Tài liệu Cracking the GED test with with 2 practice exams all the strategies, review, and practice you need , 2019 edition (gnv64)

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Acknowledgments
Many thanks to the following contributors for their hard work and tireless dedication to the
ongoing revision of this book: Joshua Nagel, David Stoll, Kimberly Beth Hollingsworth, Chris
Chimera, Erik Kolb, Eliz Markowitz, Becky Robinson, Linda Kelley, Andy Olson, Katie
Williams, Chris Hinkle, Kevin Kelly, Gina Donegan, Alexandra Wax Henkoff, Lisa Mayo, and
Graham Skelhorne-Gross.

Special thanks to Adam Robinson, who conceived of and perfected the Joe Bloggs
approach to standardized tests, and many of the other successful techniques used by The
Princeton Review.
Finally, a big round of applause to the production team, Jim Melloan, Kathy G. Carter, and
Deborah Weber, for their hard work on this edition.


Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Acknowledgments
Get More (Free) Content

Part I: The GED® Test and You
1 How to Use this Book to Achieve a Passing (or a College-Ready) Score
2 All About the GED® Test
3 Question Formats
4 The Habits of Effective Test Takers

Part II: Reasoning Through Language Arts: Reading
5 Reading Overview
6 Informational Passages
7 Literary Passages

Part III: Reasoning Through Language Arts: Language
8 Language Overview
9 Language Questions

Part IV: Reasoning Through Language Arts: Extended Response

10 Extended Response Overview.
11 Extended Response Writing

Part V: Mathematical Reasoning
12 Mathematical Reasoning Overview
13 Basic Arithmetic
14 Applied Arithmetic
15 Algebra
16 Geometry

Part VI: Social Studies
17 Social Studies Overview.
18 Social Studies, Part One
19 Social Studies, Part Two


Part VII: Science
20 Science Overview
21 Life Science
22 Physical and Earth Sciences

Part VIII: Answer Key to Drills
Part IX: Practice Tests
23 Practice Test
24 Practice Test
25 Practice Test
26 Practice Test

1
1: Answers and Explanations

2
2: Answers and Explanations


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• Print out custom answer sheets for the full-length practice tests in this book
• Check to see if there have been any corrections or updates to this edition
• Get our take on any recent or pending updates to the GED® test

GED Ready®: The Official Practice Test
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Testing Service’s official GED® practice test.
• www.gedmarketplace.com/theprincetonreview for step-by-step instructions on how to
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Part I
The GED® Test and You
1 How to Use this Book to Achieve a Passing (or a College-Ready) Score
2 All About the GED® Test

3 Question Formats
4 The Habits of Effective Test Takers


Chapter 1


How to Use This Book to Achieve a Passing (or a College-Ready)
Score
In this chapter, you will assess your goals and learn how to most effectively use this book
to ensure you perform your best on the GED® test.


CONGRATULATIONS!
You are reading this book because you want to make a better future for yourself, and that
future begins with obtaining the equivalent of a high school degree. The doors that will
open depend on your personal and professional goals, as the many successful people who
earned a GED® test degree—including some famous people listed nearby—can tell you.
We admire your motivation and congratulate you on your decision.
We are also delighted that you have chosen to use this book to prepare for the GED® test.
We have helped millions of people achieve their goals, and we are honored to have the
privilege of helping you. Your road to a passing—or even a College-Ready—score involves
a combination of content, reading skills, writing skills, test-taking skills, practice, and
self-evaluation.
The chapters in this book address the content and skills you need, and it is your job to
learn the content and practice the skills. Most chapters contain drills that will help you
assess your mastery. Answers and explanations for these drills can be found in Part VIII.
Moreover, there are two full-length practice tests (along with answers and explanations)
i n Part IX. While the tests are not computer-based like the actual GED® test, they are
representative of the number and types of questions you will encounter. You should take

these tests under simulated testing conditions. In the pages that follow, we suggest when
you should take each test.

