Nghiên cứu nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến công tác quản lý nhà nước về bảo hiểm xã hội ở việt nam tóm tắt TIẾNG ANH

INTRODUCTION
1. The necessity for choosing the topic
Social insurance is a major policy of the Party and the State for
employees to ensure their life and families, at the same time, ensuring the
goal of the social security system which social insurance is a inseparable
mainstay. Social insurance policy in our country was made from the early
days of the country. Over the past 60 years, in the process of implementation,
social insurance policy has been improved and constantly updated and
supplemented to suit the current conditions of the country. Along with the
renovation of the economy after the 6th National Party Congress (12/1986),
the social insurance policy and organizing management of social insurance
activities also have many positive changes such as social insurance not only
contributes to stabilizing the life of employees but also encourages them to
work actively in order to create wealth for the society and build the
country. In the process of implementing, social insurance has ceaselessly
developed in both quality and quantity. The number of participants is
increasing, expanding for the participants. The social insurance management
also has made fundamental changes. Especially, organizational system was
agreed on a national scale with a 3-level model, vertical from the central to
local.
In social life, new challenges such as employment, labor force and
population are emerging. In addition, new challenges have emerged from the
employers, such as evasion, debt which is frequent and increasing scale. The
legal corridor system has been regulated in detail and brought into certain
effectiveness. However, sometimes, the adjustment is not timely and not
suitable for most of the aspirations of employees in the country. In particular,
the state management of social insurance should be paid attention and care
because the state management of social insurance is good, the social security
system has reached the target and meet the expectations of millions of
employees. Therefore, PhD Candidate chose the topic: " Research on factors
affecting the state management of social insurance in Vietnam "

The thesis has both theoretical and practical signification. It helps
to improve the state management of social insurance and development
strategies for social insurance in the long term.
2. Research Objectives

The basic objective of the subject is to provide solutions to improve the
state management of social insurance in Vietnam. From the above basic
objectives, the specific objectives of the thesis are as follows:
- Identify the factors affecting the state management of social insurance
in Vietnam.
- Propose some appropriate solutions to overcome the shortcomings in
the state management of social insurance in Vietnam.
3. Research questions
To achieve the objectives of the research, the thesis focuses on
answering research questions:
+ What factors affect the state management of social insurance in
Vietnam?
+ What solutions and suggestions are appropriate to help the state
management of social insurance in Vietnam better?
4. Subject and scope of research
In order to achieve the objectives of the research and solve the
research questions, the thesis defines the research subject and scope of
research as follows:
- Research subjects :
The subject of research is "the State management of social insurance in
Vietnam"
- Research scope:
+ Spatial extent: The thesis focuses on researching central typical units
and some units in Hanoi capital in the field of research and management of
social insurance.

+ Interm of time scale: Develop a scale to combine the questionnaires
of experts and managers in the field of social insurance with the main source
of research data from 2008 to 2015. At the same time, propose solutions to
improve state management of Social insurance in Vietnam is valid until 2025.
+ Research content: The thesis focuses on the factors affecting the state
management of social insurance in Vietnam based on the following contents:
(1) evaluate and comment on previous research results; (2) systematizing
theoretical issues on the state management of social insurance; (3) provide
research hypotheses, research directions on research model and methods; (4)
testing hypotheses in the context of research are factors influencing the state
management of social insurance in Vietnam; (5) propose solutions and


recommendations to better implement the state management of social
insurance in Vietnam at present and future.
5. Research methodology
To solve the problem, the thesis selects the sample, the subjects in the
sample, conducts the survey through the questionnaire and develops the
scale for the influencing factors. After collecting the survey data from the
selected sample, the thesis uses quantitative research method to run the
model through SPSS software to test the level of influence with the
dependent variable is the state management on Social insurance and
independent variable groups include: Qualifications and competence of civil
servant staff in the state management apparatus of social insurance; the level
of administrative reform in state management of social insurance; material
facilities for the state management of social insurance; development of the
social security system; the development of commercial insurance
policies; the need for awareness of citizen on social insurance. After
evaluating the influence level of factors by the reliability coefficient,
Cronbach's Alpha, will evaluate the influence of each factor in the model

and hypothesis on the state management of social insurance in Vietnam.
6. Research design
7. New contributions of the thesis.
The thesis is expected to have the following contributions:
- On the theoretical side: On the basis of the domestic and foreign
researches, combining the management practice and the research model
proposed by the author, the thesis has made many new contributions such
as seting up scale to measure the criteria, factors affecting the state
management of social insurance; scale and measurement variable of factors
are reliability, closely related to the measurement aspect, ensuring statistical
significance ; use the proposed model to study the factors affecting the state
management of social insurance and determine hypotheses. The research
results of the thesis are theoretically meaningful, opening the direction of
research on methods and procedures for evaluating the state management of
social insurance, have the basis for implementing appropriate solutions to
improve quality of state management of social insurance and development of
social insurance.

