Web server administration chap01

Web Server Administration
Chapter 1
The Basics of Server and Web
Server Administration
1


Overview
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Review the Internet and the World
Wide Web
Learn about server administration
Learn about Web server administration
Explore the common tasks and
services performed by administrators
Examine networking building blocks
Compare Web server platforms
2


Review the Internet and
the World Wide Web
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The Internet is a worldwide network of
networks
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Where the Internet uses the HTTP
protocol, it is called the Web
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Shares WAN used by the international
telecommunications network
Uses TCP/IP

Web servers use HTTP to communicate

The Internet is not centrally controlled
3


Review the Internet and
the World Wide Web
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Internet had its origins in the 1960s
In 1995 a high-speed backbone was
created
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Included 4 network access points (NAPs)
More have been created since then

Now much Internet traffic is handled
without going through NAPs
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Peering agreements allow this
4


Understanding Server
Administration
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Server administrators
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Focus on the LAN
Provide access to software and
services
Make sure environment is reliable and
consistent
Minimize harm that users can do to
network
5


Working with Users
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A LAN can serve hundreds or even
thousands of users
Users need to be productive
Users like consistency
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Roaming profiles allow users to have
the same personalized desktop
environment on multiple computers
6


Establishing Access

Control
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Users need just enough access to do
their jobs, but not more
Typically, users are organized into
groups, and groups are given access to
network resources
Users can be given different access to
the same resources
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A document can be read by everyone but
modified by only specific people
7


Understanding the Server
Environment
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All but the smallest network includes

more than one server
With Windows computers, servers
and users’ computers can be
organized into domains in order to
centralize control
In Windows 2000 and Windows
Server 2003, domains can be
grouped into forests
8


Understanding Web server
Administration
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Web server administrators focus on
the Internet
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Need to work with ISPs and Web page
developers

Typically, a Web server provides
information to anyone who
requests it over the Internet
Web servers can contain other

applications such as FTP and e-mail
9


Understanding Web server
Administration
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Depending on the size of the
organization, some tasks may be
delegated
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Web page development
Database design
Programming
E-mail administration
Security
10


Selecting Programs and
Databases
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Web server administrators need to install
programming languages
Web developers use a variety of
languages
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Active Server Pages (ASP)
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ASP.Net
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Original language from Microsoft
A newer environment that includes many languages

Java Server Pages (JSP)
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Selecting Programs and
Databases
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Non-Microsoft languages are
popular, even on Microsoft Web

servers
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Perl – one of the first and still popular
PHP – easy to use
Java Server Pages (JSP)
Macromedia ColdFusion
12


Selecting Programs and
Databases
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A database management system (DBMS)
is used to store data used with Web
pages
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Microsoft Access is appropriate for small sites
Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle 9i, and MySQL
are sophisticated DBMSs for larger sites

Standard Query Language (SQL) is the

language used to communicate with the
DBMS
13


Managing E-mail Servers
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Open by design to accept e-mail
from anyone
Spam can be a problem to manage
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Specific utilities can be used to help
minimize spam

Viruses are commonly sent by e-mail
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Use virus detection software and keep it
updated
14


Other Applications
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Firewall
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FTP
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Helps protect your Web server environment
from attack
A service that allows users to download files
from and upload files to a server

DNS
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Translates host names such as
www.technowidgets.com to an IP address
15


Administrators' Common
Tasks and Services
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Installing and configuring systems
Maintaining security
Monitoring the system
Maintenance and backup

16


Network Building BlocksThe OSI Model
Layer Name

Description

7

Application

Responsible for low-level application access to the network.

6

Presentation

Can convert data into a format that is understandable to the
Application layer.

5

Session

Can open, maintain, and shut down communication.

4

Transport

Responsible for transporting the data from one computer to another.
(TCP and UDP)

3

Network

Primarily responsible for addressing between two computers. (IP
and ICMP)

2

Data Link

Responsible for the interface between the packets coming down
through the upper layers and the physical layer.

1

Physical

Responsible for transferring the data to the network medium.

17


TCP/IP Model
Layer
Name

Common
Components

OSI
Reference

Application

HTTP, SMTP, POP3
FTP, DNS

Application
Presentation
Session

Transport

TCP, UDP

Transport

Network

IP, ICMP

Network

Physical

Ethernet, FDDI

Data Link
Physical
18


TCP/IP Protocols
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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
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Web servers implement this protocol
Used by e-mail servers (and sometimes
Web servers) to send e-mail

Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3)
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Used to retrieve e-mail

19


TCP/IP Protocols
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File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
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Domain Name Service (DNS)
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Transfers files to and from server
Translates host names to IP addresses
and IP addresses to host names

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
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Creates a reliable connection between
two computers

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TCP/IP Protocols
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User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
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Internet Protocol (IP)
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Does not establish a connection, just
sends messages
Provides addressing scheme

Internet Control Message Protocol
(ICMP)
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Provides error messages
21


Connecting Your LAN to
the Internet

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Your ISP connects to the Internet
A WAN connection is used between
your building and the ISP
A T-Carrier connection is often
used
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A digital connection for voice and
data
22


Common T-Carrier
Connections

23


Connecting to the Internet

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Other ways to Connect to
the Internet

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Integrated services digital network (ISDN)
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Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
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Dial-up access
Basic Rate Interface (BRI) up to 128 Kbps
Primary Rate Interface (PRI) up to 1.544 Mbps
Often differing speeds for uploads and
downloads
Depending on type, up to 6.1 Mbps for
downloads and 1.544 Mbps for uploads

Cable Modem
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Shared access cable provided by cable TV
company
25