Memoirs MCZ 5402

/IDemoirs of tbe flDuseum of Comparative ZoolOQp

AT

HARVARD COLLEGE
Vol. LIV. No.

2.

SOME ADDITIONAL FOSSIL ECHINI
FROM JAMAICA
BY

BENJAMIN WALWORTH ARNOLD

and

HUBERT LYAL\N CLARK

WITH FIVE PLATES

CAMBRIDGE,
IPrtnteD for tbe

U.

S. A.

/Duseum

December, 1934

SOME ADDITIONAL FOSSIL ECHINI
FROM JAMAICA
After

M.

C.

the publication of our

Z., 50, no. 1)

amount

large

Memoir on Jamaican

the senior author spent

of additional material.

Much

Mem.

Fossil Echini (1927,

some time

in

Jamaica and secured a

of this very naturally duplicates the

species already recorded but there are 13 specimens which represent apparently

new

and a few others which

species

seemed advisable to prepare

new forms and such

call for special

comment.

this report giving descriptions

has therefore

It

and

figures of the

additional information as will help to a l)etter understanding

of the fossil echini of Jamaica.'

The new

species here described represent nine genera of which one

is

new

to

and four others were not previously listed from Jamaica. It is a regrettable
that three of the new species must be referred to the heterogeneous group

science
fact

called Macropneustes. It

and

pedicellariae to

is

exceedingly

difficult in

the absence of spines, fascioles

draw generic lines among spatangoids satisfactorily. It is
however regrettable it maybe, that certain genera become

therefore unavoidable,
large

and unwieldly assemblages

of

forms which are not perhaps really closely

related.

In the following pages the same systematic sequence

is

used as in our Memoir.

Notes on previously described genera and species are thus intercalated in

natural position

among

the

new

We

forms.

prefer,

however, to mention here a

specimen of Ananchytes, which was found among stones and other
posed to be of local origin, in a
(i.e.

appearance

it

Hill.

of

to Jamaica, probably in

The death

curios, sup-

It is

an internal mould

mm.

long, 30

mm.

was obviously dug out of chalk and has the dark gray
similar specimens from England. So far as we can see this

seems almost certain that

England
'

Richmond

It

the English Ananchytes ovatus.

and

at

the cast of the interior of the test) and measures 37

and 22 mm. high.

is

box

of the senior author,

The genus

is

not

their

known from

the

West

wide
flinty
fossil

Indies,

specimen must have been brought from
a box of curios.
this

November

8,

1932, prevented the completion of the paper as

But this is now made possible through the
generous cooperation of Mrs. Arnold. Mr. Arnold was an unusual field worker and collector and his
enthusiasm was contagious. He secured the assistance of natives in Jamaica to a remarkable extent and
originally planned

and has

seriously delayed

its

publication.

to get together an extraordinary collection of Jamaican fossil echini. Neaily all of this, inthe holotypes and most of the paratypes of our new forms, is now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, the generous gift of the Arnold estate. In the death of Mr. Ainold this museum loses a

was thus able
cluding

all

generous friend, and science the services of an unpretending and enthusiastic collector.

— H.

L. C.


JAJVIAICAN FOSSIL ECHINI

140

ECHINID.4E
SCOLIECHINUS AXIOLOGUS
Mem. M.

Arnold and Clark, 1927.

C.

Z., 50, p. 23.

A

badly weathered specimen of this species, previously known only from the
holotype, measures 27 mm. in diameter. The characteristic arrangement of the
pore-pairs

evident, but the tubercles are

is

stome with conspicuous

from what part

of

all

badly worn down. The large peri-

gill-cuts is a noticeable feature.

There

specimen came. ^'\L&

^a.be\

Jamaica

this

is

nothing to show
SQ-^.:

\AoUwrs

ECHINOMETRID.\E
ECHINOMETRA LUCUNTER
Echinus lucunter Lione, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 665.
Echinomelra lucunter Loven, 1887. Bih. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., 13

A

(4), no. 5, p. 157.

perfectly fossihzed Echinometra, with the oral surface

still

imbedded

in a

fragment of open, porous hmestone, seems to be unquestionably identical with

common on

the recent species so
long, 34

each

arc,

mm.

the coast of Jamaica today. It measures 38

wide and about 20

in St.

high. There are as a rule 6 pore-pairs in

and only one with 7
Ehzabeth Parish.

a few have but

men was found

mm.

mm.

5,

is visible.

This interesting speci-

CLYPEASTRIDAE
Clypeaster antillarum
Cotteau, 1875.

We

Kongl. Sven. Vet. Akad. Hand]., 13, no.

with considerable hesitation, to this species, a Cl>T)easter with a

refer,

flat oral surface,

figure given
figs. 1

and

2)

6, p. 15.

a well-arched dorsal side

by Jackson
,

but

and

large petals,

which resembles the

(1922, Carnegie Inst. Washington, publ. no. 306, pi. 5,

differs in

having the test narrower, especially posteriorly. The

upper surface

is

badly weathered so that the details of the petals are obscured.

The specimen

is

100

gray

in color.

The

mm.

long, 78

exact locality

mm.
is

wide and 26

not known.

mm.

high,

and

is

light slate

\

,

^0*/^'


CLYPEASTRIDAE
Clypeaster eurychorus
Plate

mm.

Test 132

mm.

long, 114

ments are approximate

The highly arched

test

1, figs.

