Memoirs MCZ 2021

HMOIKS


University Press

:

John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.

S.

A.


CONTENTS.
THE NORTH AMERICAN CRINOIDEA CAMERATA.

By Charles WACnsiiuTH and

Frank Spkixger.

PLATES

I.

TO LXXXIII.

Together with the accompanying Explanation.

HUmoirs

of

lljt

Pustum

of (Homparalik ^oblojgu

AT HARVARD COLLEGE.
ElGUTY-TuKEE PlATES TO ACCOMPANY.
Vols.

XX. and XXI.

THE NORTH AMERICAN

CRINOIDEA CAMERATA.

By CHARLES

WACHSMUTH

and

FRA^K SPRINGER.

EIGHTY-THREE PLATES.

CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A.:
^Printcli

for

tl}c

fHuscum.

May, 1897.



PLATES AND EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.


PLATE

I.

Page
Fig.

1.

2.

3.

A

long stem with a finely preserved Root, probably belonging to Poterlocrlnus.
From the Burlington Limestone

Stem with enormous Cirri, probably of Butocrinus (jvon two of the cirri. From the Keokuk group at Crawfordsvillo

large cirri,
4.

a.
/;.

5.

6.

7.

cysts

....

Stem fragment from the Upper Devonian

44

43

of Kentucky, with five rows of

43

longitudinally arranged

Terminal end of a Stem, apparently of Burycrinus, attached by a
From the Lower Burlington Limestone.

flat

surface.

Profile view of the same.
Surface of attachment of same, showing open grooves passing out from the
axial canal of the stem

46

Terminal end of Stem of Banjcr'uius, showing the large asteriform canal of
stem, and the linear canal of the cirri

46

of a Barijcr'inus, somewhat weathered, showing the
longitudinal divisions, and two series of pores to each segment

The quinquepartita Stem

....

46

Terminal end of Stem of Barycrinus, showing the large axial canal, with the
laminated structures

46

8(;, h.

Sections of stem fragments of Barycrinus, showing slits and pores through

46

the walls
9, 10.

Dorso-central

From

the

Plates, supposed

Hudson River group

to

belong to a species of Heterocrinus.
49, 51

at Cincinnati

of
(All specimens are in the collection

Wachsmuth and

Springer.)


'•-

AMERATA.

Plate

#
\

^
U^^•-./.

f^j"^

b^

%^<

"*

I

/

i.

/
.4

#:^'t.

-N.i

ft'^

^.

JO

Heliotype Tiinun?

I,


PLATE

II.

Detached Stem Joints of various fossil Crikoids.

Fig. 1

is

a joint of

Pentacrinus

j

fig.

2 of Rhizocrinus.

The stem fragment,

fig.

3,

belongs to Mespilocrinus ; figs. 5, 8, 9, 11, and 12 to Platycrinus ; fig. 6 to
The specimen fig. 10, which probably
Teleiocriims, and fig. 7 to Cactocrinus.
shows
to
an
Actinocrinus,
belongs
beautifully the striations at its upper face,

and
4m and

fig.

13 the connection of the cirrus canal with the stem canal.

h represent the proximal end of the stem of an Onychocrinus,
the infrabasals coalesced with the top stem joint (pp. 62, 65).

—

4/)

showing

17 and 38 represent wide nodal joints to which extremely narrow internodal ones
are attached.
Figs. 39 to 41 are nodal joints, with or without internodals;

42 to 48 nodals, followed by internodals resting wholly or partly between
Traces of new joints occur in figs. 33
in
14
The
and
20
and 35.
figs.
joints

probably belong to 3Iegistocrinus Evansi ;
Whitei
21
to
Periechocrinus
; figs. 32, 36, and 39 to Cactocrinus ; fig. 40 to
fig.
figs.

the projecting margins of the nodals.

Teleiocrinus ; to the five oval pieces

shown by

figs.

49 to 53 to Platycrinus.


Crinoidea Camerata.

Plate

/7

/.^

'^h.

2f

^

i*

i9

^wt.

J^,~\

t

\

3S

Je/

31

^(i<-

w-:\

.le

33

m

t

3f
3S

37

.W

*'

vX>

4/

^O

if
:i¥

y.^

icr

*•

1';'

*"

c
ji?
jr?

*
^»

=a

//?

F
uL=^

"

A-.'

Heliotype Priming Co.,Bostor.


'.INOIDEA

Plate

CAMERATA.

