Quản lý nhà nước về di tích quốc gia đặc biệt vùng đồng bằng sông hồng tóm tắt TA

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
AND TRAINING

MINISTRY OF HOME
AFFAIRS

NATIONAL ACADEMY
OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
----------------

QUACH NGOC DUNG

STATE MANAGEMENT OF SPECIAL NATIONAL
RELICS IN THE THE RED RIVER DELTA
Major: Public Management
Code: 9. 34. 04. 03

SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION OF PUBLIC
MANAGEMENT

HANOI - 2018


The work has been completed at:
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUPLIC ADMINISTRATION

Scientific Supervisors:

- Dr. LE NHU THANH
- Dr. NGUYEN DANH NGA
Reviewer 1: .............................................................

Reviewer 2: .............................................................
Reviewer 3: .............................................................

LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS AND ARTICLES BY THE
AUTHOR RELATED TO THE TOPIC OF THE
DISSERTATION
1. Quach Ngoc Dung, (2015), “State management on cultural, historical
relics – national culture”, State Management Journal, volume 234
(7/2015), pp.49 – 53.
2. Quach Ngoc Dung, (2016), “State management on historical relics –
national culture in the Red River delta”, State Management Journal,
volume 241 (2/2016), pp.99 – 101.
3. Quach Ngoc Dung, (2017), “State management on current special
national relics in the Red River delta”, State Management Journal,
volume 253 (2/2017), pp.89 – 92.
4. Quach Ngoc Dung, (2017), “Factors influencing state management
on special national relics”, State Management Journal, volume 256
(5/2017), pp.55 – 60.

The dissertation is presented at the Academic-level
Dissertation Assessment Council
Venue: Meeting Hall ... floor ... National Academy of Public
Administration No.77, Nguyen Chi Thanh, Dong Da, Hanoi
Time: ... ...... dated ........... . ... 2018

The dissertation can be found at the Library of National
Academy of Public Administration or on the Website of the Post –
graduate Department, National Academy of Public Administration

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management on cultural heritage” in order to define state
management on special national relics. Extracted the definition of the
concept “state management on special national relics” from such
conceptual analysis. Role and contents of state management on
special national relics. The research dissertation analyzed factors
influencing state management on special national relics in the Red
River delta and consulted experiences from nations in the world.
Chapter 3, from a practical perspective, the dissertation
analyzed, interpreted and clarified the status of state management on
special national relics in the Red River delta through specific issues
including the creation and promulgation of strategies, schemes, plans
and policies; the implementation and execution of legal regulation
documents; the organization of management system and contingent
of officials; the mobilization, management and utilization of
resources; The inspection, examination and handling of violations.
The dissertation analyzed and evaluated the state management
activities of special national relics practically, listing achievements,
drawbacks and clarify causes of status.
Chapter 4, from clarifying and analyzing the theories and
evaluating the status of state management on special national relics in
the Red River delta, the dissertation introduced viewpoints and
orientations to perfect state management on special national relics in
the Red River delta; from research results, the dissertation
recommended 6 major solutions and additional solutions in order to
overcome drawbacks in state management activities of special
national relics in the Red River delta. The solutions represented all
issues need assessing and addressing within the state management
activities of special national relics in the Red River delta in the time

to come.

PREAMBLE
1. Reason for choosing the topic
Special national relics are remarkably valuable relics of the
nation. They include: constructions, locations linked to an
exclusively important turning event of the national history or linked
to a certain national hero, a well-known individual who has
considerable impacts on the course of national history; architecture
and artistic constructions, architectural complex, general urban
architecture and exclusively valuable residential locations directly
linked to stages of architectural and artistic development of Vietnam;
notable archaeological locations marking important development
stages of archaeological culture in Vietnam and the globe; either
renowned natural sceneries or locations combining natural sceneries
and both exclusively valuable architectural and artistic constructions
of the nation, or natural locations whose values vary in geology,
geomorphology, geography, biographical diversity and the unique
ecosystem of Vietnam and the world. Special national relics belong
to tangible cultural heritage, being one of the decisive factor
contributing to the unique characteristics of Vietnamese culture.
The The Red River Delta houses the largest proportion of the
nation’s population, having an extensive history of development,
holding a large number of special national relics including the capital
city of Hanoi, constantly play the central role in politics, economy
and culture of the nation. Relics in the The Red River Delta is high in
density and vary in forms, including historical relics, artistic and
architectural relics, archaeological relics, scenic beauties. Although
the state management on special national relics in the The Red River
Delta has been taken notice in the past, there are still remaining

drawbacks beside favorable outcomes and success in management,
affecting the preservation, protection and promotion of special
national relics’ values. For the time being, along with the
development of the market economy, major challenges for state
management on cultural heritage, relics in general and special
national relics in particular includes: the international integration
trend creates opportunities to absorb cultural essence of the globe, but
at the same time form risks of new lifestyles and conceptions
penetrating and affecting traditional cultural values; the socio-cultural