1

141

'

sp. nov.

and 2

mm.

wide and 51

high at apex; these measure-

owing to the defective condition of the specimen.
slopes more rapidly and uniformly anteriorly than posonly,

teriorly; apex a httle posterior to center; text thicker through interambula-

crum 5 than

mm. and

ambulacrum

in

3

is

nearly Hat for 20

then slopes quite abruptly to margin; apical system about 10

diameter markedly elevated,

center about 4

its

mm.

mm.

in

above the proximal part

Petaloid area very large covering about two-thirds of the dorsal

of the petals.

and V, obovate, 56 mm. long by 35 mm. wide, almost closed diswith poriferous areas nearly 10 mm. wide where widest and inter poriferous

surface; petals
tally,

posterior to the apex the test

;

area nearly 16

I

mm.

across; petals II

43 x 32 mm., open 3 or 4 mia. at

tip,

and interporiferous, 15 mm.; petal
others, about 56 x 32 nam.

was nearly

;

and IV shorter and more broadly obovate,
with poriferous areas about 8.5

III, relatively longer

the extreme tip

is

mm.

In

all

and narrower than the

wanting but apparently the petal

or quite closed; poriferous areas 8 or 9

poriferous barely 15

mm. across

mm.

across with the inter-

the petals the pore-pairs are crowded, 10-12 to

a centimeter, the ridges between the pairs carry a single series of about 10
tubercles.

pores

Whole tuberculation

5, fairly distinct,

of aboral surface rather close

about 5 or 6

Oral surface more or

less

mm. from

and

fine.

Genital

center of abactinal system.

concealed in matrix; so far as visible,

it is

quite flat

with no indication of concavity or even of a depression about the mouth, which
is

Periproct not certainly deterininable

wholly concealed.

about 4

mm.

Holotype (M. C.
definite locality is

This species

its

Z. 3,474)

center

is

9

mm. from

apparently,

posterior

end

it

is

of test.

and only specimen, from Jamaica but no more

known.

is

combined with the
distinctive.

and

in diameter

;

any other of the West Indian forms, the height
closed petals and the flat oral surface being sufficiently

quite unlike
large,

Whether the elevation and

position of the abactinal system

and

the abrupt slope of the posterior end of the test are constant features remains to

be shown but

if

they

are, the species is

the same group with duchassaingi
'

eOpix<^pos

=

unmistakable.

It

seems to belong in

MicheUn and ambigenus (Lamarck).

spacious, in reference to the big petals.


JAMAICAN FOSSIL ECHINI

142

FIBULARIIDAE
SiSMONDIA CRUSTULA
Hawkins, 1927.

We

Mem. M.

C.

Z., 50, p. 78.

are glad to report that a single specimen of this species

was secured

in

was not recorded.

1928, but the exact locality

SCUTELLIDAE
Encope homala
Plate

Test 115

mm.

ambulacrum

in

half of test

III; at

little

mm.

but

mm.

it is

is

its chief

features are

shaped, the axis of each ray about 6
pores set well

down

in

and possibly

;

it

madreporite conspicuously star-

long, with

each interambulacrum 2

ray of the madreporite; in interambulacrum
3

was never arched and only a
This system has been damaged by

evident

mm.

1

numerous

mm.

in 3,

and

more from the

tip of the

one right at the tip of the

in 4, a single pore as usual is present; in 5, there are

probably 2 pores but possibly only
Petaloid area about

or

fine pores; genital

there are at least 2 pores, probably

4; in 2, there are 2 pores, the larger

madreporic ray;

thick; greatest thickness

Test somewhat crushed and no

evident that

still

mm.

only 5 mm., and whole posterior

thick.

elevated at abactinal system.

crushing but

1

2, fig.

margin thickness

artificially

sp. no\'.

wide, and only 9

uniformly about 5

is

doubt flattened
very

long, 100

'

40%

1.

of dorsal surface; petals I

and V, 40 mm. long and
and IV, 32 mm. long, 12

mm. wide, open distally about I^o mm.; petals II
mm. wide, apparently nearly closed at tip; petal III, 36 mm. long, 13 mm. wide,
well open at tip, apparently for about 3 mm. Marginal notches probably presmm. deep and about 4 mm. wide; in II
ent in all ambulacra; in I and V, 5 or
and IV, 6 or 7 mm. deep and 5 or 6 mm. wide; in III, 10 nnn. deep, about 5
mm. wide and nearly or more probably quite clo.sed in at margin, forming a
kmule. Interambulacral lunule in area 5, about 20 mm. long, nearly 5 mm.
wide, its posterior end about 13 mm. from margin of test.
12

Oral surface wholly concealed by matrix. Color of specimen light gray-brown,

with interporiferous areas hghter and poriferous areas darker.
llolotype (M.

C Z. 3,475)
'

ifiaXoi

=

and only specimen, from the parish

flat, level, in

reference to the unusually

flat test.

of

Manchester.


NtJCLEOLITIDAE
This Encope

143

very different from any of the recent species of the genus,

is

nor do we find any of the

fossil

forms, of which a

number have

recently been de-

any nearer. Aside from the very flat test, the position of the
pores and the form of the lunules are very distinctive characters.
scribed,

genital

NUCLEOLITIDAE
Haimea

vs.

Patjropygus

Shortly after the pubUcation of our Memoir, Professor Hawkins kindly called

our attention to the fact that Lambert (1925,
232) had recorded

Haimea

caillaudi Michelin

Comp. Rev.

