Test bank saladin anatomy and physiology unity of form and function 6th ch18

18
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1.

Hemostasis is the production of formed elements of blood.
True False

2.

Blood viscosity stems mainly from electrolytes and monomers dissolved in plasma.
True False

3.

Lymphoid hemopoiesis occurs mainly in the bone marrow.
True False

4.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide bind to different parts of hemoglobin.
True False

5.

The liver stores excess iron in ferritin.
True False

6.

The most important components of the cytoplasm of RBCs are hemoglobin and carbonic anhydrase.

True False

7.

A person develops anti-A antibodies only after he is exposed to antigen A, and anti-B antibodies only
after he is exposed to antigen B.
True False

8.

Incompatibility of one person's blood with another results from the action of plasma antibodies against
the RBCs' antigens.
True False

9.

Rh incompatibility between a sensitized Rh+ woman and an Rh- fetus can cause hemolytic disease of the
newborn.
True False

10. Circulating WBCs spend most of their lives in the bloodstream.
True False
11. Lymphocytes secrete antibodies, coordinate action of other immune cells, and serve in immune
memory.
True False
12. Monocytes differentiate into large phagocytic cells.
True False
13. Coagulation starts with a vascular spasm and ends with the formation of a platelet plug.
True False
14. Clotting deficiency can result from thrombocytopenia or hemophilia.

True False
15. After a wound is sealed, tissue repair is followed by fibrinolysis.
True False


16. Blood does not
A. transport a variety of nutrients.
B. help to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids.
C. participate in the initiation of blood clotting.
D. produce plasma hormones.
E. help to regulate body temperature.
17. The buffy coat does not contain
A. lymphocytes.
B. granulocytes.
C. erythrocytes.
D. agranulocytes.
E. platelets.
18. The hematocrit is ____________ of the total blood volume.
A. less than 1%
B. 47% to 63%
C. 25% to 37%
D. 42% to 45%
E. 37% to 52%
19. _____________ is not found in plasma.
A. Glycogen
B. Fibrinogen
C. Glucose
D. Urea
E. Albumin
20. ___________ is a protein not commonly found in plasma.

A. Albumin
B. Hemoglobin
C. Transferrin
D. Prothrombin
E. Fibrinogen
21. _____________ is the most abundant protein in plasma.
A. Insulin
B. Creatine
C. Bilirubin
D. Albumin
E. Creatinine
22. _____________ would not decrease colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in blood.
A. Severe liver failure
B. A diet predominantly based on red meat
C. Starvation
D. An extremely low-protein diet
E. Hypoproteinemia
23. Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of __________.
A. fibrinogen
B. nitrogenous wastes
C. platelets
D. glucose
E. albumin


24. Tissues can become edematous (swollen) when
A. colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is high.
B. there is hyperproteinemia.
C. the concentration of sodium and proteins in blood is high.
D. hematocrit is high.

E. there is a dietary protein deficiency.
25. Myeloid hemopoiesis in adults happens in the
A. thymus.
B. spleen.
C. red bone marrow.
D. yellow bone marrow.
E. liver.
26. The viscosity of blood is due more to _____________ than to any other factor.
A. fibrin
B. albumin
C. sodium
D. erythrocytes
E. nitrogenous wastes
27. Erythrocytes transport oxygen and
A. defend the body against pathogens.
B. initiate blood clotting.
C. regulate erythropoiesis.
D. transport nutrients.
E. transport some carbon dioxide.
28. Most oxygen is transported bound to
A. the plasma membrane of erythrocytes.
B. alpha chains in hemoglobin.
C. beta chains in hemoglobin.
D. delta chains in hemoglobin.
E. heme groups in hemoglobin.
29. If all the molecules of hemoglobin contained in RBCs were free in the plasma,
A. it would considerably increase blood oxygen carrying capacity.
B. it would facilitate delivery of oxygen into tissues supplied by small capillaries.
C. it would facilitate oxygen diffusion into cells distant from blood capillaries.
D. it would significantly increase blood osmolarity.

