Lý thuyết và bài tập về bị động (cơ bản và nâng cao)

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PASSIVE VOICE
A. Remember
I. Structure

Be + Past participle (PP)

Active:

S

Passive:

S

V

O

( by + O)
( Be + PP)

Tenses

Active voice

Passive voice

Examples

The

present
simple

S+ V(s/es)

S+ am/is/are+ PP

My mother often takes me to the zoo on Sundays.

The
present
continuous

S+ am/is/are+
V_ing

S+ am/is/are+ being+ PP

The
present
perfect

S+ have/has+ PP

S+ have/has+ been+ PP

The past
simple

S+ V(ed)

The past
continuous

S+ was/ were+
V_ing

S+ was/were+ being+ PP

The past
perfect

S+ had+ PP

S+ had+ been+ PP

 I am often taken to the zoo by my mother on
Sundays.
We are conducting a research now.
 A research is being conducted by us now.
Tam has written letters since this morning.
 Letters have been written by Tam since this
morning.
S+ was/ were+ PP

Graham Bell invented telephone.
 Telephone was invented by Graham Bell.
They were watering flowers at 5 pm yesterday.
 Flowers were being watered at 5 pm
yesterday.

Lan had finished homework by 8 pm.
Homework had been finished by Lan by 8 pm.

The simple S+ will/ shall+
future
V_bare

S+ will/ shall+ be+ PP

The near
future

S+ am/is/are+
going to+ PP

S+ am/is/are+ going to+
be+ PP

Huan is going to learn French next month.

Modal
verb

S+ modal verb+
V_bare

S+ modal verb+ be+ PP

You should brush your teeth twice a day.

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She will repaint her room next year.
 Her room will be repainted by her next year.

 French is going to be learnt by Huan next
month.

 Your teeth should be brushed twice a day by
you.


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To V_bare

To+ V_bare

To+ be+ PP

I want Lam to repair my bike.
I want my bike to be repaired by Lam.

Gerund

V_ing

Being+ PP

I hate people laughing at me.
 I hate being laughed by people.



Note:

a. If subject of active voice is a noun of materials and tools, we will replace “by+ O” with “with+ O”.
Ex. Snow covers the ground in the winter.  The ground is covered with snow in the winter.
b. When the subject of active voice is indefinite pronouns (someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone,
everybody, something, anything, everything), people and they, we can omit “by+ O”.
Ex. Someone stole her bike last week.  Her bike was stolen last week.
c. Preposition of place is followed by “ by+ O” while preposition of time follows “by+ O”. Preposition of manner
is between “be” and PP.
Ex. His children bought two books at the bookstore yesterday.
 Two books were bought at the bookstore by his children yesterday.
Ex. Lam sometimes tidies his room on Saturdays.
 His room is sometimes tidied by Lam on Saturdays.
d. When a sentence has two objects, both of them can be the subject of passive voice. When the object is person, it
will be easier to write because we have to add some prepositions following verbs when the object is thing.
Ex. My teacher gave me a nice gift last birthday.
 I was given a nice gift by my teacher last birthday.
 A nice gift was given to me by my teacher last birthday.
II. Special cases
1. Verbs of perception (watch/ hear/ see/ smell/ taste/ feel)
Active voice
Passive voice
V + O + V1
Be + PP + to V1
V + O + Gerund
Be + PP + gerund
Ex. He saw Lan play the piano last week.  Lan was seen to play the piano by him last week.

I saw a cat climbing the wall.  A cat was seen climbing the wall by me.
2. Causative form (have/ get)
Active voice
Passive voice
Have someone do something
Have something + PP by somebody
Get someone to do something
Get something + PP by somebody
Ex. Huong had her mother make a big birthday cake two days ago.
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 Huong had a big birthday cake made by her mother two days ago.
You should get the hairdresser to cut your hair.
 You should get your hair cut by the hairdresser.
3. Imperative
Active voice
V_bare+ O.
Don’t+ V_bare+ O.
Ex. Don’t open the door!  Let the door not be opened.

Passive voice
Let+ O+ be+ PP.
Let+ O+ not+ be+ PP.