- On the practical side : The thesis also shows the influencing factors
and the levels of impact of factors on the state management of social
insurance in Vietnam. Based on the analysis and assessment, the author also
provides the practical and appropriate solutions to further improve the state
management of social insurance in Vietnam at present and in the coming
period.
8. Structure of the thesis
Apart from the introduction, conclusion and the prescribed items, the
structure of the thesis consists of 5 chapters:
Chapter 1 : Overview of research projects on the state management of
social insurance.
Chapter 2 : Theoretical basis on the state management of social insurance.

Chapter 3 : Model and Research Methods.
Chapter 4 : Results of factor analysis affect the State management of
Social Insurance in Vietnam.
Chapter 5 : Solutions to improve the state management of social
insurance in Vietnam.
CHAPTER 1
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH PROJECTS ON THE STATE
MANAGEMENT OF SOCIAL INSURANCE
1.1. Overview of foreign researches
The overview of foreign researches showes that the researches focus
mainly on one or two factors affecting the management of social insurance
such as:
- Helmuth, C., & Kerstin, R. (2015) or Georges, C., Helmuth, C., &
Pierre, P. (2000) studied commercial insurance factors that have a
certain influence on the state management of social insurance
- Xian, H., & Qin, G. (2014) on needs and perceptions of
citizen influencing the state management of social insurance
- Authors Ramona, L., Raúl, R., Pedro, G., & Josefa, M. (2014) on
the qualification of staff in the social insurance system affecting the
state management of social insurance.
- Anil, D. (2010) studied the influence of social security policy on state
management on social insurance


-

Marcelo, B., & Guillermo, C. (2014) study on administrative reform
will have a certain impact on state management of social insurance.
1.2. Overview of domestic researches
In recent years, the subject on state management of social insurance in

Viet Nam has received the attention of many researchers. However, each
studies deals with different subjects and scales. Most of the studies focus on
individual factors such as Nguyen Huy Ban (1999), Mai Thi Cam Tu (2004),
Nguyen Kim Thai (2006), Vu Duc Thuat (2006), Nguyen Nguyet Nga
(2012). However, there is no author to study the impact of factors on the state
management of social insurance in Vietnam, the level of impact and in which
factors are the most influential. At the same time, no research has put forward
the solutions as the thesis has mentioned from the research model.
1.3. Conclusions on research overview and research problem determination
Overview of research projects gives us the most comprehensive view of
the published research related to the topic. Thereby, the author draw the gaps
and research questions.
Through the overview of the research presented above, the author
recognizes some of the "gaps" of previous researches as follows:
Firstly , researches on state management of social insurance are a topic
that has been carried out in developed countries such as the United States,
China and Germany… However, in Viet nam, research on the State
management of social insurance has only been studied in a number of
different aspects, with the number of researches is limited and the research is
no long time. There has been no research on the contents of the state
management of social insurance and factors affecting the state management of
social insurance deeply.. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the
experimental results on the factors affecting the state management of social
insurance in Vietnam.
Secondly , researches on state management of social insurance have
been practically limited in terms of study time, such as Anil Duman
(2010), Qin Gao, Sui Yang, Shi Li (2012), Gerhard Igl (2015) ... only one
factor influencing the state management of social insurance, has not provided
empirical evidence, solutions for the factors that affect the State management
of social insurance.

Starting from the shortcomings mentioned above, the author choose the
topic: " Research factors affecting the state management of social

insurance in Vietnam" with the objective of contributing to the filling the
research gap. The author argues that the topic has both theoretical and
practical signification, providing appropriate solutions for the state
management of social insurance in the coming time.
CONCLUSION CHAPTER 1
The content of Chapter 1 focuses on clarifying the general theory of the
views of researchers in the world and in Vietnam on the state management of
social insurance, through published projetcs including scientific journals,
monographs, dissertations, etc… In each section, the authors present an
overview of the common features of the researches and analysis, assess the
advantages and disadvantages of the researches to indicate research gaps still
need to be improved when studying the state management of social
insurance. Based on the research gap, the authors selected the topic to
supplement the empirical evidence related to the state management of social
insurance.
CHAPTER 2
THEORETICAL BASIS ON THE STATE MANAGEMENT
OF SOCIAL INSURANCE
2.1. General information on social insurance
2.1.1. The concept of social insurance
In broad terms , social insurance is the guarantee or replacement or
partial compensation for employees and their families when employees take
part in social security contributions are reduced or lost income from labour
due to social insurance events occur and provide employment services,
medical care for them on the basis of the social insurance fund contributed by
the partie in order to stabilize the life of employees, ensure social security.
2.1.2. The role of social insurance