E. it would drastically increase osmotic colloid pressure.
30. An increased erythropoietin (EPO) output by the kidneys would lead to all of the following except
A. increased hypoxemia.
B. increased blood osmolarity.
C. increased RBC production.
D. increased blood viscosity.
E. increased hematocrit.
31. Many RBCs die in the
A. stomach and small intestine.
B. red bone marrow.
C. spleen and liver.
D. lymph nodes and thymus.
E. stomach and liver.


32. All these can lead to polycythemia except
A. cancer of the erythropoietic line of the red bone marrow.
B. iron deficiency.
C. dehydration.
D. emphysema.
E. excessive aerobic exercise.
33. ______________ is more likely to cause anemia than any of the other factors below.
A. High altitude
B. Air pollution other than by carbon monoxide
C. Renal disease
D. Smoking
E. Any factor that creates a state of hypoxemia
34. Anemia has these potential consequences except
A. blood viscosity is increased.
B. the individual is lethargic.

C. blood osmolarity is reduced.
D. blood resistance to flow is reduced.
E. more fluid transfers from the bloodstream to the intercellular spaces.
35. What is the final product of the breakdown of the organic nonprotein moiety of hemoglobin?
A. biliverdin
B. bilirubin
C. globin
D. heme
E. iron
36. Correction of hypoxemia is regulated by
A. a self-amplifying mechanism.
B. an enzymatic amplification.
C. a positive feedback loop.
D. a negative feedback loop.
E. a cascade effect.
37. A deficiency of _____________ can cause pernicious anemia.
A. vitamin C
B. iron
C. vitamin B12
D. EPO secretion
E. folic acid
38. Sickle-cell disease is not
A. caused by a recessive allele that modifies the structure of hemoglobin.
B. a hereditary hemoglobin defect.
C. advantageous to protect carriers against malaria.
D. a cause of malaria.
E. a cause of anemia.
39. The ABO blood group is determined by _____________ in the plasma membrane of RBCs.
A. glycolipids
B. glycoproteins

C. antibodies
D. antigen-antibody complexes
E. agglutinins


40. Type A blood can safely donate RBCs to _____________ and can receive RBCs of type ___________.
A. O; AB
B. AB; O
C. A; B
D. B; A
E. O; O
41. Type AB blood has ____________ RBC antigen(s).
A. no
B. anti-A and anti-B
C. anti-A
D. anti-B
E. A and B
42. RhoGAM is an antibody given to Rh- women who give birth to Rh+ children. RhoGAM is what type of
plasma protein?
A. gamma (γ) globulin
B. beta (β) globulin
C. alpha (α) globulin
D. fibrinogen
E. albumin
43. The universal donor of RBCs, but not necessarily plasma, is
A. AB, Rh-negative.
B. AB, Rh-positive.
C. O, Rh-negative.
D. O, Rh-positive.
E. ABO, Rh-negative.

44. An individual has type B, Rh-positive blood. The individual has _____ antigen(s) and can produce anti_____ antibody(ies).
A. A and D; B
B. B and D; A
C. B; A and D
D. A; B and D
E. D; A and B
45. The main reason why an individual AB, Rh-negative cannot donate blood to an individual A, Rh-positive
is because
A. anti-A antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient.
B. anti-A antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor.
C. anti-B antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient.
D. anti-D antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBC of the recipient.
E. anti-B antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor.
46. A woman's first pregnancy is normal but her second pregnancy results in hemolytic disease of the
newborn (HDN), or erythroblastosis fetalis. The second child needed a transfusion to completely replace
the agglutinating blood. The mother is most likely type _____ and both children are most likely _____.
A. A, Rh-negative; B, Rh-positive
B. A, Rh-positive; B, Rh-negative
C. O, Rh-negative; AB, Rh-negative
D. AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-negative
E. AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-positive


47. These are the least abundant formed elements.
A. platelets
B. basophils
C. erythrocytes
D. neutrophils
E. eosinophils
48. These are the most abundant agranulocytes.

