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Unit 3

THE GREEN MOVEMENT

VOCABULARY
1) Match the words below with their definitions.
1. sustainability

a) the act of keeping something in its original state or in good
condition

2. clutter

b) to make something full again by replacing what has been used

3. preservation

c) the use of natural products and energy in a way that does not
harm the environment

4. purification

d) a lot of things in an untidy state, especially things that are not
necessary or are not being used

5. replenish

e) not harmful to the environment

6. deplete

f) the process of making something pure by removing substances
that are dirty, harmful or not wanted

7. dispose of

g) the way in which a person or a group of people lives and works

8. geothermal

h) to reduce something by a large amount so that there is not
enough left

9. eco-friendly

i) connected with the natural heat of rock deep in the ground

10. lifestyle

j) to get rid of somebody/something that you do not want or cannot
keep

2 Complete the sentences with the words from Exercise 1. You may have to
change their form if necessary.
1. ___________ products do not harm the environment and help conserve energy.
2. Radioactive waste must be___________ safely.
3. He’s responsible for ___________ food and water supplies.
4. The council has placed a ___________ order on the building.
5. They made a firm commitment to environmental ___________.
6. Could you get rid of some of that ___________ in your bedroom?
7. Those water___________ tablets contain perfectly safe chemical treatment for

unsafe water.
8. If we continue to ___________ the earth’s natural resources, we will cause serious
damage to the environment.
9. There’s a___________ power station near his house.


10. The city ___________ seems to suit her - she’s certainly looking very well.
3 Choose the correct answer.
1. Renewable ___________ may also include goods commodities such as wood, paper
and leather.
A. resources

B. production

C. electricity

D. conservation

2. Poisonous gases are produced during fossil fuel___________.
A. energy

B. combustion

C. process

D. burn

3. The fireplace was blackened with ___________.
A. white

B. snow

C. chalk

D. soot

4. Children who develop ___________ find it difficult to breath.
A. cold

B. fever

C. asthma

D. headaches

5. ___________ can be used as a source of energy and it most often refers to plants or
plant-based materials which are not used for food or feed.
A. Nylon

B. Biology

C. Biography

D. Biomass

6. ___________ is an infection of the main airways of the lungs (bronchi), causing
them to become irritated and inflamed.
A. Bronze

B. Bronchitis

C. Bronchi

D. Pneumonia

7. With so many areas of woodland being cut down, a lot of wildlife is losing its
natural ___________.
A. conditional

B. habitual

C. habitat

D. habits

8. Do you want to get rid of the ___________ on your walls, and prevent them from
coming back?
A. mould and mildew

B. dirty

C. impure

D. meek and mild

9. You can avoid ___________ chemicals when you use our shopper’s guide.
A. danger

B. hazard

C. harm

D. harmful

10. A ___________ is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living
organism - that is, found in nature.
A. waste product

B. natural product

C. beauty product

D. household product

4. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Their country is trying to achieve ___________ economic growth. (sustain)


2. Energy ___________ reduces your fuel bills and helps the environment. (conserve)
3. One of the functions of the kidneys is to ___________ the blood. (purification)
4. There’s a need for the___________ of existing computer equipment in their office.
(replace)
5. The ___________ of hazardous substances must be carried out carefully. (dispose)
6. The government pays special attention to the ___________ of a healthy lifestyle,
(promote)
7. People are encouraged to use eco-friendly ___________. (produce)
8. Oxygen, fresh water, solar energy, timber, and biomass are ___________ resources.
(renew)
9. Some areas of the country are just too cold to be ___________. (habitat)
10. Fibers (e.g. cotton, silk), fuels (e.g. oil and natural gas) and construction materials

such as wood and rubber are ___________ products. (nature)
5. Write the opposites of the words below.
1. keep

d___________

2. destruction

c___________

3. dishonor

p___________

4. deplete

r___________

5. man-made

n___________

6. safe

h___________

7. contagion

p___________

8. emit

a___________

9. increase

r___________

10. allow

p___________

6. Complete the text with the words from the box.
human creatures

preserving

environment environmental

Earth Day

natural

eco-activists

The (1) ___________ Movement and Earth Day center
Inspired by the protests and “teach-ins” that were occurring worldwide throughout the
1960s, Senator Gaylord Nelson proposed in 1969 that there be a nationwide grassroots
demonstration on behalf of the [2] ___________ - and in Nelson’s words, “The

response was electric. It took off like gangbusters.” Thus was born the event now
known as (3) ___________ .
On April 22, 1970, the first celebration of Earth Day took place on a glorious spring
day, and the event was a tremendous success. Millions of Americans coast to coast
took part in parades, concerts, speeches and fairs devoted to (4) ___________ the (5)
___________ heritage of the United States and the entire world.
In a speech that day, Nelson stated, “Our goal is an environment of decency, quality,
and mutual respect for all other (6) ___________ and for all living creatures.” Earth
Day is now celebrated worldwide and has become an environmental touchstone for
two generations of (7) ___________.
GRAMMAR
1. Mark the following sentences simple, compound or complex.
1. We have to go to bed when the clock chimes 10 o’clock.

