HD đồ án môn học hấp thu

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GIAO TRINH
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"QUA TRII{H VA THIET BI
AA,
CONG NGHE HOA HOC''
I

al

T4,P 11

HuoNG nAr-r ob AN Mou Hoc
cscchrcr. ndP TFIU

rAC GIA: V6 THI NGOC TIJdI . PGS
tt)

rntJoNc DAr Hoc sicH KH0A tp. Ub Crri WIINH - 1ee3

rHlgT Bl HAP rHu
Qu:i trinh hdp thq xdy ra khi mQt cdu tt cria pha khf khu6'ch tdn vAo pha l6ng
do sg ti6p xdc gpna 2 pha khi - l6ng, Thidt bi drrgc st? dgng dd ti6n hinh qu6 trinh
hdp thq _dugc gqi ld thidt bi hdp ths'ho{c c,Qt hdp ths, th6p hdp thq. Thidt b! hdp
thrt c6 iftg ia--viQc girin do4n ho{c lim viQc li€n tuc. d day chring t6i chl gidi thi.0u
hai kidu thidt bi lim viQc li6n tr;c:
- thidt bi hdp thg loqi dQm.
- thidt b[ hdp thq lo4i mAm.

tinh to6n tld x6e dinh cric kich thtrdc co bAn chd y6u nhdt cria
thdp hdp tirg, cr; thd la dtrdng kinh vir chibu cao thdp, phn hgp voi yOu chu sAn
Chring

ia

cbr.

xudt vb ndng sudt vh hiQu sudt hdp thrl.
Ddi vdi thrip dQm, mu6n xric dinh chibu cao thrip thi ta cbn phii tinh.:

'sd

don vi truybn khdi'

- chibu cao mQt don vi truYbn khdi.

Ddi vd'i th6p mAm, ehibu cao thdp dtrgc xdc dinh theo e6c drr kiQn sau:
sd mAm thr{c t0 cira th6P.

khoing c6ch girla e6c mArn.
Cdu trdc tron mAm c6 nhibtr kidu rdt da d4ng: mAm chdp, mAm ld c6 dng ch6y
truybn vh kh6ng cd dng chdy truybn, mAm van v..v..., tuy nhi6n e6ch xdc dinh sd
mAm thrJc t6 &u gidng nhau. Chi khric nhau trong viQc xdc tlinh khoAng uich gida
cdc mAm. C6 khi eing mQt kich thtldc drrdng kinh nhung khoing cdch c6c mAm
eh6p ldn hon mAm 16 khong c6 dng ch6y truybn v..v...
Trong bdt k' loqi thrip nio, pha khi vAn li pha liOn tuc vh chi c6 pha khi mdi
tuAn theo ttinh ly liOn tuc vb tru.vbn vfn, do d6 ta dtta vio pha khi ttd x6c dlnh

kinh thdp.
Trinh tg tinh torin th6P hdP thq nhu

drrdng

sau:

Ll- LUa chgn dung mOi hdP thq, ndu riung m0i dA dugc dinh trdd'c thi bd qua
btrdc nhy.


2l- XAy drlng dudng cAn blng vi dtrdng lirm viQc cua hQ hdp thg, tt d6 xric dinh
lugng dung mOi cbn thiO't cho qria trinh.
3/- Xic tllnh sd don vi truybn khdi vi chibu cao mQt dor vi truybn khdi ndu ta
sr? dgng cQt dQm, ho{c xdc dinh sd mAm thr.fe td vDr kho6ng cdch mAm ndu ta st?
dUng cQt mAm.

4/- Tinh chibu cao thdp, iludng kinh thdp, c6c chi tidt tren mAm
dd

vi

cd cdu tdm

dQm.

5/- Tfnh tr& lgc cria thaip dd tt tl6 tinh qu4t vfln chuydn khf vlo th6p.
Sau dAy ld phbn
S

I. LI.'A CHON

trinh biy kh6i qudt nOi dung tinh torin chn thidt.

DUNG MOI

Trong tnrdng hgp dung mOi hdp thq khOng cho tnJdc thi ngudi thidt kd phii
bidt c6ch lga chgn dung mdi mQt c6ch tdi uu, trlc lir phii th6a dring trong mdi hJcrng
quan girla cdc vdn d0: Kinh td (16 tibn), hiQu sudt hdp thr.r vb dibu kiQn h{p thg.