2.1.2.1. For employees
The biggest role of social insurance is to compensate for lost or reduced
income in the following cases: Sickness; Maternity; Occupational accidents Occupational diseases; Retirement and death. This support not only helps
them to minimize difficulties but also creates conditions for them and their
families to stabilize life
2.1.2.2. For employers


Social insurance helps organizations, businesses stablize operations
through the delivery of cost to the employee reasonably. Social insurance
contributes to making the workforce in each production and business unit
operate continuously, effectively. At the same time, the parties of labor
relations become more attached to each other .
2.1.2.3. For the state and society
In social insurance, the role of the state is very large, not only reflected
in the unified and comprehensive management of social insurance but also the
support, patronization of social insurance. In conditions of limited resources,
the social insurance fund has helped the State reduce the burden of spending
on state budget in payment of social insurance so that the State allocates part
of state budget to build and develop high welfare programs to serve the
common interests of the whole society.
2.1.3. Social insurance management
Social insurance management is the process of organizing and
controlling the activities of social insurance in a unified order to achieve the
goals and strategies set out. Thus, management of social insurance consists of
two basic contents: professional management of social insurance and state
management of social insurance, in which:
Characteristics of state management
- State management is of special power, highly organized, and the
unilateral order of the state. State management is established on the basis of

relationship between "authority" and "submission".
- State management is organized and adjusted. The organization here is
understood as a science of establishing relationships between people and
people in order to carry out the process of social management. Adjustment is
defined as the state based on the legal instruments to force the governed
subject follow the objective social rules to achieve social balance.
- State management is scientific, planning. This characteristic requires
the state to organize its management activities on managed subjects must
have a consistent and specific program and follow a outlined plan based on a
research scientifically.
- State management is the continuous and stable impacts on social
processes and systems of social behavior. Along with the change of
management objects, the state management activities must take place
regularly, continuously, without interruption.

State management of social insurance
The state management of social insurance activities is the process by
which the state uses its power organized impact and adjusts relationships in
social insurance activities to ensure social insurance activities take place in
accordance with the law and properly perform the functions and tasks of
social insurance.
2.2. Content of the state management on social insurance
2.2.1. Policy making and orientation for social insurance development
Study on the form of social insurance, on the formation of funds and
social insurance regimes of the countries to determine strategies and orientations
for development of social insurance activities in general and for the economic
sector in particular .
2.2.2. Developing the legal system on social insurance
Research and issued the legal document system for managing and
administering uniformly the operation of social insurance, implementation of

state management by law such as: Labor law , Employment law, Social
Insurance law, Decrees, circulars, decisions ..., organize and administrate of
the legal system.
2.2.3. Establishing financial mechanism of social insurance
+ Encouraging and creating conditions for agencies, organizations and
individuals to participate in social insurance.
+ Protecting the social insurance fund and taking solutions to preserve
and increase the fund.
+ Encourage employers and employees to take out supplementary
pension insurance.
2.2.4. Support and patronage of the State
State manages comprehensively social insurance to ensure the
legitimate rights and interests of participants in social insurance. In their
management, the State always has a policy of support and patronage, so that
in all conditions and circumstances, the participants are guaranteed their
rights. This is also the biggest goal of the State when managing social
insurance.
2.2.5. Inspection and test of social insurance activities
During the process of organizing inspection activities, Ministry of
Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs has combined closely with relevant


ministries, sectors and local authorities . Through the inspection and
examination of social insurance activities are not only for the purpose of
dealing with violations, but also grasping general situation in the field of
social insurance, thereby advising the state management of social insurance to
supplement, adjust to suit the general situation of society.
2.3. Factors affecting the state management of social insurance
2.3.1. Internal factors
Firstly, the qualification of civil servant staff in the field of social

insurance
Second, the level of administrative reform in state management
Third, the material and financial conditions to ensure the state
management of social insurance
2.3.2. External factors
First, the development of commercial insurance policies
Second, the need, awareness of citizen about social insurance
Third, the development of social security policy system
2.4. Experience in the state management of social insurance in some
countries in the world and lessons for Vietnam
2.4.1. Experience in the state management of social insurance of some
countries in the world
Research on the state management of social insurance in Thailand,
Indonesia, Philippines and Singapore.
2.4.2. Lessons for Vietnam
- It is necessary to expand the social security program, in particular the
social insurance policy for employees in the labour relation sector, the private
sector, the household and the informal sector (including enterprises operating
under the law and the salaried employees).
- All administrative and operating costs will be allocated from the
central budget.
- In order to ensure the implementation of social insurance policy,
countries attach importance and strengthen the inspection and examination in
the implementation of social insurance.
CONCLUSION CHAPTER 2
Chapter 2, the thesis mentioned some basic contents as follows:

1. Clarifying the nescessity for research on the state management of
social insurance.
2. Clarifying the contents of the State management of social

insurance. Previously, many authors have studied social insurance and state
management. However, there is no research to specify the concept and
characteristics of state management of social insurance.
3. Clarify the factors that affect the state management of social
insurance, which will serve as the basis for running the impact assessment
model of factors through the actual survey data in chapter 3.
4. Drawing out some lessons about experience in the state management
of social insurance in some developed countries, then can be considered and
applied in accordance with the conditions of our country.
CHAPTER 3
MODEL AND RESEARCH METHODS
3.1. Research models and research hypotheses
3.1.1. Research models

the development of

the qualification of civil

commercial insurance

servant staff

policies
the material and
financial conditions

the need, awareness of

State management of

citizen about social insurance

social insurance
the level of

the development of social
security policy system

administrative reform
in state management

Figure 3. 1 : Describe the research model

(Source: the author synthetics)
3.1.2. Explain the variables in the research model
- Dependent variable: The state management of social insurance


- The dependent variable : the qualification of civil servant staff in the
field of social insurance; the level of administrative reform in state
management;the material and financial conditions to ensure the state
management of social insurance; the development of commercial insurance
policies; the need, awareness of citizen about social insurance;the
development of social security policy system.
3.1.3. Research hypotheses
Based on the model presented in Figure 2.1, the author makes the
assumptions following as:
Hypothesis H1: the qualification of civil servant staff in the field of
social insurance affects the state management of social insurance;
Hypothesis H2 : The level of administrative reform in state

management affects the state management of social insurance;
Hypothesis H3 : The material and financial conditions to ensure the
state management of social insurance affect the state management of social
insurance.
Hypothesis H4 : the development of social security policy
system affects the state management of social insurance.
Hypothesis H5: The development of commercial insurance
policies affects the state management of social insurance.
Hypothesis H6: The need, awareness of citizen about social
insurance affects the state management of social insurance.
3.2. Research Methods
In my research, the author uses both quantitative and qualitative
methods. However, in order to serve the researching process, the authors must
design the research to make a basis for further research steps.
3.2.1. Research design
The research process consists of the following steps:

Research
Overview
Conclusion and
proposed solutions

Reseach questions

Theoretical
framework

Discuss the
research results

Data collection and
analysis

Research design

Diagram 3. 1 : Research Process

(Source: the author synthetics)
3.2.2. Qualitative research methods
Before selecting the factors influencing the state management of
social insurance in Vietnam, the author has reviewed the literature (scientific
articles, lecture papers, syllabus, books monographs, dissertations, master
theses, etc.) to summarize factors affecting the state management of social
insurance.
Following that, the author lists the initial selected factors. Then, the
author organized a number of small seminars of 5-7 scientists in the field of
social insurance (instructors, lecturers of the Faculty of Insurance
Departurement of National Economics University, managers of social
insurance sector, social insurance cadres, students participate in scientific
research on social insurance ...). As a common result of the discussions and
consultations, the author has selected the six influential factors that have the
greatest and direct impacts on the state management of social insurance,
including:
- The qualification, competence of civil servant staff in the field of
social insurance
- The level of administrative reform in state management


- The material and financial conditions to ensure the state management
of social insurance

- The development of commercial insurance policies
- The need, awareness of citizen about social insurance
- The development of social security policy system
3.2.3. Quantitative research methods
To serve for quantitative research, The author identified data sources,
collection methods, research sample, data collection tools and data analysis as
follows:
3.2.3.1. Source of data collection
Authors collected from two main sources are secondary data sources
and primary data sources . At the same time, the author conducted direct
interviews with state management experts on social insurance, managers and
management staff in social insurance units. Interview questions focused on
issues related to the state management of social insurance and solutions to
improve the state management of social insurance in Vietnam.
3.2.3.2. How to conduct data collection
The author conducts data collection through two main tools: (1) send
questionnaires directly and (2) submit questionnaires via the Google Docs
application.
3.2.3.3. The method of sample selection
n ≥ 50 + 8p
In which: n is the sample size
p is the number of independent variable in the model
So, the minimum sample size that author can use for analysis is 98.
However, the sample size is used for the analysis is 252 is perfectly
appropriate.
3.2.3.4. Data collection tools
- Phase 1: Draft questionnaire
- Phase 2: Consultation with experts
- Phase 3: Design of the official questionnaire
3.2.3.5. Data processing and analysis methods

Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). To use EFA, the first is evaluating
the reliability of the scale. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient (α) is a statistical test
of the closely degree which the items in the scale correlate together, α with
the formula:

α = Np / [1+ p (N-1)]
In which : p is the average correlation coefficient between items
N is the number of asked items
The total number of collected and valid questionnaires was 252.
After collecting enough data, the author moved into excel, coding for
the variables in sections and groups of the questionnaire. Then put all the data
into the SPSS software. Thus, the data will include 252 samples in the SPSS
analysis .
CONCLUSION CHAPTER 3
This chapter also clarifies some of the following:
1 ) Develop scale for assessing the criteria, factors affecting the state
management of social insurance . The scale of variables or the factors has the
reliability, are closely related to the measurement aspect, ensuring statistical
significance.
2 ) Use the proposed model to study the factors influencing the state
management of social insurance and determine the hypotheses.
3) Establishment of the research model is theoretically meaningful,
opening the direction of research on methods relation to factors affecting the
state management of social insurance in Vietnam.
CHAPTER 4
ANALYSIS RESULTS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE STATE
MANAGEMENT OF SOCIAL INSURANCE IN VIETNAM
4.1. Status of the state management of social insurance in Vietnam
4.1.1. Building the legal system on social insurance
Implementation of the program build legal documents guiding the

implementation of Social Insurance Law, as of December 31, 2015, the total
number of legal documents guiding the implementation of Social Insurance
Law issued including 18 of Decree of Government, 04 Decisions of the Prime
Minister and 31 Circulars of the ministries and branches .
4.1.2. Object development
At the end of 2015, the total number of people participating
in compulsory social insurance and voluntary social insurance reached 12.14
million people, up 2.0 times compared to 2008, achieving an average growth
rate of 7.4% per year in 2008- 2015.


4.1.3. About the propaganda and dissemination of policies and laws of the
State on social insurance
The social insurance system from the central to local has actively
coordinated with ministries, departments and central and local agencies to
implement the propaganda and dissemination of social insurance legislation to
employees and employers with many forms such as transmission of
information through the mass media, newspapers, radio, TV ...
4.1.4. Inspection, testing of social insurance activities
The Government has issued a decree regulating the performance of the
specialized inspection function on social insurance, health insurance and
unemployment insurance by the social insurance agency, which assigns the
General Director of Vietnam Social Insurance, Director of social insurance of
provinces and cities to sanction administrative violations in the field of
collection of social insurance.
4.1.5. Regarding the administrative reform in the field of social insurance
Vietnam Social Insurance statistics show that Vietnam Social Insurance
has reduced from 115 procedures to 32 procedures, with a 32% decrease in profile
component; criteria for declaration forms decreased 42%; Process and operation
reduced 54%. Time to implement the administrative procedures to participate and

enjoy the social insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance of
enterprises decreased from 335 hours/year in 2014 to 81 hours/year in 2015.
Continue to reform the administrative procedures to reach 45 hours per year in the
next time.
4.2. Issues for the state management of social insurance in Vietnam
- The propaganda and dissemination of the law on social insurance has
not received the proper attention of the authorities in some localities.
- The awareness of a number of employers and employees on social
insurance policy is limited
- The level of compliance with social insurance participation of
enterprises is not high ; The situation of owing social insurance is still large
- The risk of imbalance of the social insurance fund is high due to the
imbalance between the level of social insurance premiums and social
insurance benefits
- The coordination between functional branches in implementing the
Law on Social Insurance is limited, not tight.
4.3. Causes of existence of the state management of social insurance

- The current social insurance policy is too favorable for the armed
forces; public administration, the party, union through the calculation of
pensions based only on a number of final years before the retirement.
- The level of social insurance premiums and social insurance benefits
is imbalance; premiums disproportionate to the levels of benefit.
- The application of information technology in the management of
social insurance is still limited, so management costs have not been saved.
- Local coordination has not met the practical requirements and
expectations of leaders of ministries, branches and Viet Nam social insurance
4.4. Results of research on management of social insurance in Vietnam
4.4.1. Description of sample survey
In total 252 people surveyed in 05 units of the Ministry of Labor, War

Invalids and Social Affairs; Vietnam Social Insurance; Department of Labor,
War Invalids and Social Affairs in Hanoi and some research institutes
(Institute of Social Labour Science, Institute of Social Insurance Science,
university of Labour and Social Affairs), a total of 131 respondents were male
(52.0%) and 121 respondents were female (48.0%).
4.4.2. Describe the characteristics of the data
According to the assessment of cadres and civil servants on the state
management of social insurance now, the scale of policy making, building the
legal system of social insurance, financial mechanism, support from the State,
inspection and examination of social insurance activities are rated as good
from 3.53 points to 3.76 points. In particular, the lowest point assessment is
scale on development of financing mechanisms.
4.4.3. Reliability analysis of the scale (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient)
Table 4. 1 : Cronbach's Alpha Test of the state management of social
insurance
Scale
Mean if
Item
Deleted

Scale
Variance if Corrected
Item-Total
Item
Correlation
Deleted

Cronbach's
Alpha if
Squared

Multiple
Item
Correlation Deleted

State management of social insurance: alpha = 0.863
c1a1
c1a2
c1a3

13.64
13.67
13.43

7.123
6,988
7.290

.779
.811
.698

.724
.735
.559

.796
.877
.815

c1a4
c1a5

13.53
14.50

7.023
7.574

.698
.428

.388
.188

.814
.896

( Source: Data processing results of the author)
Corrected Item-Total Correlation are quite high, all of these
coefficients are greater than 0.3. Therefore, the measurement variables of
these components are standard, ensuring good quality.
4.4.4. Analysis of influencing factors
Table 4. 2 : KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin
Measure
of
Sampling
.940
Adequacy.

Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 8390.492
DF

630

Sig.

.000

( Source: Data processing results of the author)
KMO and Barlett's test showed that for the KMO index was 0.940 and
the Sig value was 0.000; Meaning at 5%, the variables are correlated in the
overall. The above indicators are fully content with the condition to the
exploratory factor analysis model to be highly relevant in the analysis.
4.5. Estimate results
The sequence of factors influencing the state management of social
insurance is as follows:
- Firstly, factor 1 (qualification, competence of civil servant staff in the
field of social insurance) contributed to 29.36%
- Secondly, factor 3 (the level of administrative reform in social
insurance affects the state management of social insurance) contributed to
22.80%
- Third, factor 2 (development of the social security policy system
affecting the state management of social insurance) contributed to 14.53%
- Factor 6 (The need, awareness of citizen on social insurance affects
the state management of social insurance) contributed 13.59%
- Factor 4 (The development of commercial insurance policies
affects the state management of social insurance) contributes 11.99%
- Finally, factor 5 (The material conditions of units affect the state
management of social insurance) contributes 7.73%

Table 4. 3 : Determine the importance of independent variables in the
model
Unit: %
Criteria

Factor 1
Factor 2
Factor 3
Factor 4
Factor 5
Factor 6

Policy
making

30.79
13.00
24.80
12.47
8.33
10.61

Develop
law
system

28.35
14.62
26.93

7.28
6.15
16.67

General
Establish Support
Inspection, management
of
financial
test
of social
mechanism State
insurance

29.97
32.65
24.56
29.36
10.42
19.64
14.13
14.53
25.10
21.97
14.99
22.80
21.22
15.44
3.36
11.99

9.13
4.02
11.76
7.73
4.16
6.28
31.20
13.59
( Source: Data processing results of the author)
The initial research model proposed 6 factors affecting the state
management of social insurance, including: The qualification, competence of
civil servant staff in the field of social insurance; The level of administrative
reform in state management; The material and financial conditions to ensure
the state management of social insurance; The development of commercial
insurance policies; The need, awareness of citizen about social insurance; The development of social security policy system with a total of 252
observations, with 10 related units.
After evaluating reliability of the scale, the variables have an alpha
cronbach coefficient greater than 0.6 and loading factor coefficient greater
than 0.5. Therefore, no elements are excluded from the model. After factor
analysis, the model also has proposed six factors that affect the management
of state social insurance, including: : The qualification, competence of civil
servant staff in the field of social insurance; The level of administrative
reform in state management; The material and financial conditions to ensure
the state management of social insurance; The development of commercial
insurance policies; The need, awareness of citizen about social insurance;
The development of social security policy system affects the state
management of the social insurance.
CONCLUSION CHAPTER 4
On the basis of situation on the state of the state management of social
insurance, due to the sample survey conducted from 2008-2015 to present the

results of the analysis, the author has identified the state management of


social insurance is now influenced by six factors, ranked in the order of
influence from the strongest to the weakest, namely: The qualification,
competence of civil servant staff in the field of social insurance; The level of
administrative
reform
in
the
state
management
of
social
insurance; Development of the social security policy system; The
development of commercial insurance policies affects the state management
of social insurance;The need, awareness of citizen on social insurance affect
he state management of social insurance; The material and financial
conditions to ensure the state management of social insurance;
CHAPTER 5
SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE STATE MANAGEMENT OF
SOCIAL INSURANCE IN VIETNAM

5.1. The view of the Party and the State on the state management of social
insurance
- Social insurance is an important social policy which is the mainstay of
the social security system, contributing to social progress and equality,
ensuring socio - political stability and socio- economic development.
- Expanding and perfecting regimes, social insurance policies with
steps and route in line with the country's socio-economic development. To

develop the social insurance system in synchrony with the development of
social services, meeting the needs of the people better and better; To create
favorable conditions for people to participate and enjoy social insurance
benefits.
- Social insurance must be based on the principle of contribution,
entitlement, interests corresponding to obligations, sharing among members,
ensuring the equality and sustainability of social insurance and medical
insurance systems. .
5.2. Orientation on development of social insurance in Vietnam until 2025
- By 2020, about 50% of the labor force will participate in social
insurance; 35% of labor force will participate unemployment insurance and
over 80% of the population will participate in health insurance.
- To manage and use properly the social insurance fund and the health
insurance fund so as to ensure that the social insurance fund is balanced in the
long-term and the health insurance fund is annually balanced.

