chuyên đề REPORTED SPEECH

Directed speech and reported speech
I. Lời nới trực tiếp và lời nói gián tiếp
1. Lời nói trực tiếp: là sự lặp lại chính xác những từ của người nói.
- Lời nói trực tiếp được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép và sau động từ chính có dấu phẩy(,) hoặc dấu
hai chấm(:).
- Đôi khi mệnh đề chính cũng có thể đặt sau lời nói trực tiếp.
Ex: “ I don’t like this party” Bill said.
2. Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi
không cần phải dung đúng những từ của người nói.
Ex: Bill said that he didn’t like that party.
II. Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở hiện tại
Ex: My teacher of Geography says, “ The Sun rises in the East.”
My teacher of Geography says ( that ) the Sun rises in the East.
S1 + says (that) + S2 + V’ + O’
III. Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở quá khứ
Ex: Nam said, “ I am doing my homework now.”
Nam said (that) he was doing his homework then.
* Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp ( Statements in reported speech)
Statement
Reported speech

S+V+O

said / to Sb (O) + That + S2V2
S1 + told (O)
+ That + S2V2
talked
+ about st
*Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: thought, announced,
explained, complained, believed…

EX:

They said, “We’ll return to Paris next month”
- They said they would return to Paris the month after.

Những quy tắc biến đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp

Rule(Q
Tắc)

1.
Verbs

Direct speech (Trực tiếp)
Present simple (V/Vs/es)
Present progressive (is/am/are+Ving)
Present perfect (have/has+VpII)
Past simple (Ved)
Past progressive (was/were +Ving)

Past perfect
Future simple (will +V)
Near future (is/am/are +going to+V)
2.
Will
Modal Can
verbs May
Must
3.
This

Adverb These
of place Here
(Động
từ)

Reported speech (Gián tiếp)
Past simple (Ved)
Past progressive (was/were+Ving)
Past perfect (had+VPII)
Past perfect (had +VpII)
Past progressive/
Past perfect progressive (had +been +Ving)
Past perfect
Future in the past (would +V)
Was/were +going to +V
Would
Could
Might
Must/Had to
That
Those
There


4.
Now
Adverb Today
of time Yesterday
The day before yesterday
Tomorrow

The day after tomorrow
Ago
This week
Last week
Last night
Next week
5.
I / me
Subject We /our
/Object You/you

Then
That day
The day before/ the previous day
Two days before
The day after/the next (following)day
Two days after/ in two days’ time
Before
That week
The week before/ the previous week
The night before
The week after/ the following week
She, he /Her, him
They/ us
I, we/ me, us

*Câu mệnh lệnh, câu yêu cầu, câu đề nghị, lời khuyên….trong lời nói gián tiếp ( Orders, requests,
offers, advice… in indirect speech)
Order

Reported speech

Asked/told + Object (+ not) + To-infinitive
S1 + Offered/recommended (+ Object) + To-infinitive

V+O

*Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: commanded, requested,
begged, promised, advised, invited, reminded…

* Câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp (Questions in reported speech)
Questions
1. Yes/No questions
Auxiliary + S + V + O?
(Do/does/did/had/will)
2. Wh – questions
WH + Auxiliary + S + V + O?

Reported speech
S1

+ asked (+ Object) + If/whether + S2V2

S1 + asked (+ Object) + WH + S2V2
*Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: inquired, wondered,
wanted to know…

* Lưu ý, trong những trường hợp sau động từ không biến đổi
1. Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lí hay một thói quen ở hiện tại
EX:

1. My father said “New York is bigger than London”
- My father said that New York is bigger than London
2. The teacher said, “The moon moves around the earth”
- The teacher said that the moon moves around the earth.
3. He said, “ I always drink milk for breakfast”
- Peter said that he always drinks milk for breakfast.
2. Lời nói trực tiếp có các động từ tình thái như: could, would, should, might, ought to, used to, had better.
EX: My friend said, “You had better contact with her”
- My friend said that I had better contact with her.
3. Lời nói trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại II hoặc câu điều kiện loại II.
He said, “ If I were you, I wouldn’t wait”
- He said that if he were me he wouldn’t wait.
4. Thời quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn có thời gian các định hoặc thuộc mệnh đề chỉ thời gian.
1. She said, “My mother arrived on Monday”
- She said that her mother arrived on Monday.
2. He said, “When I saw them, they were playing tennis”
- He said when he saw them they were playing tennis.

