THE MINERAL CONCHOLOGY OF GREAT BRITAIN V04, SOWERBY 1812 to 1834

lirjl-j

MINERAL COXCHOLOGY
OF

GREAT BRITAIX

:

oa

COLOURED FIGURES

.^ND

DESCRIPTIONS

OF rCOSE

REMAiyS OF TESTACXOUS jyniALS
oa

WHICH HAVE BEZN

By

PEE5ER^-ED AT VAHIOCS TIMS^ A>'D DEPTH' i\
THE Ea£TH.

JAMES SOWERBY,

HONORARY

F.L.S. GS. W.

S.

THE PHT«ICAX SOCIETY OF GOTTTXGEN. OF
THE SOCIETY OF JE>"A, (kc.

ME:?IBER OF

ALTHOS OF BRITISH SITSERALOGY, EXOTIC MIXERAXOGY,
TISH MISCELLASY, ENGLISH FUNGI, A EOIASICAL
DRAWi:fG BOOS, AND A SETST ELT;CIDATTOX

BPJ-

OF coLorRs;

DESIGXER OF ENGLISH BOTAXY.

Src.

Many, O Lord God, are thy Tronderfal works -which tLou hast dose;
they cannot be reckoned up in order to thee: if I -R-oiild declare antf
5peak of them; they are more than can be nombered.
P^.VEM xl. J.

VOL.

IV.

LONDON:
Priared by

W. ARDINS,

L'.otI's Kott, Si- Joli-'i

S tree: E^Jid;

And sold by J. D. C. and C. E. Sotvsrbt.No. 2. "ilead Piaee, Lambeth:
LosGMAX and Co. and Sherwood and Co. Patemoster-ReW; Ac.
Vii MDCCCXSHL



AMMONITES

Parkinsoni.

Tx\B. CCCVII.
Discoid, with numerous highly ele^

Spec. Char.

vated radii

exposed

whorls numerous, the inner ones

;

near the

radii slightly arched, bifid

;

front which

is

very narrow and plain.

VotuTiONS numerous, with shghtly convex
narrow edges

and nearly meet

their outer ends,

nearly

is

and

flat,

in

the east

an acute angle

at

upon the front, but do not pass over
shell

sides

the arched radii are bent forward at

:

it

the edge pf tha

:

hollow in conse-

it is

quence of the removal of the siphuncle

the aperture

;

is

oblong, narrowest towards the front.

This

the

is

Ammonite

so frequently split, polished,

and sold at Bath its outer surface is also often ground
and polished, shewing ramifying, sinuated, or simply
:

undulated edges

which
that

it

had

to the septa,

according to the depth to

Misled by worked specimens,

has been worked.

lost the flat space in the

middle of the edge,

I have erroneously referred this species to the

ganteus, at page 55 of Vol.
as are found near

given

me by

I.

Keynsham, and those

Dr. Lettsom,

all

The

a stratum not
it

is

known

A. giganteus

Vol. IV.

fine

specimens

and have more

species before us occurs chiefly in Lyas,
to contain

any

consequently never imbedded

like the

gi-

of which are flatter than,

even the variety a of the giganteus,
whorls.

Am.

while speaking of such

/3.

1 suspect

silicious deposit

in
it

Chert or Flint,

also

may

be found


in

Ae

lower beds of the Ironshot Oolite, as the specimen

from near Yeovil, and contains vestiges
of ferruginous grains. I am indebted to the kind atten-

now

figured

is

W.

tion of Dr.

E. Leach

for preserving

gothic hands of the mason,

who

of the essential characters of
still

is

it

from the

often as destructive

fossils, as

some dealers

continue to be of the natural forms of recent shells,

and who rob them without mercy of venerable coats that
had resisted with various success the combined efforts of
numerous sea-born enemies, whose ravages even, leave
marks more worthy of contemplation than the formal
beauty betrayed by the

file

or polishing brush.

