KEYWORD TABLE CAM 9 10 11

CAMBRIDGE9
TEST1



Keywordsinthe
Questions

Wordsinthetest

Meaning
thesearespecialruleswhichscientistsset,inthis
casethatlifeformswillbesimilartohumansin
manyways

1 assumptions

groundrules

2 likelihood

lifelihoodoflifeonotherplanets→thechance
besteducatedguess thatthereisonotherplanets,basedonwhatwe
alreadyknow

3 signals

radiowaves

alienswouldsendorreplytomessages/
signalsintheformofradiowaves

4 response

Reply

ifwereceiveamessagefromanaliencivilization,
weshould

5 lifeexpectancy

Lifetime

thelengthoftimethatalivingthing,especiallya
humanbeing,islikelytolive:thelengthofthe

6 overcome

dealwith

todefeatorsucceedincontrollingsomethingor
managesomesituationsuccessfully

7 resemble

belike

looklikesomeoneorsomething:alifeformthat
lookslikeus

8 inmanyways

prettywell

havingmanyofthesamecharacteristicsasus

9 promptly

immediately

weshouldnotreplytothesignalspromptly–we
shoulddelayourreply














HPACADEMY


Page1

CAMBRIDGE9
TEST1





Keywordsinthe
Questions
1 rich(a)

Wordsinthetest

Meaning

fortune(n)
Perkin’sscientificbreakthroughmadehimrichand
famous(broughthimfortuneandfame)

2 famous(a)

fame(n)

3 discovery

scientific
breakthrough

whensomethingnewandimportantisdiscovered,

thisisa“breakthrough”

4 potential

Possibilities

something with potential means that is possible
thatitwillbecomeimportantinsomeway

5 immediately

nearlyinstant

without waiting or thinking : Perkin immediately
understood that the new dye had commercial
possibilities

6 understand

Recognize

toknowthemeaningorimportanceofsomething:
Perkinknewthesignificanceofthenewdye

7 consult

askadvice

togetinformationoradvicefromaperson,book,
etc.withspecialknowledgeonaparticularsubject

8 now

Current

atthepresentmoment









HPACADEMY


Page2


CAMBRIDGE9
TEST1




Keywordsinthe
Questions

1

Transfer
(fromseatoland)

Wordsinthetest

Meaning

moveoutonto
(theland)

gofromseatoland

2 Before

Prior

the invasion of the land by planets came first,
beforeanimals

3 Bigchanges

amajorredesignof
everyaspectoflife

the two big physical changes were breathing and
reproduction

4 Ancestors

earliermarine
incarnation

the ancient ancestors of land animals who came
fromtheseaaretheir“earliermarineincarnation”

5 Lack

neverdeveloped

whales did not develop gills for breathing when
they returned to the sea – so they lacked these
gills

6 Resemble

looklike

thefossilslooklike/resemble/arelikedolphins

7 Migrateback

return

turtles migrated or went back to the sea a long
timeago

Incomplete
8

remains

fragments

small pieces of something, like some bones of an
animal, are fragments – we don’t have the
completeanimalparts

9 Recorded

Plot

when the direction of something is recorded, we
plotitonamaporgraph

10 Dense

tight

alotofpoints(intheupperpartofthetriangle)
veryclosetogether

11 Towardsthetop

intheupperpartof
thetriangle

in the triangle, all the points recorded were near
thetop

12 Ancientcreatures

fossils

theyareremainsoftortoisesfromalongtimeago,
preservedinrocksasfossils



HPACADEMY


Page3


CAMBRIDGE9
TEST2



Keywordsinthe
Questions

Wordsinthetest

Meaning

1 achievement

Success

neuroeconomics studies the brain’s secrets to
success / achievement in an economic
environment