Soc. Geol. France, p.

from Spring Mount, Jamaica, and

seemed to be probable that our genus Pauropygus was a pure synonym of

Haimea. Through the great kindness of Senor Mario Sanchez Roig of Havana

it

we have

received one of the Spring

Haimea. There
elevatus.

is

no doubt that

Mount

it is

specimerLS identified

a

Careful comparison of MicheUn's description and figure with Jamaican

synonym

of

Haimea and P.

elevatus is

H.

caillaudi.

is

right,

list

fossil echini

become necessary and

number

of this

of

West

for convenience of other workers

we

them herewith:

Pauropygus Arnold & Clark, 1927 = Haimea Michelin, 1851, Rev. et Mag. Zool.,
Haimea caillaudi Michelin, I.e. p. 2, pi. 2, fig. 2.
Pauropygus alius Arnold & Clark becomes Haimea alia (A. & C.)
Oligopygus alvarezi Lambert & Sanchez Roig becomes Haimea alvarezi (L. & S. R.)
Pauropygus convexus Arnold & Clark becomes Haimea convexa (A. & C.)
Pauropygus cylindricus Arnold & Clark becomes Haimea cylindrica (A. & C.)
Pauropygus elevalus Arnold & Clark is a synonym of Haimea caillaudi Mich.
Pauropygus lalus Arnold & Clark becomes Haimea lata (A. & C.)
3.

Pauropygus

As a consequence

interesting discovery, certain changes in the nomenclature of a

Indian

as

a fairly typical example of our Pauropygus

specimens of Pauropygus have satisfied us that Lambert
is

by Lambert

no. 2, pp. 2

and

Type-species,

Pauropygus ovumserpenlis Arnold & Clark, i.e. Echinolanipas ovumserpentis Guppy,
Haimea ovumserpenlis (Guppy).
Pauropygus parvipetalus Arnold & Clark, becomes Haimea parvipeiala (A. & C.)
Pauropygus platypelalus Arnold & Clark becomes Haimea platypetala (A. &. C.)
Pauropygus pyramidoides Arnold & Clark becomes Haimea pyramidoides (A. & C.)
Pauropygus rotundus Arnold & Clark becomes Haimea rotunda (A. & C.)
Pauropygus rugosus Arnold & Clark becomes Haimea rugosa (A. & C.)
Pauropygus stenopetalus Arnold & Clark becomes Haimea stenopelala (A. & C.)

All of the specimens of

Haimea

collected in

Jamaica

into one or the other of the species already described.

and no individual whose

identification has caused

becomes

in 1928 fall very easily

There are no new forms
difficulty.

There are a

specimens of several of the rarer species but unfortunately

number

of additional

there

no additional material

is

any

1866,

of platypetala.


JAMAICAN FOSSIL ECHINI

144

CASSIDULIDAE

Cassidulus platypetalus
Plate

Test 34
of

mm.

mm.

long, 28

length and height

1, figs.

sp.

nov.

3-5

wide and 18

Surface so

is .53.

'

mm.

high; width

much weathered

thus about .80

is

that tubercles are visible

only in a part of interambulacrum 3; they are small, well-spaced and not peculiar.

Test broadly oval,

wider across petals

I

and

V

than

of test;

out; test

is

anterior to the

it is

Apical system distinctly excentric anteriorly, only 15

apex.

end

little

mm. from

anterior

no genital pores or other features of the apical system can be made
nearly flat apically and slopes abruptly, almost vertically to the

ambitus at anterior end, but posteriorly

it

slopes very gradually to the periproct

and then more abruptly to ambitus. Periproct conspicuous from above, 5 mm.
long and 4 mm. wide, with its posterior or lower margin 3 mm. from rear end of
test.

Petaloid area very large occupying about

ous areas approximately equal in

and scarcely

7

mm.

all

petals.

80%

of the aboral surface.

Petals I and V, about 15

Porifer-

mm.

long

wide, not quite closed at tip, with poriferous areas, each 1.5

mm. wide near middle; petals II and IV, more broadly oval, 14 mm. long, fully

7 mm. wide; with a somewhat attenuate tip open by about a millimeter; petal
III, longer and narrower than the others, about 16 mm. long and little more
than 6 mm. wide, the tip open by fully 1.5 mm.
Oral surface, concave along the axis III-5, especially near the mouth; peris-

tome

small, obscured

by matrix, about 15 mm. from anterior end

mm.

lodes conspicuous 5 to 6

long by 3

mm.

wide; bourrelets,

if

of test; phyl-

present, con-

by matrix. Color pale brown or dirty whitish.
The holotype (M. C. Z. 3,476) was the only specimen secured and there

cealed

is

no

record of the locality.

Cassidulus sphaeroides
Plate

Test 38
of length
'

TrXoT-iis

mm.

long, 36

and height
= broad

-

sphaeroides

=

is .65.

+7rtra\oi'

like

mm.

= a

1, figs.

wide, and 25

Surface so

'

sp. nov.

6-8

mm.

high; width

much weathered

petal, in refei'dice to the

there

is
is

thus about .95

no indication

notably wiile petals.

a sphere, in reference to the high test and nearly circular ambitus,

of


CASSIDULIDAE

145

tubercles or ornamentation except orally in interambulacrum 5 where a few
tubercles are visible,

and beside the matrix which covers most

some

there are tubercles and

pits to

greatest width, however, being

be seen. Test almost circular in outUne, the

back

ing apex nearly central and from
;

it

of the oral surface

of the apical system,

which

totally lack-

is

the test slopes almost uniformly in

all direc-

interambulacrum 5 abruptly truncate, the flattened area, however,

tions;

quite vertical but slopes a Uttle from
to ambitus.

is

not

upper margin downward and outward

its

Periproct very large and area around

it

depressed, conspicuous from

above owing to weathering, exact measurements cannot be given but apparently
;

the periproct

2

mm.

was

itself

at least 8

mm.

high and 6

mm.

wide; lower margin only

or less from rear end of test.