________

2. Jennifer likes William’s friends, and she also likes his cousin.

________

3. The big brown dog ran after the blue and red ball.

________

4. James and Eve rode their bicycles after they had lunch.

________

5. The teacher and the principle met in the hall near the library.

________

6. Many brave soldiers fought in the war, and they received medals.

________

7. The drummers played a long time, but the pianists stopped early.

________

8. After midnight the ghosts will come out of the haunted attic.

________

9. Before the Queen rode in the parade, she gave a speech.

________

10. She dropped the pan and the plate, but she held on to the spoon.

________

2. Expand the following simple sentences into compound and complex sentences.
Use your own ideas.
1. He has got a house.
 He has got a house, but he hasn’t got a car.
 He has got a house which is located near the city centre.
2. She travelled to Sydney last week.
_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
3. I had a lot of fun at the party.
_____________________________________________________________________


_____________________________________________________________________
4. I’m learning to drive now.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
5. My computer isn’t working now.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
6. She wouldn’t help me.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
7. That place doesn’t attract the man.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
8. It’s such a small car.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3) Expand the following sentences, using the subordinating conjunction in brackets.
1. They couldn’t make a cake. (because)

________________________________

2. The tiger went hunting. (when)

________________________________

3. Our teacher graded the papers. (while)

________________________________

4. The ghost floated up the stairs. (until)

________________________________

5. We’re going to the circus. (if)

________________________________

6. The colorful parrot flew into the tree.

________________________________

(when)

________________________________

7. Susan laughed loudly at the circus.

________________________________

(because)

________________________________

8. The cowboy rode a black horse

________________________________

through the town. (where)

________________________________

9. I often eat salad. (since)

________________________________

10. She will dance in the show. (unless)

________________________________

4) Decide whether to use which”, “that” or “which”.
Saturday night out


1. Last night, some friends and I went out for some fun ___________ was a good way
to end the week.
2. We wanted to have some fun ___________ would be relaxing after a long difficult
week of exams.
3. My older cousin came along too. ___________ was pretty cool.
4. We went to see a movie ___________ was silly but entertaining.
5. We got lost in the city ___________ I used to know so well.
6. We got lost in the city___________ caused us to be very late.
7. Then I dropped my keys down a drain on the street was careless.
8. We tried to reach the keys with a long coat hanger ___________ we opened into a
long hook.
9. We couldn’t read the keys no matter what we tried and ___________ frustrated us.

10. So we called a taxi ___________ took us all home.
11. We returned the next day to fish the keys out of the storm drain

___________was

easier in daylight.
5. Connect an independent clause with a suitable which-clause. There may be
more than one answer.
1. He drank too much
2. It was raining yesterday
3. He never admits his mistakes
4. She seemed more talkative than usual
5. She cycled from London to Glasgow
6. He got married again a year later
7. Chris did really well in his exams
8. My friends were all hiding in my
apartment
9. She’s studying to become a doctor
10. My friend eventually decided to get
divorced

a) , which was because she was nervous.
b) , which is pretty good for a woman of
75.
c) , which is why he was sick.
d) , which was rather a pity.
e) , which isn’t what I’d expected.
f) , which is extremely annoying.
g) , which is difficult.
h) , which upset me a lot.

i) , which surprised everyone.
j) , which is quite a surprise.

READING
1 Read the text and choose the correct answer.
______________________
Soot poses tremendous harms to public health, particularly because of its size.
Particulate matter is so small that it can easily enter your lungs and bloodstream,


potentially causing damage in a number of ways. The Environmental Protection
Agency describes the process of soot harming the human body: “Microscopic particles
can penetrate deep into the lungs and have been linked to a wide range of serious
health effects, including premature death, heart attacks, and strokes, as well as acute
bronchitis and aggravated asthma among children.” The American Lung Association
adds that breathing particle pollution can potentially cause “cancer and developmental
and reproductive harm.” Nearly 6 million people in the United States live in an area
with unhealthy year-round levels of particle pollution. The most vulnerable members
of the population are children, the elderly, low-income communities, and people with
pre-existing heart and lung diseases. Healthy adults, however, can also suffer from its
adverse effects.
______________________
Soot causes several environmental problems, such as haze and the acidification of
lakes: and rivers. Haze is formed when sunlight interacts with small particles in the
atmosphere. Soot is the primary cause of haze, which severely decreases visibility in
U.S. cities and national parks. As a result the EPA estimates that visibility in national
parks ; and other scenic areas in the eastern United States has been reduced from a 90mile distance to just 15-25 miles. Fine particle pollution negatively impacts the natural
beauty of such national treasures by robbing us of color, distance, and hue, and
negatively harms the health of visitors and residents. Haze can also hurt tourism by
discouraging visits, which causes economic damage.

