Test bank saladin anatomy and physiology unity of form and function 6th ch7

7
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1.

Most blood cells are produced in the red marrow of bones.
True

2.

A vertebra is considered to be an irregular bone.
True

3.

False

Intramembranous ossification is common in children, whereas endochondral ossification is typical in
young adults.
True

9.

False

Osteoid tissue is similar to bone except for a lack of minerals.
True

8.

False

Osteogenic cells are bone stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
True

7.

False

Concentric lamellae within an osteon are connected with each other by lacunae.
True

6.

False

The hemopoietic tissue in a bone is otherwise known as myeloid tissue.
True

5.

False

A radiograph (X-ray) of a child's hand will show epiphyseal lines.
True

4.

False

False

Bones grow in diameter by interstitial growth.
True

False

10. Hypercalcemia causes depression of the nervous system.
True

False

11. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) binds to receptors on osteoblasts.
True

False

12. Hypercalcemia is rare but hypocalcemia can result from a wide variety of causes.
True

False

13. Closed reduction is the realignment of the parts of a broken bone involving surgery.
True

False


14. Osteomalacia results in bone brittleness.
True

False

15.
True False
Osteoporosis often leads to an exaggerated thoracic spinal curvature called kyphosis.
16. The skeleton does not
A. store calcium and phosphate ions.
B. store red blood cells.
C. provide support for most muscles.
D. protect the brain.
E. protect the spinal cord.
17. Osseous tissue is a(an) ____________ tissue.
A. connective
B. epithelial
C. dense regular
D. dense irregular
E. reticular
18. These are all tissues that are a part of a long bone except
A. osseous tissue.
B. nervous tissue.
C. adipose tissue.
D. cartilage.
E. transitional epithelium.

19. This image shows the anatomy of a long bone. What does "1" represent?
A. marrow cavity
B. compact bone
C. spongy bone
D. epiphyseal line
E. articular cartilage

20. This image shows the anatomy of a long bone. What does "4" represent?
A. marrow cavity
B. compact bone
C. spongy bone
D. epiphyseal line
E. articular cartilage


21. This image shows the anatomy of a long bone. What does "5" represent?
A. marrow cavity
B. compact bone
C. spongy bone
D. epiphyseal line
E. articular cartilage
22. The expanded head at each end of a long bone is called
A. an epiphysis.
B. a diaphysis.
C. an articular cartilages.
D. a periosteum.
E. an endosteum.
23. A bone is covered externally with a sheath called ______________, whereas the internal surface is lined
with _____________.
A. epiphysis; diaphysis
B. diaphysis; epiphysis
C. compact bone; spongy bone
D. periosteum; endosteum
E. endosteum; periosteum
24. _____________ are bone-forming cells.
A. Osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells
B. Osteoblasts

C. Osteoclasts
D. Osteocytes
E. Osteons
25. When ____________ become enclosed in lacunae, they become cells called _____________.
A. osteogenic cells; osteoblasts
B. osteoblasts; osteoclasts
C. osteoblasts; osteocytes
D. osteocytes; osteoclasts
E. osteocytes; osteoblasts

26. This image shows the histology of osseous tissue. Label "2" represents ____________, which is(are)
____________.
A. canaliculi; interconnections among osteoblasts
B. an osteon; a stem cell
C. lacunae; sites of residence of osteocytes
D. lamella; interconnections among osteocytes
E. a central (haversian) canal; site of residence of osteoclasts


27. Which of these is an inorganic component of the bone matrix?
A. proteoglycans
B. glycoproteins
C. collagen
D. hydroxyapatite
E. glycosaminoglycans
28. Spicules and trabeculae are found in
A. compact bone.
B. bone matrix.
C. yellow bone marrow.
D. red bone marrow.