A. macrophages
B. eosinophils
C. monocytes
D. lymphocytes
E. neutrophils
49. The differential count of ______________ typically increases in response to bacterial infections.
A. basophils
B. monocytes
C. erythrocytes
D. eosinophils
E. neutrophils
50. ___________ aid in the body's defense processes by secreting histamine (vasodilator) and heparin
(anticoagulant).
A. Eosinophils
B. Basophils
C. Neutrophils
D. Platelets
E. Monocytes
51. Leukopoiesis begins with the differentiation of
A. pluripotent stem cells (PPSCs).
B. precursor cells.
C. colony-forming units (CFUs).
D. myeloblasts.
E. lymphoblasts.
52. Some lymphocytes can survive for
A. days.
B. weeks.
C. months.
D. years.
E. decades.

53. A total count above ____________ WBCs/μL is called leukocytosis.
A. 100,000
B. 50,000
C. 10,000
D. 5,000
E. 1,000
54. All these can cause leukopenia except
A. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
B. lead poisoning.
C. radiation therapy.
D. dehydration.
E. immunosuppressant drugs.


55. This figure shows the formed elements of blood. What does "7" represent?
A. a monocyte
B. a lymphocyte
C. a neutrophil
D. an eosinophil
E. a basophil
56. Platelets do not secrete
A. procoagulants (clotting factors).
B. thrombopoietin.
C. growth factors.
D. vasoconstrictors.
E. chemicals that attract neutrophils.
57. The cessation of bleeding is specifically called
A. vascular spasm.
B. homeostasis.
C. hemostasis.

D. platelet plug formation.
E. blood clotting (coagulation).
58. Thromboplastin
A. initiates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation.
B. initiates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.
C. converts prothrombin into thrombin.
D. acts as a potent vasoconstrictor to reduce blood loss.
E. dissolves the clot after the tissue has healed.
59. When a clot is no longer needed, fibrin is dissolved by
A. prothrombin.
B. thromboplastin.
C. kallikrein.
D. plasmin.
E. platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).
60. All of these prevent the spontaneous formation of a clot except
A. the presence of tissue thromboplastin.
B. the smooth prostacyclin-coated endothelium of blood vessels.
C. the dilution of thrombin when blood flows at a normal rate.
D. the presence of antithrombin in plasma.
E. the presence of heparin in plasma.


61. Platelets release ____________, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm.
A. heparin
B. thrombin
C. thromboplastin
D. prostacyclin
E. serotonin
62. The structural framework of the blood clot is formed by
A. soluble fibrinogen.

B. soluble fibrin.
C. a fibrin polymer.
D. a fibrinogen polymer.
E. a thrombin polymer.
63. Most strokes and heart attacks are caused by the abnormal clotting of blood in an unbroken vessel.
Moreover, a piece of the ____________ (clot) may break loose and begin to travel in the bloodstream as
a(n) ______________.
A. thrombus; embolus
B. embolism; thrombus
C. plaque; thrombus
D. thrombosis; plaque
E. plaque; embolus
64. __________________ participates in the extrinsic mechanism only.
A. Calcium
B. Prothrombin activator
C. Prothrombin
D. Thromboplastin
E. Thrombin
65. Most clotting factors are synthesized in the
A. spleen.
B. red bone marrow.
C. perivascular tissue.
D. kidneys.
E. liver.


18 Key
1.

Hemostasis is the production of formed elements of blood.

FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.01.e Describe in general terms how blood is produced.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #1
Section: 18.01
Topic: Cardiovascular System

2.

Blood viscosity stems mainly from electrolytes and monomers dissolved in plasma.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 18.01.d Explain the significance of blood viscosity and osmolarity.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #2
Section: 18.01
Topic: Cardiovascular System

3.

Lymphoid hemopoiesis occurs mainly in the bone marrow.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.01.e Describe in general terms how blood is produced.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #3
Section: 18.01
Topic: Cardiovascular System

4.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide bind to different parts of hemoglobin.

TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.02.b Describe the structure and function of hemoglobin.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #4
Section: 18.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

5.