Vi dg: Khi hdp thq khi

ta c6 thd d&ng nrrdc, dung dich NaOH, KOH ho{c
c6c dung dieh Otanolamin, v..v... M5i dung mOi dbu c5 nhrlng ddc didm ri6ng nhu

sau:

CO2

-

U- Nrrdc:

- R6 tibn, th6a mdn drroc dibu kipn kinh td.
- EQ hba tan CO2 rdt k6m d 6p sudt thudng, ndu mudn dat hi6u sudt hdp thg
dring kd thi phii t6ng rip sudt hdp thg, nhrr vAy thidt bi s6 phfc tgp hon.
2l- Dang dlch Naolt tro4c KOH.

- HiQu qua hdp thr; CO2 cao.
- Chi phi cho dung mOi cao hon nr/dc.
- Kh6ng thd hohn nguyOn dung mdi.

I

Do d6 ngudi ta chi dtng dung mOi ndy trong tnrdng hgp &n phii rt?a sqch CO2
cho mQt h6n hgp khi hoflc vdi mgc dich tgo ra sin phdm vdi cdc 4rt g dich d6.

3l-

C6.c

dung dlch Otanolamin, cg thd

li:

- mono6tanolamin (MEA): RNH2
- diOtanolamin (DEA): R2NH
- tri€tanolamin (TEA): R3N
trong d6 gde R c6 dqng -CHZ-CH2OH.
So srinh girla 3 dung dich tr6n thi MEA c6 khi ndng hdp thq CO2 cao nhdt
nhtrng cd nhrrgc didm: d6 bay hoi nOn hao tdn nhibu, tinh 6n mbn cao, ngoii ra cdn,

!


Du kiQn:

- Pha khi: nhi6t dQ, ning su5t, nbng dQ dEu, cu6i.
- Pha l6ng: dung m6i sti dqng, nbng dQ dBu, cu6i.
- Ap su{t hdp thg: P
NhiQt d0 dung m6i
ban dAu Tc

Nhiqt dQ hdp

Duilng cAn bing pha
theo Tc

(ch9n)

vi

blng
(gii thigt)

thqr: l5y
P

To

Lugng dung m6i hgp ly L vh nbng d0 cudi pha l6ng X"

NhiQt dg cudi pha l6ng T"
t

Du$ng cAn bdng

NO

T"-Ta:0

hi6u chinh
yes (H{p thV df,ng nhiQt)

Sfr dqng durong cAn bdng theo Ta

kidu thap

Thap mAm

Thap dQm

Chon cd d6m

56 mAm thuc td

ChiEu cao 1 d\rtk

ChiEu cao

Dudng kfnh thap

thap, n6p, d6y

Co c5u chi ti6t tr6n mAm

Tfnh trd lgc th6p

Bctm & Quqt & M6y n6n

sd Db riwn nHAP HiP

rW

LIEN TVC"

Du'dng kfnh thdp


li0n kdt vdi

rdt bbn

CO2

nOn kh6 hoirn nguyOn dung m0i.

Do d6 ngudi ta hay chgn dung mOi DEA m{c dr) khi ning hdp thg c6 thdp hor
MEA nhung vAn d4t ydu cbu vb hdp thg vi c6 thd hoiin nguyOn dung m0i. Dung
nta nang hdp thq cAng k6m hcrn nan khong thd chqn v..v...
moi TEA

"J
T6m lgi, m6i dung moi ddu c6 tnr nhugc didm riOng, ta phii cAn nhdc cric mf;t
dd lqa chon dung mOi thich hgP nhdt.
$

il- xAv

lf

{A

DLTNG

S0

.1:rtt{AA\

LIEU CAN BANG VA SO LIEU VAN HANH.

Drrdng cAn bhng:pha

Mudn x6c dlnh cdc th6ng sd vqn hbnh cho qwi trinh hdp thr,r, trudc ti6n ta ph6i
biSt qic sd li6u eAn bing pha cria hQ khi-l6ng. Ndu dung dich hdp thq kh6 lodng
thi c6 thd xf cgng phuong trinh Henri dd bidu di6n dtrdng can bing:
P=

Hx

(1.1)

ho{c
y==

trong

H

-x
P

d6

p- dp sudt riCng phbn ctra cdu tfi khi hda tan khi cAn bhng pha.

H- hC sd Henri (don vi 6p sudt)
P- rip sudt chung cia hQ.
y- nbng dQ cAn bhng ctia pha khi, lphhn mol]
x- nbrig dg khi hda tan trong pha l6ng, [phhn mol]
HQ sd Henri cd thd tra trong cdc sd tay ky sr/ h6a hgc. H-e sd ndy ui !i:i tri

khdc nhau theo trlng hQ khf-l6ng vd phg thuQc nhibu vho nhiQt dQ.
r
Ndu nhrr dung dich c6 nbng dQ hdp thg cao kh6ng thd sf dgng phrrcmg trinh
Henri, thi ta phAi tim sd liQu cAn bing thgc nghiQm trong cdc sd tay ky sr'f h6a
chdt.