2 distinctive

different

iconoclastsaredifferentfromtheotherpeoplein
3distinctways

3 efficiently

inthequickestway

4 relyon
5 previousevents

drawon
pastexperience

6 cognitive

Perceptual

7 differentevents

8 thinkdifferently

9

areunusually
receptiveto

10 newexperiences
11

apsychological
illness

12 groups



groupsdecideon
anaction

HPACADEMY


whenconfrontedwithinformationstreamingfrom
the eyes, the brain will interpret this information
inthequickestwaypossible/efficiently
it will draw on both past experience / previous
eventsandanyothersourceofinformation

connected with thinking or conscious mental
processes
thingsit(thebrain) the best way to see things differently to other

hasnever
people is to bombard the brain with things it has
encounteredbefore never encountered before / different events ‘ A
=novelty
newthing/experienceisanovelty
makenew
novelty forces the brain to make new judgments
judgments
/thinkdifferently
havean
extraordinary
successful iconoclasts have an extraordinary
willingnesstobe
willingness to be exposed to / are unusually
exposedto
receptive to / open to new experiences, things
thataredifferent
whatisfreshand
different
fearofpublicspeakingmakesittoocommontobe
amentaldisorder
considered a psychological illness / a mental
problemofsomekind
neuroscience has revealed which brain circuits /
group are responsible for functions like
Circuits
understandingwhatotherpeoplethink,empathy,
fairness,andsocialidentity
groupscoordinate
decisionmaking

whengroupsofpeopledecideonsomecourseof
actiontogether,theycoordinatetheirefforts

Page4


CAMBRIDGE9
TEST2




Keywordsinthe
Questions

Wordsinthetest

Meaning

1 policyinitiative

Strategy

aplantoimproveeducation

2 aglobalteam

aninternational
workingparty

aglobalteam/aninternationalworkingpartyhas
been established to evaluate noise and
reverberationcontrolforschoolrooms

heightenednoise
levels

thereismorenoiseinclassrooms

4 suitable

appropriate

acceptable or right for someone or something :
suitable/appropriate/acceptablestandards

5 worldwide

international

existingorhappeninginallpartsoftheworld

6 regulations

standards

rulesthatshouldbeobeyed

7 atrisk

vulnerable

children with disabilities face more dangers and
difficulties

8 proportion

%,percentage

between6and10outofevery100childrenhave
somehearingloss

3

growthin
classroomnoise

9 auditoryproblems hearingloss

“auditory”referstotheabilitytohearsomething

10 upset

painful,distressing

crowd noise and the noise generated by
machinerymakechildrenwithautismfellpainand
distress/upsetthem

undiagnosed

manyundiagnosedchildrenexistintheeducation
systemwith“invisible”disabilities

12 teachingmethod

teachingpractice

aparticularwayofteaching

13 coolingsystem

mechanicalmeans
ofventilation

suchasair-conditioning

11

havenotbeen
diagnosed





HPACADEMY

Page5


CAMBRIDGE9
TEST2




Keywordsinthe
Questions

Wordsinthetest

Meaning

ruleoutanyattempt

prevented a transit observation / ruled out any
attemptatmakingaccurateobservations

2 discoveries

breakthroughs

one of the most vital breakthroughs / discoveries
in the cosmos – detecting earth – sized planets
orbitingotherstars

3 leadingonfrom

pavedthewayfor

after the transit observations, it then became
possibletomakeaccurateobservations

1 prevent

4 failedtoovercome madeitimpossible
5

thedistanceofthe
theAU
SunfromtheEarth

withafairdegree
6
ofaccuracy
7 workout

orbit(orbital)

9 unable

impossible

makeany
10
calculations

makingaccurate
observations

passinfrontofthe
crosstheSun’sdisc
Sun

12 distorted

theAU=theastronomicalunit

reasonably accurate for the time / with a fair
reasonableaccurate degree of accuracy, that is quite close to today’s
value
calculating the angle would allow astronomers to
calculate,measure measure/workoutthedistanceoftheEarthfrom
theSun

8 goaround

11

when the instruments could not overcome these
problems, it was impossible to make accurate
observations

smeared,not
circular

aplanetgoesaround/orbitsthesun

owing to movement of the ship, Le Gentil was
unabletomakeanycalculations
VenusbeginstocrosstheSun’sdisc/Venusstarts
topassinfrontoftheSun
it(Venus)lookssmeared(nolongerclear),not
circular/theshapeofVenusappearsdistorted





