language. Spanish is the official language of more
countries in the world, but more countries have it as their official or unofficial second
language. More than seventy percent of the world’s mail is written in it. In international
business, it is used more than any other language, and it is the language of airline pilots
and air traffic controllers all over the world. Moreover, although French used to be the
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language of diploma, it has displaced it throughout the world. Therefore, unless you plan
to spend your life alone on a desert island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, it is a
useful language to know.

2. In the following passage about dolphins, replace some f the pronouns with
appropriate singular or plural nouns
Interest in dolphins has increased in the past few years. They are interesting
because they display almost human behaviour at times. For example, they help each other
when they are in trouble. If one is sick, it sends out a message. Others in the area swim to
help it. They stay with it for days or weeks- until it recovers or dies. They have also
helped trapped or lost whales navigate their way safely out to the open sea. The are so
intelligent and helpful, in fact, that the U.S Navy is training them to become underwater
bomb disposal experts.
(Thanh T. M. & Hoang C.T.L. Academic Writing Tai lieu on thi p.52)

KEY
Interest in dolphins has increased in the past few years. They (=> Dolphins) are
interesting because they display almost human behaviour at times. For example, they(=>
Dolphins) help each other when they are in trouble. If one is sick, it sends out a message.
Others in the area swim to help it (the sick dolphin). They (=> Dolphins) stay with it for
days or weeks- until it recovers or dies. They(=> Dolphins) have also helped trapped or
lost whales navigate their way safely out to the open sea. They(=> Dolphins) are so
intelligent and helpful, in fact, that the U.S Navy is training them to become underwater
bomb disposal experts.

 Using pronouns
Practice: p.108-110
In the following paragraph, the pronouns are not consistent. Correct them to make
this paragraph more coherent
An Olympic athlete must be strong both physical and mentally. First of all, if you
hope to compete in an Olympic sport, you must be physically strong. Furthermore, an
aspiring Olympian must train rigorously for many years. For the most demanding sports,
they train several hours a day, five or six days a week, for ten or more years. In addition
to being physically strong, he or she must also be mentally tough. This means you have to
be totally dedicated to your sport, often giving up a normal school, family, and social life.
Bing mentally strong also means that he or she must be able to withstand the intense
pressure of international competition with its attendant media coverage. Finally, not
everyone can win a medal, so you must possess the inner strength to live with defeat.

An Olympic athlete must be strong both physical and mentally. First of all, if you
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(he or she)hope to compete in an Olympic sport, you (he or she)must be physically

strong. Furthermore, an aspiring Olympian must train rigorously for many years. For the
most demanding sports, they train several hours a day, five or six days a week, for ten or
more years. In addition to being physically strong, he or she must also be mentally tough.
This means you (he or she)have to be totally dedicated to your sport, often giving up a
normal school, family, and social life. Bing mentally strong also means that he or she
must be able to withstand the intense pressure of international competition with its
attendant media coverage. Finally, not everyone can win a medal, so you(he or she) must
possess the inner strength to live with defeat.

 Using transitional signals :
Practice: Read p.100-108
More practice:
 Using time order
1.

Margaret read a gardening catalog and decided that she wanted to plant a
vegetable garden. She has to do many things before she can enjoy the harvest.
Read the list and put the items in a logical order.
Write a paragraph about steps she has to do. Be sure to use signal words.
Remember to begin with a topic sentence.
------------- Plant the seeds.
------------- Pick the vegetables from the garden.
------1------- Order the seeds from the catalog.
-------------Prepare the soil.
------------- Keep the garden free of weeds.
( Blanchard K. & Root C. Ready to Write. P. 19)
2. Vicky is having some friends over for dinner this evening. She has no food in
the house, and she has no cash, either. Here is the list of things that she has to do,
but they are not in the right order. Number them so they are in a logical order.
Then write a paragraph.

------------- Buy food for dinner.
------------- Go to the bank.
------------- Make dinner.
------------- Return home.
------------- Clean the house.
------------- Go to the grocery store.
( Blanchard K. & Root C. Ready to Write. p.20)
3. The following timeline gives you information about the life of Elizabeth
Blackwell, the first woman doctor in the U.S. Use this information to write a
paragraph about her life.
February 3,1821: born in Bristol, England
1832: emigrated to New York City
1949: graduated from Geneva Medical School in Geneva, New York
1853: opened the New York Infirmary because, as a woman, she could not
get a job in a hospital.
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1868: opened the Women’s Medical College of the New York Infirmary
1875: assisted in founding the London School of Medicine for women.
1910: died in Hastings, England
( Blanchard K. & Root C. Ready to Write. p.21)
 Organizing ideas by space
1. Sometimes you will need to organize details according to where they are
located in space. Study this floor plan. Then read the description that follows.
Note the underlined prepositions and prepositional phrases.