Famous People Who Earned Their GED® Test Credential
Wally Amos, founder of Famous Amos Cookies
Augusten Burroughs, bestselling author
Ben Nighthorse Campbell, former U.S. Senator
Dr. Richard Carmona, former U.S. Surgeon General
Michael Chang, tennis champion
Eminem, rapper, actor, and record producer
Drake, rapper, songwriter, and actor
D. L. Hughley, political commentator and comedian
Bishop T. D. Jakes, pastor, author, and filmmaker
Peter Jennings, journalist and news anchor
Honorable Greg Mathis, U.S. District Court judge
Ruth Ann Minner, former Governor of Delaware
F. Story Musgrave, NASA shuttle astronaut
Danica Patrick, auto racing champion
Mary Lou Retton, Olympic gold medalist


Michelle Rodriguez, actor and screenwriter
Chris Rock, comedian and actor
Hilary Swank, Academy Award–winning actor
Dave Thomas, founder of Wendy’s
Mark Wahlberg, actor and producer

Of course, we understand that your needs may differ from someone else’s, and we want to
ensure that you get exactly what you need from this book. To that end, this chapter will
guide you on the proper use of this book based upon your particular knowledge, needs,

and goals.
Please begin by answering the three questions below and reading the Road Map that
follows.

SELF-ASSESSMENT: MY FAMILIARITY WITH THE GED®
TEST
1. I am familiar with the structure of the GED® test, how it is scored, and how to
register for the test. Yes No
2. I am familiar with the look and feel of the GED® test, including various
functionalities, such as the calculator and review screens. Yes No
3. I am familiar with the format of the question types that appear on the GED® test.
Yes No

Pace Yourself
Doing a little studying each day is much better than trying
to cram it all into one week.

Road Map
If you answered No to either of questions 1 or 2, read Chapter 2 (or the relevant parts
of Chapter 2) before you complete this chapter.
If you answered No to question 3, read Chapter 3. You may do so now or after you


complete this chapter.
Even if you answered Yes to all three questions, we encourage you to read the Other
Resources section on this page of Chapter 2. You may do so now or after you
complete this chapter.
Next, proceed through the following steps.
Step One: Answer each group of questions below.
Step Two: Take the first practice test (Chapter 23).

Step Three: Review and, if appropriate, change your answers to the questions
below.
Step Four: Read and follow the Road Map that follows each group of questions
below.

Custom Answer Sheets!
When taking the Practice Tests, feel free to use the
answer sheets at the back of this book. These are also
available to print out via your Student Tools when you
register your book online (see this page for details).

SELF-ASSESSMENT: MY TEST-TAKING ABILITIES
4. I want to learn or to improve my ability to apply relevant test-taking strategies that
an effective tester utilizes. Yes No
5. I want to improve my ability to read and analyze charts, graphs, and other data-based
figures. Yes No
6. I want to improve my ability to read and understand text, regardless of which one of
the four GED® tests I am taking. Yes No

Road Map
If you answered Yes to question 4, complete Chapter 4.
If you answered Yes to question 5, complete the “Understanding Graphics” tutorial,
available for download when you register your book online.
If you answered Yes to question 6, complete the “Reading Comprehension” tutorial,
also available for download.


SELF-ASSESSMENT: MY LEVEL OF MASTERY—
REASONING THROUGH LANGUAGE ARTS
7. I want to improve my mastery of answering reading questions relating to

informational passages. Yes No
8. I want to improve my mastery of answering reading questions relating to literary
passages. Yes No
9. I want to improve my mastery of answering language questions.
10. I want to improve my ability to write extended response answers.

Yes
Yes

No
No

Road Map
If you answered Yes to question 7, complete Chapters 5 and 6.
If you answered Yes to question 8, complete Chapters 5 and 7.
If you answered Yes to question 9, complete Chapters 8 and 9.
If you answered Yes to question 10, complete Chapters 10 and 11.
Even if you answered No to any of questions 7 through 10, we recommend that you
complete Chapters 5, 8, and 10, as well as the drills in Chapters 6, 7, 9, and 11.