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lifestyles among the residents in urban and rural areas are distinctive,
generally speaking, including in the The Red River Delta; state
management activities on cultural heritage, relics in general and
special national relics in particular are unable to meet practical
demands. In the process of establishing a socialist-oriented market
economy, the nation must definitely preserve and promote positive
factors of traditional culture whose foundations are tangible and
intangible cultural heritage, in order to advocate national cultural
identity. State management on special national relics requires
appropriate policies and solutions with the joined effort of the entire
society and international community.
Based on said reasons, the author would like to choose the topic
“State management on special national relics in the The Red River
Delta” for research.
2. Objectives, tasks of research

2.1. Objectives of research
The dissertation researches and systemize theories of state
management on special national relics; practical analyzing,
evaluating and building up scientific arguments in order to propose
solutions to perfect state management on special national relics in the
The Red River Delta.
2.2. Tasks of research
To summarize research situation related to the topic, identify
research issues in the topic.
To study the theories of state management on special national
relics, to consult cultural heritage and relics management experiences
of several nations, from which learn and apply for state management
levels on special national relics in the The Red River Delta.
Inspect, analyze and evaluate the situation of state management on
special national relics in the The Red River Delta. Identify viewpoints
and recommend solutions to perfect state management on special
national relics in the The Red River Delta in the times to come.
3. Subject and scope of research
3.1 Subject of research
State management on special national relics in the The Red River Delta.

and issue of the co-operating mechanism among the unified and
effective management authorities and the establishment of an
appropriate management system in the Red River delta; the creation
of specific financial support policies and domestic investment
opportunities to encouraging investment from the society, supporting
the preservation and promotion of special national relics.
Based on scientific viewpoints and orientations, the fourth
chapter of the dissertation focused on clarifying 6 basic solutions in
order to surpass mentioned obstacles and additional solutions aiming

to perfect state management on special national relics in the Red
River delta.

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CONCLUSION
Special national relics are treasures passed on to the latter generation
by the prior, they are valuable assets of the nation and mankind.
Preserving and promoting the values of special national relics amidst
socio-economic development is the at most important mission primarily
belongs to the government, the role of the community at the special
national relics sites, the role of the society and the populace. Reality shows
that, there are multiple causes leading to the degradation of the relics such
as nature’s severity, excessive exploitation and even destruction of relics
caused by humans. However, there is one crucial cause needs assessing
and researching, which is the limitations and drawbacks of the state
management activities of special national relics in general and within the
Red River delta in particular. Therefore, perfecting state management on
special national relics in the Red River delta is an urgent requirement, both
theoretically and practically. Within the range of the dissertation, contents
of basic research results are shown as below:
Chapter 1, the dissertation summarized scientific research
situation related to the topic, scientific research works of cultural
heritage management and state management on special national
relics. From there, the dissertation identified research results which it
has inherited, the analysis and assessments of state management
activities of special national relics, the unfinished or continuing and
perfecting researches.

Chapter 2, the dissertation focused on solving root theoretical
issues relating to the topic such as: clarifying concepts and terms on
“cultural heritage”, “relics”, “special national relics”, “state


monitoring role of The Congress and The Vietnam Fatherland Front
to special national relics; strengthen the role of communication
agencies in detecting and reporting violations timely to execute
inspection and examination at special national relics sites.
4.2.7. Additional solutions
Beside the 6 solutions above, the dissertation recommends
several additional solutions including: the application of the latest
scientific technology which is Information Technology to state
management on special national relics; Promoting communication,
raising legal awareness about cultural heritage; promoting
international cooperation.
Conclusion of chapter 4
Chapter 4 of the dissertation introduced viewpoints of The
Party and The Government regarding to the management of heritage
and relics. The state management on special national relics in the Red
River delta must comply with the viewpoints and strategic socioeconomic development goals of the Red River delta. The
preservation and promotion of special national relics’ values shape
the future path to rely on steady development principle, preserving
and promoting the nation’s cultural values while preserving the
landscapes, protecting the environment and promoting tourism
economy, utilizing resources appropriately and conservatively,
minimizing waste and ensuring lasting effectiveness. Preserving
special national relics is the motivation for growth, upholding
regional attractiveness, unique cultural characteristics of the relics
and scenic beauties; all artifacts and exhibitions within the special

national relics sites must be strictly safeguarded. The state
management on special national relics must uphold the accuracy of
the relics’ historical birth, keeping their values and characteristics
unchanged, keeping their constituent elements whole and intact,
upholding the relics’ authenticity. special national relics’ values must
be protected and promoted through a community-reliant principle,
encouraging self-consciousness and activeness of the community
with the help of voluntary organizations of the populace.
The orientation to perfect state management on special
national relics in the phase to come needs to focus on the following
main orientations: the creation of a concretized legal document
regarding to the special national relics is required; the construction

3.2. Limited scope of research
- Contents: the topic focuses on the research of state management on
special national relics contents, particularly: the construction, issuing and
execution of strategies, schemes and plans, policies and the law on
special national relics; inspection, examination and handling legal
violations in state management on special national relics.
- Location: The inspecting areas in provinces and cities within the
The Red River Delta.
- Time: Documentations for the inspection of state management
on special national relics in the The Red River Delta within the
duration from 2010 to 2017, after the issuing of order number
32/2009/QH12 in 18/06/2009 which modifies and adds several
articles of Cultural Heritage Law, taking effect as of 01/01/2010,
written in item 3, article 29 with new implementation of special
national relics.
4. Methodology and methods of research
4.1. Methodology of research