- To consolidate the organizational system of Vietnam's social
insurance branch, raise the managerial capability and perform the tasks of
cadres, civil servants staff so as to implement and contribute to ensuring
the stability and sustainability of the social insurance and health insurance
policies.
Determine policies, regimes on social insurance and health insurance
with the following route:
- Building a system of working offices which are spacious, modern,
convenient for transactions and services; To ensure the requirements on the scale
and long-term use of agencies in the social insurance system from the central to
local levels throughout the country.
5.3. Forecast of social insurance trends for 2016-2025
- Cript 1: The proportion of labor force participating in social insurance
will account for 30% by 2020 and 45% by 2025 (not achieving the target of

15th Resolution of The Central Committee of the Party).
Table 5.1: Forecast of the number of people participating in social insurance
by 2025 (Cript 1)
Unit: thousand people

Total (thousand people)
1. By type
- Obligatory
- Voluntary
Structure (%)
- Obligatory
- Voluntary
2. By sector
- The State
- Outside the state
Structure (%)
- The State
- Outside the state
3. Participation rate vs.
labor force (%)

Growth
rate
(%)
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2025
201620212020
2025
12800 13502 14831 16175 17570 27783 7,8
9.5
12500 12962 14090 15043 15813 22226 6.1

300
540
742
1132 1757 5557 48.8
97.7
2,3

96.0
4,0

95.0
5.0

93.0
7.0

90.0
10.0

80.0
20.0

5040
7760

5180
8323

5322
9510

5466 5613 6383 2.7
10709 11957 21400 10.9

39.4
60.6

38.4
61.6

35.9
64.1

33.8
66.2

31.9
68.1

23.0
77.0

23.0

24.0

26.0

28.0

30.0

45.0

7.1
24.8

-1,6
37.9
2.6
11.4

Source: ILSSA’s Forecast


- Cript 2: The proportion of labour force participating in social
insurance will account for 50% by 2020 (reaching the objectives of 15th
Resolution of The Central Committee of the Party); From 2021 onwards each
year will increase by 1 percentage and reach 55% by 2025.
Table 5.2: (Cript 2) Forecast of the number of people participating in
social insurance up to 2025
Unit: thousand people
Year
Growth rate
(%)
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2025
Criteria
2016- 20212020 2025
Total
(thousand

13884 17581 21392 25274 29283 33957 10.9 3,0
people)
1. By type
- Obligatory
13371 16654 19927 23144 26354 27166 8.8
0.7
- Voluntary
513
927
1465 2129 2928 6791 35.2 17.4
Structure %)
- Obligatory
96.3
94.7
93.2
91.6
90.0
80.0
- Voluntary
3.7
5.3
6.8
8.4
10.0
20.0
2. By Sector
5040 5180 5322 5466 5613 6383 2.7
2.6
- The State
- Outside the state

8844 12401 16070 19807 23670 27574 14.1 3.1
Structure (%)
- The State
36.3
29.5
24.9
21.6
19.2
18.8
63.7
70.5
75.1
78.4
80.8
81.2
- Outside the state
3. Participation rate
25.0
31.3
37.5
43.8
50.0
55.0
vs. labor force (%)
Source: ILSSA’s Forecast
5.4. Some solutions improve the state management of social insurance in
Vietnam
5.4.1. To continue planning and perfecting policies and orientations for
development of social insurance
- Strengthen sanctions to increase compliance with the Law on Social

Insurance ;
- Continue to reform the parameters of social insurance such as
increasing revenues, reducing debts, developing participants ... to ensure the
ability to balance financial funds in the long term

- To implement the policy of partially supporting voluntary social
insurance premiums for specific employees (the near poor, the poor and
labours with average or below average living standards in agriculture,
forestry, fishery and salt industry) .
5.4.2. To continue building, supplementing and perfecting the legal system
on social insurance
- Expand coverage of social insurance
- Amend some contents on social insurance regimes in the direction of
ensuring the benefits for employees, step by step applying the principles of
balance of contributions and benefits.
- Modify and supplement regulations to renovate methods and organize
the implementation of social insurance policies.
- Increase the authorization and add functions and tasks to the
implementing organizations
5.4.3. Propose and develop a mechanism to ensure the sustainability
of social insurance finance
- Implement solutions to increase revenue for the fund, such as: prolong
the contribution time and implement the contribution on the actual salary
- Research and adjust the benefit level of social insurance
- Continue to adjust the pension and social insurance benefits to
improve the life of pensioners and compensate for inflation as the consumer
price index rises.
5.4.5. Coordinate and strengthen the contents of social insurance
inspection and test activities.
- Strengthening the inspection and test of social insurance, coordination

between the labor inspection agencies, the State inspectors and the Labor,
War Invalids and Social Affairs agencies.
- Vietnam social insurance should direct social insurance at all levels to
report timely, fully the situation of social insurance debt with the People's
Committee, the local labor inspectors to inspect and handle violations
according to regulations.
- Strengthen the management of the settlement on benefits of social
insurance regimes, ensuring benefits for employees and prevent the abuse
behaviors of funds
5.4.4. Strengthen the information, propaganda and construction of the
operating apparatus of social insurance