Petaloid area large, occupying about

72%

of the aboral surface.

Petals I

and V, about 18 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, the interporiferous area being only
a

trifle

over 2

mm.

damaged so that it is imopen; petals II and IV larger and

across; the tips of the petals are

possible to say whether they were closed or

mm.

wider, about 20

mm.

distinctly longer

than the anterior; interporiferous area 4

at tip

by about

1.5

long by 7

mm.;

petal III,

wide, with the posterior poriferous area

19 mm.

long, a

mm.

wide; petals open

mm.

over 5

trifle

wide, sUghtly

open at tip as poriferous areas converge but Uttle; in petals I, V and III, the
poriferous areas show no evident inequaUty but the condition of the tips does
not permit of certainty in the matter.
Oral surface almost wholly concealed by a considerable mass of matrix, so
that nothing can be determined as to position or appearance of peristome and
its

surroundings; apparently the lower surface of the test was nearly

there

may have

been considerable depression near mouth. Color dirty whitish.

The holotype (M. C.

Z. 3,477)

was the only specimen secured.

This species and the preceding represent a group of

from Jamaica,
surface.

It

easily recognized

may

place

and

not hitherto

known

position of the periproct on the dorsal

split off

from that somewhat heterogeneous group. But

be that with more and better preserved material,

them more

of test

by the

fossils

seems to us they are better referred to Cassidulus than to any of the

genera that have been
it

but

flat

accurately.

The two specimens

are so

it

will

be possible to

unUke each other

in the petals that they cannot be referred to the

same

in

form

species,

do we find any previously described cassiduloid to which either one may be
ferred. They make a very interesting addition to the Jamaican fauna.

nor
re-


JMIAICAN FOSSIL ECHINI

146

Rhynchopygus punctatus
Plate
Arnold and Clark, 1927.

One

Mem. M.

of the notable

Z., 50, p. 55.

specimens secured in 1928 was a fine adult of this rare

The specimen (M.

species.

C.

9-11

1, figs.

C. Z. 3,478)

is

41

mm.

high, almost double the size of the holotype.
species, depressed so as to be

out definite arrangement."
there

is

no overhang

of

The

concave in the long

with numerous, deep, more or

long, 31

periproct

is

6

axis,

mm.

interambulacrum 5 above

wide and 12

oral surface

is

mm.

typical of the

in diameter, with-

wide and 4

it,

mm.

conspicuously "punctate

less circular pits, .10-.2.5

The

mm.

mm.

yet the area

is

high and
distinctly

depressed.
It is

unfortunate that there

is

no label to indicate where

this

specimen was

secured.

HEMIASTERIDAE
HoMCEOPETALus

'

gen. nov.

Test ovate, depressed, with small petaloid area; apical system excentric
posteriorly;

all

petals shghtly sunken, III the least so; interporiferous areas very

narrow, practically wanting; petal III longer than the others, with pores notably smaller and less circular; periproct submarginal but size and position un-

known; peristome and other characters
genital pores unknown.
Type-species
This

:

— Homopopetalus

of oral surface

axiologus sp. nov.

the poor condition of the unique specimen,
position. There

is

no indication of

are, therefore, placing it in

of the test

appearance

'

of

a peculiar genus unhke any Recent or fossil spatangoid, but owing to

is

produced

unknown; number

may

we cannot be

=

family

we

While the flattened condition

be due in some sUght degree to pressure,

it is

evident from the

ambitus that no marked change of form has been

artificially.

oMoios

its

fascicles, nor of a subanal plastron, and

the Hemiasteridae.

of the plates at the

sure even of

similar, in reference to the fact that the five petals are so

much

alike.


HEMIASTERIDAE

147

HOMfEOPETALUS AXIOLOGUS
Plate

mm.

Test 63
is

long, 54

mm.

Sp. nov.

2 and 3

2, figs.

wide and 27

mm.

approximate only, owing to the condition

much

^

measurement

high; the vertical

of the oral surface,

but the height

is

than half the length and probably half the width is about the
normal condition; the width is nearly .90 of length. Test widest just in front of

certainly

less

and IV, somewhat narrower back of abactinal system, its general outline being rounded ovate. Apical system conspicuously excentric posteriorly,
being placed only about 25 mm. from posterior end of test. Genital pores and
petals II

all

other details of the apical system quite indeterminable.
Petaloid area small, only about half the aboral surface; petals

rounded ends and practical lack

their definite form, with closed,

poriferous area;

all

are

all

of

any

inter-

and V, the most so. III the least;
obUquely elongated and inconspicuous

somewhat depressed,

in petal III, the pores are relatively small,

notable for

I

while in the other petals they are large and round, but the circular form

is

un-

doubtedly exaggerated by weathering, as no doubt the size is also; petals I and
V are 18 mm. long by 5 mm. wide; II and IV are 20 x 5 mm.; and III is 25 x 5

mm. Interambulacrum
interambulacra 2 and
3 are quite
life,

between the

and

I

and

V

;

and

impossible to determine positively what conditions were in

distribution;

all

the interambulacra except 5 were rela-

Tuberculation of test has largely disappeared but

petals.

interambulacrum 3 enough

in size

rounded ridge between petals

1
4, but especially 2, are compressed into ridges while

but we are incUned to beUeve that

tively flat
in

flat; it is

5 forms a low,

present to show that

is

some

it

was more

of the tubercles are notably larger

or less irregular

than the great

majority but they show no definite arrangement.