Chn ehd f ld trong qu6 trinh hep thqr c6 thd xdy ra hiQn tuo.ng t6a nhi$t, mir
sd liQu cAn bing phq thuQc nhibu vio nhiQt ilQ, do d6 ta eln phii xAy dqmg tlldng
cAn blng hiQu chinh theo nhi.6t dQ. Tuy nhi6n, tnrdc ti0n ta phAi gii thiSt nhi$t tlQ
hdp thq (cd thd giA thidt bhng nhiQt dQ dung mOi) tld tqo co s& ban dlu eho viQc

xdc ilinh cric th0ng sd vfln hhnh dn thidt.
C6c th6ng sd vfn hAnh mA ngrrdi thidt kd c6 thd bidt tntdc tiOn li lrrgng pha
khi cbn phAi n4p vho cQt hdp thg, nbng tlQ ban &u cria-pha khi, c6 khi cring bi6t
nhiQt dQ pha khi nhflp liQu, nhtrng chtra dfi dd kiQn dd thi6't kd. Ta chn phii c6
th6m cdc sd liOu vAn hhnh khdc nhtl sau:


- Ifbrrg d0 cudi vi nhiQt d0 cudi cfia pha khi.
- Ltrgng dung m6i ebn thie't dd tud'i vio thdp, nbng d0 vA nhiet d0 dung rn6i &
dinh

vi

d,iy thdp.

Ta s6 dga vio cdc phrrong trinh cAn bing vSt lipu vi cAn bing nhipt dd x6c
cllnh cric s6 lipu niy. Ddi vdi nbng a0
cria pha khi, c6 khi y6u cbu sin xudt
"qdi
cho trtldc mQt con sd cg thd, ho4c c6 khi ngrrdi ta drta ra yOu clu dtrdi d4ng hiQu
su{t hdp thqr phAi t14t clrrgc bao nhi€u phhn tr6m cdu tt? cbn trich.
2/- Phuong

Ky

trinh c6n bhng vgt

1i9u

hiQu:

G- luqng khf tro, kh6ng ddi khi vf;n hinh, kmol/h

L- lugng dung m0i,

'

vi
Xa, X"- nbng tlQ tlbu vi

Yo, Y"- nbng ttQ dau

X+- nbng

dQ pha

khi v{n hinh, kmol/h
cudi cda pha khi, Kmol/I(mol khi tro

khOng tldi

cudi

erSa

pha l6ng, Kmol/I(mol dung mdi.

l6ng cAn bang tudng rtng vdi Y6, Kmolfi(mol dung m6i.

-J

G,Y*

Hinh
Ndu

nbng

d0

1.7 : MO hinh cdn bdng ugt li€u

ta gqi Gun le ltrgng h5n hgp khi n?p vho thdp hdp thq [Kmol/h] va ya le
phhn mol cria h6n hgp khi ban dbu, thi ta s6 tinh Itrgng khi tro nhu sau:

G-Gnrr(1 yd:Gnn

1

1+Yd

Phrrong

trinh

cAn bbng vAt ligu

GYa +

td

d6:

LX'6- GY. + LX"

ci d4ng:

(1-2)


(1-3)
- Y"
G X.- Xd
goc cta drrdng lhm
Nhtr vfy, tf sd girla lrrgng dung moi L vi khi trd G la hc s6

L

Yo

=

viQc. Dd xAy dgng aoatrg lhm viQc
c6 thd ca Y" vh X6.

sudt hdp thq you cbu ld 95To, e6 nghia la cdn l4i 57o cdu tr?
theo dbng khi ra kh6i thdp, rhtl vfy ta suy ra nbng dQ cu6i Y":

Gii
thu di

ta phdi xdc dlnh c6c thong sd chr-ra bi6t: L' )Q'

st? hiQu

bi

h6p

Y" = 0'05 Ya

Mudn x6c dinh t,rqrrg dung mdi ldm viQc thich hqp
dung mOi tdi thidu L-io:
L*io

G
Trong d6 x+
drrdng cAn bing.

