Test bank saladin anatomy and physiology unity of form and function 6th ch16

16
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1.

Transduction begins with an action potential in a sensory receptor.
True False

2.

Sensory receptors sense only stimuli external to the body, such as light, sound waves, smell, and touch.
True

False

3.

Most somesthetic signals in the right side of the body reach the cerebral cortex in the contralateral
primary somesthetic area.
True False

4.

Fast pain is a localized response mediated by myelinated nerve fibers.
True False

5.

Divergent sensory pathways explain the phenomenon of referred pain.
True False

6.

Olfaction results from the stimulation of chemoreceptors.
True False

7.

Taste signals travel from the tongue through the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves.
True False

8.

The ossicles belong to the middle ear.
True False

9.

The macula sacculi is nearly horizontal and the macula utriculi is nearly vertical.
True False

10. The vestibule contains organs of hearing and equilibrium.
True False
11. The middle ear consists of a fluid-filled chamber.
True False
12. The cornea belongs to the tunica fibrosa (fibrous layer) of the eyeball.
True False
13. Light falling on the retina is absorbed by rhodopsin and photopsin in the pigment epithelium.
True False
14. Rods secrete glutamate from the base of the cell when exposed to light.
True False

15. Vitamin A is necessary for the synthesis of rhodopsin.
True False
16. The output energy of all receptors is a type of ___ energy.
A. chemical
B. mechanical
C. thermal
D. electrical
E. nuclear


17. The initial effect of a stimulus on a sensory receptor is a local electrical change specifically called a(an)
A. action potential.
B. graded potential.
C. local potential.
D. sensory potential.
E. receptor potential.
18. What is a sensation?
A. a response of a sensory receptor
B. a response of a sensory organ
C. a subjective awareness of a stimulus
D. an unconscious response to a stimulus
E. a response to any conscious stimulus
19. Changes in cerebrospinal fluid pH are detected by
A. thermoreceptors.
B. chemoreceptors.
C. nociceptors.
D. mechanoreceptors.
E. proprioceptors.
20. Changes in blood pressure are detected by ___ in arteries.
A. mechanoreceptors

B. chemoreceptors
C. proprioceptors
D. nociceptors
E. thermoreceptors
21. You can smell the fragrance of your deodorant when you just put it on, but after a little while the smell
fades. What explains this phenomenon?
A. the sensory projection of the sense of smell
B. the projection pathway of the sense of smell
C. the tonic nature of the sense of smell
D. the phasic nature of the sense of smell
E. the fast adaptation of the primary olfactory cortex to the smell of your deodorant
22. This organ does not have nociceptors.
A. brain
B. heart
C. kidney
D. liver
E. stomach
23. Pain, heat, and cold are detected by
A. tactile (Meissner) discs.
B. tactile corpuscles.
C. lamellar (pacinian) corpuscles.
D. free nerve endings.
E. end (Krause) bulbs.
24. These are all analgesics (pain relievers) naturally occurring in the central nervous system except
A. endogenous opioids.
B. dynorphins.
C. enkephalins.
D. endorphins.
E. bradykinins.

25. Most second-order somesthetic neurons synapse with third-order neurons in the
A. midbrain.
B. thalamus.
C. spinothalamic tract.
D. hypothalamus.
E. postcentral gyrus.
26. These structures are all involved with spinal gating of pain signals except
A. nociceptors.
B. the spinothalamic tract.
C. lower motor neurons.
D. second-order neurons.
E. the reticulospinal tract.

27. This figure shows the structure of a taste bud. Which cell produces a receptor potential?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
28. What structure is visible to the naked eye?
A. lingual papilla
B. taste (gustatory) cell
C. taste hair
D. taste bud
E. taste pore
29. What taste sensation is produced by amino acids such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid?
A. salty
B. umami
C. bitter

D. sweet
E. sour
30. Pheromones stimulate
A. hair cells.
B. supporting cells.
C. taste cells.
D. olfactory cells.
E. olfactory glands.
31. The primary olfactory cortex is located in the
A. parietal lobe.
B. insula.
C. occipital lobe.
D. frontal lobe.
E. temporal lobe.


