Test bank saladin anatomy and physiology unity of form and function 6th ch19

19
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1.

The pulmonary circuit is supplied by both the right and the left sides of the heart.
True False

2.

The systemic circuit contains oxygen-rich blood only.
True False

3.

The fibrous skeleton of the heart serves as electrical insulation between the atria and the ventricles.
True False

4.

Blood in the heart chambers provides most of the myocardium's oxygen and nutrient needs.
True False

5.

Desmosomes form channels that allow each cardiocyte to electrically stimulate its neighbors.
True False

6.

Parasympathetic stimulation reduces heart rate.

True False

7.

Cardiac muscle can only use glucose as a source of organic fuel.
True False

8.

If the SA node is damaged, nodal rhythm is sufficient to sustain life.
True False

9.

Repolarization of a ventricular cardiocyte takes longer than repolarization of a typical neuron.
True False

10. Atrial hypertrophy would probably cause an enlarged P wave on an electrocardiogram.
True False
11. Papillary muscles prevent the AV valves from prolapsing (bulging) excessively into the atria when the
ventricles contract.
True False
12. The ventricles are almost empty at the end of ventricular diastole.
True False
13. Ventricular pressure increases the fastest during ventricular filling.
True False
14. Hypercapnia and acidosis have positive chronotropic effects.
True False
15. Endurance athletes commonly have a resting heart rate as low as 40 bpm, and a stroke volume as low as
50 mL/beat.

True False
16. ____________ carry oxygen-poor blood.
A. Pulmonary veins and vena cavae
B. Aorta and pulmonary veins
C. Aorta and vena cavae
D. Venae cavae and pulmonary arteries
E. Pulmonary veins and pulmonary arteries


17. ______________ belong to the pulmonary circuit.
A. Aorta and venae cavae
B. Aorta and pulmonary veins
C. Pulmonary arteries and venae cavae
D. Venae cavae and pulmonary veins
E. Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins
18. _____________ is the most superficial layer enclosing the heart.
A. Parietal pericardium
B. Visceral pericardium
C. Endocardium
D. Epicardium
E. Myocardium
19. Pericardial fluid is found between
A. the visceral pericardium and the myocardium.
B. the visceral pericardium and the epicardium.
C. the parietal and visceral membranes.
D. myocardium and endocardium.
E. epicardium and myocardium.
20. The ________________ performs the work of the heart.
A. fibrous skeleton
B. pericardial cavity

C. endocardium
D. myocardium
E. epicardium
21. The tricuspid valve regulates the opening between
A. the right atrium and the left atrium.
B. the right atrium and right ventricle.
C. the right atrium and the left ventricle.
D. the left atrium and the left ventricle.
E. the left ventricle and the right ventricle.
22. Oxygen-poor blood passes through
A. the right AV (tricuspid) valve and pulmonary valve.
B. the right AV (tricuspid) valve only.
C. the left AV (bicuspid) valve and aortic valve.
D. the left AV (bicuspid) valve only.
E. the pulmonary and aortic valves.
23. Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by
A. breathing.
B. gravity.
C. valves contracting and relaxing.
D. osmotic gradients.
E. pressure gradients.


24. This figure shows the internal anatomy of the heart. What does "2" represent?
A. the right atrioventricular (AV) (tricuspid) valve
B. the left atrioventricular (AV) (bicuspid) valve
C. the aortic valve
D. the pulmonary valve
E. the interventricular septum

25. This figure shows the internal anatomy of the heart. What blood vessels carry blood to the lungs?
A. only 3 and 5
B. only 6, 7, and 2
C. only 4, 6, and 8
D. only 1 and 6
E. only 3, 5, and 6
26. This figure shows the internal anatomy of the heart. What blood vessel(s) receive(s) blood from the right
ventricle?
A. 8
B. 3 and 5
C. 4 and 8
D. 1
E. 2 and 7


27. This figure shows the internal anatomy of the heart. What does "4" represent?
A. a papillary muscle
B. pectinate muscles
C. tendinous cords
D. the interventricular septum
E. the interatrial septum
28. After entering the right atrium, the furthest a red blood cell can travel is the
A. right ventricle.
B. pulmonary trunk.
C. superior vena cava.
D. ascending aorta.
E. left atrium.