In interambulacrum

5,

below the ambitus, there

long by 5

mm.

but this

doubtful; the area in question has

is

wide which

from the rear end

may

of the test

;

is

an oval area, about 7

mm.

possibly indicate the position of the periproct
its

posterior margin about 7

mm.

no other features of the oral surface can be made

out because of the condition of the specimen.

Color Ught brown and dirty

whitish.

The unique holotype (M. C.

Z. 3,479)

a label never having been written.
'

iiuiXoyos

=

It

was secured

has puzzled

at

an unrecorded

us, it is so unlike

remarkable, of obvious significance.

locality,

any other


JAMAICAN FOSSIL ECHINI

148

The

spatangoid we have seen.

general appearance reminds one strikingly of a

clypeastroid but the petals are very definitely those of a hemiasteroid.

not be confused with any other West Indian

LiNTHIA OBESA

mm.

and height

.95 of length

mm.

long, 71

mately at center,

4-6.

wide and 52

mm.

high; width

rapidly to ambitus on

away

falling

Sp. UOV.

flatter.

Petals I

Inter ambulacra 5,

all sides.

2 and 3 forming low rounded ridges adapically, particularly
conspicuously wider and

thus more than

is

Test notably high, with apical system approxi-

.70.

is

fossil.

2, figs.

Plate

Test 74

'

It will

5, wliile 1

and 4 are

and V, about 25 mm. long by 5 mm.

wide, diverging so httle that their distal tips are only about 20 nrni. apart;
petals II

and IV longer and wider, probably about 30-35 mm. long by 7 mm.

by matrix accurate
measurements cannot be made; they run forward, more than outward, and their
40 mm. long by 7 mm.
tips were about 45 nun. from each other; petal III is about
wide, but their distal parts are so

wide but

is

more or

damaged

or concealed

with matrix which conceals

less fiUed

petals are deeply sunken. Genital pores

and other

its distal

end. All the

details of the abactinal

system

cannot be made out.

Ambitus broadly rounded,

ill

defined posteriorly where the test

with the flattened area sloping somewhat adorally; there
pression of the test at the ambitus in

ambulacrum

III.

is

apparently some de-

Periproct not detectable

but doubtless on the truncate, obUque surface of the rear of the
face of test not at

all

flattened but notably swollen

posterior part of the sternum. Peristome concealed

depressed, very far forward,

end

there a

number

while orally
of

No

of test.

test.

Oral sur-

and rounded, especially the

by matrix but

anterior margin not over 12-15

e-\adently httle

mm. from

anterior

indication of tubercles remains except at anterior end of test;

of rather

much

its

truncate

is

larger

crowded small tubercles are

visible

and rather widely spaced tubercles

above the ambitus

may

be seen. Color

specimen Ught gray.
Holotype,

There

M.

may

C. Z. 3,482.

be room for difference of opinion as to whether this species

true Linthia or not but

it

seems nearer to L. trechmanni than

West Indian spatangoid, and
'

obesus

=

it is

there seems no objection to referring

fat, stout, in

reference to the striking form of the test.

a

any other
to the same

to

it

is


HEMIASTERIDAE
genus.

The form

149

of the test is so distinctive in obesa that it will not be confused

with any other species, and we see no indication that this form

is

the result of

pressure or any other external conditions.

Cyclaster sterea
Plate

3, figs.

'

sp.

nov.

4 and 5

Test distorted by pressure along the antero-posterior axis but the distortion

seems to be chiefly

if

not wholly in front of the apex and on the right hand side

in other words the right anterior quarter of the test
vertical axis so as to

make

is

;

crowded back against the

the anterior end of the fossil an almost vertical surface

mm. but
we estimate that in life it was from 95 to 100 mm.; the width is 86 mm. across

the apex, where it is widest, and in Ufe was about the same; height 72 mm. but
about 50

mm.

high; at present the length of the test

only about 85

is

was probably quite a little less, as there is good reason to think that the
pressure which so evidently shortened the long axis has increased the vertical.

in

life

Nothing can be made out as to genital pores or details of abactinal system;
periproct and most of oral surface concealed by matrix; peristome wanting, and

worn and

tuberculation of test so

deficient as to be insignificant.

Petaloid area large, occupying most of the highly arched upper surface.

Apex probably

V

nearly 55

anterior to center of test, at least to

mm.

long,

mm.

about 6

some

extent.

Petals I and

wide, deeply sunken and largely

filled

with

matrix; interporiferous area insignificant; tips closed; distance of tips from each
other, across

interambulacrum

5,

about 37

mm.

Petals II and

IV extend out

opposite to each other, almost at right angles to long axis of test, curving forward
just a little distally; they are filled with matrix but

by 6 mm. wide. Ambulacrum

III

is

not at

pressed but probably at the ambitus

Oral surface not at
of the specimen,

all

it

all

measure about 50

petaloid and

it is

impossible to say

;

long

only slightly de-

made a broad and shallow

flattened but surprisingly convex

however,

is

mm.

concavity.

owing to the condition

how much

of the convexity

is

natural. Color pale gray.

Holotype,

M.

