Test bank saladin anatomy and physiology unity of form and function 6th ch11

11
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1.

Extensibility refers to the ability of a muscle to stretch.
True False

2.

A dark band formed by parallel thick filaments that partly overlap the thin filaments is known as an H
band.
True False

3.

The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fiber.
True False

4.

Clinically, dystrophin is the most important noncontractile protein to occur in muscle fibers.
True False

5.

The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction has emerged from research only in the last 10 to 15
years.
True False

6.

A deficiency of acetylcholine receptors leads to muscle paralysis in myasthenia gravis.
True False

7.

An isometric contraction does not change muscle length.
True False

8.

Some smooth muscle is autorhythmic.
True False

9.

Which marks the boundaries of a sarcomere?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5


10. Which is predominately made up of myosin?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

11. Which band contains overlapping thick and thin filaments?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
12. Which of the following is not a purpose of the excess postexercise oxygen consumption in muscle?
A. to neutralize carbon dioxide buildup
B. to replenish the phosphagen system
C. to oxidize lactic acid
D. to serve elevated metabolic rate
E. to restore resting levels of ATP and CP
13. Which muscle type depends solely on the sarcoplasmic reticulum as its calcium source?
A. skeletal muscle
B. smooth muscle
C. cardiac muscle
D. skeletal and smooth muscle
E. smooth and cardiac muscle
14. Which muscle(s) can contract without the need for nervous stimulation?
A. skeletal muscle
B. smooth muscle
C. cardiac muscle
D. smooth and cardiac muscle
E. skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle
15. 80% of the lactic acid produced by skeletal muscle is converted to pyruvic acid
A. by the kidneys
B. in the liver
C. in the muscle tissue
D. in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
E. in the neuromuscular junction

16. During muscle contraction, a single myosin head consumes ATP at a rate of about
A. 1 ATP per second.
B. 3 ATP per second.
C. 5 ATP per second.
D. 7 ATP per second.
E. 9 ATP per second.
17. The term for shortening of a muscle while maintaining constant tension is
A. treppe.
B. tetanus.
C. isokinetic contraction.
D. isometric contraction.
E. isotonic contraction.


18. Which fibers are primarily responsible for producing lactic acid?
A. type I slow oxidative fibers
B. type IIA intermediate glycolytic fibers
C. type IIB fast glycolytic fibers
D. type I slow-twitch fibers
E. red fibers
19. Michael Jordan was arguably the best player in professional basketball history. Scientifically one would
expect him to have highly developed
A. red fibers.
B. white fibers.
C. intermediate fibers.
D. fast-twitch fibers.
E. slow oxidative fibers.
20. Where would you expect to find numerous gap junctions in muscular tissue?
A. the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle
B. the A bands of skeletal and cardiac muscle

C. the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle
D. intercalated discs of cardiac muscle
E. multiunit smooth muscle
21. The contraction strength of smooth muscle is relatively independent of its resting length partly because
A. it gets nearly all of its Ca2+ from the extracellular fluid.
B. it does not have intercalated discs.
C. it does not have sarcomeres.
D. it is regulated by a length-tension relationship.
E. it is involuntary muscle.
22. In comparison to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle
A. contracts more slowly but relaxes more rapidly.
B. contracts more rapidly but relaxes more slowly.
C. contracts and relaxes more slowly.
D. consumes more ATP to maintain a given level of muscle tension.
E. depends on a nerve fiber to supply the calcium needed for contraction.
23. Which of the following is very important for muscle to continue contraction during anaerobic respiration?
A. cholinesterase inhibitors
B. protease
C. myokinase
D. acetylcholinesterase
E. acid phosphatase
24. The minimum stimulus needed to cause muscle contraction is called
A. the threshold.
B. the latent period.
C. twitch.
D. recruitment.
E. innervation.
25. If one nerve stimulus arrives at a muscle fiber so soon that the fiber has only partially relaxed from the
previous twitch, the most likely result will be
A. fatigue.