L thi ta phii biSt lugng

- Y"
X*-Xu
Ya

(1-4)

Cltrgc

x6c dinh bing tlb thi, tudng rlng vdi giao didm c0a Ya vd'i

-

Dd x6c dinh Xa, ta ph6i

d{t ra 2 trrrdng

hgp:

-Ndudungm6isachkhivbothdpthiXd=O,dod6tac6:

L*ir,-fu-Y"
GX*
Tt

(1-5)

d6 ta aO dhng xdc dinh L*i','

- Ndu ta xt? dgng dung m6i hobn nguyon thi ro ring x6 s6 c6 mQt giti tr! ndo
d'Jqc 95Vo ch{t b!
d6 trrong fng vdi diau kiQn vAn hhnh. Vi dg: yeu cbu phii Lich
'c6:
hdp thq.ra kh6i dung dleh thi ta s6

& _ & :0,g5
x"

tfi d6

Xd

-

0,05 X"

Nphi ra, theo kinh

'l
nghigm ngUdi t;a thay:

L : (1,2 + 1,3) L*i*
Tt cric phudng trinh tr0n, tB rdt -ra dUgc:
.

!

=x*-xu
L*ir, & )fu
ho6c ndu Xa= 0 thi:


X*
x"

L*io

ttT'c

L4-rg

ct

3l- CAn bhng nhig t n6ng:
K)t hi€u:

G"- lugng h6n hgp khi dbu vh cuOi,

Ga,

If's/h

Lr- lugng dung dich dAu vi

La,

cudi,

Ks/h
td,

tc- nhiet

d0

"C

khi ban &u vA cudi,
*

Ta, T"- nhigt d0 dung dich
1C

&u vh cudi,

fa, Ic-. entalpi h6n hgp khi ban dbu
cudi, KJ/kg.
Qo-

vh

Gst6Ts

nhigt mdt m6t, KJ/h

Phrrong

trinh

cAn beng

GaIa + LdCdTd

trong

Lc
Hinh

Tc

1"2

nhiet c6 dang:

+ Q* - G"I" + L.C"T" +

(

Qo

1-6)

d5:

Q.- nhipt ph6t sinh do hdp thv khf, KJ/h
od aon gi6n hda
& tfnh todn, ta c6 thd gi6 thict nhrr sau:
'dn
- nhipt mdt mdt ra moi tnrdng xung quanh kh0ng rling kd, do tt6 lAy eo = 0.
- nhipt tlQ cria h6n hgp khi ra kh6i thrip bhng nhiQt d0 dung dich vio thrip:

t":

Td

- tf nhiQt qria dung dich kh6ng ddi trong su6t qu6 trinh hdp thq ( trong

tlQ ghn ttring cho ph6p,

C6= Q"=

ta ldy blng

tf

mt?c

nhigt ctia ntrdc nou dung m6i ld nrldc), v6y:

Q

Trong qu6 trinh hdp thq c6 thd phrit sinh nhiQt, do rt6 ndu ky hipu q
ph6t sinh ctia 1 mol edu tri bi hdp thu, thi ta s6 c6:

Q":9L(&-xd

li

nhipt
( L-7)

vdi mrlc tlQ ghn dring ta cd thd coi nhrr q kh6ng ,ldi trong qu6 trinh hdp thq.
Bay gid phuong trinh cAn blng nhi€t s6 cd dang:
GaI6

ho6c:

+ LdCTd + qL(&

- Xd = G"I" + L"CT"

T"

:

tu

,u +

- G"I" + qL (&
L"C L"C

GaIa

L"

(1-8)

xd)

lrrgng cdu tt? hba tan trong dung dich rdt nh6, do d6 lugng dung dich dbu
cudi L" kh0ng khdc nhau nhibu, trong mt1c tlQ gpn thing ta e6 thd ldy:

Vi
L6

vi

!1= r

L"
Dbng thdi ta cring c6 thd b6 qua mrlc tlQ bidn ddi nhiQt ctia pha khi,

tfc li:

GaIa-G"I"=g
Nhrr vfy, cdng

thfc tinh nhiQt dQ cudi T" cria dung dich sE c6 d4ng

T" = Ta

*

9L (& -

Ndu ta ding dung m6i s4eh

sau:

xd

(1-9)

thi Xa=

0.

Td d6 ta thdy rd nhiQt dQ cr3a dung dieh tang dAn ttl tlinh ddn d6y th6p hdp
thg vi nbng dQ cdu tt bi hdp thq tdng dAn. Ndu nhrr ch€nh lQch nhiQt dQ girra T"

vi T6 ldn thi ta phii v6 clrrdng cong cAn bing pha hiQu chinh.

x* T*
Y

4ct

<\,

Y*

-

4,

*'tt

4

XeTz

,lN

'*$

Yc

X;T_l

N'I

X4- X{ Xe t

Y*

Xc

Xc T.
Hinh 1.3

Crich vE dtrdng cong cAn bXng hiQu chlnh nhrl sau:

- ldy mQt vAi nbng elQ dung dich troirg gidi hgn
Xz, Xs vh tinh ra dtrgc e6c nhiQt d0 Tr, T2, T3, T".
- vd

c6c drrdng cong cAn

bing trrong t?ng nhiQt

10

ctia X6 va X",

dO

Td, Tt

vi dqr nhu Xr,

, Tz, Te va T".