Fig. 2 shews a cast of the margin
of an outer whorl found at Shotover

A section,

shewing the chambers

crystallized Carbonate of

Lyme,

is

;

it is

from a part

Hill, near Oxford.
filled partially

with

given at tab. 12 of

It often extends to 18 inches or
and
when cut thin and viewed by
more in diameter,
transmitted light, offers a specious excuse for the

British Mineralogy.

Mnscientific

mason.

3

AMMONITES

dentatus.

TAB. CCCVIII.
Spec. Char.

Discoid, iimbilicate, radiated

front

;

square* ; radii prominent and forked near
their commencement^, terminating upon tlie
edffes of the front.

Am.

Syn.

scrratus.

Parkinson in Trans, GeoL

V. 57.

Soc.

Although this shell may be described as umbilicated,
the inner whorls are in part exposed
the radii are
they are most prominent at a short
^lightly curved
distance from their commencement, where also they are
forked ; each branch is slightly enlarged and bent
forward upon the edge of the front, where it ends
thus
the front has two serrated edges, the intermediate space
being plain the aperture occupies about two-fifths of
the diameter of tlie (Shell in length, and is one-fourtli
in width.
This appears to be A. serratus of Parkinson but as
it is totally different from the Ammonite, to which that
name had been previously given at tab. 24 of this work,
it has become necessary to change it.
:

;

:

:

;

AMMONITES

laiitus.

Spec. Char.
Discoid, radiated ; inner whorls half
concealed ; front narrow, slightly concave ;
principal radii slender, varicose, or tuberculated near their commencement ; shorter radii
alternating, united in pairs to form compressed
upon the edges of the front.

tubercles

Am.

SvN.

Soc.

lautus.

Parkinson in Trans. GeoL

r. 58.

var. a, radii long, elegantly arched,
var.

/3,

cles

A HE
Sast,

radii short,

and regular.

irregular, with strong tuber-

near their commencement.

inner whorls are more exposed in this than in the
and the sides of the whorls generally more convex,

especially in a
in var. /3 the lesser radii are often joined
at the tubercles to the larger ones ; the form of the
:

aperture approaches to elliptical.
Figures 1 and 2 are from var.
* The

^at may

siphuiicle
deceive<.

ii

nofa^timej

a,

and

fig.

6

var.

decomposed away, and leaves

&

;

a hollow


fig. 3 shewing long radii
the others are intermediate
and figures 4 and 5 irregular radii
with large tubercles
with undefined tubercles.
;

;

AMMONITES

tuberculatus.

TAB. CCCX,—

Figs, 1, 2, and 3.
Spec. Char.
Depressed, radiated ; volutions gibbose, half concealed, front rather flat ; radii
arising- in threes from large round tubercles
and uniting in pairs to form large compressed
tubercles upon each edge of the front ; aperture suborbicular.
HE sides of the whorls are very convex especially in
shells which have the aperture transverse, the
round tubercles are placed near the middle of the side of
the whorl the radii after uniting to form the flat tubercles upon each edge of the fronts, bend forward and
continue over it as far as the siphuncle, which they meet
the length of the mouth is about twoat nn acute angle
iifths the diameter of the last whorl, its width variable
JL

voung

;

;

with age.

AMMONITES

proboscideiis.

TAB. CCCX.— Figs.

4 and 6.
Depressed, tuberculated ; volutions venfront concave
tubercles
tricose, partly concealed
upon the sides of the last whorl and both edges of

Spec. Char.

;

;

the front, subcylindrical ; aperture orbicular,
var. a, tubercles connected by very irregular and short
radii.
var. /3, destitute of radii.