32. ___ is the only sense in which signals can reach the cerebral cortex without passing first through the
thalamus.
A. Touch
B. Smell
C. Taste
D. Vision
E. Equilibrium
33. Infrasonic frequencies below ___ Hz are not detected by the human ear, whereas ultrasonic frequencies
above ___ Hz are inaudible vibrations.
A. 5; 20
B. 10; 10,000
C. 20; 20,000
D. 5; 200,000
E. 100; 100,000

34. This figure shows the internal anatomy of the ear. Which structure belongs to the inner ear?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
35. This figure shows the internal anatomy of the ear. What does "7" represent?
A. the cochlea
B. the vestibule
C. the semicircular duct
D. the stapes
E. the tympanic cavity
36. This figure shows the internal anatomy of the ear. What does "3" represent?
A. the incus
B. the malleus
C. the stapes
D. the oval window
E. the round window


37. This figure shows the spiral organ (organ of Corti). Which structure acts as a transducer?
A. 1
B. 6
C. 4
D. 5
E. 7
38. The structure shown in this figure is located within which of the following structures?
A. Scala vestibuli
B. Scala tympani

C. Cochlear duct
D. Anterior semicircular duct
E. Vestibule
39. Which structure allows upper respiratory infections to spread from the throat to the tympanic cavity?
A. the oval window
B. the cochlear duct
C. the auditory canal
D. the auditory (eustachian) tube
E. the tympanic cavity
40. Stimuli produced by sound waves reach the brain following the pathway:
A. cochlear duct → spiral organ → ossicles → oval window → auditory canal → tympanic membrane →
fibers of cochlear nerve
B. auditory canal → tympanic membrane → oval window → cochlear duct → ossicles → spiral organ →
fibers of cochlear nerve
C. cochlear duct → oval window → auditory canal → tympanic membrane → ossicles → spiral organ →
fibers of cochlear nerve
D. tympanic membrane → auditory canal → ossicles → oval window → cochlear duct → spiral organ →
fibers of cochlear nerve
E. auditory canal → tympanic membrane → ossicles → oval window → cochlear duct → spiral organ →
fibers of cochlear nerve
41. Which of these is most vulnerable to irreversible damage caused by a very loud noise?
A. the ossicles
B. cochlear hair cells
C. the tympanic membrane
D. fibers of the cochlear nerve
E. the tectorial membrane


42. Each upward movement of the _____ causes the stereocilia of the inner hair cells to bend, opening ___
gates.

A. basilar membrane; K+
B. tectorial membrane; K+
C. vestibular membrane; K+
D. basilar membrane; Na+
E. tectorial membrane; Na+
43. A 100 dB sound (loud) of 150 Hz (low pitch) would cause the
A. tectorial membrane to vibrate slightly near its distal end.
B. tectorial membrane to vibrate vigorously near its proximal end.
C. basilar membrane to vibrate slightly near its proximal end.
D. basilar membrane to vibrate vigorously near its distal end.
E. basilar membrane to vibrate slightly near its distal end.
44. When you spin while sitting in a swivel chair with your eyes closed, you can sense this movement by
means of your
A. cochlea.
B. saccule.
C. semicircular ducts.
D. utricle.
E. spiral organ (organ of Corti).
45. When you travel in an elevator, the ___ senses when the elevator is moving.
A. inner hair cells of the basilar membrane
B. outer hair cells of the basilar membrane
C. hair cells of the tectorial membrane
D. hair cells of the otolithic membrane of the macula utriculi
E. hair cells of the otolithic membrane of the macula sacculi
46. The crista ampullaris is associated with
A. static equilibrium related to standing still.
B. static acceleration related to linear acceleration.
C. dynamic equilibrium related to angular acceleration.
D. hearing related to high-pitch sounds.
E. vision related to color.

47. The ___ do(does) not contribute to the sense of equilibrium.
A. retina
B. semicircular canals
C. saccule
D. utricle
E. vallate papillae


48. This figure shows a schematic of the layers of the retinal cells. What does "5" represent?
A. a bipolar cell
B. a pigment cell
C. a rod
D. a cone
E. a ganglion cell
49. Human vision is limited to wavelengths ranging from ___ nm.
A. 4 to 70
B. 40 to 700
C. 400 to 700
D. 400 to 7,000
E. 4,000 to 7,000
50. These are all accessory structures of the eye except
A. the conjunctiva.
B. the palpebrae.
C. the lacrimal apparatus.
D. the superior oblique.
E. the cornea.
51. The ___ is not an optic component of the eye.
A. aqueous humor
B. vitreous body
C. lens

