Springer optical networks and technologies 2005

OPTICAL NETWORKS AND
TECHNOLOGIES


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OPTICAL NETWORKS AND
TECHNOLOGIES
IFIP TC6 / WG6.10 First Optical Networks &
Technologies Conference (OpNeTec),
October 18-20, 2004, Pisa, Italy

Edited by

KEN-ICHI KITAYAMA
Department of Electronics and Information Systems
Osaka University, Japan

FRANCESCO MASETTI-PLACCI
Alcatel
Vimercate, Italy

GIANCARLO PRATI
Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni – CNIT, Pisa, Italy
Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy

Springer

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Contents

Preface

xv

Acknowledgments

xvii

Committees

xix

Perspectives on Optical Networks and Technologies

1

Developments in Optical Seamless Networks
Andrea Spaccapietra and Giovanni Razzetta (invited paper)

3

Cinema-class Digital Content Distribution via Optical Networks
11
Tetsuro Fujii, Kazuhiro Shirakawa, Mitsuru Nomura, and
Takahiro Yamaguchi (invited paper)
Next Generation Networks – a Vision of Network Evolution
Howard Green and Pierpaolo Ghiggino

19

An Overview of Key Technologies for the Next Generation Networks
Howard Green and Pierpaolo Ghiggino

31

PART A1: Optical Packet Switching / Optical Burst Switching

45

Guaranteeing Seamless End-to-End QoS in OBS Networks
47
Maurizio Casoni, Maria Luisa Merani, Alessio Giorgetti, Luca
Valcarenghi and Piero Castoldi


vi

A Framework for the Analysis of Delay Jitter in Optical Packet Switched
55
Networks
F. Callegati, W. Cerroni, G. Muretto, C. Raffaelli and P. Zaffoni
Demonstration of Preamble less Optical Packet Clock and Data Recovery
63
with Optical Packet Switching
Naoya Wada, Hatsushi Iiduka and Fumito Kubota
71
Cost Efficient Upgrading of OPS Nodes
J. Cheyns, C. Develder, D. Colle, E. Van Breusegem and P.
Demeester

A Scheduling Algorithm for Reducing Unused Timeslots by Considering
Head Gap and Tail Gap in Time Sliced Optical Burst Switched
79
Networks
Takanori Ito, Daisuke Ishii, Kohei Okazaki, Naoaki Yamanaka

and Iwao Sasase
WONDER: Overview of a Packet-Switched MAN Architecture
A. Bianciotto and R. Gaudino

87

Performance of Optical Burst Switched WDM Ring Network with TTFR
95
System
Yutaka Arakawa, Naoaki Yamanaka and Iwao Sasase
PART A2: Routing

103

Assessing the Benefits of Wavelength Selection vs. Wavelength
Conversion in WDM Networks
Nicola Andriolli, Luca Valcarenghi and Piero Castoldi

105

ILP Based Evaluation of Separate Wavelength Pool (Swap) Strategy
Zsolt Lakatos

113

Distributed Wavelength Reservation Method for Fast Lightpath Setup in
121
WDM Networks
Yosuke Kanitani, Shin’ichi Arakawa, Masayuki Murata and Kenichi Kitayama
On-Arrival Planning for Sub-Graph Routing Protection in WDM

Networks
129
Darli A. A. Mello, Marcio S. Savasini, Jefferson U. Pellegrini and
Helio Waldman


vii

Routing and Wavelength Assignment for Scheduled and Random
Lightpath Demands: Bifurcated Routing versus Non-Bifurcated
Routing
Mohamed Koubaa, Nicolas Puech and Maurice Gagnaire

137

Semi-Lightpath Approach for Bandwidth Guaranteed Protection in IPOver-WDM Networks
145
R. Gangopadhyay, G. Prati and N. Rao
Comparison of p-Cycle Configuration Methods for Dynamic Networks 153
Dominic A. Schupke
PART A3: GMPLS and network control

161

An Experimental GMPLS-based Wavelength Reservation Protocol for
Flooding Global Wavelength Information in Uni-ring-based MAN 163
Raul Muñoz, Ricardo Martinez, Jordi Sorribes and Gabriel
Junyent
GMPLS with Interlayer Control for Session-Uninterrupted Disaster
Recovery across Distributed Data Centers

171
Tetsuo Imai, Soichiro Araki, Tomoyoshi Sugawara, Norihito
Fujita and Yoshihiko Suemura
Monitoring Service “Health” in Intelligent, Transparent Optical
Networks
Carolina Pinart, Abdelhafid Amrani and Gabriel Junyent