/»

^
Jiy
/«•

:,^t,4

_y

.-/'

?
-JiS^
/g

,:«^
ViL>

If:/ 7
f.

aU,

A.MWr

t>

.«

III

PLATE

III.

The Plates surrounding and closing the Peristome.
Page
Fig. la.

Ctathocrinus Gilesi W. and Sp.

The

radials preserved, but those covering the peristome removed.

and
lb.

4.

W.
95, 114

Another specimen of the same species, with the interradial plates partlyotherwise in the same condition as
covered by small marginal pieces
05
fig. la.
(Same collection.)
Cyathocrinus brevisacculus W. and Sp. (Ms.). Showing the disk ambulacra

and the madreporite the large interradial plates exposed to view. (The
Same collection.)
96, 114
figure is drawn with the anal side up.

—

;

3.

(Coll.

Sp.)

;

2.

upon the

interradial plates abutting

....

still
Cyathocrinus nodosus W. and Sp. (Ms.).
fig.
more asymmetrical, and the interradial plates covered by marginal pieces.
96, 114

(Same collection.)
Cyathocrinus multibrachiatus Hall. Like fig. 3 but with the orals

Like

2

;

but the orals

;

96,

114

Interradial plates exposed, very large, en(Drawn with
closing large covering pieces which close the peristome.
anal side up.
Zool. Eiks Mus., Stockholm.)

96

resorbed.

5.

(Same collection.)
EusPiKOCRiNus spiralis Angel.

6.

Cyathocrinus alutaceus Angel.

Arrangement

of orals as in Platijcrinns,

asymmetrical; surrounded by small perisomic pieces. (Same collection.) 96, 114
7.

The same

species.

The

with anal side to the

oral apparently in process of resorption.
left.

Same

8.

Cyathocrinus l^vis Angel. The
anal side up. Same collection.)

9.

Thaumatocrinus renovatus
orals surrounded

98, 114

partly resorbed.

orals

with

(Drawn

96, 114

p. H. Carpenter.

by perisome.

(Drawn

collection.)

Having large symmetrical
88

(After Carpenter.)

ventral disk of Hyocrinus bethellianus W. Thom.
by a narrow band of perisome. (After Carpenter.)

10.

The

11.

Taxocrinus intermedius W. and

12.

Haplocrinus mespiliformis Goldf.

The

orals surrounded
88,

99

Ventral disk formed of small movable

Sp.
plates ; the orals consisting of four small plates and a larger one, separated by the ambulacra the mouth opened out. (Coll. W. and Sp.) 88, 89, 101
;

12a. Posterior side of the oral pyramid.
12b. Ventral aspect of the same.

(Coll.

The

W. and

orals resting

radials.

92, 93

Sp.)

13.

Myrtillocrinus americanus Hall. Orals
(Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. New York.)

14.

CoccocRiNus eosaceus p. Eoemer.

The

upon the

as

in

the preceding

genus.

89

orals symmetrical; separated

the radials by a single interradial plate.

(Coll.

W.

and

Sp.)

from

....

89, 90


PLATE
Fig.

IV.

Page
Veutval aspect of the internal cast of a specimen of Teleiocrinus, with sub102
tegminal ambulacra resting against the inner floor (f )

1.

102

2.

The same aspect

3.

The same

in a cast of Physetocrinus oniatus

102

4.

The same

in a cast of Strotocrhms regalis

102

in

a natural cast of Physetocrinus ventricosus

Internal cast of a Dorycrinus, of which the median part of the ambulacral
skeleton, contrary to the case of the four preceding species, does not touch

5.

102

the inner floor of the tegmeu
6.

7.

Cast of a Platycrinus, in which the ambulacra are subtegminal to the
the inner floor of the disk
bases, being placed at some distance from

arm
.

102

.

Cast oi an Eutrochocrinus Chrisfyi, showing impressions of the lining covering
102
the inner floor of the disk

8.

Cactocrinus glans, showing fragments of the convoluted (digestive) organ, and
102
to the left the subtegminal ambulacra of one ray (f )

—

—

a second anal opening is
Figs. 9 to 17
(In the following specimens
introduced at various parts of the calyx, the regular aperture having

probably been obstructed.)
9.

A

specimen of Batocrinus, in which a new opening has been formed between
136
the basals toward the anterior side

10.

A

11.

A

12.