D. retina
E. cornea


52. Glaucoma is a state of elevated pressure within the eye that occurs when the ___ is obstructed so the ___
is not reabsorbed as fast as it is secreted.
A. scleral venous sinus; aqueous humor
B. posterior chamber; aqueous humor
C. anterior chamber; vitreous humor
D. scleral venous sinus; vitreous humor
E. pupil; aqueous humor
53. Nerve fibers from all regions of the retina converge on the ___ and exit the eye by way of the optic nerve.
A. macula lutea
B. optic disc
C. fovea centralis
D. ora serrata
E. lens
54. When you view objects close to the eye, the eye makes an adjustment called
A. emmetropia.
B. accommodation.
C. refraction.
D. myopia.
E. diplopia.
55. A(An) ___ eye does not need a corrective lens to focus the image.
A. hyperopic
B. myopic
C. presbyopic
D. emmetropic
E. astigmatic
56. ___ are responsible for photopic (day) vision as well as trichromatic (color) vision.

A. Bipolar cells
B. Rods
C. Cones
D. Ganglion cells
E. Pigment cells


57. This figure shows the metabolism of a visual pigment. Which step(s) represent(s) bleaching?
A. 1, 2, 3, and 4
B. only 1
C. only 3
D. only 5
E. 5 and 6
58. The fact that cones exhibit less neuronal convergence than rods do is part of the reason that
A. rod cells cannot distinguish different colors from each other.
B. rod cells do not function in bright light.
C. no images are perceived within the optic disc.
D. cone cells do not see in black and white.
E. photopic (day) vision has higher resolution than scotopic (night) vision.
59. ___ are the only retinal cells that produce action potentials.
A. Rods
B. Cones
C. Ganglion cells
D. Bipolar cells
E. Horizontal cells
60. The duplicity theory of vision holds that
A. a single type of receptor system cannot produce both high sensitivity and high resolution.
B. cones and rods are responsible for both photopic (day) vision as well as trichromatic (color) vision.
C. cones are responsible for both photopic (day) vision as well as trichromatic (color) vision.
D. light adaptation and dark adaptation are adjustments in vision to changing light intensities.

E. there are short-wavelength cones and long-wavelength cones.
61. The first-order neurons in the visual pathway are
A. the optic nerve fibers.
B. the rods and cones.
C. the ganglion cells.
D. the bipolar cells of the retina.
E. the photoreceptors of the eye.


62. Half of the fibers of each optic nerve decussate at the ___.
A. superior colliculus
B. optic chiasm
C. lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
D. optic foramen
E. midbrain
63. Adjustment to close-range vision involves all of the following except
A. activity of the extrinsic eye muscles.
B. change in the curvature of the lens.
C. constriction of the pupil.
D. ciliary muscle activity.
E. light adaptation.


16 Key
1.

Transduction begins with an action potential in a sensory receptor.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Chapter - Chapter 16 #1

Learning Outcome: 16.01.a Define receptor and sense organ.
Section: 16.01
Topic: Nervous System

2.

Sensory receptors sense only stimuli external to the body, such as light, sound waves, smell, and
touch.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #2
Learning Outcome: 16.01.a Define receptor and sense organ.
Section: 16.01
Topic: Nervous System

3.

Most somesthetic signals in the right side of the body reach the cerebral cortex in the contralateral
primary somesthetic area.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Chapter - Chapter 16 #3
Learning Outcome: 16.02.b Describe the projection pathways for the general senses.
Section: 16.02
Topic: Nervous System

4.

Fast pain is a localized response mediated by myelinated nerve fibers.
TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #4
Learning Outcome: 16.02.c Explain the mechanisms of pain and the spinal blocking of pain signals.
Section: 16.02
Topic: Nervous System

5.

Divergent sensory pathways explain the phenomenon of referred pain.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #5
Learning Outcome: 16.02.c Explain the mechanisms of pain and the spinal blocking of pain signals.
Section: 16.02
Topic: Nervous System

6.

Olfaction results from the stimulation of chemoreceptors.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #6
Learning Outcome: 16.03.a Explain how taste and smell receptors are stimulated.
Section: 16.03
Topic: Nervous System

7.

