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THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF
NATURAL HISTORY
INCORPORATED

IN I 869



MEMBERSHIP
Of the utmost value to the Museum is the support
that it receives from its Members.
There are more than two thousand residents of New
York and vicinity who thus assist in our educational and
scientific work.
Annual Members
Life Members
Fellows
Patrons

.

.

.

.

.

$

10
100

500
1,000

.

FORM OF GIFT OR BEQUEST
I do hereby give and bequeath to " THE AMERICAN

MUSEUM

OF

NATURAL HISTORY,"

of the City of

New rork.- . . .....--------

.............................................................

-----------------------

......................................................................

......................................................................


23

IRVING PRESS
119 and 13 Est Thirty4WU Street
Now York



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FORTIETH ANNUAL REPORT

OF

THE AMERICAN MUSEUM
OF NATURAL HISTORY
FOR

THE

YEAR 1908

Annual Report of the President
Treasurer's Report
List of Accessions
Act of Incorporation
Contract with the Department of Parks
Constitution
By-Laws and List of Members

NEW YORK
ISSUED MAY I, I909


CONTENTS
PAGE

5
FORM OF BEQUEST
.................................
BOARD OF TRUSTEES .............................................. IO
II

COMMITTEES AND OFFICERS ..............
SCIENTIFIC STAFF ................................................. 12
I5
..............................................
PRESIDENT'S REPORT .
..............

........................

Administration and Education ........

Building

.....
.

........................
.........

I7
I7
I8
iS

Attendance ...........................................
Public Lectures .......................................
Astronomic Exhibits ................................... I8
Museum Extension to the Schools ....................... 19
Lecture Courses ....................................... 21
Hospitality to Scientific Societies ....................... 25

27
Collections, Explorations and Exhibitions .......
27
Explorations ..................................
Minerals-Department of Mineralogy .................... 27
Mammals and Birds-Department of Mammalogy and
28
Ornithology .............................
Fishes
and
.............................
29
Living Reptiles
Extinct Mammals, Birds, Reptiles and Fishes-Department
of Vertebrate Palaeontology .......................... 30
32
Extinct Fishes ............................
Living Invertebrates-Department of Invertebrate Zo6logy 32
Molluscan Shells-Department of Conchology ............ 34
Insects-Department of Entomology .................... 34
Extinct Invertebrates-Department of Geology and Invertebrate Palaeontology ................................. 35
Living and Extinct Races of Men-Department of Anthropology ............................................ 35
Department of Physiology .............................. 38
Jesup Collection of North American Woods .............. 39
Library-Department of Books and Publications .......... 39
Publications .......................................... 40
..............


Contents

PAGE

PRESIDENT'S REPORT-Continued

Membership ..........................................

43
New Members ........................................ 43
Classes of Membership ..............
5
...................
Deceased Trustees, Benefactors and Members ............ 44
Financial Administration ..................................... 44
Summary of the Yearly Expenditures from I901 to 1908 .. 45
City Maintenance Account ............... .............. 45
Trustees General Account ..........................,.46
Trustees Special Funds Account ........................ 46
Trustees Permanent Endowment ......................... 46
FINANCIAL STATEMENT
. . 49
AccEsSIONS..........................................
58
Public Instruction ..................
58
Geology and Invertebrate Palaeontology ....................... 58
6o
Mammalogy and Ornithology ....................
Vertebrate Palaontology ..................................... 63
Division of Fossil Fishes ............................... 64
...........

Anthropology .....................
Entomology ................................................
Mineralogy and Conchology ..................................
Invertebrate Zoology .........................................
.

.........

Trees ......................................................
ACT OF INCORPORATION
.................... .......................
..
CONTRACT WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS
..
CONSTITUTION
BY-LAWS ........................................................
LEGISLATION .....................................................
LIST OF MEMBERS
............................
Patrons ...........

Fellows......

Honorary Fellow ...........
Life Members ...........
Annual Members......

.....

65
67
70
73
77

78
80
86
92

95
97
97
99
99
ioo

.....