SELF-ASSESSMENT: MY LEVEL OF MASTERY—
MATHEMATICAL REASONING
11. I want to refine my mastery of one or more of the following concepts of basic
arithmetic. Yes No
The number line
Rounding off
Multiplying positive and negative numbers
Absolute values
Order of operations (PEMDAS)
Commutative and distributive properties

Factors and multiples
Fractions
Decimals


Percents
12. I want to refine my mastery of one or more of the following concepts of applied
arithmetic. Yes No
Setup problems
Mean, median, mode, range, and weighted mean
Ratios and proportions
Rate problems
Scale and unit conversion
Charts and graphs
Exponents
Radicals
Scientific notation
Probability
Combinations and permutations
13. I want to refine my mastery of one or more of the following concepts of algebra.
Yes No
Simple equations
Inequalities
Translating English into math
Polynomials
Quadratic equations
Rational expressions
Simultaneous equations
Functions
14. I would like to learn a test-taking strategy that may, on certain algebra problems,

make those problems easier to solve. Yes No
15. I want to refine my mastery of one or more of the following concepts of geometry.
Yes No
Lines and angles
Rectangles and squares
Triangles and pyramids
Circles, spheres, cylinders, and cones


Setup geometry
Graphing (the coordinate plane)
Equation of a line

Road Map
If you answered Yes to question 11, complete Chapter 12 and all or the relevant parts
of Chapter 13.
If you answered Yes to question 12, complete Chapter 12 and all or the relevant parts
of Chapter 14.
If you answered Yes to question 13, complete Chapter 12 and all or the relevant parts
of Chapter 15.
If you answered Yes to question 14, complete the Backsolving section in Chapter 15.
If you answered Yes to question 15, complete Chapter 12 and all or the relevant parts
of Chapter 16.
Even if you answered No to any of questions 11 through 15, we recommend that you
complete Chapter 12, as well as the drills in Chapters 13 through 16.

SELF-ASSESSMENT: MY LEVEL OF MASTERY—SOCIAL
STUDIES
16. I want to refine my mastery of civics and government.
17. I want to refine my mastery of United States history.

18. I want to refine my mastery of economics.

Yes

No

19. I want to refine my mastery of geography.

Yes

No

Yes
Yes

No
No

Road Map
If you answered Yes to question 16, complete Chapter 17 and all or the relevant parts
of Chapter 18.
If you answered Yes to question 17, complete Chapter 17 and all or the relevant parts
of Chapter 18.
If you answered Yes to question 18, complete Chapter 17 and all or the relevant parts
of Chapter 19.


If you answered Yes to question 19, complete Chapter 17 and all or the relevant part
of Chapter 19.
Even if you answered No to any of questions 16 through 19, we recommend that you

complete Chapter 17, as well as the drills in Chapters 18 through 19.

SELF-ASSESSMENT: MY LEVEL OF MASTERY—SCIENCE
21. I want to refine my mastery of one or more of the following concepts of life sciences.
Yes No
The scientific method
Cell theory and the origins of life
Genetics
Evolution and natural selection
Plants
Ecosystems and food chains
The human body and human health
Bacteria and viruses
22. I want to refine my mastery of one or more of the following concepts of physical and
earth sciences. Yes No
Energy and heat
Physical laws, work, and motion
Waves and radiation
Solids, liquids, and gases
Chemical reactions
The changing earth
Glaciers, erosion, and the ice ages
Natural resources and sustainability
Fossils
Astronomy

Road Map
If you answered Yes to question 21, complete Chapter 20 and all or the relevant parts
of Chapter 21.

If you answered Yes to question 22, complete Chapter 20 and all or the relevant parts
of Chapter 22.
Even if you answered No to either of questions 21 or 22, we recommend that you
complete Chapter 20, as well as the drills in Chapters 21 and 22.

SELF-ASSESSMENT: MY SCORE GOALS
23. My goal is to achieve a Passing/College-Ready score.

Road Map
If you answered College-Ready, we recommend that you complete all chapters in this
book, without regard to the Road Maps above.
After you have completed the chapters according to your Road Map, you should take the
second practice test (Chapter 25). If the test indicates areas on which you should try to
further improve, revisit the appropriate chapters.
Also, remember that you have access to other resources as described on this page.
If you follow the steps outlined above, are diligent in your work, and assess your progress
throughout your preparation, by the time you sit for the GED® test, you should find it
familiar and manageable, and you should be able to take it with confidence!
Happy studies and best wishes for a successful future!


Chapter 2
All About the GED® Test
This chapter will summarize the structure, scoring, and look and feel of the GED® test,
and provide important information about other available resources.