Taste signals travel from the tongue through the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves.
TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #7
Learning Outcome: 16.03.a Explain how taste and smell receptors are stimulated.
Section: 16.03
Topic: Nervous System

8.

The ossicles belong to the middle ear.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #8
Learning Outcome: 16.04.b Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the ear.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Nervous System


9.

The macula sacculi is nearly horizontal and the macula utriculi is nearly vertical.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #9
Learning Outcome: 16.04.b Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the ear.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Nervous System

10.

The vestibule contains organs of hearing and equilibrium.

FALSE
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Chapter - Chapter 16 #10
Learning Outcome: 16.04.b Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the ear.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Nervous System

11.

The middle ear consists of a fluid-filled chamber.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #11
Learning Outcome: 16.04.b Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the ear.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Nervous System

12.

The cornea belongs to the tunica fibrosa (fibrous layer) of the eyeball.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #12
Learning Outcome: 16.05.a Describe the anatomy of the eye and its accessory structures.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Nervous System

13.

Light falling on the retina is absorbed by rhodopsin and photopsin in the pigment epithelium.

FALSE
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Chapter - Chapter 16 #13
Learning Outcome: 16.05.a Describe the anatomy of the eye and its accessory structures.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Nervous System

14.

Rods secrete glutamate from the base of the cell when exposed to light.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #14
Learning Outcome: 16.05.d Discuss how the retina converts this image to nerve signals.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Nervous System

15.

Vitamin A is necessary for the synthesis of rhodopsin.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #15
Learning Outcome: 16.05.e Explain why different types of receptor cells and neural circuits are required for day and night vision.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Nervous System

16.

The output energy of all receptors is a type of ___ energy.

A. chemical
B. mechanical
C. thermal
D. electrical
E. nuclear
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Chapter - Chapter 16 #16
Learning Outcome: 16.01.a Define receptor and sense organ.
Section: 16.01
Topic: Nervous System


17.

The initial effect of a stimulus on a sensory receptor is a local electrical change specifically called
a(an)
A. action potential.
B. graded potential.
C. local potential.
D. sensory potential.
E. receptor potential.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #17
Learning Outcome: 16.01.a Define receptor and sense organ.
Section: 16.01
Topic: Nervous System

18.

What is a sensation?

A. a response of a sensory receptor
B. a response of a sensory organ
C. a subjective awareness of a stimulus
D. an unconscious response to a stimulus
E. a response to any conscious stimulus
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #18
Learning Outcome: 16.01.a Define receptor and sense organ.
Section: 16.01
Topic: Nervous System

19.

Changes in cerebrospinal fluid pH are detected by
A. thermoreceptors.
B. chemoreceptors.
C. nociceptors.
D. mechanoreceptors.
E. proprioceptors.
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Chapter - Chapter 16 #19
Learning Outcome: 16.01.c Outline three ways of classifying receptors.
Section: 16.01
Topic: Nervous System

20.

Changes in blood pressure are detected by ___ in arteries.
A. mechanoreceptors
B. chemoreceptors

C. proprioceptors
D. nociceptors
E. thermoreceptors
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Chapter - Chapter 16 #20
Learning Outcome: 16.01.c Outline three ways of classifying receptors.
Section: 16.01
Topic: Nervous System

21.

You can smell the fragrance of your deodorant when you just put it on, but after a little while the smell
fades. What explains this phenomenon?
A. the sensory projection of the sense of smell
B. the projection pathway of the sense of smell
C. the tonic nature of the sense of smell
D. the phasic nature of the sense of smell
E. the fast adaptation of the primary olfactory cortex to the smell of your deodorant
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Chapter - Chapter 16 #21
Learning Outcome: 16.01.b List the four kinds of information obtained from sensory receptors, and describe how the nervous system encodes each type.
Section: 16.01
Topic: Nervous System


22.

This organ does not have nociceptors.
A. brain
B. heart

C. kidney
D. liver
E. stomach
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #22
Learning Outcome: 16.02.c Explain the mechanisms of pain and the spinal blocking of pain signals.
Section: 16.02
Topic: Nervous System

23.

Pain, heat, and cold are detected by
A. tactile (Meissner) discs.
B. tactile corpuscles.
C. lamellar (pacinian) corpuscles.
D. free nerve endings.
E. end (Krause) bulbs.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #23
Learning Outcome: 16.02.a List several types of somatosensory receptors.
Section: 16.02
Topic: Nervous System

24.