Particle pollution is also correlated to acid rain. The same compounds from soot that
react in the air to form haze - sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides - can mix with
atmospheric moisture to acidify precipitation. Carried by the wind or in the water, this
acidified pollution degrades water quality by making lakes and rivers more acidic,
depleting the nutrients in the soil and damaging sensitive farm crops, and changing the
nutrient balance in river basins, along coastlines, and in forests.
Acidification through soot pollution can also stain stone and erode it, slowly
discoloring and damaging important national monuments and iconic buildings.
1. What would be the best heading for Paragraph 1?
A. What is soot?
B. How is soot produced?


C. Why is soot a problem for public health?
D. What are the benefits from the soot rule?
2. The word “tremendous” in Paragraph 1 means
A. lasting

B. permanent

C. minor

D. considerable

3. Where in your body can microscopic particles enter?
A. Your kidneys

B. Your livers

C. Your hearts

D. Your lungs

4. What are two organisations mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A. The Environmental Protection Agency and the American Diabetes Association.
B. The Environmental Protection Agency and the American Lung Association.
C. The American Lung Association and the Animal Protection League.
D. The American Lung Association and the Environmental Protection Act.
5. According to the text, how many people in the United States are badly affected by
particle pollution?
A. 6 million

B. 1.5 million

C. 9 million

D. 2.5 million

6. What would be the best heading for the rest of the text?
A. Why is soot a problem for public health?
B. How is soot produced?
C. Why is soot an environmental problem?
D. What are the benefits from the soot rule?
7. Which is TRUE according to Paragraph 2?
A. Haze causes soot.

B. Soot doesn’t harm the health of visitors.

C. Haze reduces visibility in U.S. cities.

D. Soot doesn’t cause the acidification of

lakes.
8. How can soot cause acidified pollution?
A. Soot is carried by the wind or in the water.
B. Sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides, the compounds from soot, mix with
atmospheric moisture.
C. It degrades water quality.
D. It damages sensitive farm crops.
2 Read another text and choose the best answer.
Soot a major contributor to climate change


The contribution of soot (1) ___________ global warming is much higher than
previously thought, according to a comprehensive assessment that ranks ‘black carbon’
second only to carbon dioxide in terms of its warming impact (2) ___________ the
current climate.
(3) ___________ online by the Journal of Geophysical Research, the four-year study
roughly doubles most of the previous estimates of the warming that (4) ___________
when carbon particles absorb solar radiation, (5) ___________ heats the atmosphere
and results in the melting of snow and ice. Black carbon’s impact on the climate is
larger than (6) ___________ of methane and roughly two-thirds that of carbon
dioxide, according to the study.
(7) ___________ many scientists had suspected that global climate models
underestimated the role of black carbon, the magnitude of the impact has surprised
many of the report’s authors, says David Fahey, an atmospheric (8) ___________ at
the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Boulder, Colorado, and a
lead author.
Diesel emissions and agricultural waste fires are major sources of black carbon in
industrialized countries, whereas in the developing world, the soot comes from sources

such as (9) ___________ of biomass for cooking and heat. “This study suggests we
should be putting even more effort into reducing black carbon pollution,” says
Durwood Zaelke, who heads the Institute for Governance and Sustainable
Development in Washington DC. Although CO2 dominates the long-term effect,
understanding the timescale is crucial, Zaelke says. “(10)___________ black carbon
gives you immediate cooling.”
1. A. at

B. for

C. about

D. to

2. A. on

B. in

C. at

D. to

3. A. Formed

B. Published

C. Created

D. Updated

4. A. occur

B. occurs

C. obscures

D. current

5. A. who

B. that

C. which

D. those

6. A. one

B. these

C. those

D. that

7. A. Although

B. In spite of

C. Despite

D. Even although

8. A. scientific

B. science

C. scientist

D. scientists

9. A. burn

B. burning

C. cooking

D. heating


10. A. Heating

B. Warming

C. Reducing

D. Increasing

3 Read another text and choose the correct answer.
Black carbon, the soot produced by burning fossil fuels and biomass, is a more potent
atmospheric pollutant than previously thought, according to a four-year international