The research of the dissertation is approached based on the
methodology of Marxist-Leninist doctrine, Ho Chi Minh ideology
from the dialectical materialism perspectives, historical perspectives
and system theories.
4.2. Methods of research
Specific research methods such as synthesis, statistic, analogy,
interviewing, questionnaire survey. Additionally, the topic adopts
other approaches such as induction and interpretation.
5. Scientific hypothesis and research question
5.1. Scientific hypothesis
State management of special national relics plays a decisive role
in preserving and promoting special national relics’ values. However,
special national relics in the The Red River Delta are still being
sabotaged and degraded stemming from drawbacks in state
management activities on special national relics. There must be a
viable solution, unifying management and decentralization to local
authorities, combining the Department management with local state
management and regional association, at the same time socializing
resources for the preservation and promotion of special national
relics’ values, along with intensifying inspection, examination in

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order to perfect state management on special national relics in the
The Red River Delta in the times to come.
5.2. Research question
The dissertation addresses several major research questions such

as: What are special national relics? Roles and values of special
national relics? Contents of state management on special national
relics? Roles and necessity of state management on special national
relics? Current situation of special national relics in the The Red
River Delta? Advantages? Drawbacks and causes?
What are the solutions to perfect state management on special
national relics in the The Red River Delta?
6. New contribution of the dissertation
6.1. For science
Systemizing, clarifying concepts and fundamental issues of state
management theories on special national relics. Clearly identifying
viewpoints, orientations and recommend solutions to perfect state
management on special national relics in the The Red River Delta in
the times to come.
6.2. For practical affairs
Research results contribute to raising awareness of practical
activities from managing officials, cadres, officers and others who are
involved or participated in the state management on special national
relics in the The Red River Delta. The dissertation can be used as a
reference for research and study of public management and public
policies. Research contents and recommendations included in the
dissertation are data sources to create and issue policies, perfecting
state management on special national relics.
7. Structure of the dissertation
In addition to the preamble, conclusion, the dissertation consists
of 4 chapters:
- Chapter 1: An overview on research situation
- Chapter 2: Scientific foundation of state management on
special national relics
- Chapter 3: State management situation on special national

relics in the The Red River Delta
- Chapter 4: Viewpoints, solutions to perfecting state
management on special national relics in the The Red River Delta.

Provinces must be prepared for the use of highly-trained staff in order
to meet demands in the preservation and promotion of special
national relics’ values. Create training, rewarding plans and drills for
state management on special national relics officials in the formality
of basic managing and preserving skills education. The Department
of Cultural Heritage starts state management on special national
relics training courses and assign qualified specialists to aid and
insstruct regional and urban MCST-owned cultural heritage
management divisions within the Red River delta.
4.2.5. Mobilizing, managing and utilizing resources to serve the
preservation and promotion of special national relics’ values
Propose to raise the preservation of special national relics in the
Red River delta funds within provinces in near future. Especially, the
government needs to implement tax incentive policies to
organizations and individuals that have made contributions to the
restoration of the relics, preservation and promotion of special
national relics’ values in the Red River delta. Promote the
implementation of socialization policy, encouraging residential
participation in preservation and promotion of the relics’ values.
Advocate the monitoring of mobilized capital, ensuring that the
capital is utilized in appropriate purposes, exclusively monitor the
preservation, restoration and embellishment of special national relics
thoroughly in accordance with the law.
4.2.6. Inspecting, examining and handling legal violations in state
management on special national relics
Strengthen inspection, examination and monitoring for all

phases such as project formation, design, construction coordination,
construction monitoring at special national relics. The Ministry and
Departments of Culture, Sports and Tourism reinforce regular
inspections and examinations for the preservation, restoration and
embellishment of special national relics. The provincial and urban
People’s Committee must perfect legal regulations for inspecting and
examining such as: raise penalties for violations, combine
cooperation with responsibility, handle violations timely and firmly;
have in store effective plans and solutions to tackle existing
prolonged land encroachment to their roots; continue to organize and
lead the implementation of tracking and reacquiring lost artifacts and
antiques. Strengthen the role of state management officials and the

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out as part of the overall preserving and promoting scheme approved
by the Prime Minister; Executing technical infrastructure projects
which lead to a steady development such as the protection of the
environment; executing the investigation and examination of
construction projects located beyond the protected areas which could
possibly harm special national relics.
4.2.2. Reviewing, completing legal documents for special national relics
Completing special national relics regulations, reviewing,
systematizing current legal documents in order to prevent
overlapping, impractical regulations that are inappropriate with
international commitment and custom of cultural heritage. The
issuing of a specific coordination statute is required between agencies