4. Verbs of opinion (report/ say/ believe/ rumour/ think/ know/ consider/ claim/ expect/ understand)
Active: S1+ verb1 (that) + S2+ verb2.
Passive:
 It + be + PP (verb1)+ S2+ verb2

 If verb 2 happens after or at the same as verb 1: S2+ be+ PP(verb1) + to V_bare(verb 2).
If verb 2 happens before verb 1: S2+ be+ PP(verb1)+ to have+ PP(verb 2).
Ex. People rumour that she is a good English teacher.
 It is rumoured that she is a good English teacher.
 She is rumoured to be a good English teacher.
They think that this house was built in 1904.
 It is thought that this house was built in 1904.
 This house is thought to have been built in 1904.
5. Special verbs: make, need, let
Special verbs
make

need

Active voice

Passive voice

Examples

Make
somebody/something+
V_bare

Somebody/something+ be
made+ to+ V_bare

My teacher made me do homework.

Need to+ V_bare

Something needs V_ing/ to
be+ PP

You need to cut your hair.

 I was made to do homework by
my teacher.

 Your hair needs cutting.

Somebody needs to be+ PP
let

Let somebody/something+
V_bare

B. Practise
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Somebody/something+ be
allowed+ to V_bare

My mother doesn’t let me go out late.
 I amnot allowed to go out late by
my mother.


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Exercise 1: Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.

1. Rice ………………….. in many tropical countries such as Vietnam and Thailand.
A. is grown

B. are grown

C. have grown

D. are growing

2. Lan can’t still believe in it! She ………………….. to be the winner of this competition last night.
A. chosen

B. was choosing

C. was chosen

D. chose

3. Let go ahead and try your best. Nothing ………………….. by waiting.
A. accomplished

B. will be accomplished

C. has accomplished

D. accomplishes

C. was light bulb invented

D. did light bulb invent

4. When ………………….. ? – In 1879.
A. light bulb was invented

B. did light bulb invented

5. Huong hates ………………….. by other students in her class.
A. criticizing

B. to criticize

C. be criticized

D. being criticized

6. Lunch ………………….. by my mother before my dad came back.
A. had prepared

B. had been prepared

C. were prepared

D. were preparing

7. Vitamin C ………………….. by the human body. It gets into the bloods stream quickly.
A. absorbs easily

B. is easily absorbing

C. is easily absorbed

D. is absorbed easily

C. is repairing

D. been repaired

8. We can’t go along this bridge. It ………………….. now.
A. is repaired

B. is being repaired

9. The beach ………………….. by students so it is very clean now.
A. has been cleaned

B. has cleaned

C. has been cleaning

D. is cleaned

10. My Tam ………………….. as the most popular singer in Viet Nam.
A. is considered widely

B. is widely considered

C. was considered widely

Exercise 2: Change the following sentences into the passive voice.
1. Gustave Eiffel built Eiffel tower in 1889.

 ……………………………………………………………………
2. Do they speak English in this area?.
…………………………………………………………………….
3. We are designing a modern house near the local park.
 ……………………………………………………………………
4. Nobody has used this room for ages.
 ……………………………………………………………………
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D. were considered widely


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5. A fire caused considerable damage.
……………………………………………………………………
6. The dog attacked the kid in the garden yesterday.
…………………………………………………………………….
7. They didn’t look after the children properly.
…………………………………………………………………….
8. Can Mary make a box from old paper?
…………………………………………………………………….
Exercise 3: Change the following sentences into the active voice.
1. Christmas tree was decorated with many colourful balloons by my mother.
 …………………………………………………………………….
2. The dogs are often taken for a walk by her.
 …………………………………………………………………….
3. Two songs were being composed by Son Tung MTP.
 …………………………………………………………………….
4. English is spoken all over the world.
 …………………………………………………………………….

5. My radio had been bought by my sister by the end of last year.
 …………………………………………………………………….
6. An English course will be taken by his kid next summer.
 …………………………………………………………………….
7. How was this cake made by your sister?
 …………………………………………………………………….
8. Is the roof being fixed by your neighbor?
 …………………………………………………………………….
Exercise 4: Choose the best answer.
1. People say that he was born in France.
A. That is said he was born in France.

B. It was said that he was born in France.

C. He was said to be born in France.

D. He is said to have been born in France.

2. People say Italian food is the best in the world.
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A. Italian food is said to be the best in the world.