These are all analgesics (pain relievers) naturally occurring in the central nervous system except
A. endogenous opioids.
B. dynorphins.
C. enkephalins.
D. endorphins.

E. bradykinins.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #24
Learning Outcome: 16.02.c Explain the mechanisms of pain and the spinal blocking of pain signals.
Section: 16.02
Topic: Nervous System

25.

Most second-order somesthetic neurons synapse with third-order neurons in the
A. midbrain.
B. thalamus.
C. spinothalamic tract.
D. hypothalamus.
E. postcentral gyrus.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #25
Learning Outcome: 16.02.b Describe the projection pathways for the general senses.
Section: 16.02
Topic: Nervous System

26.

These structures are all involved with spinal gating of pain signals except
A. nociceptors.
B. the spinothalamic tract.
C. lower motor neurons.
D. second-order neurons.
E. the reticulospinal tract.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Chapter - Chapter 16 #26
Learning Outcome: 16.02.c Explain the mechanisms of pain and the spinal blocking of pain signals.
Section: 16.02
Topic: Nervous System


Chapter - Chapter 16

27.

This figure shows the structure of a taste bud. Which cell produces a receptor potential?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Chapter - Chapter 16 #27
Figure: 16.06d
Learning Outcome: 16.03.b Describe the receptors and projection pathways for these two senses.
Section: 16.03
Topic: Nervous System

28.

What structure is visible to the naked eye?
A. lingual papilla
B. taste (gustatory) cell
C. taste hair
D. taste bud

E. taste pore
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #28
Learning Outcome: 16.03.b Describe the receptors and projection pathways for these two senses.
Section: 16.03
Topic: Nervous System

29.

What taste sensation is produced by amino acids such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid?
A. salty
B. umami
C. bitter
D. sweet
E. sour
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #29
Learning Outcome: 16.03.a Explain how taste and smell receptors are stimulated.
Section: 16.03
Topic: Nervous System

30.

Pheromones stimulate
A. hair cells.
B. supporting cells.
C. taste cells.
D. olfactory cells.
E. olfactory glands.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Chapter - Chapter 16 #30
Learning Outcome: 16.03.a Explain how taste and smell receptors are stimulated.
Section: 16.03
Topic: Nervous System


31.

The primary olfactory cortex is located in the
A. parietal lobe.
B. insula.
C. occipital lobe.
D. frontal lobe.
E. temporal lobe.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #31
Learning Outcome: 16.03.b Describe the receptors and projection pathways for these two senses.
Section: 16.03
Topic: Nervous System

32.

___ is the only sense in which signals can reach the cerebral cortex without passing first through the
thalamus.
A. Touch
B. Smell
C. Taste
D. Vision
E. Equilibrium
Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Chapter - Chapter 16 #32
Learning Outcome: 16.03.b Describe the receptors and projection pathways for these two senses.
Section: 16.03
Topic: Nervous System

33.

Infrasonic frequencies below ___ Hz are not detected by the human ear, whereas ultrasonic
frequencies above ___ Hz are inaudible vibrations.
A. 5; 20
B. 10; 10,000
C. 20; 20,000
D. 5; 200,000
E. 100; 100,000
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #33
Learning Outcome: 16.04.a Identify the properties of sound waves that account for pitch and loudness.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Nervous System

Chapter - Chapter 16


34.

This figure shows the internal anatomy of the ear. Which structure belongs to the inner ear?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

E. 5
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Chapter - Chapter 16 #34
Figure: 16.11
Learning Outcome: 16.04.b Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the ear.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Nervous System

35.

This figure shows the internal anatomy of the ear. What does "7" represent?
A. the cochlea
B. the vestibule
C. the semicircular duct
D. the stapes
E. the tympanic cavity
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #35
Figure: 16.11
Learning Outcome: 16.04.b Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the ear.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Nervous System

36.

This figure shows the internal anatomy of the ear. What does "3" represent?
A. the incus
B. the malleus
C. the stapes
D. the oval window

E. the round window
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #36
Figure: 16.11
Learning Outcome: 16.04.b Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the ear.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Nervous System

Chapter - Chapter 16

37.