B. treppe.
C. incomplete tetanus.
D. complete tetanus.
E. flaccid paralysis.


26. Which of the following is true concerning isotonic eccentric contraction?
A. The muscle shortens but tension remains constant.
B. The muscle lengthens but tension remains constant.
C. The muscle tenses and shortens.
D. The muscle tenses but length remains unchanged.
E. The muscle lengthens and tension declines.
27. Which of the following has the largest mitochondria?
A. slow oxidative fibers
B. fast glycolytic fibers
C. cardiac muscle
D. smooth muscle
E. intermediate fibers
28. One somatic motor neuron is stimulated by how many muscle fibers?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
E. 4
29. To stimulate muscle contraction, acetylcholine is released from the ___________ into the synaptic
cleft.
A. synaptic knob
B. junctional folds
C. sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. sarcolemma

E. terminal cisterna
30. The absence or inhibition of acetylcholinesterase at a synapse would lead to which of the following?
A. flaccid paralysis
B. tetanus
C. atrophy
D. numbness
E. muscle wasting
31. Which statement best describes the goal of medications used to treat myasthenia gravis?
A. to increase the number of acetylcholine receptors
B. to decrease the number of synaptic vesicles
C. to promote multiple motor unit summation
D. to inhibit Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
E. to inhibit the function of cholinesterase
32. The process of bringing more motor units into use during a muscle contraction is called
A. wave summation.
B. recruitment.
C. treppe.
D. incomplete tetanus.
E. complete tetanus.
33. Aerobic respiration produces approximately _____ more ATPs per glucose molecule than glycolysis
does.
A. 12
B. 24
C. 36
D. 48
E. 100


34. Athletes who train at high altitudes increase their red blood cell count and thus increase their oxygen
supply during exercise. Increased oxygen supply results in

A. increased glycolysis.
B. increased use of myokinase.
C. longer aerobic respiration.
D. longer anaerobic fermentation.
E. reduced ATP consumption.
35. Cardiac muscle has very little capacity for regeneration because it lacks
A. satellite cells.
B. endomysium.
C. sarcomeres.
D. dense bodies.
E. somatic nerve fibers.
36. Which of the following would be caused by contraction of smooth muscle?
A. goose bumps
B. blood leaving the left ventricle of the heart
C. elevating the eyebrows
D. blinking the eyelids
E. deep inspiration
37. The triads of a muscle fiber consist of
A. two A bands and one I band.
B. two T tubules and one terminal cisterna.
C. two terminal cisternae and one T tubule.
D. two thin myofilaments and one thick myofilament.
E. two thick myofilaments and one thin myofilament.
38. As you are lifting a box, someone places extra weight on top of it. For your muscle to continue
contracting and lifting the box, the muscle must
A. recruit more muscle fibers.
B. lower its threshold.
C. reduce its wave summation.
D. shift from isometric to isotonic contraction.
E. shift from slow-twitch to fast-twitch mode.

39. The protein that acts as a calcium receptor in skeletal muscle is
A. F actin.
B. tropomyosin.
C. troponin.
D. titin.
E. dystrophin.
40. Drugs called calcium channel blockers may be used to lower blood pressure by causing arteries to
vasodilate. These drugs
A. prevent calcium from entering the sarcoplasmic reticulum of smooth muscle.
B. stimulate the calcium pump in smooth muscle, thus removing calcium from the calmodulin.
C. prevent calcium from exiting the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle.
D. prevent calcium from entering cardiac muscle, thus slowing down the heart rate.
E. prevent calcium from entering smooth muscle, thus allowing the muscle to relax.
41. Exposure to Clostridium tetani causes continuous release of acetylcholine. What effect does this have on
smooth muscle?
A. flaccid paralysis
B. spastic paralysis
C. lockjaw
D. no effect
E. myocardial atrophy


42. Dystrophin, the protein that is defective in muscular dystrophy, is normally found
A. between the outermost myofilaments and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber.
B. as a transmembrane protein of the sarcolemma.
C. in the Z discs of skeletal and cardiac muscle.
D. in the dense bodies of smooth muscle.
E. bridging the gap between the sarcolemma and synaptic knob.
43. A reason that muscle twitches become progressively stronger in treppe is
A. Ca2+ accumulates in the sarcoplasm faster than the sarcoplasmic reticulum can reabsorb it.