WHAT IS THE GED® TEST?
The GED® test is actually four tests that you can take in one day or over a series of days.

Many people refer to it as a high school equivalency test because when you pass the test,
you earn a credential that most colleges and employers recognize as the equivalent of a
high school diploma.
G-E-D Spells Success!
Adults who earn a GED® credential can earn the same
level of weekly wages as high school graduates,
increasing their earning potential by about $115 a week.
(Source: GED Testing Service)

The questions on the test come in several formats, which we’ll describe in Chapter 3. The
questions are supposed to measure your knowledge of some of the subjects taught in high
school. However, the GED® test writers don’t expect you to remember specific details.
For example, you will not be asked what year Columbus came to America or which planet
is farthest away from the sun. If the test writers want to ask about Columbus, they will
first provide you with a short reading passage about him, and then they will ask questions
based on that passage. If the test writers want to ask about the planets, they will first give
you a diagram of the solar system and then ask you questions based on that diagram.

The Four GED® Tests

1. Reasoning Through Language Arts
(150 minutes, approximately 51 questions)
Section 1 (35 minutes)
Section 2: One Extended Response question (45 minutes)
Break (10 minutes)
Section 3 (60 minutes)
Sections 1 and 3 will contain a mixture of grammar and reading comprehension
questions. There will be six to eight reading passages with approximately six
questions each and two language passages with four drop-down questions in each.
The questions for the reading passages will be multiple choice or drag and drop.

The reading texts will be in this approximate distribution:


Informational Texts: 75%
Literature: 25%
In Section 2, you’ll be asked to write an essay analyzing two passages that present
different views on the same subject. You’ll be asked to develop an opinion and
support that opinion with specific examples from the text.

2. Mathematical Reasoning
(115 minutes, 46 questions)
Part 1 (first 5 questions): calculator not allowed
Part 2 (remaining 41 questions): calculator allowed
The Mathematical Reasoning test comes in two parts. In the first, you will not be
allowed to use a calculator. In the second, you will have access to the on-screen
calculator. The first section will test your ability to do basic calculations. In the
second section, you will be asked to answer questions common in many work
scenarios.
Many of these will be word problems. About one-half of the questions will be
based on diagrams or charts. These questions come in several formats including
multiple choice, fill in the blank, drag and drop, hot spot, and drop down. The test
will encompass the following mathematical concepts:
Quantitative Problem Solving
(arithmetic, averages, ratios, etc.): 45%
Algebraic Problem Solving: 55%

3. Social Studies
(70 minutes, approximately 35 questions)
You will find a mixture of passages, charts, graphs, and maps. The questions will
be in multiple-choice, hot-spot, drag-and-drop, and fill-in-the-blank formats. The

test will cover the following areas of social studies:
Government and Civics: 50%
U.S. History: 20%


Economics: 15%
Geography: 15%

Your GED® Credential Can Lead to a College
Degree!
About 95 percent of U.S. colleges and universities accept
GED® graduates in the same manner as high school
graduates.
(Source: GED Testing Service)

4. Science
(90 minutes, 1 section of approximately 34 questions)
The questions will be based on a variety of information ranging from short
passages to graphs and charts. The questions will be in multiple-choice, fill-in-theblank, drop-down, drag-and-drop, and hot-spot formats. You can also expect to see
two short-answer questions that will not be timed separately. (Note that, according
to GED Testing Service, short-answer questions are not expected to appear on the
test forms in 2018 but may be included on future Science tests.) The answers to
the questions are almost always supplied in the passages or graphic materials. You
need only a general knowledge of scientific principles. The questions will be about
these general areas of science:
Life Science: 40%
Physics and Chemistry: 40%
Earth and Space Science: 20%

Do You Have to Take the Test All at Once?

The GED Testing Service does not require that students take the test all in one sitting.
However, each state has its own rules about this. To find out what your state’s policies
are, visit www.gedtestingservice.com/testers/2014policypages.

How Is the GED® Test Scored?
For each of the four tests, you will receive a score between 100 and 200. Because each test
has a different number of available points, the GED Testing Service will standardize your
raw scores (or the number of questions you answered correctly for each test) through a