29. This figure shows the principal coronary blood vessels. Which one is the left coronary artery (LCA)?
A. 11

B. 8
C. 5
D. 3
E. 1
30. Obstruction of the ___________ will cause a more severe myocardial infarction (MI) than the obstruction
of any of the others.
A. left marginal vein
B. left coronary artery (LCA)
C. posterior interventricular vein
D. anterior interventricular branch
E. circumflex branch


31. Cardiac muscle shares this feature with skeletal muscle.
A. cardiac muscle fibers have striations
B. all cardiac muscle fibers depend on nervous stimulation
C. cardiac muscle fibers communicate by electrical (gap) junctions
D. cardiac muscle fibers are joined end to end by intercalated discs
E. some cardiac muscle fibers are autorhythmic
32. The ________________ is the pacemaker that initiates each heart beat.
A. sympathetic division of the nervous system
B. autonomic nervous system
C. sinoatrial (SA) node
D. atrioventricular (AV) node
E. cardiac conduction system
33. Which of these is not part of the cardiac conduction system?
A. the sinoatrial (SA) node
B. the tendinous cords (TC)
C. the atrioventricular (AV) node
D. the atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His)

E. the Purkinje fibers
34. These are features of cardiac muscle fibers except
A. they depend almost exclusively on aerobic respiration.
B. they are rich in glycogen.
C. they have huge mitochondria.
D. they are very rich in myoglobin.
E. they have about the same endurance as skeletal muscle fibers.
35. This is the correct path of an electrical excitation from the pacemaker to a cardiocyte in the left ventricle
(LV).
A. sinoatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → atrioventricular (AV) node → Purkinje fibers →
cardiocyte in LV
B. atrioventricular (AV) node → Purkinje fibers → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → sinoatrial (SA) node →
cardiocyte in LV
C. atrioventricular (AV) node → sinoatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → Purkinje fibers →
cardiocyte in LV
D. sinoatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → Purkinje fibers →
cardiocyte in LV
E. sinoatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) node → Purkinje fibers → atrioventricular (AV) bundle →
cardiocyte in LV
36. The pacemaker potential is a result of
A. Na+ inflow.
B. Na+ outflow.
C. K+ inflow.
D. K+ outflow.
E. Ca2+ inflow.
37. The plateau in the action potential of cardiac muscle results from the action of
A. Na+ inflow.
B. K+ inflow.
C. K+ outflow.
D. fast Ca2+ channels.

E. slow Ca2+ channels.


38. This figure shows electrical activity of the SA node. _____________ indicate(s) when calcium enters the
myocytes.
A. 1 and 2
B. 2 and 3
C. 3
D. 2
E. 1

39. This figure shows an action potential in a ventricular cardiocyte. _____________ indicates when sodium
channels are fully open.
A. 1
B. 3
C. 2
D. 5
E. 4
40. Cells of the sinoatrial node ____________ during the pacemaker potential.
A. depolarize fast
B. depolarize slow
C. repolarize slow
D. repolarize fast
E. depolarize slow and repolarize fast
41. Any abnormal cardiac rhythm is called a(n)
A. ectopic focus.
B. sinus rhythm.
C. nodal rhythm.
D. heart block.
E. arrhythmia.

42. If the sinoatrial (SA) is damaged, the heart will likely beat at
A. less than 10 bpm.
B. 10 to 20 bpm.
C. 20 to 40 bpm.
D. 40 to 50 bpm.
E. 70 to 80 bpm.


43. The _______________ provides most of the Ca2+ needed for myocardial contraction.
A. extracellular fluid
B. mitochondria
C. sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. Golgi apparatus
E. cytoskeleton
44. Atrial systole begins
A. immediately before the P wave.
B. immediately after the P wave.
C. during the Q wave.
D. during the S-T segment.
E. immediately after the T wave.
45. Atrial depolarization causes
A. the P wave.
B. the QRS complex.
C. the T wave.
D. the first heart sound.
E. the quiescent period.
46. The long plateau in the action potential observed in cardiocytes is probably related with _____________
staying longer in their cytosol.
A. Na+
B. K+

C. Ca2+
D. ClE. Na+, K+, and Ca2+
47. The long absolute refractory period of cardiocytes
A. ensures a short twitch.
B. prevents tetanus.
C. makes the heart prone to arrhythmias.
D. prevents the occurrence of ectopic focuses.
E. causes the pacemaker potential.