E. spongy bone.
29. Red bone marrow does not contain
A. myeloid tissue.
B. yellow bone marrow.
C. hemopoietic tissue.
D. white blood cells.
E. red blood cells.
30. ____________ provide(s) hardness to bones, whereas ____________ provide(s) some degree of
flexibility.
A. Hydroxyapatite and other minerals; proteins
B. Collagen and elastic fibers; minerals
C. Glycoproteins; proteoglycans
D. Calcium carbonate; calcium phosphate
E. Proteins; collagen
31. ___________ have a ruffled border with many deep infoldings of the plasma membrane, whereas
____________ have long, thin, fingerlike cytoplasmic processes.
A. Osteoclasts; osteocytes
B. Osteocytes; osteoclasts
C. Osteoblasts; osteoclasts
D. Osteoblasts; osteocytes
E. Osteocytes; osteogenic cells
32. What would you find in the marrow cavity of the diaphysis of an adult humerus (arm bone)?
A. spongy bone
B. hemopoietic tissue
C. red bone marrow
D. yellow bone marrow
E. compact bone
33. Which one of the following bone cells would have the greatest number of lysosomes?
A. osteoblasts
B. osteoclasts

C. osteocytes
D. osteogenic cells
E. stem cells
34. _______________ are common in compact bone but rarely seen in spongy bone.
A. Lamellae
B. Osteoclasts
C. Lacunae
D. Central canals
E. Osteocytes


35. Intramembranous ossification produces the
A. irregular bones of the vertebrae.
B. flat bones of the skull.
C. long bones of the limbs.
D. short bones of the wrist.
E. short bones of the ankle.
36. In endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is _____________, which is replaced by
bone.
A. embryonic mesenchyme
B. fibrous membranes
C. hyaline cartilage
D. transitional epithelium
E. fibrocartilage
37. The _____________ is a marginal zone of the epiphyseal plate where, in children and adolescents, bone
can be seen replacing the hyaline cartilage.
A. metaphysis
B. primary ossification center
C. secondary ossification center
D. osteoid tissue

E. epiphyseal line
38. Achondroplastic dwarfism is a hereditary condition in which the long bones of the limbs fail to elongate
normally because of reduced hyperplasia and hypertrophy of cartilage in the
A. primary ossification center.
B. secondary ossification center.
C. primary bone marrow.
D. secondary bone marrow.
E. epiphyseal plate.
39. Chondrocytes multiply in this zone of the metaphysis.
A. zone of reserve cartilage
B. zone of cell proliferation
C. zone of cell hypertrophy
D. zone of calcification
E. zone of bone deposition
40. Mature bones are remodeled throughout life by employing
A. intramembranous ossification.
B. endochondral ossification.
C. interstitial growth.
D. appositional growth.
E. metaphysical growth.
41. Bone elongation is a result of
A. cartilage growth.
B. muscle growth.
C. osseous tissue growth.
D. fibrous membrane addition.
E. dense irregular connective tissue addition.
42. Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of
A. different diets on bone elongation.
B. mechanical stress on bone remodeling.
C. temperature on bone growth.

D. age on bone thickening.
E. sex on bone widening.


43. A growing long bone in a child has only two areas of cartilage at the epiphysis. These two areas are
A. elastic cartilage and epiphyseal plate.
B. epiphyseal plate and epiphyseal line.
C. primary and secondary ossification centers.
D. fibrocartilage and articular cartilage.
E. articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate.
44. _____________ is the process of dissolving bone and returning its minerals to the bloodstream.
A. Mineralization
B. Mineral deposition
C. Crystallization
D. Resorption
E. Ossification
45. Which of the following exemplifies a positive feedback process happening in bone mineral deposition?
A. The first few crystals to form attract more calcium and phosphate
B. Osteoblasts neutralize inhibitors that prevent bone resorption
C. Osteoclasts secrete acid phosphatase that digests collagen
D. Collagen is digested by enzymes and hydroxyapatite by hydrochloric acid
E. Solubility product is reached in the tissue fluids
46. Phosphate is necessary for all of the following except
A. ATP.
B. DNA.
C. phospholipids.
D. RNA.
E. amino acids.
47. Calcium plays an essential role in all of the following except
A. muscle contraction.