C. Z. 3,483.

In view of the condition of this unique specimen
assign

it

fossil,

we

to a genus, but as
feel it is

it is

ffrepea

=

by no means easy

so markedly different from

important to give
•

it is

it

any other Jamaican

a name. It seems to

massive; of obvious significance.

to

fall

into the genus


JAMAICAN FOSSIL ECHINI

160

Cyclaster somewhat better than into any of the related groups but

from the two species

different

from Cuba, and

will

of Cyclaster

it

is

quite

which Sanchez Roig describes (1926)

not be confused with any other West Indian echinoid.

ViCTORIASTER JAMAICENSIS
Plate

3, figs.

'

Sp. nOV.

1-3

Test so badly damaged that the following measurements are only approxiwill give a fair idea of the

mations or estimates, but they
of this fine species.

of the original test,

93

mm.

mm.

The specimen is an internal mould, i.e. a cast of the interior
which is now entirely lacking. Length, through III-5, about

but measured from the anterior margin

mm. width

nearly 105

evidently

;

mm.

height at apex 40

;

and V, 28

mm.

this

side of III,

perhaps as

much

by a

it is

as 125

Apical system excentric posteriorly, about 62

abruptly and almost uniformly on
I

on either

of test

much more than

of test, concealed

from anterior margin

Petals

extraordinary character

mm.

Test slopes rather

bit of matrix.

to a moderately thick margin.

all sides

long by 6 nam. wide, deeply depressed, with practi-

no interporiferous area, diverging very considerably from each other so
that their tips are about 30 mm. apart. Petals II and IV, nearly 50 mm. long by
cally

7

mm.

distal

wide, markedly depressed near middle but almost flush with test at both
distal third widest portion of petal, its sides almost

and proximal ends;

Petal III, very wide and very deeply sunken distally, about 60

parallel.

long and 15
surface quite

mm.
flat,

wide, marginal notch at ambitus about 12

projecting correspondingly.

Sternum

well

and

4,

it,

with

considerably sunken, the labrum

Peristome about 18

mm. from

anterior margin about 12
III.

1

Oral

deep.

but peristome, and the ambulacra as they approach

adjoining parts of interambulacra

crum

mm.

mm.

mm.

wide and 7

mm.

long, its

the ambitus in the depression of ambula-

marked, about 50

mm.

long by 30

mm.

Color

wide.

dirty yellowish-brown.

Holotype,

M.

C. Z. 3,484.

This very remarkable spatangoid seems to us to be undoubtedly congeneric

with Victoriaster lamberti Sanchez Roig from Cuba. Details
the oral surface
that
ingly

it is

make

it

clear that the

nearly related to

its

Jamaican form

Cuban congener admits

unUke any other .lamaican

species.

is

jamaicensis

=

and

of

a different species, but

of little doubt.

It

is

strik-

Only the damaged holotype was

secured.
^

of the petals

of Jam.aica, of obvious .siKnificance.


SPATANGIDAE

151

SPATANGIDAE
Antillaster arnoldi
H. L. Clark, 1927,
It is
is

Arnold and Clark,

in

Mem. M.

C.

Z., 50, p. 62.

very interesting to find another specimen of this huge species even

not nearly so well preserved as the holotype. It was secured at Spring

close

by the spot where the

original

Test 100

mm.

long,

90

mm.

1

sp. nov.

and 2

4, figs. 1

mm.

wide and 43

high,

more or

and decreased the height pressure has
;

also closed

Apex markedly

the front margin of the test; even in

more or

anterior, only

life its

less distorted

by

increased the width

pressure which has undoubtedly shortened the long axis,

tions of the paired petals.

Mount

specimen was discovered.

Macropneustes dyscritus
Plate

if it

less

the proximal por-

mm. back

about 25

anterior position

of

must have been

conspicuous. Details of the apical system, periproct and peristome are concealed

by

distortion, weathering or matrix.

III are also lacking.

Oral surface

elevated and convex,

all visible

Unpaired petal and

details of

ambulacrum

the posterior part of sternum somewhat

flat,

portions covered with a very uniform and close

tuberculation.
Petals

I

sunken, and
hardly 35

mm.

V

and

about 55

now almost

mm.

mm.

probably about 7

long,

or quite closed

apart; details obscured

by

less

by matrix. Petals

M.

and IV about 48

wide but deeply sunken
;

Color light gray.

C. Z. 3,485.

In the appearance of the petals

this

unique specimen reminds us of

tus but the difference in the shape of the test

should be referred to that species. With
sure in both species,
is

mm.

II

completely closed by pressure except distally they run out

at right angles to the long axis of the test.

Holotype,

wide but deeply

pressure, except near tips which are

long, apparently reaching to ambitus, fully 7

and now more or

mm.

there any other

we think that

in Ufe

all

is

so great,

we cannot

due allowance for the

nearly allied and we, therefore, reluctantly

to

= hard

believe

it

effects of pres-

which the present specimen

name

it

and place

heterogeneous genus Macropneustes.
bvaKfiiros

angus-

they must have been quite unUke. Nor

West Indian sea-urchin

'

M.

to determine, of obvious application.

it

is

in the already


JAMAICAN FOSSIL ECHINI

152

Macropneustes sinuosus
Plate

mm.

Test about 87

but as the specimen

We

is

estimate that in

sp. nov.

figure 3

4,

more than 100 mm. wide and about 40 mm.

long,

badly distorted
life

'

by

pressure, these figures have

the individual was about 95

mm.

little

high,

value.

long and nearly as

wide, while the height was less than half as much. Entire posterior end and whole
oral surface completely lacking, occupied

not at

all

by matrix. Ambulacrum

by 6 mm. wide, with no interporiferous
areas almost parallel the two petals are about 55 mm. apart

fully 55

mm.

long,

;

II

and IV run out

at their tips.

of the specimen; apparently

All paired petals distinctly but not

long.

and

V

Petals

at right angles to the long axis of the test; they are similar to

owing to the damaged condition

mm.