B. ATP is regenerated faster than it is consumed.
C. myosin heads show faster and faster power strokes.
D. more and more acetytlcholine is released with each stimulus.
E. as the muscle warms up, aerobic respiration is accelerated.
44. The purpose of varicosities in motor nerve fibers in muscle physiology is
A. to link the thin filaments to the inside of the sarcolemma in smooth muscle.
B. to reabsorb the decomposition products of acetylcholine after acetylcholinesterase breaks it down.
C. to enable each cardiac myocyte to directly stimulate its neighbors.
D. to release neurotransmitter onto smooth muscle cells.
E. to prevent single-unit smooth muscle cells from pulling apart.
45. Creatine kinase
A. donates one of its phosphate groups to ADP.
B. phosphorylates and activates certain enzymes in the sarcoplasm.
C. acts as a second messenger in muscle fibers.
D. catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from CP to ADP.
E. functions as a substitute for ATP during anaerobic fermentation.
46. Release of acetylcholine at a neuromuscular junction
A. decreases the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
B. increases permeability of the sarcolemma to Na+.
C. decreases the positive charge on the sarcolemma.
D. lowers the threshold of the muscle fiber.
E. overrides the inhibitory effect of acetylcholinesterase.
47. Which of the following best describes the resting membrane potential (RMP)?
A. The intracellular environment is negatively charged.
B. The intracellular environment has more positively charged sodium.
C. The extracellular environment is negatively charged.
D. It has a voltage of about +75 mV.
E. It depends on the muscle fiber absorbing potassium ions from the ECF.
48. The sarcolemma of a resting muscle fiber is most permeable to
A. calcium.

B. potassium.
C. sodium.
D. lithium.
E. magnesium.
49. What is the purpose of the triad?
A. The triad stores sodium.
B. The triad synthesizes ATP.
C. The triad maintains the resting membrane potential.
D. The triad removes acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft.
E. The triad allows for Ca2+ release when a muscle fiber is excited.


50. Which of the following individuals would have more mitochondria in her skeletal muscle?
A. a 50-year-old sedentary computer programmer
B. a 22-year-old football player
C. a long-term hospice patient
D. a model on a reduced-calorie diet
E. a newborn
51. Which of the following systems would provide energy for a racquetball player?
A. the respiratory system
B. the glycolysis system
C. the phosphagen system
D. the anaerobic system
E. glycogen-lactic acid system
52. Loss of muscle mass from lack of activity is termed
A. myopathy.
B. dystrophy.
C. apathy.
D. atrophy.
E. treppe.

53. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a muscle cell?
A. plasticity
B. contractility
C. conductivity
D. extensibility
E. excitability
54. Collagen is
A. contractile.
B. excitable.
C. elastic.
D. expendable.
E. impermeable.
55. A myofilament that flanks a thick filament and anchors it to a Z disc is called
A. a myofibril.
B. a thin filament.
C. a myoglobin.
D. a sarcoplasm.
E. an elastic filament.
56. The bladder's ability to greatly distend and return to normal tension is due to the ___ of smooth muscles.
A. elasticity
B. longevity
C. tensile strength
D. plasticity
E. tone
57. A skeletal muscle generates the greatest tension when it is
A. greatly stretched before being stimulated.
B. partially stretched before being stimulated.
C. fully relaxed before being stimulated.
D. well-rested and low in creatine phosphate.
E. in a state of treppe.

58. A volleyball player depends on the gastrocnemius muscles for plantar flexion, whereas a marathon runner
depends more on the soleus muscles for the same action. This is because the soleus muscles
A. have smaller mitochondria.
B. have more glycogen in them.
C. don't have as many blood capillaries per gram of tissue.
D. make more use of aerobic respiration.
E. break ATP down to ADP and Pi faster.
59. In skeletal muscle, alternating light and dark bands are termed
A. strabismus.
B. striations.
C. treppe.
D. myofibrils.
E. myoblasts.
60. The training regimen of a competitive weight lifter is designed partly to
A. convert certain parallel muscles into stronger pennate muscles.
B. increase the average number of myofibrils per muscle fiber.
C. convert white muscle tissue to red muscle.
D. increase the size of his motor units.
E. lower the threshold for muscle excitation.


11 Key
1.

Extensibility refers to the ability of a muscle to stretch.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.01.a Describe the physiological properties that all muscle types have in common.

Saladin - Chapter 11 #1
Section: 11.01
Topic: Muscular System

2.

A dark band formed by parallel thick filaments that partly overlap the thin filaments is known as an H
band.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.02.b Relate the striations of a muscle fiber to the overlapping arrangement of its protein filaments.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #2
Section: 11.02
Topic: Muscular System

3.

The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fiber.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.02.a Describe the structural components of a muscle fiber.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #3
Section: 11.02
Topic: Muscular System

4.

Clinically, dystrophin is the most important noncontractile protein to occur in muscle fibers.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.02.c Name the major proteins of a muscle fiber and state the function of each.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #4
Section: 11.02
Topic: Muscular System

5.

The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction has emerged from research only in the last 10 to 15
years.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.04.c Explain the mechanism of muscle contraction.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #5
Section: 11.04
Topic: Muscular System

6.