179

A Centralized Path Computation System for GMPLS Transport Networks:
Design Issues and Performance Studies
187
Gino Carrozzo, Stefano Giordano and Giodi Giorgi
Intelligent OTN in the TLC Operator Infrastructures
Ovidio Michelangeli and Alberto Mittoni
Novel Active Monitoring of Customer Premises using Bluetooth in
Optical Access Network
S. B. Lee, W. Shin and K. Oh
Shared Memory Access Method for a Computing Environment
Hirohisa Nakamoto, Ken-ichi Baba and Masayuki Murata

195

203

210


viii
PART A4: Traffic engineering

219

A Multilayer-Routing-Strategy with Dynamic Link Resource
Adaptation
Robert Prinz and Andreas Iselt

221

Evaluation of Bandwidth-Dependent Metrics for TE Links in a GMPLS
229
Path Computation System
Gino Carrozzo, Stefano Giordano and Giodi Giorgi
A New Traffic Aggregation Scheme in All-Optical Wavelength Routed
237
Networks
Nizar Bouabdallah, Emmanuel Dotaro and Guy Pujolle
246
Multi-Layer Recovery Enabled with End-to-End Signaling
D. Verchere, D. Leclerc, A. Noury, B. Ronot, M. Vigoureaux, O.
Audouin, A. Jourdan, D. Papadimitriou, B. Rousseau, G. Luyts, S.
Brockmann, W. Koeber and G. Eilenberger

Performance Analysis of the Control and Forwarding Plane in an MPLS
254
Router
D. Adami, N. Carlotti, S. Giordano, M. Pagano and M. Repeti
263
Inter-Domain Routing in Optical Networks
Américo Muchanga, Lena Wosinska, Fredrik Orava and Joanna

Haralson

PART A5: Techniques for optical node

271

Optical Network Unit Based on a Bidirectional Reflective
Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
Josep Prat, Cristina Arellano, Victor Polo and Carlos Bock

273

Optical Label Recognition Based on Additional Pre-spread Coding
279
Hideaki Furukawa, Tsuyoshi Konishi, Kazuyoshi Itoh, Naoya
Wada and Fumito Kubota
Optical Feedback Buffering Strategies
284
Ronelle Geldenhuys, Jesús Paúl Tomillo, Ton Koonen, and
Idelfonso Tafur Monroy
40Gb/s WDM-multicasting Wavelength Conversion from 160Gb/s
OTDM Signal
Yoshinari Awaji, Tetsuya Miyazaki and Fumito Kubota

292


ix

Multiple Wavelength Conversion for WDM Multicasting by Means of

Non-linear Effects in SOAs
299
G. Contestabile, M. Presi, E. Ciaramella
PART B1: Transmission system

305

Optimal Span Length Determination in Transmission Systems with
Hybrid Amplification
307
J. D. Ania-Castañón, I. O. Nasieva, S. K. Turitsyn, C. Borsier and
E. Pincemin
Separate Evaluation of Nonlinearity-Due Q Penalties in Long-Haul
Very Dense WDM Optical Systems
313
Livio Paradiso, Pierpaolo Boffi, Lucia Marazzi, Nicola Dalla
Vecchia, Massimo Artiglia and Mario Martinelli
Suppression of Transient Gain Excursions in EDFA’s
Mladen Males, Antonio Cantoni, and John Tuthill
Dynamic BER Performance Monitoring of WDM Systems using a
Sum-of-Gaussian Technique
B. Pal and R. Gangopadhyay

319

327

Simultaneous Optimization of Hybrid Fiber Amplifiers and Dispersion
Maps
332

Vittorio Curri and Stefan Tenenbaum
Accurate Bit Error Rate Evaluation in Optically Preamplified DirectDetection
P. Martelli, S. M. Pietralunga, D. Nicodemi and M. Martinelli

340

Techno-Economic Analysis of Dispersion-Tolerant Transmission
Techniques for 10Gb/s DWDM Systems
346
Cornelius Fürst, Helmut Griesser, Jörg-Peter Elbers and
Christoph Glingener
PART B2: Modulation formats

355

2.5 Gbps 2-PSK Ultra-Dense WDM Homodyne Coherent Detection
using a Sub-Carrier based Optical Phase-Locked Loop
S. Camatel, V. Ferrero, R. Gaudino and P. Poggiolini

357


x

Influence of Optical Filters on the Performance of Fsk/Im Transmission
364
Scheme
J.J. Vegas Olmos, I. Tafur Monroy, E. Tangdiongga, J.P.A. van
Berkel, A.M.J. Koonen and J. Prat
Carrier Reshaping and MUX-DEMUX Filtering in 0.8 Bit/s/Hz WDM