study released on Tuesday.
Emitted by diesel engines, brick kilns and wood-fired cook stoves, black carbon is
second only to carbon dioxide as the most powerful climate pollutant, according to the
study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres.
But because black carbon only lasts in the atmosphere a matter of days, compared to
carbon dioxide’s atmospheric endurance of centuries, addressing it could be prime
target for curbing global warming, the report said.
“This new research provides further compelling evidence to act on short-lived climate
pollutants, including black carbon,” Achim Steiner, chief of the United Nations
Environment Programme, said in a statement.
Steiner pointed to efforts under way to cut black carbon emissions from heavy-duty
diesel vehicles, brick production and municipal waste disposal as part of the
international Climate and Clean Air Coalition. The United States was one of the
coalition’s founders last year.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in mid-December also tightened limits on
soot pollution from power plants, diesel engines and burning wood from levels set in
1997. The report found black carbon’s effect on climate is nearly twice what the
United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimated in its landmark
2007 assessment.
At that time, climate scientists ranked black carbon third behind carbon dioxide and
methane. The new research, conducted by a multinational team of 31 experts, moves
black carbon up in the ranking.
The new assessment found black carbon emissions caused significantly higher
warming over the Arctic and other regions, could affect rainfall patterns, including
those of the Asian monsoon system, and have led to rapid warming in the northern
United States, Canada, northern Europe and northern Asia.
The sooty particles that make up black carbon can be a major component of urban air
pollution like that now blanketing Beijing, said Durwood Zaelke, president of the

Washington-based non-profit Institute for Governance and Sustainable Development
and a reviewer of the study before its publication.
1. ___________ is another name for soot.
A. Fossil fuels

B. Biomass

C. Diesel engines

D. Black carbon

2. The word “potent” in Paragraph 1 means
A. weak.

B. minor.

C. powerful.

D. powerless.

3. How powerful is black carbon, according to the text?
A. It is second only to fossil fuels and biomass.
B. It is the second most powerful climate pollutant
C. It is emitted by brick kilns.
D. It is the most powerful climate pollutant.
4. Which sentence shows that black carbon has a very short life?
A. “black carbon only lasts in the atmosphere a matter of days”
B. “carbon dioxide’s atmospheric endurance of centuries”
C. “Black carbon,..., is a more potent atmospheric pollutant than previously thought”
D. “black carbon is second only to carbon dioxide as the most powerful climate

pollutant”
5. How long does carbon dioxide last in the atmosphere?
A. For a matter of days.

B. For centuries.

C. For a matter of weeks.

D. For a matter of months.

6. According to Steiner, where do carbon emissions come from?
A. Carbon dioxide.
B. Heavy-duty diesel vehicles, brick production and municipal waste disposal.
C. Soot pollution.
D. Motorcycles and textile production.
7. The United States was the co-founder of
A. the Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres.
B. the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
C. the international Climate and Clean Air Coalition.
D. the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
8. What does the word “its” refer to?
A. The international Climate and Clean Air Coalition.


B. The Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres.
C. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
D. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
9. Where did black carbon emissions cause significantly higher warming?
A. Over the Antarctica.

B. Over America.

C. Over Asia.

D. Over the Arctic.

10. Where is the Institute for Governance and Sustainable Development based?
A. In Washington.

B. In new York.

C. In Canada.

D. In northern Europe.

WRITING
1 Look at the table below and choose three advantages and three disadvantages of
green energy sources for explanation.
Green Energy Sources
Advantages

Disadvantages

Environmental benefits

Building green energy facilities requires a
lot of land

Renewable

Some green energy sources cannot be
installed in certain areas

Green energy facilities require less
maintenance than traditional generators

Large capital cost

Economic benefits

The reliability of supply

Stabilize energy prices
Difficult to generate in large quantity
Example: Building green energy facilities requires a lot of land, so we may have to
encroach on farmland or wildlife areas, which is what many are concerned about if
more wind turbines are to be put up.
2 One big advantage of green energy is that it is renewable. Write a short essay to
support this remark. Use your own ideas or the cues below.
+ Definition of green energy: Green energy comes from natural sources such as
sunlight, wind, rain, tides, plants, algae and geothermal heat.
+ Why renewable? Green energy sources are naturally replenished - we never run out
of sunlight, wind, rain, tides, plants, algae and geothermal heat


+ Benefits of this advantage: supplying a vast, unlimited and constant energy resource,
stabilize energy prices, reducing our dependence on fuels and energy from foreign
governments
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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REVIEW 1
PHONETICS
1 Choose the correct word.
1. The recipe calls for two cups of flour / flower.
2. She put a single flour /flower in the vase.
3. My hare/hair is a mess!
4. Have you read the story about the tortoise and the hare/ hair?
5. Vegetarians do not eat meet/ meat.
6. Where shall we meet/meat for lunch?
7. Let’s go buy a new pear/pair of shoes.
8. The fruit contained a banana, an apple, and a pear/pair.
9. My sun/son is presently in the military.
10. The sun/son is hidden behind the clouds.