The liver stores excess iron in ferritin.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.02.d Describe the life cycle of erythrocytes.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #5
Section: 18.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

6.

The most important components of the cytoplasm of RBCs are hemoglobin and carbonic
anhydrase.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.02.a Discuss the structure and function of erythrocytes (RBCs).
Saladin - Chapter 18 #6
Section: 18.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

7.

A person develops anti-A antibodies only after he is exposed to antigen A, and anti-B antibodies only
after he is exposed to antigen B.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 18.03.a Explain what determines a persons ABO and Rh blood types and how this relates to transfusion compatibility.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #7
Section: 18.03
Topic: Cardiovascular System

8.

Incompatibility of one person's blood with another results from the action of plasma antibodies against
the RBCs' antigens.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.03.a Explain what determines a persons ABO and Rh blood types and how this relates to transfusion compatibility.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #8
Section: 18.03
Topic: Cardiovascular System


9.

Rh incompatibility between a sensitized Rh+ woman and an Rh- fetus can cause hemolytic disease of
the newborn.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 18.03.b Describe the effect of an incompatibility between mother and fetus in Rh blood type.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #9
Section: 18.03

Topic: Cardiovascular System

10.

Circulating WBCs spend most of their lives in the bloodstream.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.04.c Describe the formation and life history of leukocytes.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #10
Section: 18.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

11.

Lymphocytes secrete antibodies, coordinate action of other immune cells, and serve in immune
memory.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.04.a Explain the function of leukocytes in general and the individual role of each leukocyte type.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #11
Section: 18.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

12.

Monocytes differentiate into large phagocytic cells.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.04.a Explain the function of leukocytes in general and the individual role of each leukocyte type.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #12

Section: 18.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

13.

Coagulation starts with a vascular spasm and ends with the formation of a platelet plug.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 18.05.a Describe the bodys mechanisms for controlling bleeding.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #13
Section: 18.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

14.

Clotting deficiency can result from thrombocytopenia or hemophilia.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 18.05.f Describe some disorders of blood clotting.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #14
Section: 18.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

15.

After a wound is sealed, tissue repair is followed by fibrinolysis.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.05.d Explain what happens to blood clots when they are no longer needed.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #15

Section: 18.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

16.

Blood does not
A. transport a variety of nutrients.
B. help to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids.
C. participate in the initiation of blood clotting.
D. produce plasma hormones.
E. help to regulate body temperature.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.01.a Describe the functions and major components of the circulatory system.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #16
Section: 18.01
Topic: Cardiovascular System


17.

The buffy coat does not contain
A. lymphocytes.
B. granulocytes.
C. erythrocytes.
D. agranulocytes.
E. platelets.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.01.a Describe the functions and major components of the circulatory system.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #17
Section: 18.01

Topic: Cardiovascular System

18.

The hematocrit is ____________ of the total blood volume.
A. less than 1%
B. 47% to 63%
C. 25% to 37%
D. 42% to 45%
E. 37% to 52%
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.01.a Describe the functions and major components of the circulatory system.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #18
Section: 18.01
Topic: Cardiovascular System

19.

_____________ is not found in plasma.
A. Glycogen
B. Fibrinogen
C. Glucose
D. Urea
E. Albumin
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.01.c Describe the composition of blood plasma.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #19
Section: 18.01
Topic: Cardiovascular System

20.

___________ is a protein not commonly found in plasma.
A. Albumin
B. Hemoglobin
C. Transferrin
D. Prothrombin
E. Fibrinogen
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.01.c Describe the composition of blood plasma.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #20
Section: 18.01
Topic: Cardiovascular System

21.

_____________ is the most abundant protein in plasma.
A. Insulin
B. Creatine
C. Bilirubin
D. Albumin
E. Creatinine
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.01.c Describe the composition of blood plasma.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #21
Section: 18.01
Topic: Cardiovascular System


22.

_____________ would not decrease colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in blood.
A. Severe liver failure
B. A diet predominantly based on red meat
C. Starvation
D. An extremely low-protein diet
E. Hypoproteinemia
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 18.01.d Explain the significance of blood viscosity and osmolarity.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #22
Section: 18.01
Topic: Cardiovascular System

23.

Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of __________.
A. fibrinogen
B. nitrogenous wastes
C. platelets
D. glucose
E. albumin
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.01.c Describe the composition of blood plasma.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #23
Section: 18.01
Topic: Cardiovascular System

24.

Tissues can become edematous (swollen) when

A. colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is high.
B. there is hyperproteinemia.
C. the concentration of sodium and proteins in blood is high.
D. hematocrit is high.
E. there is a dietary protein deficiency.
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 18.01.d Explain the significance of blood viscosity and osmolarity.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #24
Section: 18.01
Topic: Cardiovascular System

25.

Myeloid hemopoiesis in adults happens in the
A. thymus.
B. spleen.
C. red bone marrow.
D. yellow bone marrow.
E. liver.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.01.e Describe in general terms how blood is produced.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #25
Section: 18.01
Topic: Cardiovascular System

26.

The viscosity of blood is due more to _____________ than to any other factor.
A. fibrin
B. albumin

C. sodium
D. erythrocytes
E. nitrogenous wastes
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 18.01.d Explain the significance of blood viscosity and osmolarity.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #26
Section: 18.01
Topic: Cardiovascular System


27.

Erythrocytes transport oxygen and
A. defend the body against pathogens.
B. initiate blood clotting.
C. regulate erythropoiesis.
D. transport nutrients.
E. transport some carbon dioxide.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.02.a Discuss the structure and function of erythrocytes (RBCs).
Saladin - Chapter 18 #27
Section: 18.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

28.

Most oxygen is transported bound to
A. the plasma membrane of erythrocytes.
B. alpha chains in hemoglobin.
C. beta chains in hemoglobin.

D. delta chains in hemoglobin.
E. heme groups in hemoglobin.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.02.b Describe the structure and function of hemoglobin.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #28
Section: 18.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

29.

If all the molecules of hemoglobin contained in RBCs were free in the plasma,
A. it would considerably increase blood oxygen carrying capacity.
B. it would facilitate delivery of oxygen into tissues supplied by small capillaries.
C. it would facilitate oxygen diffusion into cells distant from blood capillaries.
D. it would significantly increase blood osmolarity.
E. it would drastically increase osmotic colloid pressure.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 18.02.b Describe the structure and function of hemoglobin.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #29
Section: 18.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

30.

An increased erythropoietin (EPO) output by the kidneys would lead to all of the following except
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

increased hypoxemia.
increased blood osmolarity.
increased RBC production.
increased blood viscosity.
increased hematocrit.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 18.02.d Describe the life cycle of erythrocytes.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #30
Section: 18.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

31.

Many RBCs die in the
A. stomach and small intestine.
B. red bone marrow.
C. spleen and liver.
D. lymph nodes and thymus.
E. stomach and liver.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.02.d Describe the life cycle of erythrocytes.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #31
Section: 18.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System


32.

All these can lead to polycythemia except

A. cancer of the erythropoietic line of the red bone marrow.
B. iron deficiency.
C. dehydration.
D. emphysema.
E. excessive aerobic exercise.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 18.02.e Name and describe the types, causes, and effects of RBC excesses and deficiencies.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #32
Section: 18.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

33.

______________ is more likely to cause anemia than any of the other factors below.
A. High altitude
B. Air pollution other than by carbon monoxide
C. Renal disease
D. Smoking
E. Any factor that creates a state of hypoxemia
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 18.02.e Name and describe the types, causes, and effects of RBC excesses and deficiencies.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #33
Section: 18.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

34.

Anemia has these potential consequences except
A. blood viscosity is increased.
B. the individual is lethargic.

C. blood osmolarity is reduced.
D. blood resistance to flow is reduced.
E. more fluid transfers from the bloodstream to the intercellular spaces.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 18.02.e Name and describe the types, causes, and effects of RBC excesses and deficiencies.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #34
Section: 18.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

35.