—

A HE

orbicular aperture,

and elongated nearly cylindrical

there are about eight sets
of tubercles only upon each whorl, in the preceding species
there are 13 or more the front is broad but not well defined,
The aperture is about oneand th-e siphuncle very large.
third the diameter of the shell wide.
The four species of Ammonites above described are all from
a stratum of Marie below the Chalk at Folkstone ; they are also
found in a similar stratum at Cambridge and other places. It
is difficult to divide the species, as there appears to be a regular
series from that without tubercles (A. dentatus) to one witli
large flat tubercles upon the margin (A. auritus, M. C. t. 134-,)
and to another with cylindrical tubercles at each end of the
rays, (A. proboscideus) ; the extremes are, however, so distinct, that it is difficult to refuse them the rank of species.
They are all splendidly pearly shells, but are very apt to be
destroyed by the decomposition of the Pyrites, with which they
are commonly more or less completely filled; those parts that
are not pyritous are in the Folkstone specimens filled with klack

tubercles, distinguish this species

:

indurated Marie.

:


AMMONITES

Gulielmii.

TAB. CCCXI.
Spec. Char.
radiated

with

Lenticular,
;

volutions exposed

a narrow front,
radii dissimilar,

;

terminating' in small tubercles, principal radii

furnished with two tubercles near their com-

mencement.

A.

VERY

flat

bordered by two rows of tubercles

shell,

that terminate the radii upon the edges of a flat front

the longer radii have each a tubercle at the

ment and another

they divide and alternate with shorter radii

arched and rather acute

more than one-third

A

commence-

at about one-third their length,

;

the aperture

:

where

they are

is elliptical,

as wide as long.

very elegantly marked

Ammonite

;

the specimen

retains part of its pearly shell with the coat over

some

of

it

to

in the clay

me some

Dr.

years ago

W.
;

E. Leach kindly pre-

I suspect

it

was found

above the Kelloways Rock.

This elegant shell I have named after one of

Oxford

friends.

good, a commemoration which

do

my oldest

Dr. George WiUian\s, Regius Professor

of Botany, an assiduous lover of

gratify

it

volutions are filled with Carbonate of Lime,

its

others with Iron Pyrites.

sented

all

rather

science and

will, I

have no doubt,

many, who, when thinking of him,

a reviving pleasure

and esteem.

every

will feel as I



TEREBRATULA

coarctata.

TAB. CCCXIL—Figs,
Spec. Char.

1 to 4.

Subheptagonal, gibbose^ hispid, and

decussated

;

lesser valve convex, subtrilobated

larger valve biplicated, with a deep angular
sulcus

SvN.

between the

plaits.

Terebratulites coarctatus.

Rem.

Parkinson Org,

III. 229.

Terebratula reticulata.

Smith Strut.

Si/st^

83. Strata identified. 30. fig, 10.

would be more correct to describe this shell
two of the sides being genethe length is rendered
convex
and
small
very
rally
the
projecting
beak the two
greater than the width by
Jl

ERHAPs

it

as five than as seven-sided,

:

:

plaits or ridges

upon the larger valve appear

up, whence the

name

:

as if pinched

the minute bristles that render the

surface hispid, are short, often tubular, and are situated

upon the angles of intersection of the two sets of lines,
of which the longitudinal are elevated and cut by the
transverse.

This is characteristic of the clay upon the Great or

I have received it from C. W. Loscombe,
Bath Oolite
Esq. and other friends from Hinton, near Bath, &c.
Supposing this to be T. coarctatus of Parkinson, I have
retained that name for it, and applied Smith's name
reticulata to the following, which he either did not know,
;

or did not think to be a distinct species.

Walcott
his

in his

It

is

figured by

Petrefactions found near Bath, No, 28

specimens are from

Hampton Down.

;

TEREBRATULA

reticulata.

TAB. CCCXIL— Figs,
Spec. Char.
sated

6.

Obovate, gibbose, subhispid, decusfront obscurely 3-sided

;

convex

6 and

;

;

lesser valve

larger valve obtusely biplicated, with

a shallow channel between the ridges.

Terebratula reticulata

M.

HE general form of

last

:

.?

