CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT TRONG TIẾNG ANH

THE ENGLISH – TEAM 3

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
I. Introduction
Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

Trích dẫn lại nguyên lời nói của người nói
Statement “I like reading books written by Thach Lam”

Question

Command

she said
“Tôi thích những cuốn sách được viết bởi
Thạch Lam” cô ấy nói
“Does she tell you the truth?” he asked me
“Cô ấy có nói cho cậu biết sự thật không”
anh ấy hỏi tôi
“Shut up or I will kill you” the thief order us
Tên cướp ra lệnh cho chúng tôi “ Câm ngay,
nếu không tao sẽ giết bọn mày”

Tường thuật lại ý của người nói (có thể
theo cách diễn đạt của mình)
She told to them she likes reading books
written by Thach Lam

He asked whether she tell me the truth

or not.
The thief ordered us to shut up or he
would kill us.

II. Conversion to indirect speech
Step#1. Decide the tense of the indirect speech
Direct Speech

Present Simple
The local people said “The hills and mountains also
provide some really spectacular scenery”

Indirect Speech

Past simple
The local people said that the hills and mountains
also provided some really spectacular scenery

Người dân địa phương nói là “Những ngọn đồi và
núi sẽ mang đến một vài cảnh tượng tráng lễ đấy”

Present Progressive
“ The police are investigating the death of Johnson”
his mother said
Present Perfect

Past Progressive
His mother said that the police were investigating
the death of Johnson
Past Perfect

She said to me “I have read the book you lent me five
times”
Cô ấy nói với tôi “Tao đã đọc cuốn sách mà cho
mượn tới 5 lần liền”

She said to me that she had read the book I had lent her
five times

Present Perfect Progressive
My father said “I has been playing football for 2
hours”
Bố tôi nói rằng “Tôi đã chơi bóng đá trong 2
giờ đồng hồ liền”
Past Simple

Past Perfect Progressive
My father said that he had been playing football for
2 hours
Past Perfect


My teacher said to my mother: “I was expelled from
the school for taking drugs”

My teacher said to my mother that I had been
expelled from the school for taking drugs

Cô giáo nói với mẹ tôi rằng tôi đã bị đuổi học vì
sử dụng ma túy

Past progressive
“When you called me I was reading newspaper” he
said to me

Past perfect progessive
He said to me that when I had called him he had
been reading newspaper

“Khi mà mày gọi tao thì t đang đọc báo” anh ấy
nói với tôi

Future simple (will/shall)
He said “I will go out immediately”
Anh ấy nói:”Anh ấy sẽ ra ngoài ngay lập
tức’
Can
“We can’t afford to enjoy the sort of relaxed
lifestyle” they said

Would / Trong câu hỏi, shall => should
He said he would go out immediately
Could
They said they could not afford to enjoy the sort of
relaxed lifestyle.

“Chúng tôi không kiếm đủ để có thể tận hưởng
một cuộc sống an nhàn” họ nói

May

They said “The circumstance may change”
Họ nói “Tình thế có thể sẽ thay đổi”
Must
She said “I must clean the house before my mother
comes back home”
Cô ấy nói cô ấy phải lau nhà trước khi mẹ tôi
trở về nhà”

Might
They said the circumstance might change
Had to
She said she had to clean the house before my
mother came back home

Watch out!!!
- Khi lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một sự thật

hiển nhiên, một

chân lí luôn đúng,

một thói quen ở hiện tại, một sự việc cố định hoặc vẫn chưa thay đổi

Example: My teacher said “New York is bigger than London”
=> My teacher said that New York is bigger than London.
Cô giáo tôi nói rằng là New York thì lớn hơn London
- Nếu lời nói trực tiếp ở dạng câu điều kiện loại II và loại III thì chúng ta giữ nguyên
(retained)

Example: “If I did not scream in time, the rescuer would not find me” she said

 She said if she didn’t scream in time the rescuer would not find her.
Cô ấy nói là nếu cô ấy không la lên kịp lúc thì nhân viên cứu hộ không tìm được cô ấy
- Mệnh đề sau “wish”, “would rather/would sooner” không lùi thì

Example: She said “I wish I had a lot of money”
 She said she wished she had a lot of money
Cô ấy nói rằng cô ấy ước mình có nhiều tiền

My mother said “I would rather you did not watch that program”
 My mother told me that she would rather me did not watch that program.
Mẹ tôi nói với tôi rằng bà ấy không muốn tôi xem chương trình đó.