This figure shows the spiral organ (organ of Corti). Which structure acts as a transducer?
A. 1
B. 6
C. 4
D. 5
E. 7
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Chapter - Chapter 16 #37
Figure: 16.13a
Learning Outcome: 16.04.c Explain how the ear converts vibrations to nerve signals and discriminates between sounds of different intensity and pitch.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Nervous System


38.

The structure shown in this figure is located within which of the following structures?
A. Scala vestibuli

B. Scala tympani
C. Cochlear duct
D. Anterior semicircular duct
E. Vestibule
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Chapter - Chapter 16 #38
Figure: 16.13a
Learning Outcome: 16.04.b Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the ear.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Nervous System

39.

Which structure allows upper respiratory infections to spread from the throat to the tympanic cavity?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

the oval window
the cochlear duct
the auditory canal
the auditory (eustachian) tube
the tympanic cavity
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Chapter - Chapter 16 #39
Learning Outcome: 16.04.b Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the ear.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Nervous System

40.

Stimuli produced by sound waves reach the brain following the pathway:
A. cochlear duct → spiral organ → ossicles → oval window → auditory canal → tympanic membrane →
fibers of cochlear nerve
B. auditory canal → tympanic membrane → oval window → cochlear duct → ossicles → spiral organ →
fibers of cochlear nerve
C. cochlear duct → oval window → auditory canal → tympanic membrane → ossicles → spiral organ →
fibers of cochlear nerve
D. tympanic membrane → auditory canal → ossicles → oval window → cochlear duct → spiral organ →
fibers of cochlear nerve
E. auditory canal → tympanic membrane → ossicles → oval window → cochlear duct → spiral organ →
fibers of cochlear nerve
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Chapter - Chapter 16 #40
Learning Outcome: 16.04.e Describe the pathways taken by auditory and vestibular signals to the brain.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Nervous System

41.

Which of these is most vulnerable to irreversible damage caused by a very loud noise?
A. the ossicles
B. cochlear hair cells
C. the tympanic membrane
D. fibers of the cochlear nerve
E. the tectorial membrane
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Chapter - Chapter 16 #41

Learning Outcome: 16.01.b List the four kinds of information obtained from sensory receptors, and describe how the nervous system encodes each type.
Learning Outcome: 16.04.a Identify the properties of sound waves that account for pitch and loudness.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Nervous System


42.

Each upward movement of the _____ causes the stereocilia of the inner hair cells to bend, opening
___ gates.
A. basilar membrane; K+
B. tectorial membrane; K+
C. vestibular membrane; K+
D. basilar membrane; Na+
E. tectorial membrane; Na+
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Chapter - Chapter 16 #42
Learning Outcome: 16.04.c Explain how the ear converts vibrations to nerve signals and discriminates between sounds of different intensity and pitch.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Nervous System

43.

A 100 dB sound (loud) of 150 Hz (low pitch) would cause the
A. tectorial membrane to vibrate slightly near its distal end.
B. tectorial membrane to vibrate vigorously near its proximal end.
C. basilar membrane to vibrate slightly near its proximal end.
D. basilar membrane to vibrate vigorously near its distal end.
E. basilar membrane to vibrate slightly near its distal end.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Chapter - Chapter 16 #43
Learning Outcome: 16.04.c Explain how the ear converts vibrations to nerve signals and discriminates between sounds of different intensity and pitch.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Nervous System

44.

When you spin while sitting in a swivel chair with your eyes closed, you can sense this movement by
means of your
A. cochlea.
B. saccule.
C. semicircular ducts.
D. utricle.
E. spiral organ (organ of Corti).
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Chapter - Chapter 16 #44
Learning Outcome: 16.04.d Explain how the vestibular apparatus enables the brain to interpret the bodys position and movements.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Nervous System

45.

When you travel in an elevator, the ___ senses when the elevator is moving.
A. inner hair cells of the basilar membrane
B. outer hair cells of the basilar membrane
C. hair cells of the tectorial membrane
D. hair cells of the otolithic membrane of the macula utriculi
E. hair cells of the otolithic membrane of the macula sacculi
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Chapter - Chapter 16 #45

Learning Outcome: 16.04.d Explain how the vestibular apparatus enables the brain to interpret the bodys position and movements.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Nervous System

46.