Sniith.

much rounder than
much elevated, and the

this is

the ridges are not

hardly rise above the surface, but appear as
into

it

;

it is

Found

if

of the
spines

pressed

also a larger species.

in stone excavated for the alteration

and im-

provement of the Road between Nunney and Frome,
by my kind Friend the Rev. John Ireland who firs^
pointed

it

out as distinct.


9

Spec. Char.

A

longituclinal, equalvalved, cu-

neiform, bivalve,

open

at the

larger

end

without teeth, Avith a margiAninal, partly internal, linear cartilage.
mal attached by a byssns. Muscular impression nearly central.

hinge

lateral,

J\h there is no danger of confounding any other genus
with Pinna, no difficulty will occur on that head, but
the distinction of the species is by no means easy, they
so nearly resemble each other in form.
It is one of
those perfectly natural and insulated Linnean genera
in which it has been found needless to form any division.
The general form is an acute isoceles triangle, with the
shorter side rounded and gaping, and the acute angle
sometimes truncated
it is described by Linneus as
siibbivalvis in consequence of the close connexion of the
valves by the linear cartilage, a connexion rendered so

close often by being on the hollow side, as to prevent
all motion of the valves, which in one species even
(P. saccata) sometimes grow together at the opposite
The fibrous structure of the outer coat, which
edfijes.
extends far beyond the inner pearly one, has become ia
a manner proverbial
but the outer coat of other shells,
even univalves, is generally composed of perpendicular
fibres, although not often of so coarse or loose a texture,
and seldom extending far beyond the inner laminated
compactor pearly coats.
In the a,"enus Perna, however,
this structure is more remarkable from the length of th®
:

;

fibres,

PINNA
TAB.

tetragoiia.

CCCXIII.-^-F/^.

1.

Spec. Char.

Narrov/, smooth, or obscurely
ribbed, prismatic
valves longitudinally
carinated with a suture in the middle.
;

8yn.

Pinna tetragona.
P. subquadrivalvis

Brocchi, II. 589.
?
Lata. Hist. Nai.

VI. 134.

About twice as long as wide, with many slightly elevated ridges chiefly placed above the suture section
nearly square, but varir.bh\
Tlse imperfections in the specimens describsd by
;


10
Broccbs and Lamarck (manifested by the remains being
still more extensive in the one
only an imperfect cast in sand
mixed with a small portion of Mica, the carinated form
of the valves may arise from pressure, since recent specimens are very apt to break in that direction, and

almost every fossil Pinna has more or less of that form
hence the doubts that exist respecting the identity of
the two species above quoted, neither of which is
iigured.
The subject of my figure was sent me from
Devizes by Mrs. Gent, I have another cast in sand
probably of the same Pinna, from Sandfoot Castle, on
the Isle of Wight, upon which some of the shell remains. I am indebted to Miss Benett for it.
"wholly pearly,) are
before us, which is

:

PINNA affinis.
TAB. CCCXIIL— Fig.

2.

Spec. Char.

Cuneiform, ventricose, straight,
longitudinaliy ribbed, rather thick, smooth.

^Nearly related to P. ingens, but shorter, smoother,
and thicker the ribs are small, but slightly elevated,
and disappear near the edge opposed to the hinge the
:

:

length is not much greater than the Avidth a considerable portion of the shell is pearly.
Very abundant in the sandstone of the Bognor Rocks,
where it is accompanied by an Anomia, similar to one
commonly attached to the recent Pinna ingens. It has
also been found at Mighgate in Septaria composed of
sandy Marie.
1 suspect Lamarck's P. margaritacea
juay be the same species deprived of its fibrous coat.
:

PINNA

'

arcuata.

TAB. €CCXIII.— 1^*^.
Spec. Char.

Nearly

3.

ventricose,

equilateral,

finely ribbed, arched.