48. This figure shows a normal electrocardiogram. Missing of waves at point ___ might indicate SA node
damage.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
49. This figure shows a normal electrocardiogram. Two or more consecutive waves at point "1" might
suggest
A. sinus rhythm.
B. nodal rhythm.
C. ventricular fibrillation.
D. premature ventricular contraction (PVC).
E. heart block.


50. This figure shows a normal electrocardiogram. The deflection at point(s) _________ is generated by
ventricular repolarization and it is called the __________.
A. 3; R wave
B. 4, 2, and 5; QRS wave
C. 1; P wave

D. 5; P wave
E. 3; T wave
51. When the left ventricle contracts, the _____ valve closes and the _____ valve is pushed open.
A. bicuspid; pulmonary
B. tricuspid; pulmonary
C. tricuspid; aortic
D. mitral; aortic
E. aortic; pulmonary
52. Mitral valve stenosis causes blood to leak back into the ___________ when the ventricles contract.
A. left atrium
B. right atrium
C. aorta
D. pulmonary trunk
E. pulmonary arteries
53. Isovolumetric contraction occurs during the _________ of the electrocardiogram.
A. P wave
B. P-Q segment
C. R wave
D. S-T segment
E. T wave
54. During isovolumetric contraction, the pressure in the ventricles
A. falls rapidly.
B. rises rapidly.
C. remains constant.
D. rises and then falls.
E. falls and then rises.
55. Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) generates a murmur associated with the _____ heart sound that occurs when
the ____.
A. lubb (S1); atria contract
B. dupp (S2); atria relax

C. lubb (S1); ventricles contract
D. dupp (S2); ventricles relax
E. lubb (S1); ventricles relax
56. This is the correct sequence of events of the cardiac cycle.
A. ventricular filling → isovolumetric contraction → isovolumetric relaxation → ventricular ejection
B. ventricular filling → isovolumetric relaxation → isovolumetric contraction → ventricular ejection
C. ventricular filling → ventricular ejection → isovolumetric contraction → isovolumetric relaxation
D. ventricular filling → isovolumetric relaxation → ventricular ejection → isovolumetric contraction
E. ventricular filling → isovolumetric contraction → ventricular ejection → isovolumetric relaxation
57. Most of the ventricle filling occurs
A. during atrial systole.
B. when the AV valve is closed.
C. during ventricular systole.
D. during atrial diastole.
E. during isovolumetric contraction.


58. This figure shows the events of the cardiac cycle. What does "4" represent?
A. aortic valve opening
B. aortic valve closing
C. AV valve opening
D. AV valve closing
E. both aortic and AV valves opening
59. This figure shows the events of the cardiac cycle. At 0.2 sec in the graph ____________.
A. the aortic valve is open
B. the AV valve is open
C. the ventricles have reached end-diastolic volume
D. the ventricles are in the isovolumetric phase
E. the ventricles are in systole
60. Congestive heart failure (CHF) of the right ventricle

A. can cause pulmonary edema.
B. can cause systemic edema.
C. increases the ejection fraction of the right ventricle.
D. reduces the ejection fraction of the left ventricle.
E. increases cardiac output in both ventricles.


61. Assume that the left ventricle of a child's heart has an EDV=90mL, and ESV=60mL, and a cardiac output
of 2,400 mL/min. His SV and HR are
A. SV=30 mL/beat, HR=80 bpm.
B. SV=40 mL/beat, HR=60 bpm.
C. SV=80 mL/beat, HR=30 bpm.
D. SV=150 mL/beat, HR=16 bpm.
E. SV=16 mL/beat, HR=150 bpm.
62. _____________ increase(s) stroke volume.
A. High arterial blood pressure
B. Negative inotropic agents
C. Increased venous return
D. Increased afterload
E. Dehydration
63. The volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute is called
A. the cardiac reserve.
B. the preload.
C. the afterload.
D. the stroke volume.
E. the cardiac output.
64. Cardioinhibitory centers in the _____________ receive input from __________.
A. cortex; proprioceptors in the muscles
B. thalamus; chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata
C. hypothalamus; proprioceptors in the joints

D. medulla oblongata; chemoreceptors in the aortic arch
E. pons; baroreceptors in the internal carotid
65. The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that stroke volume is proportional to
A. the end-systolic volume.
B. the end-diastolic volume.
C. the afterload.
D. the heart rate.
E. contractility.