- Thì quá khứ đơn và thì quá khứ tiếp diễn có thời gian xác định hoặc thuộc mệnh đề
chia thời gian

Example: He said to the employer “I was born in 1999”
 He said to the employer that he was born in 1999
- Nếu động từ báo cáo ở dạng hiện tại đơn hay tương lai thì thì được giữ nguyên không
đổi

Example: “I go to the gym every day” she says
=> She says she goes to the gym every day

Step#2. Change in the words in expressing time, place and connection.
Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

Today

This week

that day
that week

“Today I want to meet the director to talk about our
project”

She said she wanted to meet the director to talk
about the project

Now

Then

She said “I now am on the way to the store and I
will call you later”

Yesterday
“I gave this document to you yesterday. Did you
remember it?”

---- ago
“The last time I talked to my mother was 2 years
ago” she said

Last week/month
“The accident happened last month and I still
remember it until now”

Tomorrow

She said she then was on the way to the store and
she would call me later

the day before
the previous day

She said to me that she gave this document to me
the day before and asked me whether I had
remember it or not

--- before

She said the last time she had talked to her mother
had been 2 years before,

The week/month before
The previous week/before

She said to the police the accident had happened the
previous week and she still remembered it until then

The following day/the next day

“Tomorrow my boyfriend will wine and dine me at She said her boyfriend would wine and dine her at
Metropole restaurant” she said
Metropole restaurant the following day

Here

“I have worked here for 3 years”

This/ These

There

He said he had worked there for 3 years

That/ those

“You should find immediate solutions to this He advised me to find immediate solutions to that
problems”
problem.


Watch out!!!
- Nếu thời điểm trong câu được đề cập mà vẫn chưa đến, thì

của động từ và trạng từ

vẫn sẽ được giữ nguyên

Example: Jane said “I will go to Paris by the end of this month”
=> Jane said he will go to Paris by the end of this month (Nếu thời gian là “by the end
of this month” trong câu vẫn chưa tới, tức là câu nói của Jane được tường thuật trước thời
điểm trên)
=> Jane said he would go to Paris by the end of that month (Nếu thời gian là “by the end
of this month” trong câu đã qua rồi, tức là câu nói của Jane được tường thuật lại vài tháng
sau thời điểm anh ấy nói là anh ấy đi tới Paris)

- Nếu địa điểm được đề cập đến trong câu nói trực tiếp trùng với địa điểm được đề cập
trong câu tường thuật lại thì chúng ta giữ nguyên trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn

Example: Daisy said: “She have worked here for 2 years”
=> Daisy said she had worked here for 2 years (Nếu người tường thuật lại câu nói của
Daisy cũng đang ở nơi mà cô ấy làm việc)
=> Daisy said she had worked there for 2 years (Nếu người tường thuật lại câu nói
của Daisy không ở nơi mà cô ấy làm việc)
- Nếu vật tường thuật trong câu trực tiếp và vật được đề cập trong câu tường thuật
đang hiện diện trước mặt người nói thì chúng ta không chuyển ‘this => that”

Example: The teacher said to Jane: “Give Bobby this book before 2p.m!”
The teacher told me to give you this book before 2p,m! (Cô giáo nói với tớ là đưa cho
cậu cuốn sách này, trong trường hợp này, Jane mang cuốn sách đến đưa Bobby tường thuật
lại câu nói của cô giáo cho Bobby. Khi đó, cuốn sách ở ngay trước mặt hai người, vì thế chúng
ta vẫn để nguyên là “this” (cuốn sách này) chứ không phải “that” (Cuôn sách đó))

Step#3. Selection of pronoun for the subject and object
Case 1:
I will say to my friends, “I have started learning computer.”
=> I will tell my friends that I have started learning computer.
Trong trường hợp này, cả người nói và người tường thuật đề là “Tôi’ (I) nên chúng ta giữ nguyên
không đổi

Case 2:
The teacher said to me, “I hope you will bring credit to my school.”
=> The teacher hoped that I would bring credit to her scchool.
Cô giáo nói với tôi “Tôi hi vọng bạn sẽ đem đến sự tín nhiệm cho trường học của tôi
=> Cô giáo hi vọng rằng tôi sẽ đem đến sự tín nhiệm cho trường học của cô ấy
Trong trường hợp này chúng ta hiểu người nói là giáo viên, còn người tường thuật là nhân vật tôi,

người nói chuyển sang ngôi thứ 3 (he/she/it/they), con người tường thuật ở ngôi thú nhất (I)


Case 3:
“Sam, will you help me carry my bags?” asked the old woman.
The old woman asked Sam whether he would help her carry her bags.
Ở đây, người nói là the old woman, người tường thuật lại là một người thứ 3 nào đó chứng kiến hai sự
việc vừa rồi

III. Statements in reported speech
S + said (to + O) + that S + V……
S + told + O + that S + V….
Eg: “We will have a test tomorrow”, My teacher said.
-> My teacher said (that) they would have a test the next day.
*Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: thought, announced, explained, complained,
believed…

a. Yes/ no questions:
Eg:

IV. Questions in reported speech

S + asked + ( O ) + if / whether + clause
Tuan asked Ba “Are you fond of watching television?”