I

area, the poriferous

the posterior petals in width and general appearance but their length

45

III, wide,

slightly depressed even at ambitus; petals

petaloid and very

is

in

doubt

they were about

markedly depressed. Inter-

ambulacral plates of dorsal side few and large; those near ambitus are 20-30

mm.

mm.

wide and 10-12

area,

but particularly in

Median

high.

1,

4 and

5,

M.

This feature

very conspicuously sinuate.

would probably not be so conspicuous
fawn or dirty white.
Holotype,

sutural line in each interambulacral

in well preserved specimens.

Color light

C. Z. 3,486.

Here again we have a unique specimen that seems to be better referred to
Macropneustes than to any other genus, which nevertheless cannot be assigned

any species hitherto described. It is undoubtedly seriously distorted, but
nevertheless it was certainly low and wide with very long and only slightly deto

We

pressed petals.
of

cannot see that

it is

very near any of the numerous species

Macropneustes we have handled.

Macropneustes stenopetalus
Plate

Test 74

mm.

half the length

^

sinuosus
(TTifis

=

=

wide;

its

4 and

sp. nov.

5.

height

is

apparently a

trifle less

than

but owing to matrix on the lower surface no accurate measurement

can be made. Test rather
'

mm.

long and 68

4, figs.

^

full of

narrow

fiat

bendings,

in

+ TtTaXov =

both above and below with thick well rounded marreference to the conspicuously sinuous iiiterradial sutures.
petal, in reference to the

narrow

petals.


SPATANGIDAE
Apical system excentric anteriorly

gin.

of test. Tuberculation of test rather close

less

153

mm. from

than 30

but irregular with very small, small and

rather large tubercles; the large tubercles are found in

show no

areas but

V only

Petals I and

mm.

about 35

a

mm.
mm. high by 6 mm.

arrangement; they are rather more than a Yl

definite

wide, but partly concealed

tips

the interambulacral

all

Periproct just below posterior margin of test, about 7

across.

anterior margin

by matrix.

little

mm.

depressed, 35

long by only 5

mm.

wide, their

no interporiferous areas. Petals II
long, diverging widely from the long axis

apart, with practically

mm.

and IV

similar,

of test

but curving slightly forward especially near

but only about 30

Ambulacrum

tip.

III, not

and barely sunken, except at ambitus, where there is an evident
Peristome and whole lower surface concealed by
though shallow depression.
at all petaloid,

matrix. Color light gray.

Holotype,

M.

C. Z. 3,487.

This specimen, both by

Spatangus but the petals

we have

that

form and tuberculation reminds one at once

are, of course,

very different.

here an undescribed species, and

we

other forms that
well in

its

it

are referring to Macropneustes.

There seems no doubt

apparently belongs with the

At any

Plate

mm.

Test 68

long, 63

mm.

1

will not fit as

5, figs.

4-6

wide and only 28

mm.

high, broadly ovate with the

and the posterior end deeply notched in its present condihighest anterior to the apical system and posterior to that point

tion, the test is

;

markedly and rather suddenly depressed, but
is artificial

which

it

sp. nov.

anterior end truncate

sion

rate

any other genus.

Metalia dubia

is

of

is

and that the

test sloped gradually

it is

probable that this depres-

backward

to the posterior end,

truncate and largely occupied by the very large, markedly depressed

periproctal area, 15

mm.

high and 14

mm.

wide.

Anterior end and sides of test

badly weathered, leaving no details of structure. Oral surface covered by matrix.
Petals

I

and

V

about 36

mm.

long and nearly 10

mm.

wide; interporiferous

area insignificant and tips of petals closed; they are but slightly depressed dis-

and the rather marked depression proximally would seem to be artificial;
they are markedly curved, diverging much from each other near the apical systally

"

dvHtyia

=

doubtful, in reference to our uncertainty regarding

its

true status.


JAMAICAN FOSSIL ECHINI

154

tem, then running more nearly parallel for a time and then diverging again at
tip.

Petals II and

mm.

long by 9

IV

mm.

are very badly weathered but were apparently about 32

wide; they are scarcely at

all

depressed, run out at almost

right angles to the long axis of the test, but curve forward a trifle at tip; at base

they are very narrow, the posterior margin is nearly straight, while the anterior
margin diverges anteriorly and is a trifle curved. Ambulacrum III was apparently not petaloid and was but slightly depressed even at ambitus.

Color dull

yellow.

Holotype,

M.

C. Z. 3,488.

In spite of

its

poor condition we think this specimen

in

view

is

certainly not the

of its general

form and the

same

petals,

it

is

entitled to a

name and

well be put in Metalia.

may

But

it

species as the following (M. jamaicensis) for the shape

of the test, the periproct,

and the petals are

all

very different from the better

preserved holotype of that species.

Metalia jamaicensis
Plate

Test 81
posteriorly,

mm.

long, 71

5, figs.

mm. wide and

•

sp.

nov.