19 Key
1.

The pulmonary circuit is supplied by both the right and the left sides of the heart.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 19.01.a Define and distinguish between the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #1
Section: 19.01
Topic: Cardiovascular System

2.

The systemic circuit contains oxygen-rich blood only.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 19.01.a Define and distinguish between the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #2
Section: 19.01
Topic: Cardiovascular System

3.

The fibrous skeleton of the heart serves as electrical insulation between the atria and the
ventricles.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.02.a Describe the three layers of the heart wall.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #3
Section: 19.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

4.

Blood in the heart chambers provides most of the myocardium's oxygen and nutrient needs.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.02.f Describe the arteries that nourish the myocardium and the veins that drain it.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #4
Section: 19.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

5.

Desmosomes form channels that allow each cardiocyte to electrically stimulate its neighbors.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.03.b Explain the nature and functional significance of the intercellular junctions between cardiac muscle cells.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #5
Section: 19.03

Topic: Cardiovascular System

6.

Parasympathetic stimulation reduces heart rate.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.03.d Describe the nerve supply to the heart and explain its role.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #6
Section: 19.03
Topic: Cardiovascular System

7.

Cardiac muscle can only use glucose as a source of organic fuel.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.03.a Describe the unique structural and metabolic characteristics of cardiac muscle.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #7
Section: 19.03
Topic: Cardiovascular System

8.

If the SA node is damaged, nodal rhythm is sufficient to sustain life.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.04.a Explain why the SA node fires spontaneously and rhythmically.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #8
Section: 19.04

Topic: Cardiovascular System


9.

Repolarization of a ventricular cardiocyte takes longer than repolarization of a typical neuron.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 19.04.c Describe the unusual action potentials of cardiac muscle and relate them to the contractile behavior of the heart.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #9
Section: 19.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

10.

Atrial hypertrophy would probably cause an enlarged P wave on an electrocardiogram.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 19.04.d Interpret a normal electrocardiogram.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #10
Section: 19.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

11.

Papillary muscles prevent the AV valves from prolapsing (bulging) excessively into the atria when the
ventricles contract.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.05.b Describe how changes in blood pressure operate the heart valves.

Saladin - Chapter 19 #11
Section: 19.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

12.

The ventricles are almost empty at the end of ventricular diastole.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.05.e Relate the events of the cardiac cycle to the volume of blood entering and leaving the heart.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #12
Section: 19.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

13.

Ventricular pressure increases the fastest during ventricular filling.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 19.05.e Relate the events of the cardiac cycle to the volume of blood entering and leaving the heart.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #13
Section: 19.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

14.

Hypercapnia and acidosis have positive chronotropic effects.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 19.06.c Discuss some of the nervous and chemical factors that alter heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output.

Saladin - Chapter 19 #14
Section: 19.06
Topic: Cardiovascular System

15.

Endurance athletes commonly have a resting heart rate as low as 40 bpm, and a stroke volume as low
as 50 mL/beat.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 19.06.e Describe some effects of exercise on cardiac output.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #15
Section: 19.06
Topic: Cardiovascular System

16.

____________ carry oxygen-poor blood.
A. Pulmonary veins and vena cavae
B. Aorta and pulmonary veins
C. Aorta and vena cavae
D. Venae cavae and pulmonary arteries
E. Pulmonary veins and pulmonary arteries
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 19.01.a Define and distinguish between the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #16
Section: 19.01
Topic: Cardiovascular System

17.

______________ belong to the pulmonary circuit.
A. Aorta and venae cavae
B. Aorta and pulmonary veins
C. Pulmonary arteries and venae cavae
D. Venae cavae and pulmonary veins
E. Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.01.a Define and distinguish between the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #17
Section: 19.01
Topic: Cardiovascular System

18.

_____________ is the most superficial layer enclosing the heart.
A. Parietal pericardium
B. Visceral pericardium
C. Endocardium
D. Epicardium
E. Myocardium
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.01.c Describe the pericardial sac that encloses the heart.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #18
Section: 19.01
Topic: Cardiovascular System

19.

