Web server administration chap03

Web Server Administration
Chapter 3
Installing the Server

1


Overview
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Prepare the server for system
installation
Understand the installation process
Install Windows 2000 Server,
Windows Server 2003, and Red Hat
Linux 8
Examine basic Linux commands
Configure TCP/IP
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Prepare the Server for
Installation
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A typical installation is from CD
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For Windows 2000, you can boot from a floppy
for network installation
For Linux, you can install from the network or
even using FTP

Production systems use a single-boot
system meaning only one OS is on a
computer
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You can put all described OSs on a single
computer which is a multi-boot
3


Checking Hardware
Compatibility
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Typically you have fewer problems if
you are using hardware designed for
a server from major manufacturers
IDE drives are always compatible
Make sure that you have the latest
drivers for SCSI and RAID controllers
With video adapters and NICs, it is
best to use ones from major vendors
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Checking Hardware
Compatibility
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You can have problems if you
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For Windows OSs
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www.microsoft.com/whdc/hcl/

For Red Hat Linux
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Put a system together yourself with the
latest or off-brand NICs, video adapters, and
RAID controllers
Try to upgrade an OS on old servers
because they sometimes have specialized
hardware that is not supported anymore

Hardware.redhat.com

More general Linux

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www.linuxcompatible.org
www.linux.org/hardware/

5


System Documentation
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Should be detailed enough for

inexperienced network administrator
System documentation is an ongoing
process
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Changes occur over the life of the
server
These changes need to be documented

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System Documentation
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Need compatibility information
Hardware information
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Server manufacturer, including model
information

Processor type and speed
Amount of RAM
Drive interface – RAID, SCSI, IDE
Hard disk – size, manufacturer, and model
NIC manufacturer and model
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System Documentation
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System information
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Partition information – number and
sizes
OS version installed
Latest software patches

Extra drivers needed
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URLs for latest drivers
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System Documentation
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Steps for installation including options
chosen
Keep documentation, CDs, drivers in a
binder
Know support details
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Who to call
Contract phone number
Type of support contract
Expiration of contract
9


The Installation Process
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The Setup program will ask you
about your system
You need to know the answers to
these questions before you start
Many of the questions are common
to all operating systems

10


The Installation ProcessPartitioning the Hard Disk
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A partition is a logical division of the hard
disk
A system boots from the primary partition
You can create an extended partition
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
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Gives you more logical drives in Windows
Gives you more Linux partitions
It is best to isolate the operating system from
applications

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If the application partition fills and the operating
system is on the same partition, the OS stops
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The Installation Process
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Six partitions are used for Linux by
default
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/ (root partition)
swap (used for virtual memory)
/boot (boot files – small)
/usr (shared files and programs)
/home (user files and programs)
/var (Web site, FTP, log files)

Just / and swap are required
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Managing Multiple Operating
Systems on a Single
Computer
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Useful for development purposes
Best to start with unpartitioned hard
disk
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Create one partition for each Windows OS
Allow Linux to create default partitions
Data???

Install Windows first, then Linux
Linux installation then produces a
menu to select Windows
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The Installation ProcessNaming Computers
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Identify a computer on the network
Windows communicates the computer
name to other computers on the subnet
so it should be unique
Name of computer is not related to how
the computer is recognized on the
Internet
In Linux, the hostname can exist on more
than computer, it only uses IP addresses
for communication
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The Installation ProcessLicensing
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Describes how the software can be used
For Windows 2000, Microsoft assumes that
you have the correct number of client access

licenses
For Windows Server 2003, each installation
must be activated by Microsoft*
Linux is basically free but there may be a cost
for packaging, support, and extras

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Based on the GNU general public license
Red Hat has personal, professional, and Advanced
Server options
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The Installation ProcessSelecting a File System
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A file system determines how files are
stored on a hard disk
Windows has two file systems
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FAT is based on the original DOS file system
and has no security

NTFS has security which is critical for a server

The default user file system in Red Hat
Linux 8 is ext3, which offers some
performance improvements over ext2
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Windows 2000 Server
Installation
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Requires a 25-character product key
In a production environment where you are
connected to the Internet, you will get an IP
address from your ISP
Although a 2 to 3 GB partition is enough, you
may want more
Use NTFS
As setup installs the networking components,
do not wander away otherwise it will accept
the default IP settings which you do not want
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Windows Server 2003
Installation




The procedures for installing Web,
Standard, and Enterprise editions
are the same
Installation is simpler than
previous versions of Windows
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Only essential information such as
computer name, licensing, password,
IP address, and domain membership
are requested
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Linux 8 Installation
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As is true with Windows, you can
generally accept the defaults
Remember to select Server as the
Installation Type

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This gives you a list of packages that are
appropriate for a server environment

Remember to select "No firewall"
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This makes it easier to configure and test
your own firewall (Chapter 10)
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Basic Linux Concepts
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No drive letters
The root is /
To use a floppy or CD-ROM, the device must be
mounted
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mount /mnt/floppy
mount /mnt/cdrom
Now you can copy files between your hard drive and
/mnt/floppy
When you double-click the CD-ROM or Floppy icon on the
desktop, the device is automatically mounted

Before you remove the floppy, you have to
unmount it to flush the file buffer, if you copied
files to it
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umount /mnt/floppy
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Shell Prompt
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Most work is done at the shell prompt
which is the command-line interface
ls – list files
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cd – change directory
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ls /mnt/floppy to see contents of floppy
cd /mnt/floppy

mkdir – create a directory
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mkdir /mnt/floppy/test

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Shell Prompt
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rmdir – remove a directory
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mv – move or rename a file
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cp var/ftp/ftpaccess /mnt/floppy

locate – find a file
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mv /etc/ftpaccess /var/ftp/ftpaccess

cp – copy a file
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rmdir /mnt/floppy/test

locate ftpaccess

kedit <filename> - start editing a file
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kedit /var/ftp/ftpaccess
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Kedit Text Editor
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The Kedit text

editor is
similar to
Windows
Notepad
Note that the
positioning of
the icons is
basically the
same as
Notepad
23


Configuring TCP/IP in
Windows
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To determine TCP/IP configuration, type
ipconfig at a command prompt

24


To Change the IP Address in
Windows
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From the Local Area Status dialog
box, click Properties
Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), then
click Properties
Now you can change the IP address
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The Advanced button allows you to add
multiple IP addresses for a single NIC

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