B. exocytosis.
C. blood clotting.
D. DNA synthesis.
E. communication among neurons.
48. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) does not
A. promote calcium reabsorption by the kidneys.
B. stimulate osteoclast activity.
C. lower blood calcium.
D. promote calcitriol synthesis.
E. inhibit osteoblast activity.
49. ____________ is synthesized by the combined action of the skin, kidneys, and liver, and is important to
the deposition of bone.
A. Growth hormone
B. Testosterone
C. Estrogen
D. Calcitonin
E. Calcitriol
50. Which of these is not an effect of calcitriol?
A. cartilage growth in the epiphyseal plate
B. increased osteoclast activity
C. more intestinal absorption of Ca2+
D. less calcium in the urine
E. more phosphate in the urine


51. ____________ does not put women at risk of hypocalcemia.
A. Lactation
B. Pregnancy
C. Removal of the parathyroid glands
D. Removal of the thyroid gland

E. Lack of exposure to UV radiation
52. Blood Ca2+ deficiency stimulates __________ secretion, which leads to _____________.
A. calcitonin; more urinary phosphate reabsorption
B. calcitriol; more urinary phosphate excretion
C. parathyroid hormone; increased osteoclast activity
D. growth hormone; increased osteoblast activity
E. thyroid hormone; less urinary calcium excretion
53. Hypocalcemia can cause
A. emotional disturbances.
B. depression of the nervous system.
C. muscle weakness.
D. sluggish reflexes.
E. spasms.
54. Arteriosclerosis is one example of ectopic ossification, which means
A. the solubility product has been reached.
B. artery mineralization by osteoblasts.
C. abnormal calcification of a tissue.
D. accumulation of collagenous fibers in blood vessels.
E. ossification of an entire blood vessel.
55. If a thyroid tumor secreted an excessive amount of calcitonin, we would expect
A. an elevated level of osteoclast activity.
B. an elevated level of osteoblast activity.
C. a reduced rate of endochondral ossification.
D. a rise in blood calcium concentration.
E. increasingly brittle bones.
56. A soft callus forms during
A. endochondral ossification.
B. intramembranous ossification.
C. bone growth at the metaphysis.
D. the remodeling of bone.

E. the healing of a fracture.
57. Osteoporosis is most common in elderly women because of the lack of ___________, which would
otherwise inhibit ____________.
A. dietary calcium; estrogen production
B. osteoblasts; osteoclast activity
C. estrogen; osteoclast activity
D. parathyroid hormone; osteocyte activity
E. exercise; osteoblast activity
58. A fracture in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces is called a __________ fracture.
A. linear
B. pott
C. comminuted
D. greenstick
E. compound


59. The result of calcium and phosphate levels in blood too low for normal deposition is a softness of the
bones called ___________ in children and ___________ in adults.
A. osteomalacia; rickets
B. rickets; osteomalacia
C. osteoporosis; osteomalacia
D. osteomyelitis; osteosarcoma
E. osteomyelitis; osteomalacia
60. Bone protrudes through skin in a fracture called
A. complete.
B. incomplete.
C. closed.
D. open.
E. displaced.
61. A pathologic fracture

A. is a bone fracture that heals in no more than 8 to 12 weeks.
B. is a bone fracture that causes bleeding.
C. is a break in a bone that happens repeatedly.
D. is a break in a bone weakened by some other disease.
E. is a break caused by abnormal trauma to a bone.
62. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?
A. bone remodeling → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → hematoma formation
B. bone remodeling → hard callus formation → soft callus formation → hematoma formation
C. hematoma formation → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → bone remodeling
D. hematoma formation → hard callus formation → soft callus formation → bone remodeling
E. soft callus formation → hard callus formation → hematoma formation → bone remodeling
63. Patches of fibrocartilage formed in the healing of a fracture are called ________, whereas the bony collar
formed around the fracture is called _________.
A. fracture hematoma; granulation tissue
B. granulation tissue; soft callus
C. fracture hematoma; hard callus
D. granulation tissue; hard callus
E. soft callus; hard callus
64. ____________ affects more people than any other bone disease.
A. Osteomyelitis
B. Osteoporosis
C. Osteosarcoma
D. Osteomalacia
E. Rickets


7 Key
1.

Most blood cells are produced in the red marrow of bones.

TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.01.b State several functions of the skeletal system
Saladin - Chapter 07 #1
Section: 07.01
Topic: Skeletal System

2.

A vertebra is considered to be an irregular bone.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.01.d Describe four types of bones classified by shape
Saladin - Chapter 07 #2
Section: 07.01
Topic: Skeletal System

3.

A radiograph (X-ray) of a child's hand will show epiphyseal lines.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.01.e Describe the general features of a long bone and a flat bone
Saladin - Chapter 07 #3
Section: 07.01
Topic: Skeletal System

4.

The hemopoietic tissue in a bone is otherwise known as myeloid tissue.

TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.02.d Distinguish between the two types of bone marrow.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #4
Section: 07.02
Topic: Skeletal System

5.

Concentric lamellae within an osteon are connected with each other by lacunae.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.02.c Compare the histology of the two types of bone tissue.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #5
Section: 07.02
Topic: Skeletal System

6.

Osteogenic cells are bone stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.02.a List and describe the cells, fibers, and ground substance of bone tissue.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #6
Section: 07.02
Topic: Skeletal System

7.

Osteoid tissue is similar to bone except for a lack of minerals.

TRUE
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.02.b State the importance of each constituent of bone tissue.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #7
Section: 07.02
Topic: Skeletal System


8.

Intramembranous ossification is common in children, whereas endochondral ossification is typical in
young adults.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.03.a Describe two mechanisms of bone formation.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #8
Section: 07.03
Topic: Skeletal System

9.

Bones grow in diameter by interstitial growth.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.03.b Explain how mature bone continues to grow and remodel itself.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #9
Section: 07.03
Topic: Skeletal System

10.

Hypercalcemia causes depression of the nervous system.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 07.04.b Discuss the role of the bones in regulating blood calcium and phosphate levels.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #10
Section: 07.04
Topic: Skeletal System

11.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) binds to receptors on osteoblasts.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 07.04.c Name several hormones that regulate bone physiology and describe their effects.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #11
Section: 07.04
Topic: Skeletal System

12.

Hypercalcemia is rare but hypocalcemia can result from a wide variety of causes.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.04.b Discuss the role of the bones in regulating blood calcium and phosphate levels.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #12
Section: 07.04
Topic: Skeletal System

13.

Closed reduction is the realignment of the parts of a broken bone involving surgery.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.05.c Explain how a fracture is repaired.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #13
Section: 07.05
Topic: Skeletal System

14.

Osteomalacia results in bone brittleness.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.05.a Name and describe several bone diseases.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #14
Section: 07.05
Topic: Skeletal System


15.
TRUE
Osteoporosis often leads to an exaggerated thoracic spinal curvature called kyphosis.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.05.a Name and describe several bone diseases.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #15
Section: 07.05
Topic: Skeletal System

16.

The skeleton does not
A. store calcium and phosphate ions.
B. store red blood cells.
C. provide support for most muscles.
D. protect the brain.
E. protect the spinal cord.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.01.b State several functions of the skeletal system
Saladin - Chapter 07 #16
Section: 07.01
Topic: Skeletal System

17.

Osseous tissue is a(an) ____________ tissue.
A. connective
B. epithelial
C. dense regular
D. dense irregular
E. reticular
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.01.c Distinguish between bone as a tissue and bone as an organ
Saladin - Chapter 07 #17
Section: 07.01
Topic: Skeletal System

18.

These are all tissues that are a part of a long bone except

A. osseous tissue.
B. nervous tissue.
C. adipose tissue.
D. cartilage.
E. transitional epithelium.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.01.a Name the tissues and organs that compose the skeletal system
Saladin - Chapter 07 #18
Section: 07.01
Topic: Skeletal System

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Figure: 07.01
Learning Outcome: 07.01.e Describe the general features of a long bone and a flat bone
Saladin - Chapter 07
Section: 07.01


19.

This image shows the anatomy of a long bone. What does "1" represent?
A. marrow cavity
B. compact bone
C. spongy bone
D. epiphyseal line
E. articular cartilage
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Figure: 07.01
Learning Outcome: 07.01.e Describe the general features of a long bone and a flat bone
Saladin - Chapter 07 #19

Section: 07.01
Topic: Skeletal System

20.

This image shows the anatomy of a long bone. What does "4" represent?
A. marrow cavity
B. compact bone
C. spongy bone
D. epiphyseal line
E. articular cartilage
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Figure: 07.01
Learning Outcome: 07.01.e Describe the general features of a long bone and a flat bone
Saladin - Chapter 07 #20
Section: 07.01
Topic: Skeletal System

21.

This image shows the anatomy of a long bone. What does "5" represent?
A. marrow cavity
B. compact bone
C. spongy bone
D. epiphyseal line
E. articular cartilage
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Figure: 07.01
Learning Outcome: 07.01.e Describe the general features of a long bone and a flat bone
Saladin - Chapter 07 #21

Section: 07.01
Topic: Skeletal System

22.