A deficiency of acetylcholine receptors leads to muscle paralysis in myasthenia gravis.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.04.a Explain how a nerve fiber stimulates a skeletal muscle fiber.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #6
Section: 11.03
Topic: Muscular System

7.

An isometric contraction does not change muscle length.
TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.05.d Distinguish between isometric and isotonic contraction.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #7
Section: 11.05
Topic: Muscular System

8.

Some smooth muscle is autorhythmic.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.07.d Relate the unique properties of smooth muscle to its locations and functions.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #8
Section: 11.07
Topic: Muscular System


Saladin - Chapter 11

9.

Which marks the boundaries of a sarcomere?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Figure: 11.05
Learning Outcome: 11.02.b Relate the striations of a muscle fiber to the overlapping arrangement of its protein filaments.

Saladin - Chapter 11 #9
Section: 11.04
Topic: Muscular System

10.

Which is predominately made up of myosin?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Figure: 11.05
Learning Outcome: 11.02.b Relate the striations of a muscle fiber to the overlapping arrangement of its protein filaments.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #10
Section: 11.04
Topic: Muscular System

11.

Which band contains overlapping thick and thin filaments?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Figure: 11.05
Learning Outcome: 11.02.b Relate the striations of a muscle fiber to the overlapping arrangement of its protein filaments.

Saladin - Chapter 11 #11
Section: 11.04
Topic: Muscular System


12.

Which of the following is not a purpose of the excess postexercise oxygen consumption in muscle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

to neutralize carbon dioxide buildup
to replenish the phosphagen system
to oxidize lactic acid
to serve elevated metabolic rate
to restore resting levels of ATP and CP
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 11.06.c Define oxygen debt and explain why extra oxygen is needed even after an exercise has ended.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #12
Section: 11.06
Topic: Muscular System

13.

Which muscle type depends solely on the sarcoplasmic reticulum as its calcium source?
A. skeletal muscle
B. smooth muscle

C. cardiac muscle
D. skeletal and smooth muscle
E. smooth and cardiac muscle
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.07.a Describe the structural and physiological differences between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #13
Section: 11.07
Topic: Muscular System

14.

Which muscle(s) can contract without the need for nervous stimulation?
A. skeletal muscle
B. smooth muscle
C. cardiac muscle
D. smooth and cardiac muscle
E. skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.07.d Relate the unique properties of smooth muscle to its locations and functions.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #14
Section: 11.07
Topic: Muscular System

15.

80% of the lactic acid produced by skeletal muscle is converted to pyruvic acid
A. by the kidneys
B. in the liver
C. in the muscle tissue
D. in the sarcoplasmic reticulum

E. in the neuromuscular junction
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.06.b Explain the basis of muscle fatigue and soreness.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #15
Section: 11.06
Topic: Muscular System

16.

During muscle contraction, a single myosin head consumes ATP at a rate of about
A. 1 ATP per second.
B. 3 ATP per second.
C. 5 ATP per second.
D. 7 ATP per second.
E. 9 ATP per second.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.04.c Explain the mechanism of muscle contraction.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #16
Section: 11.04
Topic: Muscular System


17.

The term for shortening of a muscle while maintaining constant tension is
A. treppe.
B. tetanus.
C. isokinetic contraction.
D. isometric contraction.
E. isotonic contraction.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.05.d Distinguish between isometric and isotonic contraction.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #17
Section: 11.05
Topic: Muscular System

18.

Which fibers are primarily responsible for producing lactic acid?
A. type I slow oxidative fibers
B. type IIA intermediate glycolytic fibers
C. type IIB fast glycolytic fibers
D. type I slow-twitch fibers
E. red fibers
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.06.d Distinguish between two physiological types of muscle fibers, and explain their functional roles.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #18
Section: 11.06
Topic: Muscular System

19.

Michael Jordan was arguably the best player in professional basketball history. Scientifically one
would expect him to have highly developed
A. red fibers.
B. white fibers.
C. intermediate fibers.
D. fast-twitch fibers.
E. slow oxidative fibers.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 11.06.d Distinguish between two physiological types of muscle fibers, and explain their functional roles.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #19
Section: 11.06
Topic: Muscular System

20.

Where would you expect to find numerous gap junctions in muscular tissue?
A. the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle
B. the A bands of skeletal and cardiac muscle
C. the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle
D. intercalated discs of cardiac muscle
E. multiunit smooth muscle
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 11.07.a Describe the structural and physiological differences between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #20
Section: 11.07
Topic: Muscular System

21.