and units, and the appropriate management criteria is also required;
There must be clear regulations about definite responsibilities
between different levels of authority, social responsibilities of
citizens and organizations participating in the preservation and
promotion of special national relics’ values. The Ministry of Culture,
Sports and Tourism (MCST) needs to issue instructing documents,
requiring a thorough and publicized report from state management
agencies on special national relics which includes fundamental issues
relating to the preservation and promotion of special national relics’
values, listing constructions and exhibitions at the relics site managed
by the provincial and urban people’s committee.
4.2.3. Consolidating state management system of special national relics
Consolidating the organization of the state management system
is a crucial factor, affecting state management on special national
relics activities. The organizational structure of the management
system of special national relics clarifies that the responsibility
between different authorities and sectors is to join hands in action.
Consolidate MCST-owned management of special national relics
departments in provinces and cities within the Red River delta.
Clarifying responsibilities and assignment of cadres and civil
officials to monitor and cooperate with special national relics
management division in the region.
4.2.4. Reinforcing capability of officials in the state management
on special national relics
It is essential to provide a monetary remuneration to raise the
morale of the state management on special national relics officials.
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Chapter 1
AN OVERVIEW ON RESEARCH SITUATION

1.1. Research works related to the dissertation topic
1.1.1. Research works group on cultural heritage and special
national relics
There are 04 doctoral dissertations, 10 in-depth study articles
which have referred to the following contents: Asserting that cultural
heritage in general and special national relics in particular are
priceless assets of the nation and mankind; cultural heritage including
special national relics’ values must be preserved, embellished and
promoted, serving the steady development of the nation; requiring a
better, more appropriate management layout and intensifying
responsibilities for these agencies; experiences of several nations
regarding to the management and mobilization of resources to
preserve and promote values of special national relics;
responsibilities of state-owned agencies, social and political
organizations and the populace.
1.1.2. Research works group on state management on cultural
heritage and special national relics
There are 01 doctoral dissertation, 05 books and 7 in-depth study
articles that have referred to the following specific issues: The
theoretical foundation of state management in general and state
management on cultural heritage including special national relics;
The lack of unification from central to local relics management
system; The lack of thoroughness in management decentralization
between Managing Department and local management within the
province; Assignments and missions of government agencies are
unclear and overlapping; insufficient legal system, limited resources,
the inability of the workforce to meet management demands;
Preserving, embellishing and promoting values amidst the
international integration trend, relics preservation experiences from
several nations (especially Japan and Korea); limitations, drawbacks

and major solutions in order to advocate effectiveness and efficiency
of state management activities of cultural heritage in general and
special national relics in particular.
5


Conclusion of Chapter 1
In Chapter 1, the dissertation offered the overall situation of
researches related to the topic. Domestic and foreign researches about

requirements of the integration process. To vanquish hardships and
challenges in this process, it is urgent that we must perfect and renew
the state management on special national relics.
4.1.2. Orientation and goals: The following phase for the state
management on special national relics in the Red River delta has to
focus on the following main orientations: Firstly, the creation of a
concretized legal document regarding to the special national relics is
required. Secondly, decentralization must be followed by conditions
ensuring the execution, construction and issue of the co-operating
mechanism among the unified and effective management authorities.
Thirdly, establishing an appropriate management system in the Red
River delta, operating in synchronization, unified and effectively.
Fourthly, The Government continue to create domestic investment
opportunities, encouraging investment, issuing specific financial
support for the preservation and promotion of special national relics’
values; Encouraging participation from various social departments
from central and local authorities to researchers, professors, artists
and the community in planning and executing policies and strategies
which ensure that such policies would satisfy the needs of all social
classes and individuals.

Overall goal for 2020: Preserving and promoting values of
unique cultural heritage of the nation; developing modern cultural
constructions, signifying national symbolism, politics, history and
unique traditions aiming at the strategic goal of creating a modern
Vietnamese culture yet retains the sense of national identity.
Specific goal for 2020: Supporting the restoration and
embellishment of 20 cultural world heritage, special national relics
and several remarkably-valued national relics.
4.2. Solutions to perfecting the State management on special
national relics in the Red River delta
4.2.1. Constructing and issuing regional development-oriented strategies,
schemes, plans and policies regarding to special national relics
Linking the system of special national relics in the Red River
delta, proceeding with the integration of overall scheme for each
special national relics with tourism development scheme until 2020
and aiming further to 2030 in order to promote values of the special
national relics in the Red River delta, serving regional socioeconomic growth. Ensuring that project division groups are carried

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1.2. Comments on overall results of the research situation
Research works mentioned distinctive aspects of cultural
heritage and special national relics. However, the aspect in which the
government is the main management with the role of deciding state
management activities of special national relics in the The Red River
Delta was not ubiquitously mentioned. The research target in most of
the researches above mainly adopt the following orientations:
Researching state management activities of cultural heritage but not

local relics management decentralization issues, provincial
management was not indicated, none of the researches are systematic,
in-depth and solution-oriented for perfecting state management on
special national relics in the The Red River Delta.
1.2.1. Inherited dissertation research results
Situation analysis and evaluations of cultural heritage and special
national relics as well as the practicality of cultural heritage
management in general and special national relics in particular;
Several recommendations aiming to advocate management efficiency
for special national relics; Cultural heritage and relics management
experience of various nations.
1.2.2. Research question for the dissertation topic
Theoretical and practical basis to research state management on
special national relics, characteristics of special national relics, the
role of state management on special national relics in the The Red
River Delta; factors influencing the efficiency of state management
on special national relics in the The Red River Delta.
Major issues that the dissertation need to research and address:
further clarifying connotations of special national relics concepts,
state management on special national relics; factors influencing state
management activities on special national relics in the The Red River
Delta; experiences of various nations. Recommend scientific
arguments as foundation for orientations and solution systems to
perfect state management on special national relics in the The Red
River Delta, meeting the current developmental requirements and
international integration.