The expanded head at each end of a long bone is called
A. an epiphysis.
B. a diaphysis.
C. an articular cartilages.
D. a periosteum.
E. an endosteum.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.01.c Distinguish between bone as a tissue and bone as an organ
Saladin - Chapter 07 #22
Section: 07.01
Topic: Skeletal System

23.

A bone is covered externally with a sheath called ______________, whereas the internal surface is
lined with _____________.
A. epiphysis; diaphysis
B. diaphysis; epiphysis
C. compact bone; spongy bone
D. periosteum; endosteum
E. endosteum; periosteum
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.01.e Describe the general features of a long bone and a flat bone
Saladin - Chapter 07 #23
Section: 07.01

Topic: Skeletal System


24.

_____________ are bone-forming cells.
A. Osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells
B. Osteoblasts
C. Osteoclasts
D. Osteocytes
E. Osteons
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.02.a List and describe the cells, fibers, and ground substance of bone tissue.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #24
Section: 07.02
Topic: Skeletal System

25.

When ____________ become enclosed in lacunae, they become cells called _____________.
A. osteogenic cells; osteoblasts
B. osteoblasts; osteoclasts
C. osteoblasts; osteocytes
D. osteocytes; osteoclasts
E. osteocytes; osteoblasts
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.02.a List and describe the cells, fibers, and ground substance of bone tissue.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #25
Section: 07.02
Topic: Skeletal System

Saladin - Chapter 07

26.

This image shows the histology of osseous tissue. Label "2" represents ____________, which is(are)
____________.
A. canaliculi; interconnections among osteoblasts
B. an osteon; a stem cell
C. lacunae; sites of residence of osteocytes
D. lamella; interconnections among osteocytes
E. a central (haversian) canal; site of residence of osteoclasts
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Figure: 07.04d
Learning Outcome: 07.02.c Compare the histology of the two types of bone tissue.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #26
Section: 07.02
Topic: Skeletal System

27.

Which of these is an inorganic component of the bone matrix?
A. proteoglycans
B. glycoproteins
C. collagen
D. hydroxyapatite
E. glycosaminoglycans
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 07.02.b State the importance of each constituent of bone tissue.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #27

Section: 07.02
Topic: Skeletal System


28.

Spicules and trabeculae are found in
A. compact bone.
B. bone matrix.
C. yellow bone marrow.
D. red bone marrow.
E. spongy bone.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.02.c Compare the histology of the two types of bone tissue.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #28
Section: 07.02
Topic: Skeletal System

29.

Red bone marrow does not contain
A. myeloid tissue.
B. yellow bone marrow.
C. hemopoietic tissue.
D. white blood cells.
E. red blood cells.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.02.d Distinguish between the two types of bone marrow.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #29
Section: 07.02

Topic: Skeletal System

30.

____________ provide(s) hardness to bones, whereas ____________ provide(s) some degree of
flexibility.
A. Hydroxyapatite and other minerals; proteins
B. Collagen and elastic fibers; minerals
C. Glycoproteins; proteoglycans
D. Calcium carbonate; calcium phosphate
E. Proteins; collagen
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 07.02.b State the importance of each constituent of bone tissue.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #30
Section: 07.02
Topic: Skeletal System

31.

___________ have a ruffled border with many deep infoldings of the plasma membrane, whereas
____________ have long, thin, fingerlike cytoplasmic processes.
A. Osteoclasts; osteocytes
B. Osteocytes; osteoclasts
C. Osteoblasts; osteoclasts
D. Osteoblasts; osteocytes
E. Osteocytes; osteogenic cells
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 07.02.c Compare the histology of the two types of bone tissue.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #31
Section: 07.02

Topic: Skeletal System

32.

What would you find in the marrow cavity of the diaphysis of an adult humerus (arm bone)?
A. spongy bone
B. hemopoietic tissue
C. red bone marrow
D. yellow bone marrow
E. compact bone
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 07.02.d Distinguish between the two types of bone marrow.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #32
Section: 07.02
Topic: Skeletal System


33.

Which one of the following bone cells would have the greatest number of lysosomes?
A. osteoblasts
B. osteoclasts
C. osteocytes
D. osteogenic cells
E. stem cells
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 07.02.a List and describe the cells, fibers, and ground substance of bone tissue.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #33
Section: 07.02
Topic: Skeletal System

34.