371
RZ-DPSK Transmission
Ranjeet S. Bhamber, Sergei Turitsyn and Vladimir Mezentsev
Effect of Optical Filtering on 20-Gbit/S RZ-DQPSK Transmission over
377
2000 Km in a 64-Channel DWDM System
Pierpaolo Boffi, Lucia Marazzi, Paolo Martelli, Livio Paradiso,
Paola Parolari, Aldo Righetti, Rocco Siano and Mario Martinelli
Combined (Symbol and Classical) DWDM Data Transmission
A. O. Nekuchaev and U. Yusupaliev

384

390
Integrated Direct-Modulation based Quantum Cryptography System
Johann Cussey, Matthieu Bloch, Jean-Marc Merolla and Steven. W
Mc.Laughlin

DPSK over Inverse-RZ Optical Pulses for 2-bit per Symbol
Transmission
Tetsuya Miyazaki and Fumito Kubota

396

PART B3: All-optical processing

401

A 40 GHz Polarization Maintaining Picosecond Modelocked Fiber
Laser Employing Photonic Crystal Fiber

Kazi S. Abedin and Fumito Kubota

403

40 GHz Adiabatic Soliton Generation From a Dual Frequency Beat
Signal using Dispersion Decreasing Fiber Based Raman
409
Amplification
Ju Han Lee, Taichi Kogure, Young- Geun Han , Sang Hyuck Kim,
Sang Bae Lee and David J. Richardson
All-Optical Nonlinear Signal Processing at a RZ Receiver
Sonia Boscolo, Sergei K. Turitsyn and Keith J. Blow
Modification of Decoder for 2-D Wavelength/Time Optical CDMA
System by Optical Hard-Limiters
Jozef Chovan and František Uherek

416

422


xi

The Integration of the All-Optical Analog-to-Digital Converter using SelfFrequency Shifting in Fiber and a Pulse-Shaping Technique
430
Takashi Nishitani, Tsuyoshi Konishi and Kazuyoshi Itoh
BER Improvement using a 2-R Regenerator Based on an Asymmetric
Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror
438
Markus Meissner, Klaus Sponsel, Kristian Cvecek, Andreas Benz,

Stefan Weisser, Bernard Schmauss and Gerd Leuchs
Calculate BER Improvement due to Nonlinear Regenerators
F. G. Sun, Z. G. Lu, G. Z. Xiao and C. P. Grover

445

PART B4: Photonic devices

449

Bragg Gratings Photoimprinted in Integrated Optical Components:
Improving of Apodization Profiles
Lech Wosinski, Romano Setzu and Matteo Dainese

451

External Optical Modulator using a Low-Cost Fabry- Perot Laser Diode
459
for Optical Access Networks
H. J. Lee, H. Yoo, Y. D. Jeong and Y. H. Won
An Accurate Model of a Full Optical Encoder/Decoder in a WGR
Configuration
Gabriella Cincotti, Naoya Wada and Ken-ichi Kitayama

466

Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating as Electrically Tunable True Time Delay
Line
474
Vincenzo Italia, Marco Pisco, Stefania Campopiano, Andrea

Cusano and Antonello Cutolo
Analysis of Tuning Time in Multiple-Section Current-Injection Tunable
Laser Diodes
481
Efraim Buimovich-Rotem and Dan Sadot
Changing Resonance Wavelengths of Long-Period Fiber Gratings by the
Glass Structure Modification
489
Katsumi Morishita and Akihiro Kaino
PART B5: Polarization mode dispersion

497

Adaptive Electronic Processing in Optical PMD-Impaired Systems
T. Foggi, G. Colavolpe, E. Forestieri and G. Prati

499


xii

PSO Algorithm used for Searching the Optimum of Automatic PMD
507
Compensation
Xiaoguang Zhang, Yuan Zheng, Yu Shen, Jianzhong Zhang and
Bojun Yang
Dynamical Limitations of Single-Stage PMD Compensators
Ernesto Ciaramella

517

New Approach to Optical Polarisation Mode Dispersion Mitigation:
Experimental Analysis of the Dynamic Performances of a Cost-Driven
524
Device
Raoul Fiorone, Aldo Perasso, Massimo Speciale, Marco Camera
and Andrea Corti
Numerical Implementation of the Coarse-step Method with a Varying
530
Differential-Group Delay
M. Eberhard and C. Braimiotis
POSTER SESSION

535

537
All Optical 3R Regeneration and Wavelength Convertion
Davide Massimiliano Forin , Franco Curti, Giorgio Maria Tosi
Beleffi, Francesco Matera , Andrea Reale, Silvello Betti, Simone
Monterosso, Alessandro Fiorelli, Michele Guglielmucci and
Sergio Cascelli