What is the final product of the breakdown of the organic nonprotein moiety of hemoglobin?
A. biliverdin
B. bilirubin
C. globin
D. heme
E. iron
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 18.02.d Describe the life cycle of erythrocytes.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #35
Section: 18.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

36.

Correction of hypoxemia is regulated by
A. a self-amplifying mechanism.
B. an enzymatic amplification.
C. a positive feedback loop.
D. a negative feedback loop.

E. a cascade effect.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 18.02.d Describe the life cycle of erythrocytes.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #36
Section: 18.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System


37.

A deficiency of _____________ can cause pernicious anemia.
A. vitamin C
B. iron
C. vitamin B12
D. EPO secretion
E. folic acid
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.02.e Name and describe the types, causes, and effects of RBC excesses and deficiencies.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #37
Section: 18.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

38.

Sickle-cell disease is not
A. caused by a recessive allele that modifies the structure of hemoglobin.
B. a hereditary hemoglobin defect.
C. advantageous to protect carriers against malaria.
D. a cause of malaria.
E. a cause of anemia.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 18.02.e Name and describe the types, causes, and effects of RBC excesses and deficiencies.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #38
Section: 18.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

39.

The ABO blood group is determined by _____________ in the plasma membrane of RBCs.
A. glycolipids
B. glycoproteins
C. antibodies
D. antigen-antibody complexes
E. agglutinins
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.03.a Explain what determines a persons ABO and Rh blood types and how this relates to transfusion compatibility.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #39
Section: 18.03
Topic: Cardiovascular System

40.

Type A blood can safely donate RBCs to _____________ and can receive RBCs of type
___________.
A. O; AB
B. AB; O
C. A; B
D. B; A
E. O; O
Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 18.03.a Explain what determines a persons ABO and Rh blood types and how this relates to transfusion compatibility.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #40
Section: 18.03
Topic: Cardiovascular System

41.

Type AB blood has ____________ RBC antigen(s).
A. no
B. anti-A and anti-B
C. anti-A
D. anti-B
E. A and B
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.03.a Explain what determines a persons ABO and Rh blood types and how this relates to transfusion compatibility.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #41
Section: 18.03
Topic: Cardiovascular System


42.

RhoGAM is an antibody given to Rh- women who give birth to Rh+ children. RhoGAM is what type
of plasma protein?
A. gamma (γ) globulin
B. beta (β) globulin
C. alpha (α) globulin
D. fibrinogen
E. albumin
Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 18.03.b Describe the effect of an incompatibility between mother and fetus in Rh blood type.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #42
Section: 18.03
Topic: Cardiovascular System

43.

The universal donor of RBCs, but not necessarily plasma, is
A. AB, Rh-negative.
B. AB, Rh-positive.
C. O, Rh-negative.
D. O, Rh-positive.
E. ABO, Rh-negative.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 18.03.a Explain what determines a persons ABO and Rh blood types and how this relates to transfusion compatibility.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #43
Section: 18.03
Topic: Cardiovascular System

44.

An individual has type B, Rh-positive blood. The individual has _____ antigen(s) and can produce
anti-_____ antibody(ies).
A. A and D; B
B. B and D; A
C. B; A and D
D. A; B and D
E. D; A and B
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.03.a Explain what determines a persons ABO and Rh blood types and how this relates to transfusion compatibility.

Saladin - Chapter 18 #44
Section: 18.03
Topic: Cardiovascular System

45.

The main reason why an individual AB, Rh-negative cannot donate blood to an individual A, Rhpositive is because
A. anti-A antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient.
B. anti-A antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor.
C. anti-B antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient.
D. anti-D antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBC of the recipient.
E. anti-B antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor.
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 18.03.a Explain what determines a persons ABO and Rh blood types and how this relates to transfusion compatibility.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #45
Section: 18.03
Topic: Cardiovascular System

46.

