Lepidoptera indica, Moore V8

LEPIDOPTERA INDICA,
BY

Col.

C.

SWINHOE,

M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.E.S.,

MEMBER OF THE BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY

SOCIETY, OF

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF FRANCE,

AND OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION.

VOL.

VIII.

RHOPALOCERA.
FAMILY LYCMNWM.
SUB-FAMILIES LYC^NIN^, PLEBEIN^, LAMPIDIN^, CHRYSOPHANIN^, POBITIIN^, AMBLYPODIIN^,

CURETIN^, LIPHYBIN^, RURALINiE.

LONDON:

LOVELL EEEVE &

CO.,

LIMITED,

PUBLISHERS TO THE HOME, COLONIAL, AND INDIAN GOVERNMENTS,
6,

HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
1910— 191L



^n'o-^a^

DESCKIPTION OF PLATES.
Plate 640.
Fig.

1,

la,

(J,

1&,

Atroguttata
Fig. 2,

.....

Baton
Fig.

3,

....

3a,

(J,

$.

26,

9,

Plate 646.

Phengaris

9-

Fig.
Fig.

Scolitantides

...

36,

(J.

Younghusbandi

2,

Fig.

1,

la,

(J,

Felicis

Fig.

2,

2a,


Omphisa

Fig. 3,

(J

,

•Fig- 4,

(J

,

$, la,
Galathea

1,

Fig.

9

•

9

•

26,

$.

Lycfena

^.

Lycaena

Lycsena Metallica
Lycajna Nycula

.

.....
.....
9,

16,

5

.

3,

Fig. 4,

•

,

9,

3a,

,

(J

....

9

36,

Plate 647.
Fig.

1,

7

9

Fig.

2,

2a,

,

(J

9

16,

,

26,

,

,J
,

Fig. 3,

3a,

,

(J

9

$

36,

)

Fig.

I,

Fig.

9,

S, 2a,
Lehana
3,
^, 3a,

2,

Fig.

Asiatica

g

16,

Plebeius Iris .
Plebeius
^.

.

.....
9,

26,

9,

36,

.

.

.

.

16

.17

Plebeius Pharis

Fig. 4, (J, 4a, 9,46,
.

.

.31

2,

.

.

Plebeius

.


15

.

Azanus
^, 2a, 9, 26, (J.
Ubaldus
Fig. 3, 3a, (J
Azanus Uranus
Fig. 4, (J 4a, 9 46, (J
Azanus Gamra
Fig. 5, (J
5a, 9
Orthomiella
56,
^

Fig.

(J, la,

1,

30

^ ,\a, ^ ,\h, ^ ,\c, ^ (Wet-season
Brood), Id, $, \e, 9 (Dry-season
Brood).
Polyommatus Yarkundensis
.

Fig.

...

29

Plate 648.

13
14

Plate 643.

.

Polyommatus

.

Chitralensis, iwv.

9
12

28

9 (Wet-season
9 (Dry-season

2c,

Brood), 2d, ^
2e,
Broid).
Polyommatus Fugitiva

8

27

Polyommatus

(?

,

26

Polyommatus

•

.....

la,

(?,

Bilucha

6

25

(Wet-season

^

26,

Drunela, nov.
6

Polyommatus

(J.

.

3,

Lycaena


$, 2a, 26, 9. Plebeius Loewii
Plebeius
^, 3a, 9, 36, $.
Samudra
Plebeius Astrarche
$ 4a, 46, 9

2,

Fig.

16,

9,

3a, 36,
4a, 46,

Plate 642.
Fig.

.....
.....
?,

2a,


lb,

,

Brood), 2c, ^, 2d,
9, 2e, i,
2f, 9 (Diy-season Brood = arene,
Fawcett).
Polyommatus Ariana

3

Lycaena
Fig.

Plate 641.

.....

^, la, 'i
Devanica

1,

2

,

.

.

,

,

,

33
34
34

.

36

Pontis

17

Plate 649.
Plate

644.

Fig.

1, (J

Fig.

2, (J

la,

,

9

,

Jaloka

.....
S,lr, 9.

16,

(one form), 2a,

9

26,

,'

2c,

9

.

i

9

Plebeius Annulata

.

la,

9>

l^j

Sartoides, nov.

Fig.

2,

2a, 9
(J
Pseuderos
,

Fig. 3,

(J

,

3a,

9

,

4,
•

^

,

4a,

9

,

cf

.

2a,

Brood),
Brood).

'

20

Polyommatus

•

.21
Polyommatus
.22

.

26,

$

.

.

,

36,

Drasula, nov.
Fig.

^,

2,

.

9,

2c,

^

26,

.

2d,

,

.

.37

(Wet-season
9 (Dry-season

$

Euchrysops Cnejus

.

40

Plate 650.

^,

1,

le,

Fig.

Plate 645.
Fig.

9 {Wet-season Brood),
9 (Dry-season Brood),
larva
and ^u^a.