Experimental Study of Reshaping Retiming Gates for 3R Regeneration 545
M. Gay, L. Bramerie, G. Girault, V. Roncin and J.-C. Simon
Chirp-Free Transmission through a NOLM Based Optical Regenerator 552
K. Sponsel, M. Meissner, K. Cvecek, B. Schmauss and G. Leuchs
Propagation of Unequal OTDM Data Channels in 2R Regenerated
System
Zhijian Huang, Ashley Gray, Igor Khrushchev and Ian Bennion

560

2-R Regeneration Exploiting Self-Phase Modulation in a Semiconductor
Optical Amplifier
565
Gianluca Meloni, Antonella Bogoni and Luca Potì
573
Two Pump OPA for OTDM Pulses Amplification
Lucia Marazzi, Paola Parolari, Pierpaolo Boffi, Elisabetta
Rognoni, Paolo Gaviraghi and Mario Martinelli


xiii
Applications of Free Space Optics for Broadband Access
579
E. Leitgeb, M. Gebhart, U. Birnbacher, S. Sheikh Muhammad and
Ch. Chlestil
Polarization Conversion Induced in A Non-Conventionally Biased
Centrosymmetric Photorefractive Crystal
Claudio Crognale and Luigi Rosa

587

Transient Control by Free ASE Light Re-Circulation in EDFA based WDM
Ring Networks
595
Giovanni Sacchi, Simone Sugliani, Antonella Bogoni, Antonio
D’Errico, Fabrizio Di Pasquale, R. Di Muro, R. Magri, G. Bruno
and F. Cavalieri
Novel Optical Direct Detection Scheme for DPSK Signals using Fibre

Bragg Gratings
601
P. Munoz, I. Tafur Monroy, R. Garcia, J. J. Vegas, F.M.
Huijskens, S. Sales, A. Gonzalez, J. Capmany, A.M.J. Koonen
Authors’ Index

607


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Preface

There has continuously been a massive growth of Internet traffic for
these years despite the “bubble burst” in year 2000. As the telecom market
is gradually picking up, it would be a consensus in telecom and data-com
industries that the CAPEX (Capital Expenditures) to rebuild the network
infrastructure to cope with this traffic growth would be imminent, while the
OPEX (Operational Expenditures) has to be within a tight constraint.
Therefore, the newly built
-century network has to fully evolve from
voice-oriented legacy networks, not only by increasing the transmission
capacity of WDM links but also by introducing switching technologies in
optical domain to provide full-connectivity to support a wide variety of
services.
This book stems from the technical contributions presented at the
Optical Networks and Technology Conference (OpNeTec), inaugurated this
year 2004 in Pisa, Italy, and collects innovations of optical network
technologies toward the

century network. High-quality recent research
results on optical networks and related technologies are presented,
including IP over WDM integration, burst and packet switchings, control
and managements, operation, metro- and access networks, and components
and devices in the perspective of network application. An effort has been
made throughout the conference, hopefully reflected at least partially in this
book, to bring together researchers, scientists, and engineers working both
academia and industries to discuss the relative impact of networks on
technologies and vice versa, with a vision of the future. Too often the
photonic communication field is approached as it were a mature field where
systems and technologies have their own lives. Photonics is still in its
infancy, playing the correlation and reciprocal influence of technology and


xvi

system/network solutions a key role, deserving more attention and
consideration on both sides.
Ken-ichi Kitayama
Francesco Masetti-Placci
Giancarlo Prati


Acknowledgments

The editors wish to express their sincere thanks to the members of the
International Program Committee of the First Optical Networks &
Technologies Conference (OpNeTec), which was held in October 18-20,
2004 in Pisa, Italy, whose cooperation was essential to the organization of
the conference and to the publication of this book.

The conference would not have been possible without the support of the
Italian National Consortium for Telecommunications (CNIT) and the work
of the Organizing Committee.
The editors would also like to gratefully acknowledged the following
organizations and institution hereafter:

Agilent Technologies
Alcatel
Anritsu
IFIP-Technical Committee on Communication Systems (TC6)
Marconi Communications
Siemens
Telecom Lab Italia


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Committees

General Chairman
Giancarlo Prati, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna & CNIT

Technical Program Co-Chairs
K. Kitayama (Co-chair), Osaka University, Japan
F. Masetti-Placci (Co-chair), Alcatel CIT, France

International Program Committee
S. Araki, NEC Corporation, Japan
K. Asatani, Kogakuin University, Japan