HPACADEMY


Page6


CAMBRIDGE9
TEST3



Keywordsinthe
Questions

Wordsinthetest

Meaning
Linguistic education means education related to
language

1 language

Linguistic

2 small

Minor

3 affect

influence

4 stillexist(today)

bestillwithus

5 itispointlesstotry

attemptthe
impossibletasks

If a task is impossible, it is no use [ = pointless ]
attempting/tryingtodoit

Halt
paintingunreal

Stop/haltlanguagechange

6 stop
7 Misrepresented
8 conversely
9 popularspeech



picturesofthe
other
Nevertheless
thecustomof
speaking

Argumentscanstartaseasilyoverminorpointsof
usageasovermajorpoliciesoflinguisticeducation
Linguistic factors influence how we judge
intelligence / Our assessment of a person’s
intelligenceisaffectedby…
Prescriptivism still exists today / These attitudes
arestillwithus

Both descriptivists and prescriptivists have been
misrepresented / painted unreal pictures of the
otheropinion
However
Thenormalmannerinwhichpeoplespeakshould
determinethegrammarthatisacceptable

HPACADEMY


Page7


CAMBRIDGE9
TEST3



Keywordsinthe
Questions

Wordsinthetest

Meaning

1 Site

station

Place : the first test site / station to test the
designs

2 bringback

re-import

PowerwouldgofirsttotheFrenchelectricitygrid
andthenacablewouldbringitbackintoBritain

3 reliable

predictable

The same amount of power would be produced
becausewecanrelyonthetidestobeconstant

4 cutdownon

reduce

Carbon dioxide emissions will be lower because
thisrenewableenergywouldcutdownon/reduce
theemissions

5 plant

station

Afactoryinwhichaparticularproductismadeor
powerisproduced:powerplant/powerstation

a
means
of
6 increasing national exportearner
income

Power from the undersea turbines could be
exported to other countries to earn money for
Britain

7 raise

lift

The towers will be designed to be lifted / raised
out of the water for maintenance and to clean
seaweedfromtheblades

8 comparatively

relatively

Compared with a wind turbine, the blades would

turnquiteslowly









HPACADEMY


Page8


CAMBRIDGE9
TEST3




Keywordsinthe
Questions

1 transmission(n)
2 unnecessary

Wordsinthetest
passalong

communication
channels
Superfluous=
redundant

Meaning
Information is passed along = transmitted along
thesechannels
Strip out / omit / leave out superfluous
(redundant) / unnecessary bits from data which
contributelittlerealinformation/data

3 information

Data

4 omit

stripout=leaveout

5 incident

Event

This incident was the launch of Voyager 1, the
spaceprobe

setout

Hesetoutwithanapparentlysimpleaim/initially

intendedtoachieveanapparentlysimpleaim

7 achieve(v)

aim(n)

Ifwewanttoachivesomething,thisisouraim

8 transmit

sendback

9 picture

Imagine

Sent back / transmitted spectacular images
picturesofJupiterandSaturn

10 leave

soaroutof

11 beaboutto

beonthebrinkof

12 stopworking

Fail

Sensorsandcircuitswereonthebrinkoffailing/
wereabouttostopworking

13 Tell

Instruct

TheyhadtotellVoyager1whattodo

14 replace

changethefailing
parts

Use spares to change the failing parts / replace
themwithspares

15 transmit

sendout

Themessagewassentout/transmitthemessage

6

initiallyintended
to

16 startingpoint(n) hesetoutwith

Soaredoutof/lefttheSolarSystem.“Soar”gives
thepoeticideaofflyingveryhighinthesky

Whenwe“setout”todosomething,westartto
do it – in this case to find out the meaning of
“information”


HPACADEMY


Page9


CAMBRIDGE9
TEST4


Keywordsinthe
Questions

1 aparticularstudy

2 imitation(n)

3

oneexperiment

mimic(v)

developingasense aredistinctfrom
ofidentity
otherpeople

identifyastatic
4 imageof
themselves
5 features
6

Wordsinthetest

relationshipswith
otherpeople

7 mastery(n)
8 aggressive
9 reflection

Meaning
In one experiment, the researchers studied the
reactionsofchildreninfrontofamirror
When other people copy / imitate what children
do, this makes the sense of identity of children
stronger
As children understand that they are distinct /
different from other people, they learn that they
havetheirownodentity

recognize theselves
visually without the Know/perceivesomething:childrenbecomeable
support of seeing to recognize / identify / themselves visually even
contingent
whentheyarenotmoving
movement
The examples given are trustworthiness, shyness
characteristics
orsportingability
Children build up their sense of identify from the
socialexperience
reactionsofotherstothem
Childrenlearntomaster/controlthingsliketoys
control(v)
oreventhebehavioroftheotherpeople
frustrationand
Young children may struggle to have a toy and
anger
becomeangryandaggressive
movementsinthe
Lewis and Brooks-Gunn suggest that infants’
mirror
developing understanding that the movements