1-3

45

mm.

and evidently, but not deeply, notched

high, broadly oval, truncate
in front, in

ambulacrum

Test highest anterior to apical system in interambulacra 2 and
abruptly to the front

3,

III.

sloping very

and very gradually to the posterior end. Details

of apical

system cannot be made out. Periproct about 11 mm. high by 8 mm. wide, but
its outlines are indistinct as the whole rear end of the test is badly weathered; for
no details of the subanal plastron can be made out, though there are
indications of its presence. Oral surface of test rather flat, but the sternum shows

this reason

an evident, though rounded keel, the rear end of which is about 15 mm. from the
end of the test itself. Peristome very Uttle depressed, about 6 mm. long by 14

mm.

wide, with the labrum only moderately projecting; anterior margin of

mm. from anterior end of test.
and V about 35 mm. long and 6 mm. wide,

peristome about 15
Petals I

a

little

depressed; inter-

poriferous area about as wide as one poriferous; petals narrower

and closed at

two petals are about 4 mm. apart at their proximal ends and only 30 mm.
the distal tips. Petals II and IV, more or less buried in matrix but apparently

tip; the

at

about 30
'

mm.

jamaiccnaix

long and 5
=

mm.

wide,

of .Jamaica, because

it is

somewhat depressed; they run outward and
the

first

indubitable Metalia to be found in Jamaica.


SPATANGIDAE
a

little

155

Ambulacrum

forward but do not seem to be curved.

III not petaloid,

almost flush with apical system but becoming quite deeply sunken distally,

forming a conspicuous marginal notch at ambitus; extreme anterior end of test

broken and badly weathered. Fascicles almost indistinguishable except around

where the characteristic peripetalous

tip of petal II

allies) is

very distinct for some 15 mm.;

of test, so far as

it still

about

it is

fascicle of

1.5

mm.

Metalia (and

its

wide. Tuberculation

shows, rather close and uniform except in interambulacra

ambulacrum

2 and 3 along the margins of

III where conspicuously larger, but

not big, tubercles are evident. Color pale gray or dirty whitish.

Holotype,

M.

C. Z. 3,489.

The resemblance

of this notable fossil to Metalia sternalis, the

of the Indo-Pacific region

generic.

It

is

so striking as to leave

no doubt

Recent species

of their being con-

true that sternalis shows considerable diversity in shape of test,

is

position of apex

and confluence

are specimens in the

Museum

of petals I
of

and

V at their proximal ends but there

Comparative Zoology which have the

almost exactly the shape and proportions shown by this Jamaican
rule, the

apex

is

distinctly

more anterior

in sternalis

test of

fossil.

As a

than in jamaicensis and

inter-

and 4 are noticeably higher near the apical system. The really important difference between the two species is, however, in the posterior petals;
in sternalis these are more or less confluent proximally, while in jamaicensis they
ambulacra

1

are well separated throughout their length.

Metalia in the fossiliferous rocks of Jamaica

is

The occurrence

of so typical a

of the greatest interest and forms

another link between the West Indian and Indo-Pacific faunas.

EUPATAGUS ALATUS
Arnold and Clark, 1927.

A

Mem. M.

C.

Z., 50, p. 63.

notable specimen of this species

is

exceptionally high and shows only the

posterior pair of genital pores; in other respects

somewhat

it is

evidently to be referred to

by pressure which has pushed the right side

forward a little and possibly diminished the width and increased the height a
little the apparent absence of genital pores in 2 and 3 may be due to a displacealatus.

It

is

distorted

;

ment

The

of plates

due to

this

test measures, as it

is,

same
41

pressure, but this does not

mm.

long, 33

mm.

wide and 26

the measurements were probably about 40 x 35 x 25

mm. As

in alatus is only a little over half the length

and

individual

almost white.

is

very conspicuous. Its color

is

is

seem

not rarely

to us assured.

mm.

high; in

life

the normal height
less

than that,

this


JAMAICAN FOSSIL ECHINI

156

EUPATAGUS GRANDIFLORUS
Euspalangus grandiflorus Cotteau, 1875. Kongl. Sven. Vet. Akad. Handl.,
Eiipatagiis grandiflorus Jackson, 1922. Carnegie Inst. Publ. 306, p. 89.

13, no. 6, p. 45.

The discovery of this fine species in Jamaica is very interesting, as it was
previously known only from a single specimen taken in the Eocene limestone

of St. Bartholomew. The present specimen is a trifle larger than the holotype as
it is

by

about 80

mm.

pressure, but

therefore,

much

important part
specimen, but
or

less.

it

At any

its

long by 60

mm.

wide.

It

has been damaged and distorted

normal height was apparently about 35

flatter

mm.

It

is

evidently,

than Cotteau's specimen, and we do not believe that any

of the difference in height is

seems to us that the holotype

due to

may

species.

depression in our

possibly be compressed

rate the petals are so characteristic

Jamaican specimen belongs to Cotteau's

artificial

we cannot doubt

more

that this


EXPLANATION OF PLATES
All figures are natural size

The

and represent the holotypes, excepting only Rhynchopygus punclalus.

side views are all of the left side.



PLATE

1


PLATE
Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

1,

1.

Clypeaster eurychorus Arnold
Aboral view.

2.

Side view.

2.

and Clark.

3-5. Cassidulus platypetalus Arnold
3. Aboral view.

4.

Oral view.

5.

Side view.

6-8. Cassidulus sphaeroides Arnold
6. Aboral view.
7.

Oral view.

8.

Side view.

and Clark.

and Clark.

9-11. Rhynchopygus punclalus Arnold
9. Aboral view.
10.

Oral view.

11.

Side view.

and Clark.

1


MEM MUS COMP ZOOL.

ARNOLD AND CLARK JAMAICAN FOSSIL

n.

-

>

-

• 'if

C4^.

vC

•

^--^

W'^&M^^.

THE HELIOTYPe CORP. BOSTON

ECHINI. PLATE

1