2 Do the exercises below.
A. Look at the phonetic symbols and choose the correct phrase.
1. The industry has had its /feə ʃeə/ of problems.
A. affair shared B. shared feather C. fair care

D. fair share

2. /'aʊə kɔinz/ are older than theirs.
A. Our coins

B. Hour coils

C. Our coils

D. Shower coins

3. The /'ʃəʊə trei/ is broken. We need to replace it with a new one.
A. shower trail

B. power trait

C. shower tray

D. our say

4. There are some /'faiə 'faitəz'/ fighting the fire over there.
A. fire exciters

B. fire fighters

C. fighter fire

D. quiet miners

5. It was the first time she had experienced /riəl fiə/.
A. rear fear

B. real fierce

C. real fear

D. rear near

B. Look at the phonetic symbols after assimilation and select the correct phrase.
6. He prefers /laip 'mju:zik/ to heavy music.
A. light music

B. type music

C. wipe musician

D. musical type

C. red back

D. red bag

7. She’s wearing a /reb bæg/.
A. repay

B. report

8. I sent my /pem pæl/ a message by email.
A. pen pale

B. pen pal

C. pain pan

D. pal pen


9. That’s the /besp 'mu:vi/ I’ve ever seen!
A. best moves

B. bet move

C. best movie

D. bet moving

10. There are a lot of people on /bɑʊs saidz/ of the street.
A. bow sides

B. boss says

C. both sides

D. bow signs

VOCABULARY
1 Choose the correct word to complete the definition.
1. A scandal / disagreement is a behaviour that makes people feel shocked or angry.
2. Something unlucky or unfortunate is a mistake /misfortune.
3. You show your generosity / honesty by giving someone money, gifts or kindness
freely.
4. I felt pity for the thought-provoking / weather-beaten face of the farmer. It looked
rough and damaged because he spent a lot of time in his field.
5. To overload /overcharge something means to put too great a load on something.
6. If something is long-term / long-lasting, it can or does last for a long time.
7. Something is renewable /redecorating when it is replaced naturally.
8. Exchange / Replacement happens when you replace one thing with another.
9. Habitat /Area is where you can find a type of animal or plant.
10. If someone is skilled / distinguished, he / she is very successful and admired by
other people.
2 Complete the sentences with the words in the exercise 1 above.
1. They enjoyed watching monkeys in their natural _______.
2. It is an industry based on _______ resources.
3. Be careful not to _______ the washing machine.
4. I admired his_______ to the poor.
5. They had already left the country when the _______ broke.
6. The famous scientist had a long and _______ career.
7. Our old car is badly in need of _______.
8. The successful experiment has a _______ effect.
9. The _______ clothes seemed unable to keep the boatman warm enough.
10. _______ struck before they had even left the harbor.
3 Write the synonyms. The first letter of each word is given.
1. accomplishment a______________

2. Powerful

i_____________


2. conquer

o______________

4. creditable

r_____________

3. ragged

s______________

6. preservation

c_____________

4. encourage

p______________

8. unknown

a_____________

5. destructive

h______________

10. fill up

r_____________

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. She was so desperate for success that she’d do anything to ___________ it
(achievement)
2. At the time she was under the ___________ of her father. (influential)
3. The club has an ___________ ceremony for new members. (initiate)
4. You shouldn’t have bought those ___________ jeans. (market)
5. These products are not for national ___________, but for export. (consume)
6. How many people does your company ___________? (employment)
7. A large international meeting was held with the aim of promoting ___________
development in all countries. (sustain)
8. He lived in close communion with ___________. (natural)
9. The writer recently went on a___________ tour of his homeland. (promotion)
10. The artist took his ___________ from African art. (inspire)
5) Match the parts of collocations. There may be more than one answer.
1. a thought-provoking

a) credit

2. a time-consuming

b) job

3. interest-free

c) article

4. a well-paid

d) approach

5. a left-handed

e) process

6. a down-to-earth

f) area

7. a badly-behaved

g) person

8. up-to-date

h) scientific theory

9. fast-growing

i) information

10. a well-established

j) child

6 Give two examples of compound adjectives according to each pattern.
1. Adjective + noun-ED: a brown-roofed house,________________________________
2. Noun-past participle: a student-run coop,___________________________________
3. Adverb-past participle: a well-known writer, ________________________________


4. Adjective-present participle: a good-looking boy,_____________________________
5. Noun-present participle: a heart-breaking story,______________________________
GRAMMAR
1) Complete the text with either the past simple or past continuous form of the
verbs in brackets.
I (1. buy) ___________ a new alarm clock the other day in Taylor’s the jewellers,
when I actually (2. see) ___________ somebody shoplifting. I’d just finished paying
for my clock and as I (3. turn) ___________ round, an elderly woman (4. slowly put)
___________ a silver plate into a bag that she (5. carry) ___________. Then she (6.
walk) ___________ over to another part of the shop and (7. pick up) ___________ an
expensive-looking watch a number of times.
When she (8. think) ___________ that nobody (9. look) ___________, she (10. drop)
___________ it into the bag. Before I (11. have) ___________ a chance to tell the staff
in the shop, she (12. notice) ___________ that I (13. watch) ___________ her and (14.
hurry) ___________. Unfortunately for her, two police officers (15. walk)
___________ past just at that moment and she (16. run) ___________ straight into
them.
2 Use a, an, the or  for “no article” to complete each response.
1.