10 observe

see

11 contribute

leadto

they see in the mirror are contingent on their
own, leads to a growing awareness that they are
distinct from other people / Observing their own
reflectioncontributestochildren’sselfawareness

12 problems

difficulties

Itisdifficult/itisaproblemtounderstandyoung
children because it is not easy to communicate
withthem

13 disputes

disagreement

As children become more self aware, they may
fightovertheownershipofthings

HPACADEMY


Page10


CAMBRIDGE9

TEST4




Keywordsinthe
Questions

Wordsinthetest

Meaning
Museum have now “altered” their ideas about
howhistoryshouldbepresented

1 views

attitudes

2 fewerdifferences

thesharpdistinction
Museums and theme parks are now both using
isgradually
ideasfromeachother
evaporating

3 peopleincharge

thosewhoare
professionally

engagedintheart
ofinterpreting
history

Thepeopleinchargearethosewhosejobitisto
interprethistoryandmakemuseumsandheritage
sitesattractiveandinteresting

4 thepublic

theordinaryvisitor

Museums were not primarily intended for the
public/theordinaryvisitor

5 balance

steeranarrow
course

Museums must present evidence, but it an
attractiveway,balancingboththings

Conflicting
6
priorities

evidenceand
attractiveness

It is something difficult to choose which is most
important – to provide evidence or to make the
museumavisitorattraction

7 presentbeliefs

contemporary
perceptions

8 reveal

tell

9 thepast

ourancestors

Ourancestorsarethepeoplewholivedbeforeus,
earlierinthepast

10 falseimpression

bias

Onlyonesideofthestoryifpresented,therefore
the image of how people lived in the past is not
accurateorfair

Such presentations tell us more about
contemporaryperceptions/presentbeliefsofthe

worldthanaboutourancestors


HPACADEMY


Page11


CAMBRIDGE9
TEST4




Keywordsinthe
Questions

1 teachingposition

Wordsinthetest

professorship

Meaning
Marie became the first woman to teach at the
Sorbonne, becoming a professor there after her
husbanddied

2 medicaltechnique treatment

The use of drugs, exercises, etc. to cure a person
ofanillnessorinjury:X-radiographywasusedas
a medical technique / a treatment for the
woundedsoldiers

3 collect

accumulate

Marieknewthatitwasnecessarytocollectalotof
radioactivematerial

4 Collect

accumulate

To collect a large quantity of things over a long
period of time : accumulate / collect intense
radioactivesources/material

5 contributedto

madeadecisive
contributionto

The radioactive material at the Radium Institute
wasveryimportantformakinglatediscoveries

HPACADEMY


Page12


CAMBRIDGE10
TEST1


Keywordsinthe
Questions

Wordsinthetest

Meaning

1 rapidgrowth

spectaculargrowth

Thenumberofcarscontinuestogrowveryquickly
anddramatically–figuresaregiven

2 privatetransport

Car

Carsarethemostpopularmeansofprivate
transport

3 fresh

New

Somenewmeasureshavebeenproposed

4 Goal

Objective

Somethingwhichmustbedone–developinga
sustainabletransportsystem

sustainable

Cancontinueforalongtime–itwilltakeuntil
2040todevelopatransportsystemthatwillnot
damagetheenvironment