A

specimen of Batocrinus subcequalis, with an abnormal opening directly
above the basals, involving the whole of the right posterior side of the
136

dorsal cup (slightly enlarged)

small specimen of Teleiocrinus umhrosus, with a second tube passing out
136
from the tegmeu

Steganocrinus pentagonus, with a second anal tube given

off

near the base

of the regular one
13.

A

136

malformed specimen

of Eutrochocrinus Ckristyi, with a second tube

formed

above the arm bases
14.

15.

A
A

136

Batocrinus laura, with a second tube given off from the base of the
nal one and a third tube apparently in process of formation

origi-

135

specimen of Macrocrinus jucundus, in which a small tube branches from
the regular one

16.

The anal tube

136

of EutrocJiocrinus Christ yi with a transverse lateral branch

17. Another tube of the same species bifurcating above the tips of the arms
18.

The base

of a Platyerimis,

with small circular
19.
20.

A
A

showing

.

.

135

.

136

irregular, wart-like protuberances, dotted

pits.

radial plate with similar pits, surrounded

piece of a

column

affected in

by a circular rim.
a similar manner.

(All specimens are in the collection of Waehsmuth and Springer,
that of Fig. 6, which is in the collection of Mr. R. R. Eowley.)

except


Grtnoidea Camehata.

A,iv;.We.^'"frer

Plate

l\

"

:ng Co^BostOPL.


PLATE

V.

The Convoluted Organ, and the steuctuee beneath the Tegmen.
Fig.

1.

Page
of
the
and
the
convoluted
Tdciocvinus, showing
organ,
portions
ambulacral skeleton, both heavily coated with silicious matter (^)
106, 143

A specimen of

.

2.

3.

showing the partition which forms the second

The same organ

in Cactocrinus,
convolution, the outer wall being removed

A

106

Teleiocritms umbrosus, with the whole convoluted organ intact (slightly en1-13

larged
4.

Another specimen of the same species, exposing the walls forming the third
106, 143
convolution, the two outer ones removed (slightly enlarged)
.

6.

6.

.

.

106

The convoluted organ of an Agaricocrinus, seen from above
Cross section of the same organ in a specimen of Batocrinus

106

8.

106
Dorsal aspect of the same organ in a specimen of Macrocr'inus verneidUanus
in
surrounded
J/, verneuiliames ; its upper end
Lateral view of the organ
b}^
an annular vessel
105, 143

9.

The convoluted organ

7.

.

in a

143

specimen of Strotocrimis

10.

Cactocrinus prohoscidalls, showing a portion of the ambulacral skeleton, and
107
the convoluted organ beneath

11.

Cactocrinus thetis, showing the delicate network of the convoluted organ

12.

Dorsal aspect of the organ in Eutrochocrinus Choistyl (enlarged)

13.

A broken

14.

The inner

15.

A

16.

The inner

.

....

143
143

specimen of Dorycrinus, showing the internal lining and covered
106, 107
galleries along the inner floor of the tegmen
120
the tegmen in a Physetocrinus ventricosus
broken specimen of Lohocrinus longirostris, showing the lining within the
106
dorsal cup
floor of

floor of the

tegmen

coated with silicious matter
17.

.

The inner

floor of

of a specimen of Teleiocrinus rudis

j

heavily
106, 107

Hatucrinus inornatus, formed into open galleries for the

reception of the ambulacra
(All specimens are in the collection of Wachsmuth and Springer, except
those of Figs. 10, 11, and 15, which are in the Museum of Comparative

Zoology.)

106


Crinoidea Camerata

A.MAVestergren, iei.

Plate

Heliotype PiKiting Cc.

6

V.

5tc:\.


Crinoidea Camerata.

del

Plate

vT.

Helimype Priming Cc,Boston.


PLATE

VI.

show the orientation of the stem and axial

(Figs. 1 to 12 are represented to

among Xeozoic Crinoids figs. 13 to 20 the close
the Ichthyocrinidse and Comatulse.)
canal

;

affinities

between
Page
61

MiLLEEicEiNus Oebignti de Loriol
Fig. la.

The crown with a portion

of the stem
the angles of the latter interrade
Loriol
de la France, PI. 116, fig. 1.)
Crinoides
dially disposed.
(After
Inner aspect of the base
the space which is empt}- in most species of
MiUerkrinus occupied in this specimen by small infrabasals. (After de
;

;

U.

;

Loriol

;

ibid., fig. le.)

MiLLEKIORIN-US POLTDACTYLUS dc Loriol
2a.

The

2b.