Q: What did you get for your birthday?
A: I got ___________ lot of good presents.

2.

Q: What did you get for your birthday?
A: I got ___________ lots of good presents.

3.

Q: Where are you going for your vacation?
A: I’m going to ___________ Dominican Republic.

4.

Q: What do you think of Mexico?
A: I think it’s ___________ very beautiful country.

5.

Q: Do you have a scarf I could borrow?
A: Yes, I have two. __________ blue one and

___________beige one. Which

one; would you like to borrow?
6.

Q: How is your grandfather?
A: He’s ___________ little sick, but it’s nothing serious.

7.

Q: Where were you ___________ last night? I called you three times.

A: Oh, sorry. My cellphone was off all day yesterday.
8.

Q: Do you think he’s lying?
A: No, he’s the kind of ___________ guy that always tells the truth.

9.

Q: Do you remember ___________ exact date when the war started?
A: No, I don’t.

10.

Q: Are you watching ___________ Lakers-Celtics game? What’s ___________
score?
A: The Lakers are winning by 15.

3 Circle the correct letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part needs
correction.
1. (A) Himalayas form (B) the border between India and (C) the rest of (D) the Indian
continent.
2. She (A) was running in the park when she (B) tripped over a rock, (C) fell down and
(D) was twisting her ankle.
3. (A) The judge recommended that (B) the accused (C) remains in jail (D) for at least
five days.
4. One of (A) the other shops I worked for was (B) a small corner shop and I really
enjoyed working there because (C) people were really friendly and (D) laid back.
5. (A) On looking out of the window, (B) Dick saw it was another dreary day. The

wind (C) was blowing hard and big black clouds (D) gathered on the horizon.
6. (A) The flavour of (B) a Christmas cake will be greatly improved if (C) a cake is
sprinkled with (D) rum or brandy before storing.
7. (A) It is essential that no one (B) admits to the room (C) without (D) proper
identification.
8. It was (A) such a beautiful day that (B) one of the students (C) suggests we (D) have
class outside.
9. (A) The movie director (B) insisted that (C) everything about his productions (D)
not be authentic.
10. I (A) requested (B) I am permitted (C) to change my plan (D) for the project next
month.
4 Identify whether the sentences are simple, complex, compound. Please
underline dependent clauses where it applies.


1. Vampires Dairies is my favorite television show, but I also love True Blood.
2. The student wiped the white board that was filthy with last week’s notes.
3. The trendy fashion designer released her new line on Wednesday.
4. Trina and Hareem went to a bar in Hollywood to celebrate their anniversary.
5. Wicked Regina cast a spell on the entire city, so the citizens decided to rebel.
6. Eric ran home the rest of the way because he knew he was in trouble.
7. After listening to the Kanye West CD, I have new respect for his music.
8. Sarah and Ashley giggled and whispered all night.
9. Dad went hunting, but Mama decided to stay home.
10. The evil that men do lives after them.
5 Identify the sentence where the relative pronoun which refers to the whole
clause. Write the number of the sentence in the gap.
1. We do not support this new three-year project, which will cost several million
pounds.
2. He shows his generosity everywhere he goes, which is appreciated by the public.

3. Last month, we visited Cuc Phuong National Park, which was located in a beautiful
area.
4. The famous athlete won three gold medals during the competition, which
demonstrated his great talent.
5. This wonderful bicycle was my father’s present on my birthday, which showed his
passionate love for me.
6. Look at this wonderful bicycle, which was my father’s present on my birthday.
7. The prisoner has escaped from prison twice so far, which caused the prison warders
to watch him much more intently.
8. A notorious prisoner has escaped from Pelican Bay State Prison in California, which
was surrounded with layers of barbed wires.
9. I don’t like the songs on that music CD, which my brother bought yesterday.
10. He didn’t enjoy the songs on that music CD, which surprised everyone in his
family.
Sentences with “which” referring to the whole clause:__________________________.
READING
1 Read the text and choose the correct answer.