Edales

(J, la, 16,
Ic, (J, Id,

Pandava
19

3a, 36,

,

18

Plebeius

Ellisi

Fig. 3,

1,

(another form),

$
2d,

,

(J

Fig.

Plebeius

46,

Stoliczkana

^

,

.

.

.

.

....
(J

4o,
.

1,

.

Polyommatus
.

.

(J, la, 16,
,

.24

(Wet-season Brood),

Id,

.

BcBiicus

23

(J

9 (Dry-season Brood),
Euchrysops Contracta
Fig. 2, (J, 2a, 9, 26, (J.
Lampides

^

If,

Polyommatus

.

9

Fig.

Fig.

3,

(J

,

.....

3a, 36,
3d,
(J

9

42

44

Wet-season Brood),
(Dry-season Brood).
(

3c,
9
Catochrysops Strabo
,

.

...

47


DESCRIPTION OF PLATES
Plate 651.
Fig.

^

1,

In,

,

$

gyria

....

.

$ {Wet-season Brood),
2d, 9 {Dry-season Brood).
2c, $
Syntarucus Plinius

Fig. 2,

Plate 658.

Catochrysops Lithar-

.

Fig.

.....
.....

3a,

^,

3,

9,

.

Cjmbia
Fig. 4,

,

(J

4a,

9

46,

,

Plate 652.
Fig.

\a,

$,

1,

9,

Emolus
Fig. 2,

2a,

i,

9,

Plate

^

3,

3a, 36,

,

9

....
Jamides Bochus

•

.

•

,

.

Plate 654.
1,

.....

la,

(J,

9

Cleodus
2,

2a,

(J,

26,


.

.

3a, 36,
3d,

^,

4,

...

.

57
58

Fig.

9

Fig.

2,

Fig.

3,

Fig.

4,

Fig.

5,

60
62

9> 1^ (? {Wet- season
Brood), Ic, ^,ld, 9, le, ^ {Dryseason Brood), If, larva and pupa.
Jamides Celeno
Jamides
26, $_, 2a, 9

....
,

Kinkurka

9,

$.

Nacaduba

,

36,

(J

.

Nacaduba

,

....
,

9

64

(J

.

Nacaduba

.

.....

279
89

•

1

.

....

,

91

92

.

Stygianus

65

Plate 661.

.....
.....

93

,

.

,

1,

66

Bread,
Brood).

,

3a, 36, 9
4a,

Uhutea

,

3c,


^

.....
46,

(J

,

4t

9

.

Nacaduba

3d,

,

94

{Wet-season
9 (Dry-season

$

Chrysophanus Kasyapa

.

95

68

1,

(J

la,

,

Fig. 2,

69

1&)

(?

•

Chrysophanus

,

2a,

9

26, (J

.

Chrysophanus

.

Chrysophanus

)

Evansi
Fig. 3,

71
72

^

^

3a,

,

Tseng
Fig. 4,

(J

,

4a,

.....
.....
.....

.....

9i

Susanus

9

36,

I

9

>

Fig.

76

Fig.

(J

46,

Plate 663.
74

(J

.

Ic,

97

98
98

Heliophorus

....

phorus Brahma
2,
9, 26,
(J, 2a,

1,

Nacaduba

.

,

9

,

$

3c,

93

Chrysophanus

.

,

Nacaduba

.

Pavana

,

Chrysophanus

$, la, 16, 9Pavana
Fig. 2, i ,2a, 9 26, $
Aditya
Fig. 3, i, 3a, 9, 36,

Nacaduba

$, In, 9, 16, $.
Macropthalma
2,
9i, 2a, 26,
Kerriana

1,

,

56,

,

Fig. 1, la, $.
Una Usta (Vol. VII.) .
Fig. 2, 2a, (J
Plebeius Jermyni, nov.
Fig. 3, $ 3a, 9
Chrysophanus
36, 9
Phlseas
Fig. 4, $ 4a, 9
Chrysophanus Timeus
Fig5a,
Chrysophanus
5,
9
(J

Sena

,

Nacaduba

.

(J

86

$, 5a,

Plate 657.


46,

,

Plate 660.

Fig.

.

(J

26,

Viola

.

$ Id,
Jamides Elpis
Jamides
Fig. 2, $, 2a, 9, 26,
$.
Kondulana
Jamides Kankena
3na
Fig. 3, 3a, (J

Fig. 4,

Nacaduba

85
9

,

9- {Wet-season Brood),
\e, 9 {Dry-season Brood).

(J, la, 16,

\c,

3,

9

4a,

(J,

Plate 662.

Fig.

$.

84

3a,

(J,

,

63

Plate 656.

Fig.

16,

82

$, 2a,
Noreia

.

la,

(J,

...

Fig.

82

61

9 {Wet-season Brood),

,

1,

80

Nacaduba

.

Ancyra

Fig.

Fig.

$

46,

,

$,\a, 9,

1,

60

Plate 655.

Fig. 2,

4rt,

,

,

(J

.

1,

(J

Nora

Jamides

.