EXERCISES ON REPORTED SPEECH


I. Turn these sentences into Reported speech.
1.

She said,” I can’t find my umbrella”

 ___________________________________________________________

2.

They said, “We are learning English now”

___________________________________________________________

3.

“ My friend is coming next week”, Tom said.

 ___________________________________________________________

4.

“ I’ll help my mum with housework this weekend”

___________________________________________________________

2.

“We shall overcome this difficulty”, they said

 ___________________________________________________________

3.

“ My father is a doctor here”, my friend said

 ___________________________________________________________

4.

“I am going on holiday tomorrow”, the boy said to his neighbor.

___________________________________________________________

5.

“ You will have to finish all these exercises before next week”, the teacher said to his students

 ___________________________________________________________

6.

“ I came back here early yesterday,” she said.

 ___________________________________________________________

7.

“ I’ve broken the vase,” she said

___________________________________________________________

8.

“ I will never see you again,” the boy said to the girl.

 ___________________________________________________________

9.

He said to her, “You are my friend.”

___________________________________________________________

10.

Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to do this axercise.”

 ___________________________________________________________

11.

“We are waiting for the school bus”, said the chidren.

 ___________________________________________________________

12.

Marry said, “My father died a year ago”.

___________________________________________________________

13.

John said, “I have finished studying my lesson”.

___________________________________________________________

14.

Mary said, “I can not go to the movies with you, John”.

___________________________________________________________

15.

“I shall expect to see you next Wednesday.” Mary said to her friend.

___________________________________________________________

16. He said, “I don’t know what happened.”
________________________________________________
17. She said, “I went to the doctor yesterday.”
________________________________________________
18. He said, “I have a toothache.”
________________________________________________
19. She said, “I’ll write him a prescription.”
________________________________________________
20. They said, “We’re going to the drugstore.”
________________________________________________
21. He said, “The doctor gave me some pills.”
________________________________________________
22. She said, “I go to the supermarket every day.”
________________________________________________
23. He said, “I have received the envelope.”


________________________________________________
24. They said, “We visited Cannery Row.”
________________________________________________

25. She said, “I feel very sick.”
________________________________________________
26. He said, “I bought some popcorn.”
________________________________________________
27. They said, “We’re flying to California.”
________________________________________________
28. He said, “I’m cutting off the main valve.”
________________________________________________
29. Nam said, “my uncle often plants the vegetables in the afternoon.”
……………………………………………………………………... …
30. “My uncle will not plant the vegetables tomorrow afternoon”, she said.
……………………………………………………………………………….
31. “Mr and Mrs Pike have just read these newspapers”, Nga said.
……………………………………………………………………………
32. She said, “I often listen to music at night.”
………………………………………………………
33. Lan’s mother said, “ My daughter usually brushes her teeth before meals.”
…………………………………………………………………………………
34. They said, “We have to do the assignments now.”
…………………………………………………………….
35. Lan says, “My sister seldom rides a bike to school.”
………………………………………………………...
36. They said, “Our teacher sometimes explains the difficult lesson.”
………………………………………………………………………….
37. Nam said, “ I am doing my homework now.”
…………………………………………………………
II. Change the sentences below into direct speech.
1. My mother told me that she was sad then.
 ___________________________________________________________

2. One of my friends said that she liked learning English with her teacher.
___________________________________________________________

3. The doctor told me that I could leave the hospital that day.
 ___________________________________________________________

4. The film director said that she was willing to work then.
___________________________________________________________

5. The teacher told his students that he would be busy the following month.
 ___________________________________________________________

6. Tom invited me to his birthday party.
 ___________________________________________________________

7. She said the doctor had written her a prescription.
________________________________________________
8. He said that he had a toothache.
________________________________________________
9. She said she went to the museum every day.
________________________________________________
10. They said they were going to the supermarket.
________________________________________________
11. She said that the doctor had given her some pills.
________________________________________________.


III Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1. She said to him: “give me another glass of wine”.
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

2. She said to me: “bring me a book”.
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

3. Mother said to him: “open the window please!”.
………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………

4. He said to me: “shut the door after you”.
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

5. The captain said to them: “wait here still I come back”.
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

6. She told her: “take it and come with me”.
………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………

7. He said to me: “don’t come back before one o’clock”.
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

8. My mother told me: “don’t forget to look at the door”.
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

9. He said to his brother: “don’t open the window, open the door”.
………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………

10. He said to the girl: “don’t sit on my bed, sit on this chair please!”.
………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………

11. The teacher said: “I am a teacher”.
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

12. She said to me “I have a big house”
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

13. She said to me : “I am going to the party”.
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

14. She said to me: “I gave him your letter.”
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

15. She said: “I have finished my work.”
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

16. Nam said: “I am not a pupil.”
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

17. Nam said: “I am going to Ho Chi Minh city.”
………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………

18. He said to me: “I have gone to your house.”
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

19. She says: “I knew your difficulties.”
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

20. He said to me: “I gave him your present.”
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

21. He asked me: “Who is Oliver Twist?”
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

22. My mother asked me: “What‘s the matter with you?”
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

23. I asked him: “Which book do you find?”
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

24. He asked me: “When do you finish your work?”
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

25. Mai asked me: “Why didn’t you come?”
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

26. She says: “She had a wonderful evening.”
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

27. The teacher tells us: “You should learn harder and harder.”
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

28. My mother says that: “We are having a party tomorrow.”
………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………

29. I say to him: “Our teacher will come on time.”
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

30. Mai‘s parents say that: “We are going to invite twenty guests to the party.


IV. Change the following sentences into reported speech:

1. “Open the door,” he said to them.
-He told them...................................................................
2. “Where are you going?” he asked her.
-He asked her where.........................................................
3. “Which way did they go?” he asked.
-He asked... ......................................................................
4. “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to her.
-I told... ............................................................................
5. “Don’t try to open it now,” she said to us.
-She told... ........................................................................
6. “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her.
-I asked her... ....................................................................
7. “He’s not at home”, she said.
-She said that... .................................................................
8. “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked.
-The girl wanted to know... ..............................................
9. “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said.
-Tom told Ann... ...............................................................
10. “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to her.
-He asked... ........................................................................
11. “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked.
-Thomas asked Jean.....
12. Don’t leave the window open, Mary”, I said.
-I told Mary.... ...................................................................
13. “I’ll have a cup of tea with you,” she said.
She said that...
14. “I’ll pay him if I can” she said.
-She said that... ...................................................................
15. “What are you going to do next summer?” she asked.
- She asked us.... ...................................................................

16. “I’ll phone you tomorrow,” he told Jack.
-He told Jack that.... .............................................................
17. “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked.
-Tom asked Jean.... ..............................................................
18. “I want a camera for my birthday,” he said.
-He said that.... ...................................................................
19. “Don’t keep the door locked,” he said to us.
-He told us.... ...................................................................


20. “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him.
-I asked him how long....
21. “Are you going by train?” she asked me.
-She wanted to know.... ..................................................
22. “Don’t use too much hot water,” she said to us.
-She asked us.... ..............................................................
23. “Will you come to my party?” she said to me.
-She invited me.... ............................................................
24. “Don’t do it again,” she said to them.
She told them..................................................................
25. “ Did Mr Brown send the potatoes to you?” she asked.
-She asked.......................................................................
26. “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys,” she said.
-She told..........................................................................
27. “What do you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked.
-Mary asked.......................................................................
28. “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter.
- Peter asked if .......................................................................
29. “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager.
-The office manager wondered............................................................