- M6i nbng dQ X sE cho
dng. Ndi

ta mQt didm tr6n dtrdng cAn beng c6 nhiQt d0 ttfdng
edc didm nby l+i ta sd dtrgc dtrdng cong cAn bXng hiQu chinh.

rfrun rcicn rHufc rHAp

g rn-

r-rAp rHU.

Cdc kich thrtdc chf yO'u cfia th6p hdp thg mi ta cbn ph6i xric dlnh lA tltrdng
k(nh vir chibu cao thdp. Nhu v6y, tldi vdi thrip tlgm ta dn phdi tinh sd don vi truybn
khdi vi chibu cao mQt tlon v! truybn khdi, d6i vdi thrip mAm ta phAi xdc dinh drrgc
sd m$m thtlc td cia thrip vi khoang crich girla cdc mAm, tfi d6 mdi suy ra chibu eao
thdp.

r/- Tinh th6p dem.
al- Xdc itinh sf don vi trrybn khdi mv

t - T"orrg trrrdng -hgp dung dich hdp thrf dfm dac thi mv

6 dAng

trinh

phrrcrng

sau:
Y6
Ii-u-f :

r dy T-rir1,
2
Y"Y-Y*
---------J

1+,Y"

(r- 10)

1+Y6

- Trong trr-tdng hgp dung dich hdp thu loSng thi phtrong trinh

c6

d+ng don gi6n

hon:
Y6

fdY
rDy_J
'

(

Y"Y

1- 11)

Y*

Ta s6 ding tich phAn db thi dd xric dlnh s6 don vi truybn khdi my, trong
Y - Y'la dQng lgc ctia qud trinh truybn khdi.

d6

- Ndu dudng

cong cAn bang c6 doqn nhm giria 2 nbng dQ Ya vb Y" ld doqn
th&ng ho{c.gpn nhu th&ng, thi m y drrge tinh theo c6ng thdc nit ggn sau:
IIty :

trong

Yd Y.

(Y

(1- L2)

Y*)ro

d6:

Cr

Y*)ro

=

Cru

- vb - g'-- vll
Y6 Y;

(1- 13)

t"""-i

- Sd tlon vi truybn kh6'i my cbn c6 thd xric dinh mQt cdch don giAn theo phrrong
ph,ip dO thi cfia Baker nhu sau:
Ta v6 nhrlng dudng th8ng !, 2, 3... song song vdi trgc tung vh ndi nhrlng tlidm
girla L', 2', 3' ...thdnh mQt dtrdng cong phg A'P' nhm girla ilrrdng cAn bing vd drrdng

11


\
Yr

x+

X.

'

Ht

nh

/a

1.4

lirm viQe AP. Bdt dbu tt] A v6 edc do4n nlm ngang vir th8ng ddng sao cho:
AI = IB; CK - KD; EL = LF ...v...v vh didm C, E phAi nim trdn drriing l)rm
viQc. Nhtr 1r4y ta t4o ra nhrSng bge thang mi m6i bfc li mQt tlon vi truybn khdi.
bl- Xdc

ilinh chibu caa. mbt don vi

truybn

khdi:

'

Khi d6 bi6t sd don vi truybn khdi thi ta cbn x:ic dlnh chibu cao tudng dng m0t
dcrn v! truybn khdi hy dd suy ra chibu cao eQt dQm H ebn thidt cho qu trinh hdp
thu:

H-

hy [m]

trong d6 hy dtroc xac dinh theo phddng trinh

(

rrry

sau:

hy=hs*?nt

(1- 15)

6 dAy:
h6 la chibu cao mQt don vi truybn khdi ttldng tfng
h1 le chibu cao mQt don vi truybn khdi trlcrng tlng
m ta hQ sd g5c cria drrdng cAn bhng'

I le ltrgng dung mOi tiOu tdn riOng (l:
Ta c6 thd

drra

h6:

*d,ru rr1,

3

pha

khi

[m]

pha l6ng tml

I;.
G

vao c6c cOng thtic thr{c nghi.em sau

vr

1- 14)

dAY

dd

tfnh h6 vA hl:
(1-16)

avo

t\

h1 =

(1- L7)

zsllryl"u nd 'tu Prl'u
\P*l

trong dd:
12


%- thd tich tg do efia dgm, m3/m3

m{t ri6ng ctia dQm, m2lm3.
a- hg sd phg thuQc vio dang dQm:
o- bb

- dQm vbng a = 0,123
- tlpm

96

= 0,152
?- hg sd thdm udt, phg thuQc mft
nghiQm (tra sd tay)
F.^-

a

ttQ trrdi, drrgc

xric dlnh theo s6 lipu thgc

tlQ nhd't pha l6ng, N.s/mz

pr- khdi lugng'riOng pha l6ng, kg/m3
Cdc cOng thrlc ehudn sd Re", Pr" cho pha khi

tinh nhu

4Gt,

o\y

Tt

R".

d

vi Re" ,Pr" cho pha 16ng tlrrgc

sau:

4I4
: #t
vrx

ltY

Drty

p:r Dy
Fx

Pr* =

P* D*

clAy:

Gy, L*- t6e dQ khdi ltrong cria

khi vh l6ng tuong .fng mQt don vi tidt di6n

ngang

cria thrip, kg/mz. s.

y, py- dQ nhdt vA khdi ltrgng ri6ng pha khi, N . s/m2 vi
D, D*- hQ sd khudch tdn trong pha khf vh l6ng, m2ls.

t

Kglm3.

Ghi chi.
- Khi lga chgn cd dQm cho cOt th6p nOn chri y ddn in6i trlong quan girla dudng
kfnh. vflt tlQm d vA drrdng kfnh cQt hdp thq D nhrJ sau:

'

l=9,1
8D15

- Ndu k6't qua tinh to6n cho ta

cQt dQm qud cao thi ph6i c6t ra nhibu ttogn dd
bd tri viQc.phAn bd lai chdt l6ng. Theo kinh nghiQm thge td, chibu cao mQt cQt tlQm
e6 thd ld'n hon dtrdng kfnh thrip tt] 3 ddn 10 lbn.

2/- Tinh thrip mAm
al- Cdth xdc dinh sd mdm thqc t{.
aay chi gidi thiQu c6ch xdc dinh sd mAm thr/c td bing & thi, eq thd li trOn
f0 thi Y-X ta vE th€m drrdng eong phg, hay cbn ggi li drrdng cong hiQu sudt, vb tt
tl6 ta vE cric bfc thang ttd xdc dinh sd mAm thtrc.

d

13


Ye

il,r

{*

xr Xs X. X

Hinh

1.5

Mudn vd dr/dng cong phg, ta cbn phdi bi6t hiQu sudt mAm. Ta c6 thd tinh hieu
sudt mam 6 5 vi tri kh6c nhau cda thdp, trong d6 c6 2 vi trf dinh vA tt6y th6p
(tuong fng vdi nbng dO & ui &) vh 3 vi tri bdt k) khric c5 nbng dQ nlm trong
khoAng grtta & rd &, tt d6 xAy dgng l6n drrdng cong phg: drrdng D123C tr€n dd

thi.
Sau dAy xin gidi thi$u mQt vei phudng phrip thgc nghiQm dd xdc dinh hiQu sudt
mAm.

Phtrong phrip Walter-SherWood:

Cdng thfc thr{c nghiQm dd

tinh hieu sudt

mAm chdp c6 dqng:

_ I -e -a

(1-18)

d5:

trong

11,7

f=

4h

(

1e)

1-

6,q55) 0, 68 00,33
2,5i0+-6, , PL S
bP
b

['
vdi v ng
hIla
r$ola
h- ch reuu
r\

cao
ca(

)'

riQu
ulnlrhuIJI satu:
crit
dc ky hi(

rinh

hrlddpICchdft l6ng trOn mAm, m.
tr;rulnglbin

;rn
ftc rhuunl
nl8,artrn
lu6t
P. rip su
rIl18'.cl:p
)n
a pheali
16n1
ria
rdt ctir
nhdt
FL- d(0)n

),.m
ldo.
rhtec)hd'
lbuijr r0r
r0n 8lkh
s- chi1e
Pt
a\

b-

he

sd cria dtrdng cAn blng "nghich

dAo",

Kmol

\

m3 . atm
1I

DUdng
rl
lKmoll \

cAn blng "nghich d6o" niy c6

trgc tung

bidu di6n nbng dQ pha l6n;g

I
lva trgc hohnh lA dp'suAt ri€ng phbn [atmJ cria cdu tt? khi bi hdp thg.
1tu3 J
Nhtt vAY mudn vE bidu d6 niry ta cbn phai bi6'n adi lai nbng d0 cdc pha
thfch hgpa