The crista ampullaris is associated with
A. static equilibrium related to standing still.
B. static acceleration related to linear acceleration.
C. dynamic equilibrium related to angular acceleration.
D. hearing related to high-pitch sounds.
E. vision related to color.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Chapter - Chapter 16 #46
Learning Outcome: 16.04.d Explain how the vestibular apparatus enables the brain to interpret the bodys position and movements.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Nervous System


47.

The ___ do(does) not contribute to the sense of equilibrium.
A. retina
B. semicircular canals
C. saccule
D. utricle
E. vallate papillae
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Chapter - Chapter 16 #47
Learning Outcome: 16.04.d Explain how the vestibular apparatus enables the brain to interpret the bodys position and movements.

Section: 16.04
Topic: Nervous System

Chapter - Chapter 16

48.

This figure shows a schematic of the layers of the retinal cells. What does "5" represent?
A. a bipolar cell
B. a pigment cell
C. a rod
D. a cone
E. a ganglion cell
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #48
Figure: 16.34b
Learning Outcome: 16.05.b Discuss the structure of the retina and its receptor cells.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Nervous System


49.

Human vision is limited to wavelengths ranging from ___ nm.
A. 4 to 70
B. 40 to 700
C. 400 to 700
D. 400 to 7,000
E. 4,000 to 7,000
Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Chapter - Chapter 16 #49
Learning Outcome: 16.05.a Describe the anatomy of the eye and its accessory structures.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Nervous System

50.

These are all accessory structures of the eye except
A. the conjunctiva.
B. the palpebrae.
C. the lacrimal apparatus.
D. the superior oblique.
E. the cornea.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #50
Learning Outcome: 16.05.a Describe the anatomy of the eye and its accessory structures.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Nervous System

51.

The ___ is not an optic component of the eye.
A. aqueous humor
B. vitreous body
C. lens
D. retina
E. cornea
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Chapter - Chapter 16 #51
Learning Outcome: 16.05.c Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina.

Section: 16.05
Topic: Nervous System

52.

Glaucoma is a state of elevated pressure within the eye that occurs when the ___ is obstructed so the
___ is not reabsorbed as fast as it is secreted.
A. scleral venous sinus; aqueous humor
B. posterior chamber; aqueous humor
C. anterior chamber; vitreous humor
D. scleral venous sinus; vitreous humor
E. pupil; aqueous humor
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Chapter - Chapter 16 #52
Learning Outcome: 16.05.a Describe the anatomy of the eye and its accessory structures.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Nervous System

53.

Nerve fibers from all regions of the retina converge on the ___ and exit the eye by way of the optic
nerve.
A. macula lutea
B. optic disc
C. fovea centralis
D. ora serrata
E. lens
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Chapter - Chapter 16 #53
Learning Outcome: 16.05.a Describe the anatomy of the eye and its accessory structures.

Section: 16.05
Topic: Nervous System


54.

When you view objects close to the eye, the eye makes an adjustment called
A. emmetropia.
B. accommodation.
C. refraction.
D. myopia.
E. diplopia.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Chapter - Chapter 16 #54
Learning Outcome: 16.05.c Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Nervous System

55.

A(An) ___ eye does not need a corrective lens to focus the image.
A. hyperopic
B. myopic
C. presbyopic
D. emmetropic
E. astigmatic
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #55
Learning Outcome: 16.05.c Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina.
Section: 16.05

Topic: Nervous System

56.

___ are responsible for photopic (day) vision as well as trichromatic (color) vision.
A. Bipolar cells
B. Rods
C. Cones
D. Ganglion cells
E. Pigment cells
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Chapter - Chapter 16 #56
Learning Outcome: 16.05.b Discuss the structure of the retina and its receptor cells.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Nervous System

Chapter - Chapter 16


57.

This figure shows the metabolism of a visual pigment. Which step(s) represent(s) bleaching?
A. 1, 2, 3, and 4
B. only 1
C. only 3
D. only 5
E. 5 and 6
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Chapter - Chapter 16 #57
Figure: 16.37

Learning Outcome: 16.05.d Discuss how the retina converts this image to nerve signals.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Nervous System

58.