_______________ are common in compact bone but rarely seen in spongy bone.
A. Lamellae
B. Osteoclasts
C. Lacunae
D. Central canals
E. Osteocytes
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.02.c Compare the histology of the two types of bone tissue.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #34
Section: 07.02
Topic: Skeletal System

35.

Intramembranous ossification produces the
A. irregular bones of the vertebrae.
B. flat bones of the skull.
C. long bones of the limbs.
D. short bones of the wrist.
E. short bones of the ankle.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.03.a Describe two mechanisms of bone formation.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #35
Section: 07.03
Topic: Skeletal System

36.

In endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is _____________, which is replaced by
bone.
A. embryonic mesenchyme
B. fibrous membranes
C. hyaline cartilage
D. transitional epithelium
E. fibrocartilage
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.03.a Describe two mechanisms of bone formation.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #36
Section: 07.03
Topic: Skeletal System

37.

The _____________ is a marginal zone of the epiphyseal plate where, in children and adolescents,
bone can be seen replacing the hyaline cartilage.
A. metaphysis
B. primary ossification center
C. secondary ossification center
D. osteoid tissue
E. epiphyseal line
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 07.03.a Describe two mechanisms of bone formation.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #37
Section: 07.03
Topic: Skeletal System

38.

Achondroplastic dwarfism is a hereditary condition in which the long bones of the limbs fail to
elongate normally because of reduced hyperplasia and hypertrophy of cartilage in the
A. primary ossification center.
B. secondary ossification center.
C. primary bone marrow.
D. secondary bone marrow.
E. epiphyseal plate.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 07.03.a Describe two mechanisms of bone formation.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #38
Section: 07.03
Topic: Skeletal System

39.

Chondrocytes multiply in this zone of the metaphysis.
A. zone of reserve cartilage
B. zone of cell proliferation
C. zone of cell hypertrophy
D. zone of calcification
E. zone of bone deposition
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.03.a Describe two mechanisms of bone formation.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #39
Section: 07.03
Topic: Skeletal System

40.

Mature bones are remodeled throughout life by employing
A. intramembranous ossification.
B. endochondral ossification.
C. interstitial growth.
D. appositional growth.
E. metaphysical growth.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.03.b Explain how mature bone continues to grow and remodel itself.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #40
Section: 07.03
Topic: Skeletal System

41.

Bone elongation is a result of
A. cartilage growth.
B. muscle growth.
C. osseous tissue growth.
D. fibrous membrane addition.
E. dense irregular connective tissue addition.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.03.a Describe two mechanisms of bone formation.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #41
Section: 07.03
Topic: Skeletal System

42.

Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of

A. different diets on bone elongation.
B. mechanical stress on bone remodeling.
C. temperature on bone growth.
D. age on bone thickening.
E. sex on bone widening.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 07.03.b Explain how mature bone continues to grow and remodel itself.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #42
Section: 07.03
Topic: Skeletal System


43.

A growing long bone in a child has only two areas of cartilage at the epiphysis. These two areas
are
A. elastic cartilage and epiphyseal plate.
B. epiphyseal plate and epiphyseal line.
C. primary and secondary ossification centers.
D. fibrocartilage and articular cartilage.
E. articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.03.a Describe two mechanisms of bone formation.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #43
Section: 07.03
Topic: Skeletal System

44.

_____________ is the process of dissolving bone and returning its minerals to the bloodstream.

A. Mineralization
B. Mineral deposition
C. Crystallization
D. Resorption
E. Ossification
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.04.a Describe the processes by which minerals are added to and removed from bone tissue.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #44
Section: 07.04
Topic: Skeletal System

45.

Which of the following exemplifies a positive feedback process happening in bone mineral
deposition?
A. The first few crystals to form attract more calcium and phosphate
B. Osteoblasts neutralize inhibitors that prevent bone resorption
C. Osteoclasts secrete acid phosphatase that digests collagen
D. Collagen is digested by enzymes and hydroxyapatite by hydrochloric acid
E. Solubility product is reached in the tissue fluids
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 07.04.a Describe the processes by which minerals are added to and removed from bone tissue.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #45
Section: 07.04
Topic: Skeletal System

46.