in the region, dispersed organizational apparatus, unequal
qualification of cadres and civil servants, lack of high quality human

resources, ineffective use of resources ... On the basis of these
shortcomings, the dissertation also pointed out the causes behind
restrictions. The findings of analyzing and evaluating current status
of the state management of special national relics in the The Red
River Delta is an important basis for the author to propose solutions
to improve the state management of special national relics in the The
Red River Delta in the coming time.

cultural heritage, special national relics and the state management on
cultural heritage, special national relics. On that basis, the
dissertation identifies research results which can be adopted, analysis
and evaluations of state management activities on heritage and relics.
Research results also unveiled orientations, aiding the dissertation to
go deeper and to clarify relevant concepts, the role of State
management on special national relics, factors influencing the state
management on special national relics, national experiences of
cultural management.

Chapter 4
VIEWPOINTS, SOLUTIONS TO PERFECTING STATE
MANAGEMENT ON SPECIAL NATIONAL RELICS IN THE
RED RIVER DELTA
4.1. Viewpoints and orientations towards the perfection of state
management on special national relics in the Red River delta
4.1.1. Viewpoints to perfect state management on special national
relics in the Red River delta:
State management on special national relics in the Red River
delta must be in accordance with the viewpoints and strategic
development goals aiming to establish prioritized policies of special
national relics, serving to effectively preserve and develop the value

of such relics, contributing to socio-economic growth of the Red
River delta. State management on special national relics must uphold
the accuracy of the historical birth of the relics, keeping their values
and characteristics unchanged, keeping their constituent elements
whole and intact, upholding the authenticity of the relics. State
management on special national relics must tie preservation to the
promotion of tangible and intangible cultural values, to the local
socio-economic growth, creating harmony between economic
advancement, urbanization and the preservation of the relics;
Preventing land encroachment and the construction of inappropriate
establishments in protected relics areas. Special national relics values
as a whole must be protected and promoted through a communityreliant principle, encouraging self-consciousness and activeness of
the community, preserving and promoting values of the relics with
the help of voluntary organizations of the populace. The current state
management on special national relics must be oriented towards the

Chapter 2
SCIENTIFIC GROUNDS IN STATE MANAGEMENT OF
SPECIAL NATIONAL RELICS
2.1. Basic concepts related to the dissertation topic
2.1.1. Special national relics
The dissertation clarifies the concepts related to cultural heritage,
relics and special national relics. Special national relics is defined to
be a relics having specialy typical values of the country, highly
important and valuable for Viet Nam and the world. Special national
relics are classified into four main types including historical relics, art
architectural relics, archaeological relics and beauty spots. Special
national relics bear special typical hallmark of national construction
and defense, historical impression and Vietnamese national identity.
2.1.2. State management and state management of special national relics

The dissertation clarifies and analyses the concepts related to
state management and state management of special national relics.
Special national relics belong to tangible heritage; therefore, state
management of special national relics must be based on the
fundamental ground of cultural heritage management. State
management of special national relics is ongoing and purposeful
impact of the State on all agencies, organizations and relevant
individuals by management means (policies, laws, plans and
planning) and the establishment of management apparatus aiming at
preserving and developing cultural heritages.
From the analysis of concepts, the author defines the concepts of
state management of special national relics as follow: “State
management of special national relics is a specific field of

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management, known as the ongoing, organizational and purposeful
influence of the state, by various ways and means, to the object of
management to preserve, protect and exploit the values of national
relics, serving for socio-economic development, meeting material
and spiritual need of the society.”
2.1.3. Role of state management of special national relics
Special national relics play a special role, leading to important
position of state management of special national relics in state
management of culture in particular and in state management in
general. Firstly, it contributes to orienting, adjusting the development
of national culture, implementing policies and directions on culture.

Secondly, it is conducive to preserving and promoting special
national relics. Thirdly, state management of special national relics is
also a contributory factor in promoting local socio-economic
development and improving people’s spiritual life.
2.1.4. Factors affecting state management of special national relics
Fundamental factors determining the state management
methods on culture, cultural heritages in general and special national
relics in particular such as factors of politics, economics, traditions and
culture, legal factors and influences of international intergration are
preserved and promoted.
These factors affect state management of special national relics in
The Red River Delta area in such perspectives as developing,
promulgating and implementing strategies, planning, plans, policies,
laws on special national relics; organizing state managerial apparatus
and officers; inspecting, examining and handling law violation related
to special national relics.
2.2. Contents of state management of special national relics
2.2.1. Form, promulgate and implement strategies, planning, plans,
policies and laws on special national relics
These are important means for implementing state management
of special national relics, specifying ideas and directions of Party and
State’s perspectives and directions, setting goals, tasks and major
solutions for realization.
2.2.2. Organize the state managerial apparatus and personnel for
the management of special national relics
Organise the state managerial apparatus in accordance with the
regulations at sector and locality levels on organization,