/

14

chcr


Vi6c tinh rip suAt riOng phhn p ttt nbng

nhrt

ttQ

phhn mol tuong d6i Y. khi cAn blng

sau:

Y*."\r

P :-

i". O

f

[atm}

Bi6n ddi nbng d0 dung dich nhu sau:

^ pdd X
Maa l+X
trong

1-20)

(

1-21)

-

lx*orl
l-t

:

{

L*tJ

d6:

P- rip suAt chung, atm

Y'- nbng dQ phbn mol trlong ttdi pha khf cAn blng,

Kmol

Kmol khi tro

X- nbng tl6 phhn mol trrong cl6i pha
paa-

16119,

--5*o!-.
Kmold.m

khdi lrrgng riOng dung d!ch, 16
m3

&l*Nhq

,
t

phAn

tf

.
\ I
r
r. r
khdi r---,,,,trung rbinh
cria dung
dich,

a-Z t-Ll':

kg

**"O

r vfly, he sd g6c b s6 cd dang:

b_C= paa.1 +Y'. X
p lvloa l+X y.p

$-22)

nr;i ta bi€t: F=my1X (phuong trinh dudng cdn bing)

tit
..
,

d6 ta c6:

I

b_Pdd.1+Y'

Maa 1+X

myxP

i Viy, ta cd thd x6c dlnh hQ sd goc b tr] cric sd hipu cta dtrdng cAn blng Y-X.
:

NhBn x6t qua c0ng thfc tfnh ct4i lugng a: dp sudt chung P tr6n cdc m&m coi
hhu kh0ng ttdi trong trrrdng hgp thrip kh6ng ldn ho{c thay tldi khong tking kd, chibu
rgng khe chdp s nhu nhau, chibu cao ldp chdt l6ng h tr6n m6m c6 thd giri thi6t

nhu nhau tr€n cdc mAm. Dgi lugng b phg thuQc vio nbng d0 Y, X vh hQ sd cAn
bbng ny3, cbn dQ nhdt"pl cria dy*g dieh--ohd. ydu phg lhuQc vdo nhipt dQ, vi bidn

'

.

thi0n nbng ttQ c6 thd b6 qua.
- Phuong phrip thr,rc nghiQm O'Connell:
Theo phrrong phrip niry

thi

hiQu sudt mAm chi phq thuQc

./
15

vio

hQ sd g6e tludng


cAn bhng

mi

dg nhdt crla dung dich pL [cp], trong d6 m

*,

- y fx,

Nhu vfly, d{a vho db thi ta xdc dinh hiQu sudt mam
nhau, tfr d6 ta s6 c6 5 didm vd dtrdng cong Ph$

d

khodng

5 vi tri

kl:ric

o.'f

t00

c

5?

ffi

z0
t0

(
\tU"

7.J,

L

I

ffik*-

4

8.5

At
1t)t0

*Ju,

Hinh 1.6 : Db tni hiQu sudt rndm

bl- Xtic dinh khodng

cd.ch

gita

4 0lila

theo

(,rt-

T)

phtong phdp O' Connell

cdc mdm.

Kho6ng cdch giria cdc mAm dtrgc xdc dinh bhng sd liQu thr{c nghiQm, c6 thd tra
cdrr & c6,c sd tay. Ch,n phai luLr ! la khoAng cdch mAm chdp ldn hon mAm 16 khdng
c6 6'119 chiy truybn trong cing mQt kich thudc drrdng kinh thrip nhu nhau.

Chibu cao thrip cd thd xdc dinh theo cOng thtfc:
Hr = n(h + s) + (0,8 + 1) [m]

t

(L-24)

trong d6
n- sd mtm th{c td ctia th6P.
h- khodng c6ch giria c6c mAm, m
s- chibu dhy ctia mAm, m
Ddi vdi thrip dQm, chibu cao th6p cring tfnh blng crich ldy chibu cao cQt clpm H
cQng th6m mQt tl6 dii khoAng tr} 0,8 + 1 m nhu trCn'
ViQc tfnh todn drrdng kinh th6p vi tr& lgc ctia thrip drrgc trinh biy dhy dri trong
c6c tiri lipu girio trinh vd sd tay kf srr h6a chdt, E dAy kh6ng cbn thidt ph6i nOu l?i.
Khi thi6t kd thdp hdp thq li6n tge cbn phii chti y ddn co cdu th6o dung dicb
16


r

.L

L

F
Hinh 1.7

ra d d6y thdp, cq thd li ph6i t4o ra mQt eQt chdt l6ng h c6 trd luc ldn hon trd lgc
trong thrip nhim ngen ehdn hiQn tugng phqt khi ra & ddy thrlp.
Phr:L chil.