A woman's first pregnancy is normal but her second pregnancy results in hemolytic disease of the
newborn (HDN), or erythroblastosis fetalis. The second child needed a transfusion to completely
replace the agglutinating blood. The mother is most likely type _____ and both children are most
likely _____.
A. A, Rh-negative; B, Rh-positive
B. A, Rh-positive; B, Rh-negative
C. O, Rh-negative; AB, Rh-negative
D. AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-negative
E. AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-positive
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 18.03.b Describe the effect of an incompatibility between mother and fetus in Rh blood type.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #46
Section: 18.03
Topic: Cardiovascular System


47.

These are the least abundant formed elements.
A. platelets
B. basophils
C. erythrocytes
D. neutrophils
E. eosinophils
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.04.b Describe the appearance and relative abundance of each type of leukocyte.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #47
Section: 18.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

48.

These are the most abundant agranulocytes.
A. macrophages
B. eosinophils
C. monocytes
D. lymphocytes
E. neutrophils
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.04.b Describe the appearance and relative abundance of each type of leukocyte.

Saladin - Chapter 18 #48
Section: 18.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

49.

The differential count of ______________ typically increases in response to bacterial infections.
A. basophils
B. monocytes
C. erythrocytes
D. eosinophils
E. neutrophils
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 18.04.b Describe the appearance and relative abundance of each type of leukocyte.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #49
Section: 18.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

50.

___________ aid in the body's defense processes by secreting histamine (vasodilator) and heparin
(anticoagulant).
A. Eosinophils
B. Basophils
C. Neutrophils
D. Platelets
E. Monocytes
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.04.a Explain the function of leukocytes in general and the individual role of each leukocyte type.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #50

Section: 18.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

51.

Leukopoiesis begins with the differentiation of
A. pluripotent stem cells (PPSCs).
B. precursor cells.
C. colony-forming units (CFUs).
D. myeloblasts.
E. lymphoblasts.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 18.04.c Describe the formation and life history of leukocytes.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #51
Section: 18.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System


52.

Some lymphocytes can survive for
A. days.
B. weeks.
C. months.
D. years.
E. decades.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 18.04.c Describe the formation and life history of leukocytes.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #52
Section: 18.04

Topic: Cardiovascular System

53.

A total count above ____________ WBCs/μL is called leukocytosis.
A. 100,000
B. 50,000
C. 10,000
D. 5,000
E. 1,000
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.04.d Discuss the types, causes, and effects of leukocyte excesses and deficiencies.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #53
Section: 18.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

54.

All these can cause leukopenia except
A. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
B. lead poisoning.
C. radiation therapy.
D. dehydration.
E. immunosuppressant drugs.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 18.04.d Discuss the types, causes, and effects of leukocyte excesses and deficiencies.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #54
Section: 18.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

Saladin - Chapter 18

55.

This figure shows the formed elements of blood. What does "7" represent?
A. a monocyte
B. a lymphocyte
C. a neutrophil
D. an eosinophil
E. a basophil
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Figure: 18.01
Learning Outcome: 18.04.b Describe the appearance and relative abundance of each type of leukocyte.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #55
Section: 18.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System


56.

Platelets do not secrete
A. procoagulants (clotting factors).
B. thrombopoietin.
C. growth factors.
D. vasoconstrictors.
E. chemicals that attract neutrophils.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 18.05.b List the functions of platelets.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #56
Section: 18.05

Topic: Cardiovascular System

57.

The cessation of bleeding is specifically called
A. vascular spasm.
B. homeostasis.
C. hemostasis.
D. platelet plug formation.
E. blood clotting (coagulation).
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.05.a Describe the bodys mechanisms for controlling bleeding.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #57
Section: 18.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

58.

Thromboplastin
A. initiates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation.
B. initiates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.
C. converts prothrombin into thrombin.
D. acts as a potent vasoconstrictor to reduce blood loss.
E. dissolves the clot after the tissue has healed.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.05.c Describe two reaction pathways that produce blood clots.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #58
Section: 18.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

59.

When a clot is no longer needed, fibrin is dissolved by
A. prothrombin.
B. thromboplastin.
C. kallikrein.
D. plasmin.
E. platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.05.d Explain what happens to blood clots when they are no longer needed.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #59
Section: 18.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

60.