K. Blow, Aston University, U.K.
A. Bonati, Alcatel Italy
A. Bononi, University of Parma, Italy
A. Cantoni, W. Australian Telecomm. Research Inst., Australia
R. Castelli, Alcatel, Italy
D. Chiaroni, Alcatel CIT, France
W. Chujo, Communication Research Lab., Thailand
S. Dixit, Nokia Research Center, USA
A. Fumagalli, University of Texas at Dallas, USA
P. Franco, Pirelli Labs, Italy
P. Gambini, Agilent Technologies, Italy
R. Gangopadhyay, IIT Kharagpur, India
P. Ghiggino, Marconi, U.K.
C. Glingener, Marconi, Germany
E. Guarene, Telecom Italia Lab, Italy


xx

L. Jereb, Budapest Univ. of Tech. & Econ., Hungary
L. Kazovsky, Stanford University, USA
S. Bae Lee, KIST, Korea
H. T. Muftah, University of Ottawa, Canada
G. Morthier, Ghent University, Belgium
F. Neri, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
H. Onaka, Fujitsu Lab, Japan
H. Perros, North Carolina State University, USA
F. Russo, University of Pisa, Italy
R. Sabella, Ericsson, Italy
S. Saracino, Siemens CNX, Italy

K. Stubkjaer, Tech.. University of Denmark, Denmark
L. Wosinska, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

Organizing Committee
A. Bogoni, CNIT, Italy
P. Castoldi, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna & CNIT, Italy
E. Ciaramella, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna & CNIT, Italy
S. Cinquini, Telecom Italia, Italy
F. Di Pasquale, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna & CNIT, Italy
K. Ennser, CNIT, Italy
S. Giordano, University of Pisa, Italy
L. Poti’, CNIT, Italy

CNIT Secretariat
M. E. Razzoli, CNIT, Italy
A. Letta, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Italy

Publications
K. Ennser, CNIT, Italy


PERSPECTIVES ON
OPTICAL NETWORKS AND
TECHNOLOGIES


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DEVELOPMENTS IN OPTICAL SEAMLESS

NETWORKS
Invited paper
Andrea Spaccapietra1,Giovanni Razzetta2
1

VicePresident Optical Core Networks, Marconi Corporation,
New Century Park, Coventry, West Midlands, CV3 1HJ, United Kingdom,

2
Photonics System Design Manager, Marconi Communications,
Via A. Negrone 1A, 16153 Genova, Italy


Abstract:

1.

This paper give a view on key technologies that are emerging as the enabler
for evolving Core Transport Network towards the delivery of the customer
experience expected by the service users community. Optical technologies
will be dealt with first, explaining how they are fitting in the medium and
long term evolution of commercial optical transmission systems. Hardware
and software technologies involved in the shift toward data centric services
are addressed, identifying the path to a full integrated transport and switching
core network, with the ultimate objective of maximizing the user benefits and
reducing cost.

INTRODUCTION

National incumbents, large fixed line second operators and some key Mobile

operators have spent significant time and Capital building large, highly reliable,
resilient, carrier-class Networks to support Voice and leased lines services. This
had been a stable business model for well over a decade, with the largest challenge
being how to scale.
As we know the existing model is being challenged. It is anticipated that the
revenue our customers will generate from traditional voice services will be flat at


4
best, with growth expected to come from the provision of new broadband data
services (i.e. triple play: voice, data and video).
Residential broadband services typically consume 10 times the bandwidth of
narrowband users, but are offered at no more than twice the existing narrowband
subscription rates. Equally the increasing requirement for Enterprise businesses to
store, protect and retrieve information and records is doubling data traffic in the
Wide area every two years.
Broadband services dramatically increase capacity demands on the network
but do not return a proportional increases in revenue. Therefore network operators
need to substantially reduce network operational costs, provide capacity at much
lower cost per bit and deliver new revenue generating services.
In the following the enabling technologies for achieving such objectives are
illustrated and placed in the context of new generation core transport network,
delivering seamless services to network operators and their customers.

1.1

Optical seamless network

Optical Seamless network is a key component in building service
infrastructures that deliver a delighting customer experience, innovative products,

rapid time to market for new services and transform the cost base for the network.
An example can be found in Figure 1.
The goal of the service infrastructure is to provide a “simple and complete”
communications service to customers, regardless of time or place.
The pillars of this network vision are:
an high performance, integrated, cost effective transport infrastructure,
evolving from current transport networks;
new platforms for services based on the delivery of content and applications,
supporting both multi-media and mobile services;
OSS increasingly becoming part of the service, and ultimately converging
with the network intelligence components;
standards to define the architecture components.
The optical seamless network is a rationalized optical transport enabling an
ultra broadband data network. Access networks will be converging onto a multiservice platform.