Pericardial fluid is found between
A. the visceral pericardium and the myocardium.
B. the visceral pericardium and the epicardium.
C. the parietal and visceral membranes.
D. myocardium and endocardium.
E. epicardium and myocardium.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.01.c Describe the pericardial sac that encloses the heart.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #19
Section: 19.01
Topic: Cardiovascular System

20.

The ________________ performs the work of the heart.
A. fibrous skeleton
B. pericardial cavity
C. endocardium
D. myocardium
E. epicardium
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.02.a Describe the three layers of the heart wall.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #20
Section: 19.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

21.

The tricuspid valve regulates the opening between
A. the right atrium and the left atrium.

B. the right atrium and right ventricle.
C. the right atrium and the left ventricle.
D. the left atrium and the left ventricle.
E. the left ventricle and the right ventricle.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.02.d Identify the four valves of the heart.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #21
Section: 19.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System


22.

Oxygen-poor blood passes through
A. the right AV (tricuspid) valve and pulmonary valve.
B. the right AV (tricuspid) valve only.
C. the left AV (bicuspid) valve and aortic valve.
D. the left AV (bicuspid) valve only.
E. the pulmonary and aortic valves.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 19.02.d Identify the four valves of the heart.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #22
Section: 19.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

23.

Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by
A. breathing.
B. gravity.

C. valves contracting and relaxing.
D. osmotic gradients.
E. pressure gradients.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 19.02.e Trace the flow of blood through the four chambers and valves of the heart and adjacent blood vessels.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #23
Section: 19.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

Saladin - Chapter 19

24.

This figure shows the internal anatomy of the heart. What does "2" represent?
A. the right atrioventricular (AV) (tricuspid) valve
B. the left atrioventricular (AV) (bicuspid) valve
C. the aortic valve
D. the pulmonary valve
E. the interventricular septum
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Figure: 19.07
Learning Outcome: 19.02.d Identify the four valves of the heart.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #24
Section: 19.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System


Saladin - Chapter 19

25.

This figure shows the internal anatomy of the heart. What blood vessels carry blood to the lungs?
A. only 3 and 5
B. only 6, 7, and 2
C. only 4, 6, and 8
D. only 1 and 6
E. only 3, 5, and 6
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Figure: 19.07
Learning Outcome: 19.02.e Trace the flow of blood through the four chambers and valves of the heart and adjacent blood vessels.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #25
Section: 19.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

26.

This figure shows the internal anatomy of the heart. What blood vessel(s) receive(s) blood from the
right ventricle?
A. 8
B. 3 and 5
C. 4 and 8
D. 1
E. 2 and 7
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Figure: 19.07
Learning Outcome: 19.02.e Trace the flow of blood through the four chambers and valves of the heart and adjacent blood vessels.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #26
Section: 19.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

Saladin - Chapter 19


27.

This figure shows the internal anatomy of the heart. What does "4" represent?
A. a papillary muscle
B. pectinate muscles
C. tendinous cords
D. the interventricular septum
E. the interatrial septum
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Figure: 19.07
Learning Outcome: 19.02.d Identify the four valves of the heart.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #27
Section: 19.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

28.

After entering the right atrium, the furthest a red blood cell can travel is the
A. right ventricle.
B. pulmonary trunk.
C. superior vena cava.
D. ascending aorta.
E. left atrium.
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 19.02.e Trace the flow of blood through the four chambers and valves of the heart and adjacent blood vessels.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #28
Section: 19.02

Topic: Cardiovascular System

Saladin - Chapter 19

29.

This figure shows the principal coronary blood vessels. Which one is the left coronary artery (LCA)?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

11
8
5
3
1
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Figure: 19.05
Learning Outcome: 19.02.f Describe the arteries that nourish the myocardium and the veins that drain it.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #29
Section: 19.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System

30.

Obstruction of the ___________ will cause a more severe myocardial infarction (MI) than the
obstruction of any of the others.
A. left marginal vein

B. left coronary artery (LCA)
C. posterior interventricular vein
D. anterior interventricular branch
E. circumflex branch
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 19.02.f Describe the arteries that nourish the myocardium and the veins that drain it.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #30
Section: 19.02
Topic: Cardiovascular System


31.