All of these prevent the spontaneous formation of a clot except
A. the presence of tissue thromboplastin.
B. the smooth prostacyclin-coated endothelium of blood vessels.
C. the dilution of thrombin when blood flows at a normal rate.
D. the presence of antithrombin in plasma.
E. the presence of heparin in plasma.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 18.05.e Explain what keeps blood from clotting in the absence of injury.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #60
Section: 18.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System


61.

Platelets release ____________, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

heparin
thrombin
thromboplastin
prostacyclin
serotonin
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.05.b List the functions of platelets.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #61
Section: 18.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

62.

The structural framework of the blood clot is formed by
A. soluble fibrinogen.
B. soluble fibrin.
C. a fibrin polymer.
D. a fibrinogen polymer.
E. a thrombin polymer.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.05.a Describe the bodys mechanisms for controlling bleeding.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #62

Section: 18.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

63.

Most strokes and heart attacks are caused by the abnormal clotting of blood in an unbroken vessel.
Moreover, a piece of the ____________ (clot) may break loose and begin to travel in the bloodstream
as a(n) ______________.
A. thrombus; embolus
B. embolism; thrombus
C. plaque; thrombus
D. thrombosis; plaque
E. plaque; embolus
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 18.05.f Describe some disorders of blood clotting.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #63
Section: 18.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

64.

__________________ participates in the extrinsic mechanism only.
A. Calcium
B. Prothrombin activator
C. Prothrombin
D. Thromboplastin
E. Thrombin
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 18.05.c Describe two reaction pathways that produce blood clots.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #64

Section: 18.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

65.

Most clotting factors are synthesized in the
A. spleen.
B. red bone marrow.
C. perivascular tissue.
D. kidneys.
E. liver.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 18.05.c Describe two reaction pathways that produce blood clots.
Saladin - Chapter 18 #65
Section: 18.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System


18 Summary
Category
# of Questions
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
37
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
12
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
12
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
4
Figure: 18.01

1
Learning Outcome: 18.01.a Describe the functions and major components of the circulatory system.
3
Learning Outcome: 18.01.c Describe the composition of blood plasma.
4
Learning Outcome: 18.01.d Explain the significance of blood viscosity and osmolarity.
4
Learning Outcome: 18.01.e Describe in general terms how blood is produced.
3
Learning Outcome: 18.02.a Discuss the structure and function of erythrocytes (RBCs).
2
Learning Outcome: 18.02.b Describe the structure and function of hemoglobin.
3
Learning Outcome: 18.02.d Describe the life cycle of erythrocytes.
5
Learning Outcome: 18.02.e Name and describe the types, causes, and effects of RBC excesses and deficiencies.
5
Learning Outcome: 18.03.a Explain what determines a persons ABO and Rh blood types and how this relates to transfusion compa
8
tibility.
Learning Outcome: 18.03.b Describe the effect of an incompatibility between mother and fetus in Rh blood type.
3
Learning Outcome: 18.04.a Explain the function of leukocytes in general and the individual role of each leukocyte type.
3
Learning Outcome: 18.04.b Describe the appearance and relative abundance of each type of leukocyte.
4
Learning Outcome: 18.04.c Describe the formation and life history of leukocytes.
3
Learning Outcome: 18.04.d Discuss the types, causes, and effects of leukocyte excesses and deficiencies.
2

Learning Outcome: 18.05.a Describe the bodys mechanisms for controlling bleeding.
3
Learning Outcome: 18.05.b List the functions of platelets.
2
Learning Outcome: 18.05.c Describe two reaction pathways that produce blood clots.
3
Learning Outcome: 18.05.d Explain what happens to blood clots when they are no longer needed.
2
Learning Outcome: 18.05.e Explain what keeps blood from clotting in the absence of injury.
1
Learning Outcome: 18.05.f Describe some disorders of blood clotting.
2
Saladin - Chapter 18
66
Section: 18.01
14
Section: 18.02
15
Section: 18.03
11
Section: 18.04
12
Section: 18.05
13
Topic: Cardiovascular System
65