- The social insurance agencies at all levels should cooperate very well
with mass media agencies from central to local to propaganda and widespread
social insurance policy
- Build a standard job title system, job placement; renovate the method
of assessment and appointment of managers to ensure transparency and
objectivity
5.4.6. Continue to expand international cooperation on social insurance
- Strengthen multilateral cooperation activities, participation and
implementation of commitments, standards and initiatives of the United
Nations, ASEAN ... in the fields of labor and society.
- Establish a positive working relationship with the United Nations
agencies
5.4.7. Strengthen the administrative reform and the application of
information technology to the state management of social insurance
- Carry out synchronously the contents of administrative reform tasks
with the implementation of the "one-door" and " interconnected one-door"
mechanims.

- Speed up the application of computerized administrative management
and quality management system ISO 9001: 2008 to serve the direction and
administration in handling the work.
5.4.8. Strengthen capacity of investment management of social insurance
fund
- Create the environment and autonomy management structure of social
insurance fund
- Establish strategic asset allocation (SAA) to provide fulcrum in
investment decisions of Vietnam Social Insurance.
- Vietnam social insurance needs to build its risk management capacity
based on a periodic market assessment of the portfolios.
5.4.9. Modernize the administrative system of social insurance and
strenthen the activities of state agencies related to state management of
social insurance.
- In the context of many important transformations taking place in
Vietnam in the next decade, the development of a modern social security
administration must be given priority.

- In the first stage of social insurance, there should be a clear reform
strategy for the next 10 years to increase the effectiveness, operation and
accountability for the state management of social insurance.
- Strengthening the coordination among relevant government agencies
will be very important to improve the social security services.
CONCLUSION CHAPTER 5
Chapter 5 of the thesis predicts the development trends of social
insurance participants to 2025, pointing out challenges for the state
management of social insurance.
State management of social insurance is influenced by many factors
both external and internal. The state management of social insurance is one of
the important tasks of the socio-economy, because this problem has a great

impact on the life of employees and the social security system. Therefore, the
solution to improve the state management is a special concerned problem. In
Chapter 5, the author proposes some solutions based on the results of actually
research in management units, scientific research in the field of social
insurance. These solutions have high practical significance and can apply to
the state management of social insurance now and in the future
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
The state management of social insurance is a very important issue in
the overall development of socio-economic. Social insurance shows the level
and capacity of social risk management of the state. The issue of state
management of social insurance is not separated from the policy and
guidelines of the state, because of the objectives and strategy of national
social security. Only when the state management of social insurance
demonstrates its role, the social insurance system will operate effectively,
ensuring harmonious benefits for all participants.
In order to improve the effectiveness of the state management of social
insurance, the author has studied the factors affecting the state management of
social insurance. Within the scope of the thesis, the author has solved the
following key issues:
Firstly, presenting a comprehensive picture of domestic and foriegn
research on the state management of social insurance.


Secondly, clarifying the general theory of the state management of
social insurance and analyzing the factors influencing the state management
of social insurance in Vietnam.
- Proposing a research model for the state management of social
insurance, the model shows the correlation between the state management
and influencing factors ; Model also shows the correlation between the
evaluation

criteria
and
the influencing
factors.
The proposed
model is consistent with the survey data and has statistically significant .
- Based on the results of the research, analyzing the situation of the
factors affecting the state management of social insurance in Chapter 04, the
author proposed appropriate solutions in Chapter 05 to improve the state
management of social insurance in Vietnam. The author also emphasizes that
this thesis studies factors influencing the state management of social
insurance in Vietnam. This research has shown that the research model based
on the Cronbach Alpha scale is a useful tool. However, its results are just
accurate if there are the full data in the model, and also note that considering
the impact level from the Cronbach Alpha scale is not a complete evaluation
solution. It is just one of many tools that managers should consider in
assessing the impact on their management.
RESTRICTIONS OF THE THESIS
1) The set of criteria for assessing the impact of the state management
of social insurance in Vietnam according to the new author's proposal just
explains 73 , 77% of the variation in the research model. So, there are a
number of other influencing factors that have not been included in the
research model.
2) The solutions based on the levels of influence of the factors in the
model. So, other solutions what have not mentioned for factors not included
in the research model, has certain value in completing the state management
of social insurance in Vietnam.
3) The scope of the research space is mainly at the central level and in
Hanoi, which is small in the field of the state management of social insurance
in Vietnam.

4) About the research information providing channel: At present,
national data on social insurance are not properly developed and stored in
Vietnam. Thus, in a certain extent, self-collection of data has some influence
on the conclusions of the research.