B. I agree that Italian food is the best in the world.

C. Italian food is eaten all over the world.

D. No food in the world is eaten as much as Italian food.

3. Your hair is long. You ought to get it cut.
A. Your long hair needs to cut.

B. You ought to cut your hair.

C. Your long hair should be cut.

D. You should get your hair to cut.

4. I saw a man running away from this house.
A. A man is seen to run away from this house by me.

B. A man is seen running away from this house by me.

C. A man was seen running away from this house by me.

D. A man was seen to run away from this house by me.

5. He wore marks so that other people could not recognize him.
A. He avoided recognizing other people.

B. He avoided wearing marks to recognize other people.

C. He avoided being recognized by other people.

D. He avoided being worn marks to recognize other people.

6. Eat more fruits to be healthier.
A. More fruits are eaten to be healthier.

B. Let more fruits be eaten to be healthier.

C. Let more fruits eaten to be healthier.

D. More fruits were eaten to be healthier.

Exercise 5: Rewrite the sentences without changing the form of the given word.
1. My mother makes me do housework everyday.
 ……………………………………………………………………. (MADE)
2. It is said that he was arrested by two policemen last week.
 ……………………………………………………………………. (BEEN)
3. My mother helped me to do homework last night.
 ……………………………………………………………………. (HAD)
 ……………………………………………………………………. (HAD)
4. It was believed that the Earth was flat.
 ……………………………………………………………………. (BE)
5. You should ask your brother to fix your bike.
 ……………………………………………………………………. (GET)
 ……………………………………………………………………. (GET)
Exercise 6: Complete these sentences. Use a passive to-infinitive or ing-form of the verb in brackets. Sometimes
you need to use a perfect form.
1. It is important for this change ………………….. so that everyone can arrange their work.
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2. She is touching my diary without ………………….. (allow).
3. People should prevent water from ………………….. (pollute).
4. Our classmates want to ………………….. (take) to Thu Le Zoo next weekend.

5. When ………………….. (choose) to be the winner, Hoa felt very proud and satisfied.
6. Jordan ignored this serious problem despite ………………….. (warn) about it.
7. When I woke up in hospital, I remembered ………………….. (bite) by the snake but nothing after that.
8. She was sad because of not ………………….. (invite) to Tom’s birthday.
Exercise 7: Put the verbs in the correct form to fill in the blanks.
Our lives (1) ………………….. (make) better every day thanks to inventions. But sometimes, inventions can make our
lives worse. This can happen when an invention (2) ………………….. (not use) according to the inventor’s plan. For
example, Alfred Nobel, a Swedish scientist, invented a strong explosive in 1867. It (3) ………………….. (call)
dynamite and it revolutionized the world of engineering. After its invention, many bridges, tunnels and other structures
(4) ………………….. (build) with the help of dynamite. However, dynamite (5) ………………….. (also, use) to kill
people in wars. This upset Nobel. Before his death, Nobel decided to use the money from his famous invention to make
the world a better place. A special fund (6) ………………….. (start) in Nobel’s name. Every year, Nobel prizes (7)
………………….. (give) for extraordinary work in science, medicine, literature and the promotion of world peace.
Exercise 8: Put the verbs from the box in the correct form to fill in the blanks.
add  dry  introduce  invent  mix  not make  not need  produce  use (x2)
Paper (1) ………………….. from wood. The fibres of wood from trees (2) …………………..with water until they
becomes a soft wet pulp, which (3) …………………... This method of paper-making (4) ………………….. in the 2nd
century BC in China. However, early writing materials (5) ………………….. (always) from wood. In fact, the word
paper comes from papyrus plants which (6) ………………….. by the Egyptians to make a form of paper in 3,000 B.C.
When machines for-paper making (7) ………………….. in the 19th century, paper became easy to afford. Today, one
of the problems with the huge production of paper is that a chemical called chlorine (8) ………………….. to make the
paper white. Recycling is important, because chlorine (9) ………………….. and less energy (10) …………………..
for recycled paper.
Exercise 9: Change sentences into passive voice in two ways. (two-object sentences)
1. The secretary is sending the customers some letters.
 …………………………………………………………………….
 …………………………………………………………………….
2. Carol brought her mother a lot of fresh fruit from the market.
 …………………………………………………………………….
 …………………………………………………………………….

3. Katherine had given her boyfriend an expensive golden watch.
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 …………………………………………………………………….
 …………………………………………………………………….
4. The librarian lent the girls a few English magazines.
 …………………………………………………………………….
 …………………………………………………………………….
5. Charles is writing a few postcards to his relatives.
 …………………………………………………………………….
 …………………………………………………………………….
6. The new teacher teaches us Physics at the high school.
 …………………………………………………………………….
 …………………………………………………………………….
Exercise 10: Find and correct the mistakes.
1. On preparing by her students, this cake was a meaningful gift for her on her birthday.
2. When coming over her house, I saw her to run away with her anger.
3. This dress is reported to be designed in a small village by the local people in the 19th.
4. He had his trees grow and watered by one of his neighbours when he was on business trip.
5. I remembered beating by a dog when I was taken to the zoo by my mother.
6. If the air is polluted, diseases related to respiratory system will catch.

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