Nearly

as deep as long ; the hinge line is gently
the opposite edge much arched ; in other respects this strongly resembles the last.
Having several specimens of this arched Pinna from
Highgate exactly alike, as well in curvature as size,
it appears td
I cannot but consider if a distinct species
it occurs in
fee quite different iVum V. iruiuvu i>f Linn,
Septaria.

curved

;

:

:


11

AXINITS.

A

free eqiialvalved, trans v^se,
anterior side very sliort ; posterior
bivalve
^ide produced, truncated, with a lunette

near the beaks hinge with a long oblique
ligament placed in a furrow.

Gen. Char.
;

:

The

regular lunette, and tl^e extremely short anterior
with the hinge cartilage extended alonj^ almost
the whole of its edge, seem to point out this as a
distinct genus, and it is much to be regretted that there
is very little probability of discovering the interior strucThe
ture of the hinge, but I suspect it has no teeth.
shell appears to be thin, but I can trace neither the
cicatrices of the muscles, nor of the edge of the mantle
in the angulatiis, which I consider the type of the genus.
The name,* and indeed the genus itself, cannot be
considered as well established, until more is known
a bad name is
respecting the shells included under it
however better than none.
side,

:

AXINITS
TAB.

Spec. Char.

Obovate,

ansuiatus.
53

subhexangular

;

pos*

teriorly cuneiform, surface subbicarinated

beaks small, recurved.
A. DEPRESSED shcll, whose greatest length is nearly
perpendicular to the hinge cartilage; the base (front)
rounded terminated at each end by an angle Irom which
the anterior keel
two obtuse keels run up to the beaks
is sharpest, near to and almost parallel with the hinge the
posterior keel is very obtuse, from it to near the lunette
the surface is almost flat, but just upon its border the
the
shcll rounds with an obtuse angle upon its e^^e
lunette is impressed, ovate, pointed, aud curved.
Found in the London Clay, near the White Conduit
House at Islington and by Mr. i^ibbs in clay brought
up from a weU in the road irom Vauxhall to Wandsworth, generally filled with Pyrites.

;

:

:

;

*^

Taken from the

hat

12

AXIKUS
Spec. Char.

Obovate, posteriorly cuneiform

anteriorly

rounded

one obtuse keel

ooMEWHAT

obsc'urus.

;

surface convex, with

beaks

;

large.

resembling" the last in form, hut not so wide,

and having no angles upon the anterior end
specimens are

all

casts the lunette

is

;

as the

not observable,

but the impressions of the muscles and the edge of the

marked the latter is entire.
This uncommon shell was brought to me by Mr.
Farey, from Garforth Cliff quarry, near Leeds, where

uianlle are strongly

it

'was

discovered by

;

Wm.

Esq. and also

Siiiithson,

from Selby, eight miles distant, supposed to be out of
the Magnesian Limestone, a rock but sparingly supplied with fossil shells.

The

cast enclosed in the

mass

of stone (see the lowest figure,) may possibly be another
Mr.
species, but it is too imperfect to decide upon.

Farey found

it

by the road-side one mile N.

W.

of

Pontefract, in a stratum 6 or 8 inches thick, probably
similar to another at

Westbridge Hill

the shell remaining upon

it.

;

it

has part of

13

ASTARTE

roi^atos.

TAB. CCCXYI.
Spec. Char.

when

Obovate, anteriorly siibtnmcated,

young' transversely costated,

wards

slightly

erenidated

wrinkled

concave,

lunette

;

after-

edge internally

;

obovate,

pointed.

j\.

RATHER gibbose

short lunette

;

shell,

with a regularly concave

the costce extend only a

beyond the

little

beaks, and are often entirely lost by erosion, although
the animal probably inhabited ancient seas,

judge from
&c.

its

if

we may

analogy to A. Scotica, Danmoniensis,

to the latter it

bears so strong a resemblance that

might easily be taken for it, were it not more gibbose
and smoother, or rather, not regularly costated. Fig. 1

it

represents a young individual, the edge of which

is

not

crenated, neither are there any crenulations upon the

edges of those given
chipped

all

round,

at figures 2

it

is

and

3,

but as they are

possible that they

been crenulated when perfect

:

may have

the entire edge

only character that distinguishes A. Scotica from

moniensis

:

I

have doubts respecting

in the present case

shell
it

am

its

is

the

Dan-

sufficiency,

and

not inclined to admit the young

with an entire edge to the rank of a species, since

exactly agrees Avith the marks upon the

umbones of

the larger shells.