The contraction strength of smooth muscle is relatively independent of its resting length partly
because
A. it gets nearly all of its Ca2+ from the extracellular fluid.
B. it does not have intercalated discs.
C. it does not have sarcomeres.
D. it is regulated by a length-tension relationship.
E. it is involuntary muscle.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.07.c Describe the structural and physiological differences between smooth muscle and skeletal muscle.

Saladin - Chapter 11 #21
Section: 11.07
Topic: Muscular System


22.

In comparison to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle
A. contracts more slowly but relaxes more rapidly.
B. contracts more rapidly but relaxes more slowly.
C. contracts and relaxes more slowly.
D. consumes more ATP to maintain a given level of muscle tension.
E. depends on a nerve fiber to supply the calcium needed for contraction.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.07.c Describe the structural and physiological differences between smooth muscle and skeletal muscle.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #22
Section: 11.07
Topic: Muscular System

23.

Which of the following is very important for muscle to continue contraction during anaerobic
respiration?
A. cholinesterase inhibitors
B. protease
C. myokinase
D. acetylcholinesterase
E. acid phosphatase
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.06.a Explain how skeletal muscle meets its energy demands during rest and exercise.

Saladin - Chapter 11 #23
Section: 11.06
Topic: Muscular System

24.

The minimum stimulus needed to cause muscle contraction is called
A. the threshold.
B. the latent period.
C. twitch.
D. recruitment.
E. innervation.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.05.a Describe the stages of a muscle twitch.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #24
Section: 11.05
Topic: Muscular System

25.

If one nerve stimulus arrives at a muscle fiber so soon that the fiber has only partially relaxed from the
previous twitch, the most likely result will be
A. fatigue.
B. treppe.
C. incomplete tetanus.
D. complete tetanus.
E. flaccid paralysis.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.05.c Explain how successive muscle twitches can add up to produce stronger muscle contractions.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #25

Section: 11.05
Topic: Muscular System

26.

Which of the following is true concerning isotonic eccentric contraction?
A. The muscle shortens but tension remains constant.
B. The muscle lengthens but tension remains constant.
C. The muscle tenses and shortens.
D. The muscle tenses but length remains unchanged.
E. The muscle lengthens and tension declines.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.05.e Distinguish between concentric and eccentric contraction.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #26
Section: 11.05
Topic: Muscular System


27.

Which of the following has the largest mitochondria?
A. slow oxidative fibers
B. fast glycolytic fibers
C. cardiac muscle
D. smooth muscle
E. intermediate fibers
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.07.a Describe the structural and physiological differences between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #27
Section: 11.07

Topic: Muscular System

28.

One somatic motor neuron is stimulated by how many muscle fibers?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
E. 4
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 11.03.a Explain what a motor unit is and how it relates to muscle contraction.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #28
Section: 11.03
Topic: Muscular System

29.

To stimulate muscle contraction, acetylcholine is released from the ___________ into the synaptic
cleft.
A. synaptic knob
B. junctional folds
C. sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. sarcolemma
E. terminal cisterna
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.03.b Describe the structure of the junction where a nerve fiber meets a muscle fiber.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #29
Section: 11.03
Topic: Muscular System

30.

The absence or inhibition of acetylcholinesterase at a synapse would lead to which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

flaccid paralysis
tetanus
atrophy
numbness
muscle wasting
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.04.d Explain how a muscle fiber relaxes.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #30
Section: 11.03
Topic: Muscular System

31.

Which statement best describes the goal of medications used to treat myasthenia gravis?
A. to increase the number of acetylcholine receptors
B. to decrease the number of synaptic vesicles
C. to promote multiple motor unit summation
D. to inhibit Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
E. to inhibit the function of cholinesterase
Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 11.04.c Explain the mechanism of muscle contraction.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #31
Section: 11.03
Topic: Muscular System


32.

The process of bringing more motor units into use during a muscle contraction is called
A. wave summation.
B. recruitment.
C. treppe.
D. incomplete tetanus.
E. complete tetanus.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.03.a Explain what a motor unit is and how it relates to muscle contraction.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #32
Section: 11.05
Topic: Muscular System

33.

Aerobic respiration produces approximately _____ more ATPs per glucose molecule than glycolysis
does.
A. 12
B. 24
C. 36
D. 48
E. 100
Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.06.a Explain how skeletal muscle meets its energy demands during rest and exercise.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #33
Section: 11.06
Topic: Muscular System

34.