IO6


BOARD OF TRUSTEES
FOR 1909

President

HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN
First Vice-President

Second Vice-President

J. PIERPONT MORGAN
Treasurer
CHARLES LANIER

CLEVELAND H. DODGE
Secretary

J. HAMPDEN ROBB

EX-OFFICIO
THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK
THE COMPTROLLER OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PARKS

ELECTIVE

CLASS OF 1909
JOSEPH H. CHOATE
J. PIERPONT MORGAN
HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN
CLASS OF 1910
PERCY R. PYNE
J. HAMPDEN ROBB
JOHN B. TREVOR
ARTHUR CURTISS JAMES
J. PIERPONT MORGAN, JR.

CLASS OF 1911
WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER
GUSTAV E. KISSEL
SETH LOW

CHARLES LANIER
ANSON W. HARD

CLASS OF 1912
MILLS
ARCHIBALD ROGERS
D. 0.
ALBERT S. BICKMORE
CORNELIUS C. CUYLER
ADRIAN ISELIN, JR.

CLASS OF 1913
GEORGE S. BOWDOIN
A. D. JUILLIARD

CLEVELAND H. DODGE
ARCHER M. HUNTINGTON
I0


COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES
FOR 1909
Executive Committee

HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Chairman

J. PIERPONT MORGAN GEORGE S. BOWDOIN
CLEVELAND H. DODGE ARTHUR CURTISS JAMES
A. D. JUILLIARD
CHARLES LANIER
J. HAMPDEN ROBB
ARCHER M. HUNTINGTON
JOHN B. TREVOR
Auditing Committee

ANSON W. HARD, Chairman
SETH LOW
GUSTAV E. KISSEL
Finance Committee

J. PIERPONT MORGAN, Chairman
CHARLES LANIER
D. 0. MILLS
ADRIAN ISELIN, JR.
CORNELIUS C. CUYLER
J. PIERPONT MORGAN, JR.
Nominating Committee

SETH LOW

PERCY R. PYNE, Chairman
ARCHIBALD ROGERS
Committee on Buildings and Plans

J. PIERPONT MORGAN, JR., Chairman
JOHN B. TREVOR

CORNELIUS C. CUYLER
The President is ex-officio a member of all

Standing Committees

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS
Director

HERMON CAREY BUMPUS
Assistant Secretary and Assistant Treasurer

GEORGE H. SHERWOOD
II


SCIENTIFIC STAFF
FOR 1909

DIRECTOR
HERMON CAREY BUMPUS, Ph.D., Sc.D.

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION
Prof. ALBERT S. BICKMORE, B.S., Ph.D., LL.D., Curator Emeritus
GEORGE H. SHERWOOD, A.B., A.M., Curator

DEPAR TMENT OF GEOLOGY AND INVER TEBRA TE
PAL1EONTOLOG Y

Prof. R. P. WHITFIELD, A. M., Curator
EDMUND OTIS HOVEY, A.B., Ph.D., Associate Curator

DEPAR TMENT OF MAMMALOG Y A ND ORNI THOLOG Y

Prof. J. A. ALLEN, Ph.D., Curator
FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Curator of Ornithology
ROY C. ANDREWS, A.B., Assistant in Mammalogy
W. de W. MILLER, Assistant in Ornithology

DEPAR TMENT OF VER TEBRA TE PALEONTOLOG Y

Prof. HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, A.B., Sc.D., LL.D., D.Sc., Curator
W. D. MATTHEW, Ph.B., A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Associate Curator
WALTER GRANGER, Assistant
BARNUM BROWN, A.B., Assistant
DEPAR TMENT OF MINERALOG Y

L. P. GRATACAP, Ph.B., A.B., A.M., Curator
GEORGE F. KUNZ, A.M., Ph.D., Honorary Curator of Gems
I2


SCIENTIFIC STAFF FOR 19O9-Continued

DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY
CLARK WISSLER, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Curator
HARLAN I. SMITH, Assistant Curator
ROBERT H. LoWIE, A.B., Ph.D., Assistant Curator
CHARLES W. MEAD, Assistant