Ventral aspect of the same.

61

infrabasals attached to the truncated upper end of the stem (lateral

view).

(Both after de Loriol

;

ibid.,

PL

110, figs.

\a, 2a.)

MiLLEEiCBiNus icAUNExsis de Loriol
3.

The

61

dorsal cup with the proximal joint of the stem attached; the angles of
latter corresponding with the angles of the basals ; the axial canal

tlie

quite small.

(After de Loriol

;

ibid., PI. 61, fig. 5d.)

MiLLEEicEiNus MiLLEEi d'Orbiguy
4tf.

61

Ventral aspect of the dorsal cup the diameter of the open space between

the basals almost as great as that of the whole stem.
(After de Loriol
;

;

ibid.,

Ab.

PL

96, fig. 3.)

Dorsal asjDect of the cup, showing the small size of the axial canal.
Plate %, fig. 2a.)

(Ibid.,

MiLLEEiCEixcs Caraboeufi de Loriol
5.

61

iu a side view the angularities

upon the proximal face of the top
Being radially disposed, they conform to the depressions
upon the outer face of the basal disk whereas the angles along the sides
of the stem are directed interradially, in accordance with the rule

govern-

Showing
stem

joint.

;

ing dicyclic Crinoids.

(Ibid., PI. 59, fig. 3r.)

MiLLEEiCEiNus MUNSTEKiANus d'Orbiguy
6.

Top stem

joint,

de Loriol

;

showing the angular ridges upon the upper surface.

ibid., PI. 83, fig. 2.)

62
(After

Page
63

Ehizoceinus Eawsoni Pourtales
Fig. 7a.

Dorsal aspect of the cup; the vacant space between the basals of different
form, and larger than the axial canal of tlie stem. (After F. H. Carpenter;

PL

Challenger Rep. on Stalk. Crin.,
Ih.

Distal face of a stem joint.

X.,

fig. 5.)

{Ibid., fig. 14.)

Pentacrinus asteeias W. Thomson
8.

the empty space within the basal ring interradially
(Carpenter, ibid., PI. XII., fig. 16.)

Dorsal aspect of the cup
disposed.

;

p. H. Carpenter

Metackinus angulatus
9.

The space within the

65

basal ring, contrary to preceding figure, radially dis-

(After Carpenter

posed.

65

;

ibid

,

fig. 2.)

Bathycrinus aldrichianu.s P. H. Carpenter
10.

Horizontal section of the basal

ring.

65

(After Carpenter

VIK.

ibid., PI.

;

fig. 2.)

11.

The

infrabasals of

W. and
12.

Onychocrinus, coalesced with the top stem

joint.

(Coll.

65

Sp.)

Dorsal aspect of the Base of Glyptocrinus decadactylus the interradial
outline of the upper stem joint taking its form from the basal concavity.
;

(Same
13. 14,

66

collection.)

and 15. Pentacrinoid larvae of Antedox. (After P. H. Carpenter
Kep. on the Comatula', PI. XIV.)

16.

A

young Taxocrinus from the Burlington Limestone.

17.

A

young Onychocrinus from the Keokuk Group.

(Coll.

(Same

;

Chall.

W. and

collection.^

152
Sp.)
.

.

Antedon Rosacea Lamarck
18.

In

its

young stage

lu

its

adult state.

{Ibid., PI.

In

its

152

;

XXXVIII.)

Onychoceinus Ulrichi
20.

S.

a. Miller

152

general structure resembling a young Antedon.

(Figs. 25, 4a, la,

8, 9, 10, 11,

Figs, lb,

152

the centro-dorsal and succeeding stem joints interradi(After W. B. Carpenter Philos.

;

ally disposed, the primary cirri radially.
Trans. 1866, PI. XLI.)
19.

152

drawn with the interradial side up
20 with the radial side up.)

12, 18, are

3, M>, 6, 19,

;



PLATE

ScAPHiocRiNUS ELEGANS

VII.

W. and

Page
138

Sp. (MS.)

Anterior side of the specimen, showing the ventral sac and the anal opening low down in the sac. (Only the lower half of the specimen is drawn.)
U. Posterior side of the specimen. (Kaskaskia group, Kentucky.)

Fig. la.

ScYTALOCKiNus vALiDus W. and
Lateral aspect of a specimen with arms
in the lower part of the ventral sac.

2a.

2b.
3.

;

138

Sp. (MS.)

the anal opening located anteriorly

The ventral sac somewhat enlarged.
Anterior side of the sac of another specimen.
Indiana.