Tuan asked Ba if/whether he was fond of watching television
b. Wh-questions:

S + asked + (O) + wh - word + clause
Eg: He said to me, “Why did you go with her father last week?”

He asked me why I had gone with her father the week before.
Chú ý: Trong trường hợp câu trực tiếp có cả câu trần thuật và câu hỏi khi đổi sang câu
gián tiếp phần nào vẫn cứ đi phần ấy

Eg: “ I have left my watch at home. Can you tell me the time?”

He said that he had left his watch at home and asked me if I could tell him the time

V. Imperative in reported speech
Khi đổi câu mệnh lệnh trực tiếp thành câu mệnh lệnh gián tiếp, cần lưu ý:
+ Động từ tường thuật là: ordered, commanded (ra lệnh), requested, asked (yêu cầu),
told (bảo làm )
+ Tâm ngữ trực tiếp chỉ người nhận mệnh lệnh được nêu lên. Hình thức mệnh lệnh
của đ?ng từ trong câu mệnh lệnh trực tiếp đổi thành đ?ng từ nguyên thể


(+) He/ she + ordered + object + to infinitive
commanded
told
asked
requested
Eg: “Please wait for a minute.” The man asked me
 The man asked me to wait for a minute.
“Would you mind opening the door” she asked me.
She asked me to open the door.
He said to the waiter, “ Please bring me some hot water.”
 He told to the waiter to bring him some hot water.
I said to her “Please shut the window.”
 I asked her to shut the window.

(-) He/ she + ordered + object not to + infinitive
told
asked
Eg: “ Please don’t talk loudly”.
 He asked me not to talk loudly.
He said “Don’t shut the door”.
 He asked me not to shut the door.

VI. Exclamationin reported speech

Eg: He said, “ What a lovely garden they have”
He exclaimed that they had a lovely garden.
He said that it was … / hoặc He exclaimed that it was …
Eg1: She said; “What a pity!” (Direct speech) -> She exclaimed that it was a pity
Eg2: I said; “What a nice horse” -> I exclaimed that it was a nice hoese
Eg3: He said; “How beautiful she is!”-> He exclaimed that she was beautiful!
Eg4: “What a big egg” he said -> He said that it was a big egg.
Eg5: “ How dreadful!” he said -> He exclaimed that it was dreadful.

VII. Reported speech with to infinitive
- Khi lời nói gián tiếp là lời đề nghị, mệnh lệnh, ý đ?nh, lời hứa, lời yêu cầu,...đ?ng từ
tư?ng thuật cùng với động từ nguyên mẫu theo sau thưường dùng để truyền tải nội
dung lời nói trên.
a. Đề nghị, lời mời:


S + invite + (O) + to V …
S + offer + to V …
Ex: He said, “Would you like to go out for a drink?”
---> He invited me to go out for a drink.

She said to me; “How about some coffee”
-> She invited me some coffee
“I will look after the house for you if you like” he said.
-> He offered to look after the house for me if I liked.
* Ta sử dụng “ Would you like to V... / How about …/ Why don’t you + … để mời
Eg: Why don’t you come to my village to have a day off?
* Offer: - Would you like me to V
- Shall I do.../ Can I…? Could I …?
- I’ll do … if you like
Eg: Can I help you with the dishes?
Shall I shut the door?
Would you like a drink?
Would you like to come for a meal?
b. Yêu cầu: (động từ tường thuật ask)

Ex: She said, “Can you lend me your book?”
---> She asked me to lend her my book.
* Ta có thể dử dụng : Could you….? , Can you …? Would you mind …? Or câu mệnh
lệnh để yêu cầu

“Would you mind closing the door?”  he asked me to close the door.
*

“I’d like…” “Can I have…?” khi chuyển sang gián tiếp ta áp dụng cấu trúc
“Could I have…?”

S + asked + someboby + for + something
Ex: In a restaurant, the man said; “I’d like a bottle of red wine, please”
-> The man asked for a bottle of red wine
c. Khuyên bảo:

Ex: “You should study harder,” my mother said.
---> My mother advised me to study harder.
*Lời khuyên thường bắt đầu bằng:

- You should / You ought to V...........
- If I were you , I would/ should …
- You had better …
- Why don’t you ….
Eg’ Why don’t you repaint our room? She advised me to repaint their room.
Chuyển sang gián tiếp có cấu trúc sau: S + advised + O + to V …

d. Lời nhắc nhở
“Remember…”khi chuyển sang lời nói gián tiếp ta áp dụng cấu trúc sau
Don’t for get

S + remind(ed) + someboby + to Infinitive verb


Ex: She said to me; “Don’t forget to ring me up tomorrow evening”
-> She reminded me to ring her up the bext eveining
Công thức chung khi đổi sang câu tường thuật với to V:

S + V (+ O) + to V

VIII. Reported speech with gerund
Động từ tường thuật + V-ing.......

* Động từ tường thuật:deny, admit, suggest, regret...........