Phosphate is necessary for all of the following except
A. ATP.

B. DNA.
C. phospholipids.
D. RNA.
E. amino acids.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.04.b Discuss the role of the bones in regulating blood calcium and phosphate levels.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #46
Section: 07.04
Topic: Skeletal System

47.

Calcium plays an essential role in all of the following except
A. muscle contraction.
B. exocytosis.
C. blood clotting.
D. DNA synthesis.
E. communication among neurons.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.04.b Discuss the role of the bones in regulating blood calcium and phosphate levels.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #47
Section: 07.04
Topic: Skeletal System


48.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) does not
A. promote calcium reabsorption by the kidneys.
B. stimulate osteoclast activity.

C. lower blood calcium.
D. promote calcitriol synthesis.
E. inhibit osteoblast activity.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.04.c Name several hormones that regulate bone physiology and describe their effects.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #48
Section: 07.04
Topic: Skeletal System

49.

____________ is synthesized by the combined action of the skin, kidneys, and liver, and is important
to the deposition of bone.
A. Growth hormone
B. Testosterone
C. Estrogen
D. Calcitonin
E. Calcitriol
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.04.c Name several hormones that regulate bone physiology and describe their effects.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #49
Section: 07.04
Topic: Skeletal System

50.

Which of these is not an effect of calcitriol?
A. cartilage growth in the epiphyseal plate
B. increased osteoclast activity
C. more intestinal absorption of Ca2+

D. less calcium in the urine
E. more phosphate in the urine
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.04.c Name several hormones that regulate bone physiology and describe their effects.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #50
Section: 07.04
Topic: Skeletal System

51.

____________ does not put women at risk of hypocalcemia.
A. Lactation
B. Pregnancy
C. Removal of the parathyroid glands
D. Removal of the thyroid gland
E. Lack of exposure to UV radiation
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.04.c Name several hormones that regulate bone physiology and describe their effects.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #51
Section: 07.04
Topic: Skeletal System

52.

Blood Ca2+ deficiency stimulates __________ secretion, which leads to _____________.
A. calcitonin; more urinary phosphate reabsorption
B. calcitriol; more urinary phosphate excretion
C. parathyroid hormone; increased osteoclast activity
D. growth hormone; increased osteoblast activity
E. thyroid hormone; less urinary calcium excretion

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 07.04.c Name several hormones that regulate bone physiology and describe their effects.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #52
Section: 07.04
Topic: Skeletal System


53.

Hypocalcemia can cause
A. emotional disturbances.
B. depression of the nervous system.
C. muscle weakness.
D. sluggish reflexes.
E. spasms.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.04.c Name several hormones that regulate bone physiology and describe their effects.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #53
Section: 07.04
Topic: Skeletal System

54.

Arteriosclerosis is one example of ectopic ossification, which means
A. the solubility product has been reached.
B. artery mineralization by osteoblasts.
C. abnormal calcification of a tissue.
D. accumulation of collagenous fibers in blood vessels.
E. ossification of an entire blood vessel.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.04.a Describe the processes by which minerals are added to and removed from bone tissue.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #54
Section: 07.04
Topic: Skeletal System

55.

If a thyroid tumor secreted an excessive amount of calcitonin, we would expect
A. an elevated level of osteoclast activity.
B. an elevated level of osteoblast activity.
C. a reduced rate of endochondral ossification.
D. a rise in blood calcium concentration.
E. increasingly brittle bones.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 07.04.c Name several hormones that regulate bone physiology and describe their effects.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #55
Section: 07.04
Topic: Skeletal System

56.

A soft callus forms during
A. endochondral ossification.
B. intramembranous ossification.
C. bone growth at the metaphysis.
D. the remodeling of bone.
E. the healing of a fracture.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 07.05.c Explain how a fracture is repaired.

Saladin - Chapter 07 #56
Section: 07.05
Topic: Skeletal System

57.

Osteoporosis is most common in elderly women because of the lack of ___________, which would
otherwise inhibit ____________.
A. dietary calcium; estrogen production
B. osteoblasts; osteoclast activity
C. estrogen; osteoclast activity
D. parathyroid hormone; osteocyte activity
E. exercise; osteoblast activity
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 07.05.a Name and describe several bone diseases.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #57
Section: 07.05
Topic: Skeletal System


58.