(Both from the Keokuk group,

Decadoceixus geandis W. and Sp
4.

6.

Anal opening occupying the anterior side of the sac a

A

138
little

above midway

;

the pores at the lower part of the sac passing through the test, as shown
upon the lateral edges of the plates.
specimen showing the posterior side of the sac. (Keokuk grouij, Crawfordsville, Ind.)

SCAPHIOCEINUS UNICUS Hall

6.

138

Posterior side of a specimen, showing the ventral sac

to

its

full length.

(Locality and position same as last.)

ScTTALOCEiNUS
7.

138

(sp. uudet.)

Anterior view of ventral sac, showing the pores along the sides of the plates,
and the position of the anus. (Kaskaskia group, Kentucky.)

ScAPHiocEiNus SwALLOvi Meek and Worthen
8.

138

Portion of the ventral sac; composed of stellate plates with pores around

The ducts of the pores x^lainly visible in places where the
their edges.
plates are slightly pushed out of position

AuLOCRixus Agassizi W. and Sp. (MS. Nov.

gen. and n. sp.)

.

.

138

(avXoi a small tube, Kpivov a lily.)
9.

off
Right postero-lateral aspect. Anus at the end of a special tube, given
tube
sao.
Sac
and
the
ventral
of
side
from
anterior
the

down
half way

profusely perforated by pores.

(Keokuk group, Indiana.)
138

CCELIOCEINUS VEXTEICOSUS (Hall)
lOii.

Posterior side of the ventral sac.

106.

Anterior side of

it.

CvATHOCRiNus NODOSUS W. and Sp. (MS.)
11a.

The anus

at the

end of the ventral sac slightly excentric

137
in

position,

and

closed by eight or nine plates forming a pyramid.
lib. Distal end of the ventral sac enlarged.

12a and

b.

Cyathocrinus beevisacculus W. and Sp. (MS.)
The ventral sac with the anus in the same condition

137
as in tlie pre-

ceding species.
(All specimens are in the collection of

Wachsmuth and

Springer.)


!^

™^^ T>r^i^..,i«

rv -p,.


JRINOIDEA CAMERATA

Plate

VIII,


PLATE

VIII.
Page
484

Barkandeocrinus sceptrum Augel
Fig. 1.

Showing arrangement of the pLates in the calyx, and structure of arms and
pinnules.
(Drawn by Mr. G. Liljevall from a specimen from Gotland in
the Zool. Riks Mus. at Stockholm) (f ).
Crotalocrinus puI/Cher (Hisinger)

2.

A

specimen from Gotland, showing the net formed arms.

Crotalocrinus
3.

n.

W. and

Sp.)

1G4

of a specimen from Gotland
Riks Mus., Stockholm) (2).

The tegmen

Tegmen

(Coll.

sp

Crotalocrinus rugosus
4.

164

drawn by Mr. G.

;

Liljevall (Zool.

1G4

(J. S. Miller)

of a fine specimen from Dudley, Eng.

(Coll.

(\-i).

"\V.

and Sp.)

Taxoceinus inteemedius W. and Sp
Showing the pavement

5a.

of the ventral disk, and the pouches along the free

Antero-lateral view.

rays.
5b.

Posterior view.

(Coll.

W. and

Sp.)

FoRBESiocRiNus NOBiLis dc Kon. and

6b.

(Plates showing the fossae along the edges.)
Distal face of the axillary costal (^).
Proximal face of the same (i,*).

6c.

Lateral face of an interradial plate (y).

6a.

118, 123

le

(Same

Hon

87,

collection.)

Stmbathocrinus Swallovi Hall
7.

A

specimen with
and Sp.)

arras,

8.

9.

(Coll.

W.

W

89

A

specimen with the arras removed at the posterior side, exposing some of
the plates of the anal tube, and the asymmetrical orals. (Coll. W. and

Sp.)
Another specimen also showing the orals, and the base of the anal tube (f).

(Same

collection.)

PisocEiNus
10.

136

from the Keokuk group of Canton, Ind.

Symbathocrinus Wachsmuthi M. and

88

136

(sp. undet.)

Lateral view of a specimen with arms from Tennessee.
(V)
(Coll. W.
and Sp.)
(This figure was drawn by Mr. Keyes in 1886, from a specimen found by us
in Western Tennessee in 1883.
Mr. S. A. Miller, in the 17th
of

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