Ex: He said to me; “Let’s go home”
-> He suggested going home
Động từ tường thuật + giới từ + Ving…

* Động từ tường thuật: : dream of, object to, insist on, complain about, think of, look forward
to.........

Ex: “I’ll help you with your physics exercise,” Peter said to Susan.
---> Peter insisted on helping Susan with her physics exercise.
Động từ tường thuật + giới từ + tân ngữ + Ving…

* Động từ tường thuật: thank sb for, accuse sb of, congratulate sb on, apologize sb for, warn sb
against, prevent sb from, stop sb from…

Ex1: “It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much,” Tom said to you.

---> Tom thanked me for helping him.
Ex2: “I’m sorry I’m late,” Peter said.

---> Peter apologised for being late.

Danh động từ tường thuật thường đi theo động từ tường thuật SUGGEST trong
các mẫu câu đề nghị sau:

Why don’t you/ Why not / How about -> suggest + sb + V-ing
Let’s / Let’s not -> suggest + V-ing/ suggest + not+ V-ing
Shall we/ It’s a good idea -> suggest + V-ing.
Cảm ơn, xin lỗi:

S + thanked + s.o + for + v-ing

S + apologized for + (not) + v-ing
S + apologized + to + s.o + for + (not) + v-ing
Ex1: “It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much,” Tom said to you.
---> Tom thanked me for helping him.
Ex2: “I’m sorry I’m late,” Peter said.
---> Peter apologised for being late.
Chúc mừng:

S + congratulated + s.o + on + v-ing
Ex: John said, “I heard you received the scholarship. Congratulations!”
---> John congratulated me on receiving the scholarship.
Cương quyết, khăng khăng:


S + insisted + on + v-ing…
Ex: “I’ll help you with your physics exercise,” Peter said to Susan.
---> Peter insisted on helping Susan with her physics exercise.
“I’ll drive you to the station. I insist,” Peter said to Linda
-> Peter insisted on driving Linda to the station
Cảnh báo, ngăn cản:

Lời cảnh báo như : be careful, be dangerous

a. S + warned + s.o + to verb…
b. S + warned + s.o + against + v-ing …
ex1: “Be careful of strangers and don’t go out at night”; he said
-> He warned us to be careful strangers and not to out at night
Ex2: “Don’t stay at the near the airport,” I said to Ann
-> I warned Ann against staying at the hotel near the airport
Ex3: “Don’t go out alone at night,” I said to Linda.

---> I warned Linda agaisnt going out alone at night.
Ngăn cản:

S + prevented, stopped + s.o + from + v-ing…
Ex1: “Stay here! I can’t let you go out tonight,” her mother said to Jane
-> Her mother prevented Jane from going out that night
Ex2: “Sit here. I can’t let you stand all the time,” Mary said to me.
---> Mary prevented me from standing all the time.
Chấp nhận hoặc phủ nhận:

Ex1: “We stole his money,” they said.
---> They admitted stealing his money.
Ex2: “I didn’t steal his money,” she said.
---> She denied stealing his money.
Đề nghị, gợi ý:

S + suggest + (not) + V-ing …
S1 + suggest (ed) + That + S2 + should + bare infinitive

Ex: He said to me; “Let’s go home”
-> He suggested going home
-> He suggested that we should go home
Ex: “Let’s go out for a drink,” Susan said.
---> Susan suggested going out for a drink.
Tố cáo, buộc tội:

Ex: “You took some of my money,” he said.
---> He accused me of taking some of his money.
Mơ ước:

S + dreamed + of + v-ing…
Ex: “I want to pass the exam with flying colours,” John said.
---> John dreamed of passing the exam with flying colours.
“I’ve always wante to be rich, ” Bob said
-> Bob had always dreamed of being rich
Sự chấp nhận


S + admitted + v-ing…
Detective: You have stolen Mrs. Brown’s car!
The thief|: Yes…! But…
-> The thief admitted stealing/having stolen Mrs Brown’s car
Sự mong đợi (áp dụng cấu trúc sau)

S + looked forward to + v-ing…
Ex: “Mr.Smith: I feel like meeting our children soon”
-> Mr and Mrs. Smith looked forward to meeting their children soon
Tmod English
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