civil servants in charge of cultural management in localities is
constantly changing, remain abortive in number, capacity, expertise,

practical experience in management activities and professionalism;
Several provinces failed to attract and utilize qualified specialists.
Fifthly, there is no reserve for special national relics in the
localities, resulting in asynchronous mobilizing and attracting
investment resources and the socialization of conservation and
promotion of the value of the monument; Socialization attracting
resources to protect, restore and embellish
relics fails to preserve the original element of the relics.
Sixthly, the authorities in some places have insufficient awareness
of the role of the value of the special national relics, and lack actively
propaganda and dissemination of the law on cultural heritage; There is a
lack of clear responsibility assignment among authorities at different
levels and sectors to coordinate and take responsibility for protection,
repair, anti-degradation; exploitation of special national relics remains
ineffective. There remains delay in resolving and handling violations,
penalty sanctions fail to prove deterrence.

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Conclusion of Chapter 3
In Chapter 3, the dissertation analyzes current status of the
State management of special national relics in The Red River Delta in
specific perspectives: present overview of the The Red River Delta in
terms of geographic location, natural conditions, population, socioeconomic, cultural heritage, including the network of special national
relics. Analyze and clarify current status of the state management of
construction, promulgation and implementation of strategies, plans,
policies and laws on special national relics; the management
apparatus and personnel for the special national relics; mobilization,

management and use of resources to protect and promote the value of
special national relics; inspection, examination and handling
violations in the State management of special national relics. Review
and evaluate the status of state management of special national relics
in the The Red River Delta, show the achievements as well as
shortcomings in the state management of special national relics in the
The Red River Delta such as the lack of legal documents on special
national relics, the absence of connection among provinces and cities


The fifth is that there is a lack of close coordination between
professional agencies and authorities, and effective funding spending
in some places, infrequent mobilization of resources.
The sixth is inspection, examination and handling of violations.
Local authorities are not really active in inspecting, examining but
delay handling violations, sanctions give little deterrent. The
specialized inspection team is inadequate, causing lateness reaction in
case of violations and many cases of theft relics, antiques and worship
objects to occur at special national relics without detection, and recover
the artifacts.
3.3.3. Causes of restrictions in state management of special
national relics
Firstly, the preservation of special national relics has not been
implemented in accordance with the master plan; there is no
synchronous coordination between relics preservation and socioeconomic development planning of other sectors in the same area.
Secondly, during the implementation of the Cultural Heritage
Law, due to the lack of guidance from the regulators, there are
situations beyond the scope of regulation or not included in law when
handling problems related to special national relics; the negative
impact of economic development causes degradation, damage and

unsustainable exploitation of the value of special national relics.
Legislation on the protection of cultural heritage has been delayed to
be applied; the system of legal normative documents on special
national relics is not specified. Some provinces had failed to issue
regional relics management regulations.
Thirdly, there is a lack of coordination mechanism among
management agencies at all levels to implement, affecting management
effectiveness and causing the resources to fail to focus on resolving
difficult and complicated issues; there is not yet a fully-managed
management mechanism consistent in the State management of special
national relics; the organization of the management apparatus has
changed due to the process of separation and merger of local
administrations; relics profiles are stored and managed ineffectively and
information technology application is absent.
Fourthly, training and fostering specialized officials and public
employees fail to meet requirements; The contingent of cadres and

responsibility and authority to ensure professional activities. Attach
personnel to state managerial apparatus of special national relics.
2.2.3. Mobilize, manage and utilize all resources for preservation
and promotion of special national relics
Identifying, balancing managing and utilize effectively resources
are required to preserve and promote the values of special national relics.
2.2.4. Inspect, examine and handle the violations of law on special
national relics
Inspecting and examining are essential steps in state
management of special national relics. Performing inspection and
examination aim to set up the sequence for state management of
special national relics.
2.3. Experience of different countries in state management of

world heritage, special national relics and reference value for
Viet Nam
2.3.1. Experience of South Korea, Japan and Germany
South Korea: Approximate cultural policies have been already
developed; therefore, the harmony and connection between economic
development and cultural heritage are promoted. Reforming
management mechanism was carried out to in order to meet
development requirement. Policies shall reflect the expectation of all
social classes and individuals instead of imposing top-down mechanism.
Japan: There are strict regulations on preservation of cultural heritage.
Repairing valuable relics shall be in accordance with authority’s tough
regulations and cause no damage to historical and cultural landscape.
Germany: all administrative levels have attached importance to
preserving and protecting heritage through national programs.
Responsibility is clearly allocated to authority at all levels.
2.3.2. Reference values for Viet Nam
Experiences of these countries draw reference values for Viet
Nam as: Firstly, it is necessary to set up, promulgate legal
documents, policies of culture and special national relics in
particular with special concerns for typical areas and localities;
government policies shall reflect all social classes and individual’s
expectations instead of strictly top-down imposement. Secondly,
Secondly, the regulations on preservation and embellishment of
monuments shall be strictly complied with, paying special attention