Urbanisation occurs because people move from rural areas (countryside) to urban
areas (towns and cities). This usually occurs when a country is still developing.
Prior to 1950 the majority of urbanisation occurred in MEDCs (More Economically
Developed Countries). Rapid urbanisation took place during the period of
industrialisation that took place in Europe and North America in the nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries. Many people moved from rural to urban areas to get jobs in
the rapidly expanding industries in many large towns and cities. Since 1950
urbanisation has slowed down in most MEDCs, and now some of the biggest cities are
losing population as people move away from the city to rural environments. This is
known as counter-urbanisation.
Since 1950 the most rapid growth in urbanisation has occurred in LEDCs (Less

Economically Developed Countries] in South America, Africa and Asia. Between 1950
and 1990 the urban population living in LEDCs doubled. In developed countries the
increase was less than half.
The three main causes of urbanisation in LEDCs since 1950 are:
1. Rural to urban migration is happening on a massive scale due to population pressure
and lack of resources in rural areas. These are ‘push’ factors.
2. People living in rural areas are ‘pulled’ to the city. Often they believe that the
standard of living in urban areas will be much better than in rural areas. They are
usually wrong. People also hope for well paid jobs, the greater opportunities to find
casual or ‘informal’ work, better health care and education.
3. Natural increase caused by a decrease in death rates while birth rates remain high.
The UN predicts that by 2030 60% of the world’s population will live in urban
environments.
Urban areas in MEDCs (More Economically Developed Countries) have experienced a
range of problems in recent years. These include:
+ Traffic problems. Car ownership and commuting means an increase in congestion
and pollution.
+ Decline in industry. As older manufacturing industries have closed, they have left
empty, derelict buildings towards the centre of the city. Modern industries need more
space so tend to locate on the edge of the city.


+ High unemployment in inner city areas (where the old industries were once located)
leads to social problems.
+ Changes in shopping have also caused problems. City centre locations are no longer
favoured. There has been a recent growth in out of town shopping centres, which has
led to the decline of many CBDs (Central Business Districts).
1. Which is TRUE, according to the text?
A. Urbanisation happens when there’s a movement of people out of cities, to the
surrounding areas.

B. Urbanisation usually occurs in underdeveloped countries.
C. You see urbanisation where agriculture develops.
D. People from the countryside move to cities, which causes urbanisation to happen.
2. The word “Prior to” in Paragraph 2 means
A. In.

B. In front of.

C. Before.

D. Until.

3. Where did industrialisation happen in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
A. Rural areas.

B. Europe and North America.

C. Urban areas.

D. Thailand and Singapore.

4. When does counter-urbanisation take place?
A. People leave urban areas for settlement in rural environments.
B. People leave urban areas to go abroad.
C. People move from rural areas to urban areas.
D. People refuse to leave their city.
5. What does the word “increase” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The increase in counter-urbanisation.
B. The increase in urban population.
C. The increase in the number of developed countries.

D. The increase in the number of LEDCs.
6. Why causes rural to urban migration to happen on a large scale?
A. The urban population is increasing by less than half.
B. Crop failure on farms.
C. Widespread unemployment.
D. Population pressure and lack of resources in rural areas.
7. One of the main causes of urbanisation in LEDCs since 1950 is


A. people move away from the city to rural environments.
B. high unemployment in inner city areas.
C. changes in shopping.
D. birth rates remain high while death rates decrease.
8. What are some problems that urban areas in MEDCs (More Economically
Developed Countries) have experienced recent years, according to the text?
A. Birth rates remain high while death rates decrease.
B. Rural to urban migration is happening on a massive scale.
C. Traffic problems and decline in industry.
D. Low unemployment in inner city areas.
2 Read the second text and choose the best answer.
American superstar Michael Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana, on August 29, 1958.
He (1) ____________ audiences nearly his entire life. In 1964 Michael began to (2)
____________ with his brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine and Marlon.
A musical prodigy, Michael’s singing and dancing talents were (3) ____________
mature, and he soon became the (4) ____________ voice and focus of The Jackson 5.
They sang songs (5) ____________ “I Want You Back,” “ABC,” and “Never Can Say
Goodbye”.
Solo success for Michael was (6) ____________, and by the 1980s, he became
infinitely more popular than his brotherly group. He sold millions (7)
____________ records, culminating in the biggest-selling album of all time, “Thriller”

in 1982. A TV natural, he played some roles in films, such as playing the Scarecrow in
El Mago (1978), but he had much better luck (8) ____________ elaborate music
videos.
He married Lisa Marie Presley, Elvis Presley’s daughter and they got a divorce a few
months later. He had three children with his second wife.
Michael died on June 25, 2009, at age 50, just as he was coming (9) ____________ a
four-year reclusive period and rehearsing for a sold-out London concert “Comeback”
in July, seems uncommonly cruel and tragic. Michael Jackson’s passion and artistry as
a singer, dancer, writer and businessman are (10) ____________.
1. A. laughed at