Athletes who train at high altitudes increase their red blood cell count and thus increase their oxygen
supply during exercise. Increased oxygen supply results in
A. increased glycolysis.
B. increased use of myokinase.
C. longer aerobic respiration.
D. longer anaerobic fermentation.
E. reduced ATP consumption.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.06.b Explain the basis of muscle fatigue and soreness.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #34
Section: 11.06
Topic: Muscular System

35.

Cardiac muscle has very little capacity for regeneration because it lacks
A. satellite cells.
B. endomysium.
C. sarcomeres.
D. dense bodies.
E. somatic nerve fibers.
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 11.07.a Describe the structural and physiological differences between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle.

Saladin - Chapter 11 #35
Section: 11.07
Topic: Muscular System

36.

Which of the following would be caused by contraction of smooth muscle?
A. goose bumps
B. blood leaving the left ventricle of the heart
C. elevating the eyebrows
D. blinking the eyelids
E. deep inspiration
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.07.d Relate the unique properties of smooth muscle to its locations and functions.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #36
Section: 11.07
Topic: Muscular System


37.

The triads of a muscle fiber consist of
A. two A bands and one I band.
B. two T tubules and one terminal cisterna.
C. two terminal cisternae and one T tubule.
D. two thin myofilaments and one thick myofilament.
E. two thick myofilaments and one thin myofilament.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.02.a Describe the structural components of a muscle fiber.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #37

Section: 11.02
Topic: Muscular System

38.

As you are lifting a box, someone places extra weight on top of it. For your muscle to continue
contracting and lifting the box, the muscle must
A. recruit more muscle fibers.
B. lower its threshold.
C. reduce its wave summation.
D. shift from isometric to isotonic contraction.
E. shift from slow-twitch to fast-twitch mode.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.03.a Explain what a motor unit is and how it relates to muscle contraction.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #38
Section: 11.03
Section: 11.05
Topic: Muscular System

39.

The protein that acts as a calcium receptor in skeletal muscle is
A. F actin.
B. tropomyosin.
C. troponin.
D. titin.
E. dystrophin.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.02.c Name the major proteins of a muscle fiber and state the function of each.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #39

Section: 11.02
Topic: Muscular System

40.

Drugs called calcium channel blockers may be used to lower blood pressure by causing arteries to
vasodilate. These drugs
A. prevent calcium from entering the sarcoplasmic reticulum of smooth muscle.
B. stimulate the calcium pump in smooth muscle, thus removing calcium from the calmodulin.
C. prevent calcium from exiting the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle.
D. prevent calcium from entering cardiac muscle, thus slowing down the heart rate.
E. prevent calcium from entering smooth muscle, thus allowing the muscle to relax.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.07.d Relate the unique properties of smooth muscle to its locations and functions.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #40
Section: 11.07
Topic: Muscular System

41.

Exposure to Clostridium tetani causes continuous release of acetylcholine. What effect does this have
on smooth muscle?
A. flaccid paralysis
B. spastic paralysis
C. lockjaw
D. no effect
E. myocardial atrophy
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.04.a Explain how a nerve fiber stimulates a skeletal muscle fiber.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #41

Section: 11.04
Topic: Muscular System


42.

Dystrophin, the protein that is defective in muscular dystrophy, is normally found
A. between the outermost myofilaments and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber.
B. as a transmembrane protein of the sarcolemma.
C. in the Z discs of skeletal and cardiac muscle.
D. in the dense bodies of smooth muscle.
E. bridging the gap between the sarcolemma and synaptic knob.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.02.c Name the major proteins of a muscle fiber and state the function of each.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #42
Section: 11.02
Topic: Muscular System

43.

A reason that muscle twitches become progressively stronger in treppe is
A. Ca2+ accumulates in the sarcoplasm faster than the sarcoplasmic reticulum can reabsorb it.
B. ATP is regenerated faster than it is consumed.
C. myosin heads show faster and faster power strokes.
D. more and more acetytlcholine is released with each stimulus.
E. as the muscle warms up, aerobic respiration is accelerated.
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 11.05.c Explain how successive muscle twitches can add up to produce stronger muscle contractions.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #43
Section: 11.05

Topic: Muscular System

44.

The purpose of varicosities in motor nerve fibers in muscle physiology is
A. to link the thin filaments to the inside of the sarcolemma in smooth muscle.
B. to reabsorb the decomposition products of acetylcholine after acetylcholinesterase breaks it down.
C. to enable each cardiac myocyte to directly stimulate its neighbors.
D. to release neurotransmitter onto smooth muscle cells.
E. to prevent single-unit smooth muscle cells from pulling apart.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.07.d Relate the unique properties of smooth muscle to its locations and functions.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #44
Section: 11.07
Topic: Muscular System

45.