Prof. MARSHALL H. SAVILLE, Honorary Curator of Mexican Archaology

DEPAR TMENT OF BOOKS AND PUBLICA TIONS

Prof. RALPH W. TOWER, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Curator
DEPARTMENT OF INVER TEBRA TE ZOOLOG Y
Prof. HENRY E. CRAMPTON, A.B., Ph.D., Curator
Roy W. MINER, A.B., Assistant Curator
FRANK E. LUTZ, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Assistant Curator
L. P. GRATACAP, Ph.B., A.B., A.M., Curator of Mollusca
WILLIAM BEUTENM'YLLER, Associate Curator of Lepidoptera

Prof. WILLIAM MORTON WHEELER, Ph.D., Honorary Curator of Social Insects
ALEXANDER PETRUNKEVITCH, Ph.D., Honorary Curator of Arachnida
Prof. AARON L. TREADWELL, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Honorary Curator of Annulata

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY
Prof. RALPH W. TOWER, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Curator

DEPARTMENT OF MAPS AND CHARTS
A. WOODWARD, Ph.D., Curator
DEPAR TMENT OF ICHTHYOLOGY AND HERPETOLOGY
Prof. BASHFORD DEAN, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Curator of Fishes and Reptiles.
LOUIS HUSSAKOF, B.S., Ph.D., Assistant Curator of Fossil Fishes

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FORTIETH ANNUAL REPORT
To the Trustees and Members of The American Museum of
Natural History, and to the Municipal Authorities of the
City of New York:
The President submits herewith a report of the progress
of the Museum during the year I908.
Forty years ago* the Museum was incorporated and thirtythreet years ago the Trustees entered upon the development
of an institution of national scope on Manhattan Square, a
location ideally suited to the purpose. Under the successive
administrations of John David Wolfe and Robert L. Stuart,
and' especially under the ,creative mind of Morris K. Jesup,
the original conception of the Museum has constantly widened,
until now the two grand objects for which it should exist are
firmly established, namely:

I. PUBLIC EDUCATION IN NATURAL SCIENCE
2. RESEARCH, EXPLORATION, PUBLICATION
Our system of education (pp. I8 to 26), in the Museum
Exhibition and Lecture halls, and through what may be called
MAuseum Extension to the Schools and Libraries, has reached
i,674,272 adults and young during the past year. It more
than justifies the expenditure of the public funds devoted to
the erection and maintenance of the building. But the life
and spirit of education are all drawn from the same source,
namely, the scientific work of the Museum. Without this
incessant activity of its own, which is entirely supported by
private funds, the Museum would be dependent on other scientific bodies, whereas, it is a living center which, without
exaggeration, may be said to reach every part of the world.
To support this twofold object, our present Endowment Fund
of $2,048,156.6i must be increased to $s,ooo,ooo, and, within
a few years, to a larger sum.
The future scope of exhibition is a matter which has been
given very careful thought during the past year and will soon
* April 6, z869
t April 22, z876

I5


eRport of the President

I6

be presented in a special report. All museums appear to have
begun, like ours, with collections of minerals and of stuffed

mammals and birds. We have now grown into the broader
spirit that the part of the Museum is to join with the entire
educational system of the city and country by presenting for
objective teaching all of Nature in all its aspects, including the
native andprehistoric races of men. Only where history and art
begin our part ceases and that of the Museum of Art begins.
It is thus within the province of an ideal Natural History
Museum to include the following subjects and divisions of
science, as stated in an elementary way:
THE HEAVENS. Astronomy, The Solar System, Meteorites, etc.
THE EARTH. Geography, Physiography, Geology and
Mineralogy.
THE SEA. Thalassography, Chemistry and Physics of
the Sea.
LIFE. The Present (Zb6logy) and Past (Paleontology)
History of Animal Life on the Earth.
FORESTRY AND FOREST CONSERVATION.
This, with
the Jesup Wood Collection, is the only invasion of
the science of Botany.*
MAN. Present and Past History of Man (AnthropologyEthnology and Archaeology of the Non-historic
Races); also the life history of the lower animals
and plants which peculiarly affect man.
Beginnings have been made in several of these newer subjects, not heretofore embraced in the plans of Museums of
Natural History, such as Astronomy (see p. i8) and Geography,
and the amount of service which these exhibitions have
rendered to the public encourages their entry as part of the
great plan of the development of the Museum during the next
twenty years. Berlin has a Museum entirely devoted to
Thalassography. Physical Geography is a subject which will