6 environment

Ecological

Reducingemissionswillreducetheeffectonthe

environmentandisnecessaryifplantsand
animalsaretosurviveinfuture

7 charging

Pricing

Makingitmoreexpensivetotravelbyroad,by
makingpeoplepaymoney

8 alone

Solely

Onlydependingonroadtransport

9 restrict

Curb

Limitthegrowthofroadtransport

10 improve

increasethe
efficiencyof

Makeothertransportmodesbetter

11 method

Mode

Otherwaystorestrictthegrowthofroad
transportusinglogistics,technology

12 need

requirement

Demandfortransportcontinuetoincrease

13 grow

Rise

Goup

information
technologies

Theexamplesgivenareteleworkingand
teleservices

15 moved

Relocation

Someindustrieshavebeenmovedtoanew
location

16 arepredictedto

canbeexpectedto

Peoplethinkthatthesefigureswillincrease



5 long-term

14

technological
developments


HPACADEMY


Page13


CAMBRIDGE10
TEST1



Keywordsinthe
Questions

Wordsinthetest

Meaning

1 Ancient

duringthesixthand
seventhcenturies/a
bygoneera

Thesestepwellsareveryold

2 Stepwells

stepwells

A series of stone steps from the ground down
towherethereiswater

3 allovertheworld

uniquetothisregion

FoundonlyinthispartofIndia

arangeof
4
functions

placesofgathering,of
leisureandrelaxation
andofworship

The stepwells had many uses or function for
villagepeople

5 Shade

shelterfromtheheat…

These buildings – pavilions – protected those
whousedthestepwellsfromthehotsun

eight–yeardrought

In southern Rajasthan there was no rain for 8
years–thisdryperiodiscalleda“drought”.Itis
aseriouseventwhichrelatestotheclimate

6 climaticevent

7 frequentvisitor

tourist

8 Nowadays

today

9 Excellent

pristine

10

geometrical
pattern

geometricalformation

The tourists “flock” to the stepwells. This
means that large numbers of them visit these
sites
Thestepwellislikeatank,athingwhichstores
water, rather than a well is something which
goesdownintotheground
This stepwell today is in pristine condition,
whichmeansthat–afterrestoration–itisnow
perfect
The steps go down in a regular way, following
straightlines,likeingeometry

resemble

Thestepwellislikeatank,athingwhichstores
water,ratherthanawell–awellissomething
whichgoesdownintotheground

12 provideaviewof

overlook

The verandas are quite high, because they are
builtonpillars,sotheylookoverthestepsand
giveaviewofthem

13 levels

storeys

“ Storeys ” are levels of a structure, such as a
building[ablockofapartments,forexample]

11 lookmorelike



HPACADEMY


Page14


CAMBRIDGE10
TEST1

Keywordsinthe
Questions

Wordsinthetest

Meaning

deepen

Makeeveryindividualengagedintheprojectfeel
morestronglyinvolvedinitssuccess

engagementin

Whenpeoplesupportsomethingwiththeireffort
andtime[bywriting,inthisexample],theyshow
thattheyfeelinvolvedinmakingitsuccessful

3 playitsafe

avoidrisk

Faced with a difficult or unknown situation, we
rely on what we know, and do not try something
new

4 takegambles

takechances

Putyourselfinasituationinwhichyoumightwin
oryoumightlose

5 dominant

overbearing

A person who imposes ideas on others, without
listeningtothemisdominantoroverbearing

6 liableto

canhappen

Ifsomethingisliabletotakeplace,thismeansthat
itislikelytohappen

7 Share

interchange

Exchangeideaswithotherpeople

8 mostpeople

ealmostevery
individual

Almosteveryone

9 havepotential

can

Have the possibility to become something or do
something

10 Manager

boss

Leader,head

11 Persuasive

powerful

If an argument is persuasive, it is strong or
powerful enough to change the opinion of other
people

12 Colleague

peer

Thosewhoworktogetherinagroup

1 Strengthen

2 commitmentto

HPACADEMY


Page15


CAMBRIDGE10
TEST2





Keywordsinthe
Questions

Wordsinthetest

Meaning

1 Massproduction

printouthuge
numbers

A great number of texts, produced as a result of
“technologicaldevelopments”

2 mostimportant

mainly

Thereaderisconcerned,“mainly”withtheideas
–theyarethemostimportantthing

3 underlyingideas

themeaningof
words

The meaning that the writer implies and the
reader“interprets”

4 happy

content

Showingsatisfaction

5 assistant

apprentice

Someonewhoworksforsomeoneelsetodoajob,
especiallyinordertolearntheskills

6 copy

reproduction

Theprocessofcopyingsomething

7 thepublic

visitors

Thevisitorstomuseums

8 unlike

afundamental
difference

Visitorsshouldfeelfreetosaywhattheythinkof
paintings

9 thosewithpower

hosewhoseekto
maintainand
control

Powerfulpeopleintheartworldwillnotmakeart
more accessible to visitors by putting
reproductionsofworksofartinmuseums