16

9

to the original elements of the relics, cultural traditions and national
identity.Thirdly, regularly training and fostering cadres and civil
servants professionally managing cultural heritages and special
national relics shall be focus on. Fourthly, financial fund shall be
established to preserve special national relics. Fifthly, value
exploitation shall be combined with tourism development in order
to promote local socio-economic to develop; while at the same time
socialize financial resources for repair and embellishment. Sixthly,
the responsibility for heritage and relics management shall not only
belong to state agencies but also social organizations and people in
the area. Seventhly, science research movement shall be promoted;
science and technology shall be actively applied to heritage and
relics management.
Conclusion of Chapter 2
Chapter 2 focuses on solving the core theories related to the
dissertation, clarifying the concepts and terms of cultural
heritages, relics, special national relics, state management and
state management of cultural heritages. The author therefrom
draws the concept of “state management of special national
relics”; evaluates the importance of special national relics,
analyses the role of state management of special national relics as
well as factors impacting on state management of special national
relics in The Red River Delta area; understand and research on the
experience of heritage and special relics from some other
countries such as South Korea, Japan, Germany to draw lesson
and reference value for state management of special national relics
in The Red River Delta area.
Chapter 3
CURRENT STATUS OF STATE MANAGEMENT OF
SPECIAL NATIONAL RELICS

3.1. Overview of The Red River Delta area and special national relics
in the area
3.1.1. Overview of The Red River Delta area
The Red River Delta consists of 11 provinces and centrally run cities;
its area is 23,336 km2, accounting for 7.1 percent of the whole country. It
is the most densely populated region in the country with the population
10

professional agencies. Many special national relics in the The Red
River Delta, after being repaired and embellished, have become
appealing destinations which attract a large number of visitors, thereby
contributing to the economic development of the locality where relics.
Fourthly, the inspection, examination of the protection and
renovation of relics have been enhanced, contributing to overcoming
the restriction and promptly handling the violations.
3.3.2. Restrictions on state management of special national relics
The first is the development, promulgation and implementation
of strategies, planning, plans and policies on special national relics in
the The Red River Delta. The speed of implementation of such
strategies as the Culture Development Strategy by 2020, the Tourism
Development Strategy by 2020 with a vision toward 2030, including
the The Red River Delta and the master plan for socio-economic
development of the The Red River Delta to 2020 remain slow. There
is a lack of harmony between preservation and promotion; there is a
lack of connected planning, linkage mechanism and coordination
between the ministries, sectors and provincial People's Committees in
the region.
The second is that at present, there remains a lack of regulations,
separate management regulations on special national relics and
coordination mechanism between the state management agencies at

all levels.
The third is that the state management apparatus and personnel
of special national relics. There has not been a specialized and
synchronous managerial apparatus in the State management of
special national relics; the management model and the
decentralization of management of special national relics remains
ineffective as in many places, the management responsibility of
special national relics is directly taken on by People's committees at
commune level with people's custody contracts, and causing
extremely low quality of protection and preservation of relics and
antiques.
The fourth is that there remains the lack of high quality human
resources in management apparatus; the number of professionally
qualified officers is limited.
15


authorities are detected and resolved. Special national relics intrusion
is a serious problem in the cultural sector today. The investigation
findings prove that the inspection and examination of special national
relics in The Red River Delta are mostly reflected in individual letters
and mass media. The supervisory of the National Assembly and the
Father Front and other political-social organizations have yet to be
performed effectively. The have been delay in handling of violations
while penalty sanctions fail to prove their deterrence.
3.3. General assessment of current status of state management of
special national relics in The Red River Delta
3.3.1. Achievements in the state management of special national
relics in The Red River Delta
Firstly, legislation document system on cultural heritage

continues being supplemented and completed, contributing to the
enhancement of state management performance and raising the
general awareness of personnel in cultural heritage sector and society
as well as particular awareness of the value of special national relics.
Decree No. 70/2012/NĐ-CP dated September 18, 2012 by the
government and Circular No 18/2012/TT-BVHTTDL of December 28,
2012 by Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism have been timely
promulgated, contributing to quality improvement and minimizing
violations in reparing and embellishment of the relics. Provinces and
cities in The Red River Delta have almost promulgated documents on
special national relics management in the region. Basically, special
national relics have had master planned for preservation and promotion
of its value.
Secondly, the organizational apparatus of the agencies involved in
state management of special national relics is reformed toward lean
and decentralized tendency in line with reality. The training and
fostering of cadres and civil servants in the field of cultural heritage
has been increasingly standardized and the quality of the human
resources of the cultural heritage sector has been gradually improved.
Thirdly, in terms of resource mobilization, some localities have
performed good implementation of state management of special
national relics with the participation of the community. Socialization
acticities in forms of contributions and merit for the relics have
attracted the attention and supervision of the local authorities and
14

No.
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2
3

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
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density of 1.179 people /km2. The Red River Delta has a long-history
development, consists of the capital city of Hanoi and such developed
cities as Quang Ninh, Hai Phong, etc. which are the leading regions in
politics, economy, socio-culture of the country. Overall natural, economic
and sociocultural featuresof the area have a great influence on state
management of special national relics.
3.1.2. Special national relics in The Red River Delta area
By December 31st 2017, Viet Nam had 3,447 national relics in
total, 95 of them are recognized as special national relics. Among
them, there are 40 relics of various types including historical relics,
artistic and architectural relics, and archaeological relics belonging to
The Red River Delta area (accounting for 42.1%).
Table 3.2. Special national relics in The Red River Delta area
Province/
Recognized
Special national relics
municipalities
year