'

Cdc chi
dri trong gido

tiSt tr6n mAm nhtr chdp, 16, 6ng chdy truybn v..v... c6 trinh bdy dby
trinh vA c6c sd tay li6n quan.

- Thidt bi ph,+ chn tinh todn lh bom, qugt, mdy n6n, thiSt b! trao adi nhigt...
- Khi c6 y6u du thu hbi chdt khi bi hap thr; thi phAi tinh todn thom thidt bi
nha (thi6t b! chtrng cdt). Tham khAo d phhn tinh todn thi6't kd cQt chung cdt.

H. sd Ifenri

Bing l-1
If.10-6 mmHg cfra mQt sd dung dich Khi-nrfdc.

Khf

Nhiot d0 , "c
5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Hz

46,2

48,3

50,2

51 ,9

53,7

55,4

56,4

57,1

57,7

58,1

Na

45,4

50,8

56,1

61 ,1

65,7

74,2

74,8

79,2

82,g

85,9

co

30

33,6

37,2

40,7

44

47,1

50,1

52,9

55,4

57,8

Oz

22,1

24,9

27,7

30,4

33,4

36,1

38,5

44,7

42,8

44,7

CHa

19,7

22,6

25,6

28,5

31,4

34,4

37

39,5

41,8

43,9

NO

14

16

18,4

24,1

21 ,8

23,5

25,2

26,8

28,3

29,e,

CaH+

4,96

5,84

6,8

7,74

8,67

9,62

COa

0,666

4,792

0,93

1,08

1,24

1

,59

1,77

1,95

2,15

17

,41

1


Nhigt d0 , 'C

Khf

35

40

45

50

0,502

0,553

0,600

0,643

0,677

0,414

0,463

0,514

0,566

0,618

0,672

0,0451

0,056

0,0688

0,083

0,1 04

aJ2

0,00193

0,00208

0,00223

0,00241

14,4

17,2

20

23

26

5

10

15

20

25

30

CeHe

0,64

0,73

0,82

0,92

1,01

1.11

Cla

0,25

0,297

0,0346

4,402

0,454

HeS

0,239

0,278

0,321

0,367

Bre

0,0209

0,a278

0,0354

NHo

0,00168

0,0018

CzHo

1

1,8

0,1

45

a,aa227
29,1

32,2

35,2

37,9

HCI

0,00191

0,00197

0,00203

0,00209

0,00215

0,0022

o,aa227

0,00229

SOa

0,0152

0,0184

0,422

0,0265

0,031

0,0364

0,0495

0,0653

NaO

0,88

1,072

1,261

1,505

1,970

2,297

KhOng

37,1

41 ,7

46,1

50,4

54,7

58,6

62,5

66,1

69,3

71,9

khi

Bing

1-z
Sd lieu cffn bhng cfra dung dich hdp thrl Otanol-ntf 6e

t0c

26,66

30,0

33,27

36,33

x (phEn mol)

0

0,00497

0,00989

0,01 475

y (phhn mol)

0

0,00302

0,00658

0,01316

Bing 1-g
Sd liQu cAn bhng cria dung dich hdp thg m6thanol-nrt'6c

x
(% mol)

Ap sudt hsi m6thanol cAn blng

Nhiet hba tan 6 26,60c

mmHg

Kcal

39,goc

59,40c,

0

0

0

5

25,0

s0

10

46,0

142

15

66,5

1s1

1B

Kmol metanol

1

507

-1315,5
1

126,8


Tei li$u tham khdo
L. - H.Sawistowski, W.Smith.- Mass Transfer Process Calculations,
1963,.London

2. - R.E.Treybal.- Mass Transfer Operations, 1968, New York

3. - T.KSherwood, R.L.Pigford.- Absorption and Extraetion,

1951,

Cambridge

r 4. - K.F.Pavlov, P.G.RomanKov, L.L.NocKov.- Nhrlng vf dg vi
tflp vb qtr.i trinh vi c6ng nghg hda hgc, 1964, Matscova.
5. - Sd tay Quri trinh

vi

Thidt bi

COng nghQ H6a chdt,

bAi

t$p 2, Hh

nOi.

6. - Gi6o trinh "Qud trinh

vi thiSt bi eOng nghQ h6a hoc" tSp 10:

Vi du vh bii t$p. DHBK TP HCM, 1992.

19