Creatine kinase
A. donates one of its phosphate groups to ADP.
B. phosphorylates and activates certain enzymes in the sarcoplasm.
C. acts as a second messenger in muscle fibers.
D. catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from CP to ADP.
E. functions as a substitute for ATP during anaerobic fermentation.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.06.a Explain how skeletal muscle meets its energy demands during rest and exercise.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #45
Section: 11.06
Topic: Muscular System

46.

Release of acetylcholine at a neuromuscular junction
A. decreases the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
B. increases permeability of the sarcolemma to Na+.
C. decreases the positive charge on the sarcolemma.
D. lowers the threshold of the muscle fiber.
E. overrides the inhibitory effect of acetylcholinesterase.
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 11.03.c Explain why a cell has an electrical charge difference across its plasma membrane and, in general terms, how this relates to muscle
contraction.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #46
Section: 11.03
Topic: Muscular System


47.

Which of the following best describes the resting membrane potential (RMP)?
A. The intracellular environment is negatively charged.
B. The intracellular environment has more positively charged sodium.
C. The extracellular environment is negatively charged.
D. It has a voltage of about +75 mV.
E. It depends on the muscle fiber absorbing potassium ions from the ECF.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.03.c Explain why a cell has an electrical charge difference across its plasma membrane and, in general terms, how this relates to muscle
contraction.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #47
Section: 11.03
Topic: Muscular System

48.

The sarcolemma of a resting muscle fiber is most permeable to
A. calcium.
B. potassium.
C. sodium.
D. lithium.
E. magnesium.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 11.03.c Explain why a cell has an electrical charge difference across its plasma membrane and, in general terms, how this relates to muscle
contraction.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #48
Section: 11.03
Topic: Muscular System

49.

What is the purpose of the triad?
A. The triad stores sodium.
B. The triad synthesizes ATP.
C. The triad maintains the resting membrane potential.
D. The triad removes acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft.
E. The triad allows for Ca2+ release when a muscle fiber is excited.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.02.a Describe the structural components of a muscle fiber.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #49
Section: 11.02
Topic: Muscular System

50.

Which of the following individuals would have more mitochondria in her skeletal muscle?
A. a 50-year-old sedentary computer programmer
B. a 22-year-old football player
C. a long-term hospice patient
D. a model on a reduced-calorie diet
E. a newborn
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.06.a Explain how skeletal muscle meets its energy demands during rest and exercise.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #50
Section: 11.06
Topic: Muscular System

51.

Which of the following systems would provide energy for a racquetball player?
A. the respiratory system
B. the glycolysis system
C. the phosphagen system
D. the anaerobic system
E. glycogen-lactic acid system
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.06.a Explain how skeletal muscle meets its energy demands during rest and exercise.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #51
Section: 11.06
Topic: Muscular System


52.

Loss of muscle mass from lack of activity is termed
A. myopathy.
B. dystrophy.
C. apathy.
D. atrophy.
E. treppe.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.06.e Discuss the factors that affect muscular strength.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #52
Section: 11.06
Topic: Muscular System

53.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a muscle cell?
A. plasticity
B. contractility
C. conductivity
D. extensibility
E. excitability
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.01.b List the defining characteristics of skeletal muscle.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #53
Section: 11.01
Topic: Muscular System

54.

Collagen is

A. contractile.
B. excitable.
C. elastic.
D. expendable.
E. impermeable.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.01.c Discuss the possible elastic functions of the connective tissue components of a muscle.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #54
Section: 11.01
Topic: Muscular System

55.

A myofilament that flanks a thick filament and anchors it to a Z disc is called
A. a myofibril.
B. a thin filament.
C. a myoglobin.
D. a sarcoplasm.
E. an elastic filament.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.02.c Name the major proteins of a muscle fiber and state the function of each.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #55
Section: 11.02
Topic: Muscular System

56.

The bladder's ability to greatly distend and return to normal tension is due to the ___ of smooth
muscles.
A. elasticity

B. longevity
C. tensile strength
D. plasticity
E. tone
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.07.d Relate the unique properties of smooth muscle to its locations and functions.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #56
Section: 11.07
Topic: Muscular System


57.