Historical archaeological relics of Central Sector
Hanoi
2009
of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long – Hanoi.
Historical relics of Ho Chi Minh's Vestige In
Hanoi
2009
The Presidential Palace Area
Beauty spot relics Ha Long Bay
Quang Ninh
2009
Historical and artistic architectural relics of
Hanoi
2012
Temple of Literature
Historical, artistic architectural and
Hanoi
2012
archaeological relics of Co Loa
Historical relics and beauty spot of Yen Tu
Quang Ninh
2012
Historical relics of Bach Dang
Quang Ninh
2012
Beauty spot of Trang An – Tam Coc – Bich
Ninh Binh
2012
Dong
Historical and artistic architectural relics of Hoa

Ninh Binh
2012
Lu Ancient Capital
Historical and artistic architectural relics of Con
Hai Duong
2012
Son – Kiep Bac
Artistic architectural relics of Keo pagoda
Thai Binh
2012
Historical and artistic architectural relics of Tran
Nam Dinh
2012
temple and Pho Minh pagoda
Historical relics of Hai Ba Trung temple
Hanoi
2013
Historical relics and beauty spot of Hoan Kiem
Hanoi
2013
lake and Ngoc Son temple
11


15
16
17
18
19
20

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Historical relics of Hat Mon temple
Historical and artistic architectural relics of Phu
Đong altar
Artistic architectural relics of Tay Dang temple
Artistic architectural relics of But Thap pagoda
Artistic architectural relics of Dau pagoda
Historical relics of Tran Dynasty
Beauty spot of Cat Ba island
Artistic and architectural relics of Soc temple

Historical and artistic architectural relics of Thay
pagoda and Sai Son rock
Artistic architectural relics of Tay Phuong
pagoda
Historical and artistic architectural relics of Phat
Tich pagoda
Historical relics relics of mausoleum and altars
for kings of the Ly dynasty
Historical relics of mausoleum and altars for
kings of the Tran dynasty
Historical and artistic architectural relics of Hien
street
Historical relics of Nguyen Binh Khiem altar
Historical relics and beauty spot of Tay Thien
Artistic architectural relics of Binh Son tower
Artistic architectural relics of Tran Thuong
temple
Historical relics and beauty spot of An Phu Kinh Chu - Nham Duong vestige
Art architectural relics of Keo Pagoda
Historical relics and beauty spot of Huong Son
vestige (Huong pagoda)
Artistic architectural relics of Chem temple
Historical relics of Cua Ong Temple
Historical of Mao Dien temple
Historical and artistic architectural relics of Xua
temple – Giam pagoda – Bia temple
Historical and artistic architectural relics Doi
Son pagoda (Long Doi Son pagoda)

12

Hanoi

2013

Hanoi

2013

Hanoi
Bac Ninh
Bac Ninh
Quang Ninh
Hai Phong
Hanoi

2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2014

Hanoi

2014

Hanoi

2014

Bac Ninh

2014

Bac Ninh

2014

Thai Binh

2014

Hung Yen

2014

Hai Phong
Vinh Phuc
Vinh Phuc

2015
2015
2015

Ha Nam

2015

Hai Duong

2016

Nam Đinh

2016

Hanoi

2017

Hanoi
Quang Ninh
Hai Dương

2017
2017
2017

Hai Duong

2017

Ha Nam

2017

3.2. Analysis of current status of state management of special
national relics in The Red River Delta
3.2.1 Formation, promulgulation and implemention of strategies,

planning, plans, policies, law on special national relics in The Red
River Delta
Special national relics and special national relics in The Red
River Delta in particular are subjected to the general regulation of
state-issued law documents including laws, decrees, circulars and
decisions. There is also a law document system issued by local
authority. Basically, overall plans for preserving and promoting the
value of special national relics in The Red River Delta approved by
competent authorities have already existed. Strategies, planning and
plans are major means for controlling and state management of
special national relics.
3.2.2. Organization of the appatus and personnel for state
management of special national relics in The Red River Delta
Managerial organization of special national relics in The Red
River Delta is asynchronous; there remains difference in organization
among management agencies under various management levels.
Officials and civil servants are unequal in number with the majority
concentrated in big cities; in addition, high-quality human resources
are deficient. The findings show that only 40% of officers at the
heritage management office of the Department of Culture, Sports and
Tourism have university degrees related to cultural heritage.
3.2.3. Mobilizing, managing and utilizing resources for
preservation and promotion of values of special national relics in
The Red River Delta
In the period 2010-2017, a huge resource was mobilized from
national and local budget to carry out programs and projects.
Investment in preservation of special national relics was allocated
100% by the state budget. Moreover, socialized resources have
significant contribution as findings of the research show that social
communities contribute 70% of the expenditure of relics

preservation, repair and embellishment.
3.2.4. Inspecting, examining and handling the violations of law in
state management of special national relics in The Red River Delta
Through inspection and examination, violations in several
13