Cardiac muscle shares this feature with skeletal muscle.
A. cardiac muscle fibers have striations
B. all cardiac muscle fibers depend on nervous stimulation
C. cardiac muscle fibers communicate by electrical (gap) junctions
D. cardiac muscle fibers are joined end to end by intercalated discs
E. some cardiac muscle fibers are autorhythmic
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 19.03.a Describe the unique structural and metabolic characteristics of cardiac muscle.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #31
Section: 19.03
Topic: Cardiovascular System

32.

The ________________ is the pacemaker that initiates each heart beat.
A. sympathetic division of the nervous system
B. autonomic nervous system

C. sinoatrial (SA) node
D. atrioventricular (AV) node
E. cardiac conduction system
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.03.c Describe the hearts pacemaker and internal electrical conduction system.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #32
Section: 19.03
Topic: Cardiovascular System

33.

Which of these is not part of the cardiac conduction system?
A. the sinoatrial (SA) node
B. the tendinous cords (TC)
C. the atrioventricular (AV) node
D. the atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His)
E. the Purkinje fibers
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.03.c Describe the hearts pacemaker and internal electrical conduction system.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #33
Section: 19.03
Topic: Cardiovascular System

34.

These are features of cardiac muscle fibers except
A. they depend almost exclusively on aerobic respiration.
B. they are rich in glycogen.
C. they have huge mitochondria.
D. they are very rich in myoglobin.

E. they have about the same endurance as skeletal muscle fibers.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.03.a Describe the unique structural and metabolic characteristics of cardiac muscle.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #34
Section: 19.03
Topic: Cardiovascular System


35.

This is the correct path of an electrical excitation from the pacemaker to a cardiocyte in the left
ventricle (LV).
A. sinoatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → atrioventricular (AV) node → Purkinje fibers
→ cardiocyte in LV
B. atrioventricular (AV) node → Purkinje fibers → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → sinoatrial (SA) node
→ cardiocyte in LV
C. atrioventricular (AV) node → sinoatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → Purkinje fibers
→ cardiocyte in LV
D. sinoatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → Purkinje fibers
→ cardiocyte in LV
E. sinoatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) node → Purkinje fibers → atrioventricular (AV) bundle
→ cardiocyte in LV
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 19.03.c Describe the hearts pacemaker and internal electrical conduction system.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #35
Section: 19.03
Topic: Cardiovascular System

36.

The pacemaker potential is a result of
A. Na+ inflow.
B. Na+ outflow.
C. K+ inflow.
D. K+ outflow.
E. Ca2+ inflow.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.04.a Explain why the SA node fires spontaneously and rhythmically.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #36
Section: 19.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

37.

The plateau in the action potential of cardiac muscle results from the action of
A. Na+ inflow.
B. K+ inflow.
C. K+ outflow.
D. fast Ca2+ channels.
E. slow Ca2+ channels.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 19.04.c Describe the unusual action potentials of cardiac muscle and relate them to the contractile behavior of the heart.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #37
Section: 19.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

Saladin - Chapter 19


38.

This figure shows electrical activity of the SA node. _____________ indicate(s) when calcium enters
the myocytes.
A. 1 and 2
B. 2 and 3
C. 3
D. 2
E. 1
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Figure: 19.13
Learning Outcome: 19.04.b Explain how the SA node excites the myocardium.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #38
Section: 19.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

Saladin - Chapter 19

39.

This figure shows an action potential in a ventricular cardiocyte. _____________ indicates when
sodium channels are fully open.
A. 1
B. 3
C. 2
D. 5
E. 4
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Figure: 19.14
Learning Outcome: 19.04.c Describe the unusual action potentials of cardiac muscle and relate them to the contractile behavior of the heart.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #39

Section: 19.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

40.

Cells of the sinoatrial node ____________ during the pacemaker potential.
A. depolarize fast
B. depolarize slow
C. repolarize slow
D. repolarize fast
E. depolarize slow and repolarize fast
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.04.b Explain how the SA node excites the myocardium.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #40
Section: 19.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

41.

Any abnormal cardiac rhythm is called a(n)
A. ectopic focus.
B. sinus rhythm.
C. nodal rhythm.
D. heart block.
E. arrhythmia.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.04.d Interpret a normal electrocardiogram.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #41
Section: 19.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

42.