Found

at

through the

Highgate when the Archway was digging
hill.


/


15

PRODTTCTUS

Martini,

TAB. CCCXYIL—Ftgs,

and

2, 3,

4.

Spec. Char.
Semicylindrical, convex above,
with a flattened front, deeply striated, spinous lesser valve nearly flat, deeply inserted hinge line equal to the width of the
;

;

shell.

Syn.

Anomites
tab.

Martm

prodiictus.

22./.

2,

1,

and

Pet. Derh.

3.

-I- HIS is the Productus spoken of at p. 158 of the first
it is distini^uished from every other
Vol. of this work
by the width of its hinge, the neatness of its rather
distant stria?, and the great length of its produced
the ridges between the strife are often furcated
front
upon the front, where also all vestiges of spines ia
very seldom are spines found in
general disappear
connexion with any part, but the casts shew the roots
of spines scattered over the convex surface, and disposed in two rows upon each ear the few spines I have
met with are long and pointed.
Not uncommon in the Derbyshire Limestone. Fig, 4
represents a cast in ochracious sandstone, from the river
Barn, in Yorkshire ; favoured by Mr. ])anby some years
ago.
Fig. 3 is from a large, very concave, specimen, somewhat corrugated, and thus intermediate between P.
Martini and the following.
;

:

:

:

PKOBUCTUS

antiquatus.

TAB. CCCXYII.— F^^5.

1,

5 and

6.

Spec. Char. Semicylindrical, short, very convex above, longitudinally sulcated and transversely corrugated, spinous ; lesser valve
nearly flat
hinge-line shorter than the
width of the shell.
Annomites semistriatus ? Martin Pet.
SY^.
;

Derh.

tab.

32 and 33. /, 1,2,

3,

and

4.

Distinguished from the last by its less regular stride,
and in being corrugated the sides near the hinge are
particularly rugged
it is in general also a larger and
;

;

shorter shell.


1(3

The specimen fii^. 5. is from Cloghran in the couiify
of Dublin, and was give^i me by Mr. Joseph Humphreys.
Fig-. 6 is from Derbyshire, through the kindness of the late Mr. Salt; it is by no means an uncommon shell in the Mountain Limestone. I have quoted
Martin's figures with a doubt, because my specimens
are not enough reticulated to agree with thein, though
they are probably only varieties of his semireticiilatus,

PR0DUCTU8

concinnus.

TAB. CCCXYllL— Fig.

I.

Semicylindrical, convex above,
Spec. Char.
with a concave front and narrow back,
lesser valve
neatly striated and spinous
flat, deeply inserted.
J\. POLISHED, thin, evenly made shell, much resem;

bling P. Martini, but smaller and smoother.
Found in very dark brown Limestone in Derbyshire
The flat space
and near Richmond in Yorkshire.
around the edge of the lower valve occurs also in P.
Martini, as Mr. Martin's excellent figure sitews, but it
does not appear to be constant.

PRODUCTUS

lobatus.

TAB. CCCXY III.— Figs.