connect both with the life exhibitions of the Museum and
with the studies of the school.
The exhibition methods of the Museum are frankly and
chiefly for public and higher education. The average visitor,
*A

science belonging properly to the New York Botanical Garden


Report of the President

I7

the school, the college and the university student are constantly in the mind of the Director and of each Curator in the
arrangement of the exhibition halls. The needs of the
specialist are also met so far as practicable, but the investigator,
who must compare and study large numbers of duplicate
specimens, is referred to the reserve and study collections,
which are absolutely open to all duly qualified persons.

I. ADMINISTRATION AND EDUCATION
Although since the foundation of the Museum the City has
contributed generously for its support, it has been without
direct official representation on the Board. The Trustees
desire that the City officials should have a more intimate
knowledge of the methods of administration and of the plans
for the future. Accordingly the Constitution has b)een so
amended that henceforth the Mayor of the City of New York,
the Comptroller and the President of the Department of
Public Parks are ex-ojjicio members of the Board.

Every effort has been made to continue the policy and to
expand the work that was wisely begun by the founders of
the Museum and so ably conducted by those who have
directed its growth. The fact that other cities are now
establishing museums of science and education similar to the
American Museum, and are frequently sending delegates to
investigate its methods, plan and scope, are reasons for our
belief in the real value to the community of an institution of
this character.
As a fitting memorial to the late President Jesup, for his
untiring devotion to the interests of the Museum, the Trustees
are having prepared a marble statue of heroic size, which is to
be placed in the Foyer. The statue is being executed by the
sculptor, Mr. William Couper, and its cost has been met by
the personal contributions of the Trustees and other friends.
BUILDING.-The new wing on Columbus Avenue (South
Section of the West Fagade) was finished early in June and
was duly accepted by the City.
Early in the year plans and specifications were prepared
for the construction of a service roadway on the Columbus
Avenue side of the new wing, but owing to the unavailability


:I 8

8Report of the President

of the balance of the building appropriation, the contract has
not been let. The need of this roadway is imperative and it
should be the first piece of new construction undertaken, as,

under present conditions, the delivery of our coal and heavy
freight is both difficult and expensive.
For the better protection of the buildings and collections,
two fire alarm boxes, giving direct connection with Fire Headquarters, have been installed, one at the Bureau of Information, the other in the Lecture Hall, and a system of nightwatchmen's telephones has been put in operation. Telephones
have been installed in remote parts of the building and at all
important intermediate centers. The watchmen in their
rounds are required to report by telephone to the Central
Office according to a definite schedule.
PUBLIC EDUCATION
ATTENDANCE.-For the first time in the history of the
Museum the attendance has exceeded the million mark,
1,043,582 visitors having been recorded for the year. While
the International Tuberculosis Exhibition, held during December, was largely responsible for this increase in the attendance,
the number of visitors that came to the Museum for other
purposes was greater than in any preceding year and indicates
a steady growth of popular interest in the institution.
PUBLIC LECTUREs.-The Lectures given under the auspices
of the Board of Education, the New York Academy of Sciences
and Affiliated Societies and other organizations were attended
by 82,7 i8; the pupils attending the special talks given by Mrs.
Roesler numbered 3,576.
The attendance at the two courses of regular lectures for
school children was 22,931 pupils.
The teachers of the public and private schools are utilizing
more and more the general exhibition collections in order to
illustrate their lessons in history, geography and science.
The records show that IO,387 pupils visited the Museum in
this connection.
ASTRONOMIc EXHIBITS.-In a previous report mention was
made of an installation in the Foyer of the Museum representing the Solar System. This exhibit has been so modified