If the sinoatrial (SA) is damaged, the heart will likely beat at
A. less than 10 bpm.
B. 10 to 20 bpm.
C. 20 to 40 bpm.
D. 40 to 50 bpm.
E. 70 to 80 bpm.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 19.04.b Explain how the SA node excites the myocardium.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #42
Section: 19.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

43.

The _______________ provides most of the Ca2+ needed for myocardial contraction.
A. extracellular fluid
B. mitochondria
C. sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. Golgi apparatus
E. cytoskeleton

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.04.c Describe the unusual action potentials of cardiac muscle and relate them to the contractile behavior of the heart.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #43
Section: 19.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

44.

Atrial systole begins
A. immediately before the P wave.
B. immediately after the P wave.
C. during the Q wave.
D. during the S-T segment.
E. immediately after the T wave.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 19.04.d Interpret a normal electrocardiogram.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #44
Section: 19.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

45.

Atrial depolarization causes
A. the P wave.
B. the QRS complex.
C. the T wave.
D. the first heart sound.
E. the quiescent period.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.04.d Interpret a normal electrocardiogram.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #45
Section: 19.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

46.

The long plateau in the action potential observed in cardiocytes is probably related with
_____________ staying longer in their cytosol.
A. Na+
B. K+
C. Ca2+
D. ClE. Na+, K+, and Ca2+
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 19.04.c Describe the unusual action potentials of cardiac muscle and relate them to the contractile behavior of the heart.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #46
Section: 19.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System


47.

The long absolute refractory period of cardiocytes
A. ensures a short twitch.
B. prevents tetanus.
C. makes the heart prone to arrhythmias.
D. prevents the occurrence of ectopic focuses.
E. causes the pacemaker potential.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 19.04.c Describe the unusual action potentials of cardiac muscle and relate them to the contractile behavior of the heart.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #47
Section: 19.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

Saladin - Chapter 19

48.

This figure shows a normal electrocardiogram. Missing of waves at point ___ might indicate SA node
damage.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Figure: 19.15
Learning Outcome: 19.04.d Interpret a normal electrocardiogram.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #48
Section: 19.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System

49.

This figure shows a normal electrocardiogram. Two or more consecutive waves at point "1" might
suggest
A. sinus rhythm.
B. nodal rhythm.
C. ventricular fibrillation.
D. premature ventricular contraction (PVC).
E. heart block.
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Figure: 19.15
Learning Outcome: 19.04.d Interpret a normal electrocardiogram.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #49
Section: 19.04

Topic: Cardiovascular System

50.

This figure shows a normal electrocardiogram. The deflection at point(s) _________ is generated by
ventricular repolarization and it is called the __________.
A. 3; R wave
B. 4, 2, and 5; QRS wave
C. 1; P wave
D. 5; P wave
E. 3; T wave
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Figure: 19.15
Learning Outcome: 19.04.d Interpret a normal electrocardiogram.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #50
Section: 19.04
Topic: Cardiovascular System


51.

When the left ventricle contracts, the _____ valve closes and the _____ valve is pushed open.
A. bicuspid; pulmonary
B. tricuspid; pulmonary
C. tricuspid; aortic
D. mitral; aortic
E. aortic; pulmonary
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.05.b Describe how changes in blood pressure operate the heart valves.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #51

Section: 19.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

52.

Mitral valve stenosis causes blood to leak back into the ___________ when the ventricles contract.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

left atrium
right atrium
aorta
pulmonary trunk
pulmonary arteries
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 19.05.b Describe how changes in blood pressure operate the heart valves.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #52
Section: 19.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

53.

Isovolumetric contraction occurs during the _________ of the electrocardiogram.
A. P wave
B. P-Q segment
C. R wave
D. S-T segment

E. T wave
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 19.05.e Relate the events of the cardiac cycle to the volume of blood entering and leaving the heart.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #53
Section: 19.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

54.

During isovolumetric contraction, the pressure in the ventricles
A. falls rapidly.
B. rises rapidly.
C. remains constant.
D. rises and then falls.
E. falls and then rises.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 19.05.d Describe in detail one complete cardiac cycle of heart contraction and relaxation.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #54
Section: 19.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

55.

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) generates a murmur associated with the _____ heart sound that occurs
when the ____.
A. lubb (S1); atria contract
B. dupp (S2); atria relax
C. lubb (S1); ventricles contract
D. dupp (S2); ventricles relax
E. lubb (S1); ventricles relax

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 19.05.c Explain what causes the sounds of the heartbeat.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #55
Section: 19.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System


56.