A skeletal muscle generates the greatest tension when it is
A. greatly stretched before being stimulated.
B. partially stretched before being stimulated.
C. fully relaxed before being stimulated.
D. well-rested and low in creatine phosphate.
E. in a state of treppe.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.04.e Explain why the force of a muscle contraction depends on sarcomere length prior to stimulation.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #57
Section: 11.04
Topic: Muscular System

58.

A volleyball player depends on the gastrocnemius muscles for plantar flexion, whereas a marathon
runner depends more on the soleus muscles for the same action. This is because the soleus muscles
A.

B.
C.
D.
E.

have smaller mitochondria.
have more glycogen in them.
don't have as many blood capillaries per gram of tissue.
make more use of aerobic respiration.
break ATP down to ADP and Pi faster.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.06.a Explain how skeletal muscle meets its energy demands during rest and exercise.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #58
Section: 11.06
Topic: Muscular System

59.

In skeletal muscle, alternating light and dark bands are termed
A. strabismus.
B. striations.
C. treppe.
D. myofibrils.
E. myoblasts.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.02.b Relate the striations of a muscle fiber to the overlapping arrangement of its protein filaments.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #59
Section: 11.01
Topic: Muscular System

60.

The training regimen of a competitive weight lifter is designed partly to
A. convert certain parallel muscles into stronger pennate muscles.
B. increase the average number of myofibrils per muscle fiber.
C. convert white muscle tissue to red muscle.
D. increase the size of his motor units.
E. lower the threshold for muscle excitation.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.06.f Discuss the effects of resistance and endurance exercises on muscle.
Saladin - Chapter 11 #60
Section: 11.06
Topic: Muscular System


11 Summary
Category
# of Questions
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
22
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
4
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
31
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
3
Figure: 11.05
3
Learning Outcome: 11.01.a Describe the physiological properties that all muscle types have in common.
1

Learning Outcome: 11.01.b List the defining characteristics of skeletal muscle.
1
Learning Outcome: 11.01.c Discuss the possible elastic functions of the connective tissue components of a muscle.
1
Learning Outcome: 11.02.a Describe the structural components of a muscle fiber.
3
Learning Outcome: 11.02.b Relate the striations of a muscle fiber to the overlapping arrangement of its protein filaments.
5
Learning Outcome: 11.02.c Name the major proteins of a muscle fiber and state the function of each.
4
Learning Outcome: 11.03.a Explain what a motor unit is and how it relates to muscle contraction.
3
Learning Outcome: 11.03.b Describe the structure of the junction where a nerve fiber meets a muscle fiber.
1
Learning Outcome: 11.03.c Explain why a cell has an electrical charge difference across its plasma membrane and, in general term
3
s, how this relates to muscle contraction.
Learning Outcome: 11.04.a Explain how a nerve fiber stimulates a skeletal muscle fiber.
2
Learning Outcome: 11.04.c Explain the mechanism of muscle contraction.
3
Learning Outcome: 11.04.d Explain how a muscle fiber relaxes.
1
Learning Outcome: 11.04.e Explain why the force of a muscle contraction depends on sarcomere length prior to stimulation.
1
Learning Outcome: 11.05.a Describe the stages of a muscle twitch.
1
Learning Outcome: 11.05.c Explain how successive muscle twitches can add up to produce stronger muscle contractions.
2
Learning Outcome: 11.05.d Distinguish between isometric and isotonic contraction.

2
Learning Outcome: 11.05.e Distinguish between concentric and eccentric contraction.
1
Learning Outcome: 11.06.a Explain how skeletal muscle meets its energy demands during rest and exercise.
6
Learning Outcome: 11.06.b Explain the basis of muscle fatigue and soreness.
2
Learning Outcome: 11.06.c Define oxygen debt and explain why extra oxygen is needed even after an exercise has ended.
1
Learning Outcome: 11.06.d Distinguish between two physiological types of muscle fibers, and explain their functional roles.
2
Learning Outcome: 11.06.e Discuss the factors that affect muscular strength.
1
Learning Outcome: 11.06.f Discuss the effects of resistance and endurance exercises on muscle.
1
Learning Outcome: 11.07.a Describe the structural and physiological differences between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle.
4
Learning Outcome: 11.07.c Describe the structural and physiological differences between smooth muscle and skeletal muscle.
2
Learning Outcome: 11.07.d Relate the unique properties of smooth muscle to its locations and functions.
6
Saladin - Chapter 11
61
Section: 11.01
4
Section: 11.02
8
Section: 11.03
9
Section: 11.04

7
Section: 11.05
8
Section: 11.06
13
Section: 11.07
12
Topic: Muscular System
60