2 to 6.
very
convex,
Bilobed,
furrowed,
Spec Char.
few.
spines

spinous
and
;

In

general form

much

like

P. Martini,

but divided

two lobes by a deep cavity along the front extending to the beak the sulci or deep strise are few,
and the hinge as long as the shell is wide, which is
seldom three-quarters of an inch.
Fig. 2 exhibits two views of a specimen, in which
the shell is almost rotten it is from the same locality
into

:

;

as the following.
they are
Figs. 3 and 4 are remarkably elongated

from a kind of Marie, probably decomposed Limestone,
that occurs in Well Houses farm, belonging to the Rt,
Hon. and Rev. Lord Charles Annesly, at his seat
called Little Park Tower, in Northumberland, and are
:

accompanied by P. Concinnus.
it was
collected by Dr.
Fi"". 5 is in Limestone
W. E. Leach on the Island of Arran.
Fi«-. 6 is from a cast in Sandstone, and shews the
bases of four spines very regularly placed it is from
;

:

Cuu>berland.
1

have

this species also frogj

Derbyshire.


17

FRODUCTUS

hon-idus.

TAB. CCCXIX.— Fig.
Spec. Char.

1.

Quadrangular, with a large

fur-

row along the middle, eared, thorny; ears
prominent, subcylindrical
beak much in;

curved, large.

J-

HE spines are scattered

all

over the surface upon ob-

scure ridges, are large and rather numerous, those upon
the ears are placed in rows and are particularly strong
the surface of the larger valve

is

so

much

:

curved, that

the ears appear to project from the mitidle of the sides

;

they are rather large, convex above and concave beneath
both sides have spines the lesser valve is very concave;

Not very rare in Derbyshire, communicated by Mr.
White Watson, from the seventh bed of his first Limestone,

probably Magnesian,

as

it

is

above the Coal

series.

PRODUCTUS

sulcatus.

TAB. CCCXIX.— Fig.
^Spec. Char.

Semicylindrical,

2.

short,

convex

above, with a concave space along the
middle; spinose? coarsely sulcated hinge
;

line as long as the shell is wide.
J.

HE concave space along the middle, and the distance

of the furrows from each other, distinguish this from


F, antiquatus,* tab. 317

:

the remains of spines are so

obscure that, except upon the ears, their existence

is

doubtful.

Tlie only individual
Avas given

me

I

have met with of

this species

by the late Mr. Jonathan Salt

:

it is

from

Derbyshire.

* By some mistake the reference to Martin's
" semistriatus" instead of " senn'reticiriatus."

Synonym

is

givea


19

PKOBUCTUS giganteiis.
TAB. CCCXX.
Transversely oblong;, with dilated

Spec. Char.
sides,

irregular striae, longitu-

and rugose

dinally undulated

larger valve gibbose.

;

Conch. Anomites

Syn.

3Iartm

giganteus.

Fct. Derh. tab. 15.

from the edge to the highest part of the
from
valve the length is equal to the width, but

Measuring
gibbose

the front to the hinge

it

is

much

less

:

the expanded

pointed
sides do not form distinct ears, but are rather
in general a

more prominent

:

elevation near the

there

is

front,

otherways the undulations are very irregular, and

often branched

:

the

strire

are extremely irregular,

much

they are numerous.

The

branched, and inosculated
cast of the interior

is

:

very remarkable, hut not so striking

as that exhibited in the next plate, which

somewhat

it

resembles.

Two

views of a Derbyshire specimen given

me by

acit is

Mr. Martin are represented upon this plate
1 have the same species
companied by F. Maitini.
;

from Yorkshire.


20

PRODUCTUS

personatus.

TAB. CCCXXI.
Spec. Char.
ated,

Hemispherical, irregularly

beneath very concave

larger valve are three

within the

;

deep

stri-

cavities,

one

connected with the beak, and two remote.

X ROM

the impressions of

cavities,

tlie

which become

protuberances, the cast of the larger valve has the apj)earance of a bird's head

prominent, but are large

;

;

the remote ones are not very
that about the beak

is

divided

into three lobes, of which the lateral ones are striated,

and the central one
berances by a ridge.

is

connected with the remote protu-

The

with small spines, but this

surface
is

was probably covered

not well ascertained.