This is the correct sequence of events of the cardiac cycle.
A. ventricular filling → isovolumetric contraction → isovolumetric relaxation → ventricular ejection
B. ventricular filling → isovolumetric relaxation → isovolumetric contraction → ventricular ejection
C. ventricular filling → ventricular ejection → isovolumetric contraction → isovolumetric relaxation
D. ventricular filling → isovolumetric relaxation → ventricular ejection → isovolumetric contraction
E. ventricular filling → isovolumetric contraction → ventricular ejection → isovolumetric relaxation
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 19.05.d Describe in detail one complete cardiac cycle of heart contraction and relaxation.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #56
Section: 19.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

57.

Most of the ventricle filling occurs
A. during atrial systole.
B. when the AV valve is closed.
C. during ventricular systole.
D. during atrial diastole.
E. during isovolumetric contraction.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 19.05.e Relate the events of the cardiac cycle to the volume of blood entering and leaving the heart.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #57
Section: 19.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

Saladin - Chapter 19


58.

This figure shows the events of the cardiac cycle. What does "4" represent?
A. aortic valve opening
B. aortic valve closing
C. AV valve opening
D. AV valve closing
E. both aortic and AV valves opening
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Figure: 19.20
Learning Outcome: 19.05.e Relate the events of the cardiac cycle to the volume of blood entering and leaving the heart.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #58
Section: 19.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

59.

This figure shows the events of the cardiac cycle. At 0.2 sec in the graph ____________.
A. the aortic valve is open
B. the AV valve is open
C. the ventricles have reached end-diastolic volume
D. the ventricles are in the isovolumetric phase

E. the ventricles are in systole
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Figure: 19.20
Learning Outcome: 19.05.e Relate the events of the cardiac cycle to the volume of blood entering and leaving the heart.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #59
Section: 19.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

60.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) of the right ventricle
A. can cause pulmonary edema.
B. can cause systemic edema.
C. increases the ejection fraction of the right ventricle.
D. reduces the ejection fraction of the left ventricle.
E. increases cardiac output in both ventricles.
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 19.05.e Relate the events of the cardiac cycle to the volume of blood entering and leaving the heart.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #60
Section: 19.05
Topic: Cardiovascular System

61.

Assume that the left ventricle of a child's heart has an EDV=90mL, and ESV=60mL, and a cardiac
output of 2,400 mL/min. His SV and HR are
A. SV=30 mL/beat, HR=80 bpm.
B. SV=40 mL/beat, HR=60 bpm.
C. SV=80 mL/beat, HR=30 bpm.
D. SV=150 mL/beat, HR=16 bpm.

E. SV=16 mL/beat, HR=150 bpm.
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 19.06.a Define cardiac output and explain its importance.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #61
Section: 19.06
Topic: Cardiovascular System

62.

_____________ increase(s) stroke volume.
A. High arterial blood pressure
B. Negative inotropic agents
C. Increased venous return
D. Increased afterload
E. Dehydration
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 19.06.b Identify the factors that govern cardiac output.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #62
Section: 19.06
Topic: Cardiovascular System


63.

The volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute is called
A. the cardiac reserve.
B. the preload.
C. the afterload.
D. the stroke volume.
E. the cardiac output.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 19.06.a Define cardiac output and explain its importance.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #63
Section: 19.06
Topic: Cardiovascular System

64.

Cardioinhibitory centers in the _____________ receive input from __________.
A. cortex; proprioceptors in the muscles
B. thalamus; chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata
C. hypothalamus; proprioceptors in the joints
D. medulla oblongata; chemoreceptors in the aortic arch
E. pons; baroreceptors in the internal carotid
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 19.06.c Discuss some of the nervous and chemical factors that alter heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output.
Saladin - Chapter 19 #64
Section: 19.06
Topic: Cardiovascular System

65.

The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that stroke volume is proportional to
A. the end-systolic volume.
B. the end-diastolic volume.
C. the afterload.
D. the heart rate.
E. contractility.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 19.06.d Explain how the right and left ventricles achieve balanced output.

Saladin - Chapter 19 #65
Section: 19.06
Topic: Cardiovascular System