HPACADEMY

Page16


CAMBRIDGE10
TEST2




Keywordsinthe
Questions

1 Conditions

Wordsinthetest

Meaning

Factors

The different factors mentioned explain why
conditions were present in Britain for industrial
growth

2

increasein
population

populationgrowth

Thenumberofpeoplegoesup

3

industrial
revolution

Industrialization

Theprocessofdevelopingindustries

4 Fear

beafraid

Feeling worried about the possible results of a
particularsituation

5 Unemployment

outofwork

Thestateofhavingnojobs

6 preventdysentery

succumbingto

dysentery

Wearetoldthatdysenteryisadiseasethatresults
whenyoudrinkdirtywater.Teahelpedtoprevent
this,andsopeopledidnotfallillor“succumbto”
dysentery

7 deathrate

mortalityrate

The number of people who die in a particular
grouporareainaparticularperiodoftime







HPACADEMY


Page17


CAMBRIDGE10
TEST2

Keywordsinthe
Questions

Wordsinthetest

Meaning

1 domestic

home

Domestic=connectedwiththehomeorfamily

2 Overdirect

toomuchguidance

Teachers who overdirect pupils try to help or
guidethemtomuch

3 anxiety

fear

An uncomfortable felling of fear and worry – in
this case anxiety that you might do something
wrong

4 technique

method/practice

Eawayofdoinganactivity

Socially
5
disadvantaged

deprived

Not having the things that are necessary for a
pleasantlife,suchasenoughmoney,foodorgood
livingconditions

6 self-reliance

independence

Theabilitytoliveyourlifewithoutbeinghelpedor
influencedbyotherpeople

7 goals

thehighestlevelof
expertise

Goalsarethingsthatyouwanttoachieve,inthis
casereachingahigherstandard

harness(v)

To direct something into a particular place or
situation, to control something : “ channel their
feeling”

improvetheir
learningefficiency

If they learn more efficiently, this will of course
helppupilstolearnbetter

10 support(n)

backup(n)

Agreementwithandencouragementforchildren’s
education

11 successful

achieveathighlevel Succeedingettingtheresultswantedorhopefor

8 channel(v)

9

assisttheir
learning

HPACADEMY


Page18


12

aconsiderable
amount

agreatdeal

Alot

13 subject

specificdomain

“adomain”isanareaofknowledge,forexample
aparticularsubjectatschool

14 strongconnection

closerelationship

The state of being closely related to someone or
somethingelse

15 direction

regulation

Instructionsabouthowtothinkorstudy

16 donothave

lack(v)–
lack(n)of

Lack of internal regulation – they cannot direct
theirownlearning

17 understand

identify

If they identify their learning skills, children
understandthewaythattheylearn

18 extremelyhigh

impressive

Extremelyhigh/impressiveexaminationresults

19 test

examination

Awayofcheckingastudent’sknowledgeorskillin
aparticularsubject










HPACADEMY


Page19


CAMBRIDGE10
TEST3



Keywordsinthe
Questions

Wordsinthetest

Meaning

1 abandoned

derelict

(buildingsorplaces)arenotcaredforandarein
badcondition–aplantationinthepassage

2 cemetery

burialground

A place where people are buried in the ground
whentheydie

3 significant

important

Animportant/significantarchaeologicaldiscovery

4 accidentally

onlybychance

The cemetery was a chance discovery – nobody
waslookingforitatthetime

5 Take

carry

The Lapita took / carried with them everything
theywouldneedtobuildanewlife

6 animals

livestock

Animalsandbirdsthatarekeptonafarm,suchas
cows,sheep,orchickens

7 bones

remains

Pieces or parts of bones that continue to exist
when most of it has been used, destroyed, or
takenaway

beyondthepoint
8 wherelandis
visible

beyond the point TheLapitasailedtoapointwheretheycouldsee
wherelandisvisible noland,onlytheocean

9 aprevailingwind

againstthewind

A prevailing wind blows in your face, so it is
difficulttosailwiththewindagainstthedirection
youwanttogo