B. amuses

C. entertained

D. plays

2. A. perform

B. demonstrate

C. sang

D. performed


3. A. amazing

B. amazingly

C. surprised

D. surprising

4. A. amuse

B. prevail

C. dominate

D. dominant

5. A. as being

B. as such

C. like

D. as

6. A. unevitable

B. unescape

C. unavoid

D. inevitable

7. A. in

B. of

C. on

D. at

8. A. with

B. for

C. by

D. out

9. A. of

B. out

C. into

D. out of

10. A. not match

B. unmatch

C. unparalleled

D. unparallel

3. Read another text and choose the best answer.
Switching to electronic bills collectively could save 151 million pounds of paper
By Paxton Ramsdell
The cliché with mail is that it’s either junk or bills. As a recent college graduate, I
quickly learned how true this is. Every day I would collect my mail and leave it on my
coffee table... where it would remain until I realized I needed to make a payment.
Of course, I eventually grew tired of the stack of mail sitting around, not to mention
concerned that I would forget to pay a bill. Plus, my work at The Nature Conservancy
made it even more difficult to turn a blind eye to all of this wasted paper.
So, I decided to do away with my bills altogether. Well, not quite. But, I did banish
paper bills from my coffee table - and my life.
Say goodbye to paper bills
I had noticed reminders in my monthly bills that I could receive statements online
instead of by mail. So I gave it a try.
I started with my bank statements. Instead of a monthly paper statement - which was
no longer accurate by the time I received it anyway - I began receiving monthly emails
alerting me that my bank statement was ready. Now I log in to my account online to I
quickly and easily balance my finances.
Next, I did away with my monthly cell phone bill by setting up an automatic bill pay
on; my provider’s Website. After a few months, I realized just how convenient, easy
and safe it is to use e-bills.
Encouraged, I said “goodbye” to my utility bills and credit card payments in the same
fashion. At the end of each month I just go online and see that my account has been
charged and the payment received.


Making the switch is easy - and safe
I also could have just as easily decided to consolidate all of my bill paying by setting
up online bill pay with my bank. No need to worry about late fees, buying stamps or
losing bills under that pile of supermarket circulars.

One concern about going paperless was the safety of my accounts. I took a quick look
around my bank’s website and learned that I was well protected against any unfair
charges.
Many banks offer zero liability policies, which means the banks will replace any
money stolen as a result of unauthorized activity, but be sure to check with your bank
for their specific policies.
Save time, save trees
Going paperless is one of the easiest ways to green your lifestyle. Aside from the
convenience, it’s environmentally responsible.
If only one in five households switched to electronic bills, statements and payments,
the collective impact would save 151 million pounds of paper, avoid filling 8.6 million
garbage bags and eliminate 2 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions.
So go paperless, save a forest and free up some space on that coffee table!
1. What does the word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. The cliché with mail is that it’s either junk or bills.
B. The author has recently graduated from college.
C. He would collect his mail every day.
D. The mail is neither junk nor bills.
2. What was the author’s attitude toward the mail stacked on his coffee table?
A. He needed it to make a payment.
B. He was afraid that he wouldn’t remember to pay a bill.
C. He became bored with it.
D. He grew tired of the bills.
3. The expression “turn a blind eye to” means
A. become blind.
B. turn one blind eye to something.
C. you can’t turn because of your blind eye.
D. pretend to ignore something bad.

4. What informed him that he could receive statements online instead of by mail?
A. Notices in his monthly bills.

B. Reminders in his bills every month.

C. The postman.

D. Reminders in statements online.

5. What was one disadvantage of a monthly paper statement, according to the author?
A. He received monthly emails instead of monthly paper statements.
B. It was late all the time.
C. By the time he received it, it was not accurate any longer.
D. It was not accurate from the beginning.
6. How did he know that his bank statement was ready?
A. Monthly emails came to alert him.

B. The bank phoned to alert him.

C. He logged in to his account online.

D. He balanced his accounts.

7. Why did he set up an automatic bill pay on his provider’s website?
A. Because he wanted to go on the Internet.
B. E-bills were his favorite.
C. He wanted to use credit card payments.
D. To do away with his monthly cell phone bill.
8. What did he learn after a quick look around his bank’s website?
A. He felt easy and safe.

B. He would be ensured protection against any unlawful charges.
C. He would be ensured protection against any viruses.
D. His accounts would be unprotected.
9. What does the phrase “zero liability policies” mean?
A. The banks will replace any money stolen from your account if an unauthorized
activity happens.
B. The banks do not take any responsibility for any money stolen.
C. You must be responsible for any money stolen from your account.
D. You shouldn’t have much money in your account in case it is stolen.
10. How many tons of greenhouse gas emissions will be eliminated if only one in five
households switched to electronic bills, statements and payments?
A. 151 million.
WRITING

B. 8.6 million.

C. 2 million.

D. 3 million.