A fracture in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces is called a __________ fracture.
A. linear
B. pott
C. comminuted
D. greenstick
E. compound
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.05.b Name and describe the types of fractures.

Saladin - Chapter 07 #58
Section: 07.05
Topic: Skeletal System

59.

The result of calcium and phosphate levels in blood too low for normal deposition is a softness of the
bones called ___________ in children and ___________ in adults.
A. osteomalacia; rickets
B. rickets; osteomalacia
C. osteoporosis; osteomalacia
D. osteomyelitis; osteosarcoma
E. osteomyelitis; osteomalacia
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 07.05.a Name and describe several bone diseases.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #59
Section: 07.05
Topic: Skeletal System

60.

Bone protrudes through skin in a fracture called
A. complete.
B. incomplete.
C. closed.
D. open.
E. displaced.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.05.b Name and describe the types of fractures.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #60

Section: 07.05
Topic: Skeletal System

61.

A pathologic fracture
A. is a bone fracture that heals in no more than 8 to 12 weeks.
B. is a bone fracture that causes bleeding.
C. is a break in a bone that happens repeatedly.
D. is a break in a bone weakened by some other disease.
E. is a break caused by abnormal trauma to a bone.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.05.b Name and describe the types of fractures.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #61
Section: 07.05
Topic: Skeletal System

62.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?
A. bone remodeling → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → hematoma formation
B. bone remodeling → hard callus formation → soft callus formation → hematoma formation
C. hematoma formation → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → bone remodeling
D. hematoma formation → hard callus formation → soft callus formation → bone remodeling
E. soft callus formation → hard callus formation → hematoma formation → bone remodeling
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.05.c Explain how a fracture is repaired.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #62
Section: 07.05
Topic: Skeletal System

63.

Patches of fibrocartilage formed in the healing of a fracture are called ________, whereas the bony
collar formed around the fracture is called _________.
A. fracture hematoma; granulation tissue
B. granulation tissue; soft callus
C. fracture hematoma; hard callus
D. granulation tissue; hard callus
E. soft callus; hard callus
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.05.c Explain how a fracture is repaired.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #63
Section: 07.05
Topic: Skeletal System

64.

____________ affects more people than any other bone disease.
A. Osteomyelitis
B. Osteoporosis
C. Osteosarcoma
D. Osteomalacia
E. Rickets
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.05.a Name and describe several bone diseases.
Saladin - Chapter 07 #64
Section: 07.05
Topic: Skeletal System

7 Summary
Category
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Figure: 07.01
Figure: 07.04d
Learning Outcome: 07.01.a Name the tissues and organs that compose the skeletal system
Learning Outcome: 07.01.b State several functions of the skeletal system
Learning Outcome: 07.01.c Distinguish between bone as a tissue and bone as an organ
Learning Outcome: 07.01.d Describe four types of bones classified by shape
Learning Outcome: 07.01.e Describe the general features of a long bone and a flat bone
Learning Outcome: 07.02.a List and describe the cells, fibers, and ground substance of bone tissue.
Learning Outcome: 07.02.b State the importance of each constituent of bone tissue.
Learning Outcome: 07.02.c Compare the histology of the two types of bone tissue.
Learning Outcome: 07.02.d Distinguish between the two types of bone marrow.
Learning Outcome: 07.03.a Describe two mechanisms of bone formation.
Learning Outcome: 07.03.b Explain how mature bone continues to grow and remodel itself.
Learning Outcome: 07.04.a Describe the processes by which minerals are added to and removed from bone tissue.
Learning Outcome: 07.04.b Discuss the role of the bones in regulating blood calcium and phosphate levels.
Learning Outcome: 07.04.c Name several hormones that regulate bone physiology and describe their effects.
Learning Outcome: 07.05.a Name and describe several bone diseases.
Learning Outcome: 07.05.b Name and describe the types of fractures.
Learning Outcome: 07.05.c Explain how a fracture is repaired.
Saladin - Chapter 07
Section: 07.01
Section: 07.02

Section: 07.03
Section: 07.04
Section: 07.05
Topic: Skeletal System

# of Questions
32
16
16
1
4
1
1
2
2
1
6
4
3
5
3
8
3
3
4
8
5
3
4
66

12
15
11
15
12
64