The fact that cones exhibit less neuronal convergence than rods do is part of the reason that
A. rod cells cannot distinguish different colors from each other.
B. rod cells do not function in bright light.
C. no images are perceived within the optic disc.
D. cone cells do not see in black and white.
E. photopic (day) vision has higher resolution than scotopic (night) vision.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Chapter - Chapter 16 #58
Learning Outcome: 16.05.e Explain why different types of receptor cells and neural circuits are required for day and night vision.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Nervous System

59.

___ are the only retinal cells that produce action potentials.
A. Rods
B. Cones
C. Ganglion cells
D. Bipolar cells
E. Horizontal cells
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Chapter - Chapter 16 #59
Learning Outcome: 16.05.b Discuss the structure of the retina and its receptor cells.
Section: 16.05

Topic: Nervous System

60.

The duplicity theory of vision holds that
A. a single type of receptor system cannot produce both high sensitivity and high resolution.
B. cones and rods are responsible for both photopic (day) vision as well as trichromatic (color) vision.
C. cones are responsible for both photopic (day) vision as well as trichromatic (color) vision.
D. light adaptation and dark adaptation are adjustments in vision to changing light intensities.
E. there are short-wavelength cones and long-wavelength cones.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #60
Learning Outcome: 16.05.e Explain why different types of receptor cells and neural circuits are required for day and night vision.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Nervous System

61.

The first-order neurons in the visual pathway are
A. the optic nerve fibers.
B. the rods and cones.
C. the ganglion cells.
D. the bipolar cells of the retina.
E. the photoreceptors of the eye.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Chapter - Chapter 16 #61
Learning Outcome: 16.05.g Trace the visual projection pathways in the brain.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Nervous System

62.

Half of the fibers of each optic nerve decussate at the ___.
A. superior colliculus
B. optic chiasm
C. lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
D. optic foramen
E. midbrain
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Chapter - Chapter 16 #62
Learning Outcome: 16.05.g Trace the visual projection pathways in the brain.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Nervous System

63.

Adjustment to close-range vision involves all of the following except
A. activity of the extrinsic eye muscles.
B. change in the curvature of the lens.
C. constriction of the pupil.
D. ciliary muscle activity.
E. light adaptation.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Chapter - Chapter 16 #63
Learning Outcome: 16.05.c Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Nervous System

16 Summary
Category
# of Questions
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
29
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
10
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
20
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
4
Chapter - Chapter 16
68
Figure: 16.06d
1
Figure: 16.11
3
Figure: 16.13a
2
Figure: 16.34b
1
Figure: 16.37
1
Learning Outcome: 16.01.a Define receptor and sense organ.
5
Learning Outcome: 16.01.b List the four kinds of information obtained from sensory receptors, and describe how the nervous syste
2
m encodes each type.
Learning Outcome: 16.01.c Outline three ways of classifying receptors.
2

Learning Outcome: 16.02.a List several types of somatosensory receptors.
1
Learning Outcome: 16.02.b Describe the projection pathways for the general senses.
2
Learning Outcome: 16.02.c Explain the mechanisms of pain and the spinal blocking of pain signals.
5
Learning Outcome: 16.03.a Explain how taste and smell receptors are stimulated.
4
Learning Outcome: 16.03.b Describe the receptors and projection pathways for these two senses.
4
Learning Outcome: 16.04.a Identify the properties of sound waves that account for pitch and loudness.
2
Learning Outcome: 16.04.b Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the ear.
9
Learning Outcome: 16.04.c Explain how the ear converts vibrations to nerve signals and discriminates between sounds of different
3
intensity and pitch.
Learning Outcome: 16.04.d Explain how the vestibular apparatus enables the brain to interpret the bodys position and movements.
4
Learning Outcome: 16.04.e Describe the pathways taken by auditory and vestibular signals to the brain.
1
Learning Outcome: 16.05.a Describe the anatomy of the eye and its accessory structures.
6
Learning Outcome: 16.05.b Discuss the structure of the retina and its receptor cells.
3
Learning Outcome: 16.05.c Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina.
4
Learning Outcome: 16.05.d Discuss how the retina converts this image to nerve signals.
2
Learning Outcome: 16.05.e Explain why different types of receptor cells and neural circuits are required for day and night vision.

3
Learning Outcome: 16.05.g Trace the visual projection pathways in the brain.
2
Section: 16.01
8
Section: 16.02
8
Section: 16.03
8
Section: 16.04
19
Section: 16.05
20
Topic: Nervous System
63