Such is the resemblance of this shell to a face, that
name personatus was thought apposite when less

the

;

completely deprived of the
figured, there

shell

than the specimen

remain numerous small elevations which

are probably the bases of spines, these have been taken
for the roots of feathers,

and so strong a resemblance was

then found to an owl's head, that the owner of a large
specimen, which he brought to shew me, would hardly be
persuaded that it coiihl he any tiling else. This speci-

men was found

in

Derbyshire

one picked up near Kendal.

:

the figure

is

taken from


21

PRODUCTU8

luimerosus.

TAB. CCCXXII.
8pec. Char.

Oblong,

squareish,

depressed,

striated, spinose? or hispid?
liin-e line less

than the width of the valve;
in the larger
valve are two very deep
cavities near the
beak, and a third connected
with the

beak

front flattish.

As

no other indications of

this species than
casts re^
the existence of spines
and striae upon it can
only he inferred from the
punetums which are arrano^ed
in irregular rows upon
the cast of the larger
valve ''the
protuberances that correspond
to those cavities
which
are distant from the beak,
are blunt cones;
while that
-hidi filled the beak is obscurely
divided into four lobt
and bears a slight resemblance
to a

main

•

high shoulders, as the name
implies.
exceeds the width.

head between two

The length^icimei
rather
""

From Breden, near Derby, by
favour

of the lamented

British Mineralogy, tab.
217, as an example of M.o.„e!
"^
sian Limestone in
which it occurs.


22

PRODUCTUS

pimctatLis.

TAB. CCCXXIll.
Spec. Char.

Transversely obovate,

gibbose,

depressed in the middle, hispid

surface

;

composed of concentric imbricated laminae;
lesser valve nearly

flat.

Conch. Anomites punctatus.
Pet. Derb. tab. 37. /. 6, 7, and 8.

Syn.

A

Marliu

SHORT hinge hue, and a beak not very prominent^

The

give this Productus a regularly obovate outline.

and minutely punc-

cast appears transversely striated

tated

the

:

regular

striae

are above a line apart, and are very

when a

the punctums are impressed except

:

portion of the shell remains, and then they are elevated
it is

only

when the whole thickness

that the real nature of

it

:

of the shell exists,

can be ascertained

:

it

is

then

found to consist of lamince placed at regular distances,

and pressed close upon each other

:

the surface

is

hispid,

but the bristles appear to be very short.

Mountain Limestone of Derbyshire, and often contains Bitumen, crystals of CarboMy good friend, S. Wright, Esq.
laate of Lime, &c.
of Cork, has sent me specimens from the Black Rock
This

in

is

found

his county,

in the

where they are

in

common

with other

the stone, reduced to a soft state

had been, along with

and then bent about

in this rock, too, the shells are

more incorporated with

fossils

much

the stoncj

distorted, as if they

and

:

their small parts less distinct.


TEEEBKATULA

acuminata.

TAB. CCCXXIV.— Fi^.
Spec. Char.

Heartsbapecl, front

1.

much

elevated,

with a deep aciite-angidar sinus in the margin

;

surface finely striated.

Conch. Anomites acuminatns,

8yn.

Pet. Bcrh. tab. 32 and 33. /.

A

KATiiER glbbose shell

that the upper valve

ovate lobes
striae

:

the front

is

5, G, 7,

so

much

and

byshire,

elevated,

nearly divided into two distinct

the beaks arc very small, and the

numerous

and

Scaliber, near Settle in Yorkshire, in
in the

latter place S.

cimens.

Der-

Black Rock near Cork, from which

Wright, Esq. has favoured me with spe-

It strongly resembles the Terebratula, fig. 1,

plate 246, of the Encyclopedic Methodique, but

not so strongly striated.

Lamarck
VI.

8.

inconspicuous.

Found on

in

is

;

Marlin

in his Hist.

p. 257.

l)ut

This

is

named T.

by

Nat. des Aniuiaux sans Vertebres,

I suspect he has

Spirifer cuspid atus.

spirifera

is

confounded

it

with