30. “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,’’ said John.
-John advised Elizabeth........................................................................
31. “You stole my best cassette, Amanda!” said John.
-John accused.......................................................................................
32. “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Mary.
-Mary accused......................................................................................
33. “When was your little boy born?” said the nurse to Mrs. Bingley.
-The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley...............................................................
34. “You should take more exercise, Mr. Robert,” the doctor said.
-The doctor advised................................................................................
35. “Will I find a job?”, Tim said to himself.
-Tim wondered.......................................................................................
36. “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Susan.
-Paul apologized.....................................................................................
37. “When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?” Martha asked.
- Martha asked Peter when.....................................................................
38. “Can I have a new bicycle?” said Anna to her mother.
-Anna asked............................................................................................


39.. “Don’t leave the house until I get back, William”, his mother said.
- William’s mother told..........................................................................
40. “Don’t bite your nails,” said Mrs. Rogers to her son.
-Mrs. Rogers told....... .............................................................................
41. “I’ve seen the film three times, Mary” said George.
-George said............................................................................................
42. “I’m sorry, Angela,” said Martin, “I’m afraid I’ve damaged your car.
-Martin apologized..................................................................................
43. “Have you had enough for lunch?” the landlady asked us.
-The landlady asked................................................................................

44. “ John, please don’t tell anyone my new address,” said Mary.
-Mary asked............................................................................................
45. “Breakfast will not be served after 9. 30” said the notice.
-The notice said that..............................................................................
46. “Where is the best place to buy souvenirs?”
-I asked..................................................................................................
47. “Don’t forget to bring your passport with you tomorrow”
- She reminded me ................................................................................
48. “Do not write on the wall,” said the teacher to the boys.
-The teacher told the boys………………………………………..........
49. “How many jobs have you had since 2000?” the interviewer asked Mr.
Simpson.
- The interviewer asked ...........................................................................
50. “Why didn’t you report the incident to the police?” the officer asked
the frightened witness.
- The officer wanted to know...................................................................


ĐÁP ÁN
1. He told them to open the door.
2. He asked her where she was going.
3. He asked me which way they had gone.
4. I told her to bring it back if it didn’t fit.
5. She told us not to try to open it then.
6. I asked her whether/ if it was going to be a fine day that day.
7. She said that he was not at home.
8. The girl wanted to know whether/ if the bus station was far away.
9. Tom told Ann not to stay out late.
10. He asked her to let him borrow her car.
11. Thomas asked Jean whether/if she had seen his gloves.

12. I told Mary not to leave the window open.
13. She said that she would have a cup of tea with me.
14. She said that she would pay him if she could.
15. She asked us what we were going to do the following summer.
16. He told Jack that he would phone him the following day.
17. Tom asked Jean whether/if he could sit beside her.
18. He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday.
19. He told us not to keep the door locked.
20. I asked him how long he was going to stay.
21. She wanted to know whether I was going by train.
22. She asked us not to use too much hot water.
23. She invited me to come to her party.
24. She told them not to do it again.
25. She asked whether/ if Mr. Brown sent the potatoes to me.
26. She told the boys not to get their shoes dirty.
27. Mary asked what Peter wanted for lunch that day.


28. Peter asked Janet whether/ if he could borrow her typewriter.
29. The office manager wondered why he hadn’t got a computer before.
30. John advised Elizabeth not to lend him any more money.
31. John accused Amanda of stealing his best cassette.
32. Mary accused John of damaging her bicycle.
33. The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley where her little boy had been born.
34. The doctor advised Mr. Robert to take more exercise.
35. Tim wondered whether/ if he would find a job.
36. Paul apologized to Susan for giving her the wrong number.
37. Martha asked Peter when the first day of his holiday was.
38. Anna asked her mother whether/ if she could have a new bicycle.
39. William’s mother told him not to leave the house until she got back.

40. Mrs. Rogers told her son not to bite his nails.
41. George said to Mary that he had seen the film three times.
42. Martin apologized to Angela for having damaged her car.
43. The landlady asked us whether/if we had had enough for lunch.
44. Mary asked John not to tell anyone her new address.
45. The notice said that breakfast would not be served after 9.30.
46. I asked where the best place to buy souvenirs was.
47. She reminded me to bring my passport with me the following day.
48. The teacher told the boys not to write on the wall.
49. The interviewer asked Mr. Simpson how many jobs he had had since
2000.
50. The officer wanted to know why the frightened witness hadn’t reported
the incident to the police.
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