10 Halt

callitquits

Stop

HPACADEMY


Page20


CAMBRIDGE10
TEST3



Keywordsinthe
Questions

Wordsinthetest

Meaning

importance

Tourism today has growth significantly in both
economicandsocialimportance

hiddenorobscured

The economic effects of tourism are difficult to
understand,becausetheyarehidden

3 effect

impact

Theresultofaparticularinfluence

4 world

international

Countries all over the world take part in the
touristtrade

5 hide

obscure

To make something difficult to discover and
understand

6 showstatistically

provide
precise, Accuratedataarerequiredtoreliablestatisticsof
validorreliabledata economiceffects

1 significance

2

7

difficultyof
recognizing

themost
important

8 problem

Major = number Tourismisthemostimportantsourceofincomein
oneranked
Greeceandmanyothercountries

difficulty

The problems associated with measuring
international tourism are often reflected in the
measurementofdomestictourism

HPACADEMY


Page21


CAMBRIDGE10
TEST3






Keywordsinthe
Questions

Wordsinthetest

Meaning

1 Autumn

Fall

(thewordshavethesamemeaning)

2 Drop

Discard

Loseleaves

Clue

Asignorsomethinginformationthathelpsyouto
find the answer to a problem, question, or to
mystery

Thereddest

Theleaveswhichhavethebrightestredcolour

5 Surface

side

Thesurfaces/sidesofleaves

6 mostabundant

thebestconditions
forredcolors

Therewillbemostredcolorswheretheconditions
arebest–sotheredleaveswillbemostabundant
intheseconditions

7 gofurther

themove(north)
youtravel

As you go / travel more and more north, the
leavesonthetreesaremoreandmorered

8 seemtocontradict soundparadoxical

The idea appears to be the opposite of what we
know about chlorophyll, but still the idea is
possiblytrue

9 colors

Hues=particularshadesofcolors

3 Evidence

4

themostvividly
coloredred

Hues

HPACADEMY


Page22


CAMBRIDGE10
TEST4




Keywordsinthe
Questions

Wordsinthetest

Meaning

1 modified

Qualified

the idea was changed little because of new
findings

2 characteristic

trait=character

a typical or noticeable quality of someone or
something

3 re-emerge

Reappear

appearagain

fitswith

theevidencesupportsraff’stheory

5 severaltimes

onmorethanone
occasion

the features have been lost and regained more
thanonce

6 reversible

runbackwards

ifsomethingisreversible,itcanbechangedback

towhatitwasbefore

7 views

convictions

strongopinionsorbeliefsaboutsomething

8 thequestion

thepuzzle

the question of how certain long-lost traits could
reappear

9 different

unrelated

speciesthatarenotthesame

10 oneexplanation

anotherpossibility

his findings can be explained by one possible
theory

11 long-losttraits

ancestralfeatures

features possessed by ancient ancestors which
havebeenfoundagain

4

suggestthat…is
correct




HPACADEMY


Page23


CAMBRIDGE10
TEST4




Keywordsinthe
Questions

Wordsinthetest

Meaning

1 Personality

character

Thetypeofpersonyouare,shownbythewayyou
behave,feel,think

2 beimpossible

cannot

Cannothappenorbeachieved

determined

A person’s character cannot be changed or
transformed–onlywhentheyareveryyoung.Itis
fixed

3 Fixed

4

lesschallengingto oneoftheeasiestto Optimism is not as difficult to develop as other
develop
acquire
qualitiesofpersonality

5

a(wide)variety
of

arangeof

Anumberofdifferent(skills)

6 Happiness

joy

Thefeelingofbeinghappy

7 Feel

experience

Whenwefeelemotions,weexperiencethem

8 Accept

tolerate

Ifweacceptasituation,wetolerateit

9 activelynotice

payattentionto

Itispossibletonoticesomethingbyaccidentbutif
we notice something actively, we are looking out
forit

10 goodthings

positivethings

Positivethingsaregoodthings–shesaysthatyou
shouldwritedown3oftheseeachday

HPACADEMY


Page24


11 Happen

comeabout

If something comes about, this means that it
actuallyhappens

12 Learn

acquire

Getsomething(knowledge)

13 responsibility

moramoralmoral
obligation

Something that it is your duty to deal with or to
carryout

14 shyness

rreticereticence

Areticentpersondoesnotliketospeakinfrontof
alotofpeople

15 rationalthinking

judgment

The ability to form valuable opinions and make
gooddecisions

16 asenseofduty

moralobligation

Somethingthatwethinkweshoulddo,becauseit
istherightthingtodo

HPACADEMY


Page25