WOMEN’ SHOES

HATS&CLOTHES

HANDBAGS&BELTS
CHILDREN’S
CLOTHING

SCARFS

COSMETICS
COATS
JEWELRY
MAIN ENTRANCE

N
W

E

Lourie’s is a large department store that sells clothing for the whole family. As you enter
the store through the main entrance, the jewelry department is directly in front of you, in
the middle of the store. On your left is the coat department, and the scarf department is
behind the coats. To the right of the jewelry department is the cosmetics department, the
elevators are on the east wall. In the northwest corner, you’ll find the women’ shoe
department. Next to it, on the north wall, are hats and gloves. To the right of the hat and
glove department are the handbags and belts. The children’s clothes are between the
handbag and belt department and elevators.
2. Here is the floorplan of the second floor of Lourie’s. Fill in the floorplan
below using the list provided.

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E
L
E
V
A
T
O
R
S


W

E

s

a. The elevators are on the east wall.
b. There is large ladies’ clothing department in front of the elevators. It
covers the whole width of the store.
c. The men’s clothing department is in the middle of the north wall.
d. To the left of the men’s clothing department is the men’s shoe
department.
e. The college shop is in the southwest corner.
f. The junior shop is between the college shop and the ladies’ clothing
department on the south wall.
( Blanchard K. & Root C. Ready to Write. p.22)

---------------

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CHAPTER 4: WRITING AND EDITING
Focus:
Aim:
Assumed:

Duration:

writing process and writing paragraph
To know how to write paragraph effectively and practice writing
paragraph as much as possible by writing as directed.
Students are supposed to go over the three previous chapters and
be ready to ask or answer questions. Simultaneously, they should
read this chapter beforehand.
14 periods
-------------------------------

 Writing process
1. Prewriting
1.1 Generating ideas
Techniques
Brainstorming : a
way to associate
ideas and stimulate
thinking
- start with a
word/phrase and
let your thoughts

go in whatever
direction they
will go.
- Not try to think
logically but
write a list of
ideas as quickly
as possible.
- When time is
over, look
through what
you have listed
to see if the
ideas are related
and could be
grouped.

Freewriting :
writing without
stopping

WH-questions :
who, what, when,
where, why, how

-

Clustering : making
a visual map of your
ideas

write whatever
- write out as
- begin with your
comes to your
many WHtopic circled in the
mind
questions as you middle of a sheet of
- not interrupt the
can.
paper.
flow of your
- Answer them as - draw a line out
ideas, not censor
fully as you can. from the circle an
thoughts or
write an idea
insights
associated with the
- Set a goal: for
topic. Circle this
example, a time
idea and from it
limit or a
draw lines and write
number of lines.
ideas associated
Then write
with it.
continuously

- continue until you
until you reach
cannot think of any
your goal.
more ideas.
- When having
- When having
finished, read
finished, see the
what you have
relationship of
written and look
ideas.
for interesting
ideas that might
be useful .
A brainstorm is a sudden insight or connection
1.2 Planning
After generating ideas, writers will focus their ideas on a main point and develop a rough
plan for the paragraph.
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-

2. Drafting
After making a plan, you are ready to write.
While writing, focus on getting your meaning down on paper; do NOT be overly
concerned with correctness of grammar.
3. Revising

 Topics
1. Suppose friends came to visit you in your hometown. You want them to
have an exciting time. Write a paragraph telling how you would entertain
them for a few days. Name some sightseeing attractions and restaurants as
well as some interesting night spots that you would take them to. Explain
your choices.
2. You have just had a pen pal living in Australia/England, etc. who has
never been to Vietnam. Write a paragraph to describe a symbol of
Vietnam, namely ao dai or non la(the conical leaf hat). In your
description, include shape, material, colour and its use.
3. Many of your friends agree the idea that examination should be abolished.
You disagree. Write a paragraph to protect your point of view by giving
reasons, strong arguments, explanations or examples.
4. Your friend have just left his/her home for HCMC to study. Write a
paragraph to give him/her some pieces of advice to make ends meet
because your friend is still dependent on his/her parents.
5. Your teacher wants to publish a book named “Strange Stories”. He/she
asks you to write a paragraph about interesting or unusual experiences.
Write a paragraph to tell your own story. Use WH-questions (wherewhen- how-what- who/with whom) as guidelines.
 Editing checklist
Questions

FORMAT
ORGANIZATON

3.

4.

5.

1. Is the format correct?
2. Does the paragraph
begin with a topic
sentence?
3. Does the topic sentence
have a clear controlling
idea?
4. Do the supporting
sentences prove the
main idea stated in the
topic sentence?
5. Does the paragraph have
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Peer Editor’s answers and
comments


6.

7.
8.
GRAMMAR &
MECHANICS

9.
SENTENCE STRUCTURE

unity?

6. Does the paragraph
contain transitional
signals?
7. Is the use of pronouns
consistent?
8. Is there concluding
sentence?
9.Is there a period at the end
of each sentence?
10. Are capital letters used
where necessary?
11. Are commas used
correctly?
12. Are verb tenses correct?

13. Does each sentence
have a subject and a verb
and express a complete
thought?
14. Are there subject and
verb agreements?
15. Is there a variety of
sentence types in the
paragraph? (simple,
compound and complex)

(Adapted from Editing Checklist- p.112)

Page 15 of 16

CHAPTER 5 : PRACTICE TESTS- CORRECTION & COMMENTS
Duration: 10 periods

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