9 {Dry-season Brood).
Jamides Conferenda
3c,

Fig.

larva

78
79

Plate 659.
55

Jamides

^.

16,

9,

Subdita
3,

Nacaduba

Plumbeomicans

\a,

,

Fig.


Ccelestis

Jamides
9, 16, (J.
Nicobaricus
Fig. 2,
Jamides

i, 2a, 9, 26, Coruscans
Fig. 3, (J 3a, 36, 9
Jamides Lacteata
Fig. 4, (J 4a, 46, 9
Jamides Cserulea

$,

1,

•Fig.

16,

9 (Dry-season Brood),
and pupa.
Nacaduba

Sd,

,

(J

Atrata
Fig.

653.

Fig.

Fig.

52
63

Lycsenesthes

$.

26,

3c,

3e,

Lycfenesthes

$.

16,

Lycivnina
Fig.

Niphanda Marcia

.

(J

,

49

Niphanda

$.

36,

9,

Dana

Fig. 2, 2a, (J
Nacaduba Hampsoni
Fig. 3,
,

Fig.

.....
.....

la,

^,

1,

48

9.

100

Helio

{Wet-season
Brood), 2c, i 2d, 9 {Dry-season
Heliophorus Epicles
Brood).

102

^

,

76
Fig. 3,

3a,

9, 36,
Viridipunctata

....
(J.

103

HeKophorus
104


BESCBIPTION OF PLATES.
Plate 671.

Plate 664.
Fig.

1,

Brood),
Brood).
Fig.

Ic,

(Wel-season
(Dry-season

^

1&,

Id,

?
Heliophorus

2a,

i,

2,

9,

la,

(J,

(J,

?,

£

26,

Tamu
2c,

,

.

Fig.

105

,

Fig.

2,

9,

Amei'ia

.

.107

.

Cyaniriodes Libna
.
Fig. 1, la, 9
Poritia HewitFig. 2, ^ 2a, ? , 26, ^
soni
Poritia EryciFig. 3,

la, 16, 9

^,

1,

.....

109

Fig. 2,

.

110

Kg.

9,

Poritia

$.

46,

113

.

9

,

9

,

stanceae
3,

(J

.

141

.

.

36,
.

.

.143

Arhopala Con-

26, (J
.

3a,

,

taurus

.112

.

.

.

4a,

Sumatrse

139

Mahathala

(J.

Thaduca Multicau-

.

.

2a,

,

(J

.

i,

4,

36,

Plate 672.
data

noides

Apporasa Atkin-

.

.....

3a,

(J,

106

Fig.

,

Amblypodia


137

soni

Fig. 3,

Plate 665.
.

16,

.

,

phorus Androcles

Fig.

9,

2a, 26, ?

,


(Wet-

?

season Brood), 2d, $ 2e, 9 (-Dryseason Brood). Heliophorus Moorei
Helio3a, ? 36, ^ , 3c, ?

la,

(J,

Anita

,

Fig. 3,

1,

.

.

.

.146

Arhopala Cen.

.

.

.147

Plate 673.
Fig.

1,

la,

(J,

3-

l^j

9)

Arhopala

149
9 26, ^ 2c, larva and
149
pupa. Arhopala Coruscans.
Fig. 3, (J
3a, 9 36, ^
3c, larva and
pupa. Arhopala Amaates
.150
Pirithous

Plate
Kg.

666.
1,

(J, la,

9,

$,lc, 9.

16,

Fig. 2,

Poritia

2a,

,

(J

,

.

114

Geta

,

Fig. 2,

2a,

,

(J

tica

Fig. 3,

,


9

$

26,

,

3a,

9

Poritia Phraa-

.

.

.

.

9

Zc,

,

Simis-

.

.

•

.

.115

.

.

$

36,

,

kina Pediada

.117

1,

Fig. 2,

la, 9
(J
Phalena

^

2a,

,

16, (J, Ic,

,

,

.

9

.

Simiskina
.

.

.

9

,

26,

$,2c, 9

9

,

36,

$,Zc, 9

.118

,?

3a,

,

Fig. 2,
Fig. 3,

Fig. 4,

la,

9,

Jasoda
2a, $.
,J

,

3a,

$

,

4a,

.

.

.

Cyaniriodes Libna

9 36,
Quercetorum
,

9


,

3c,

9

.

.

9

1,
la,

,

9

16,

,

Amisena

Fig.

2,
2a,

,

9

(J

.

,

,

Ic,

.

^

,

.

.127

Surendra

2c,

9

.

$

3a,

,

9

$,

36,

3c,

9)

1^1

^

26,

,

cJ-

.

.

.

Arhopala
.

.152

Arhopala Agnis

.

Arhopala Apba

.

.

152
154

(J

,

9

3a,

26,

,

9

J

Arhopala Anthelus
Arhopala Camdeo
^ Arhopala Anarte

9

la, 16,
2a,

,


36,

.

.

155
56
157
1

Plate 676.
Fig.

I,

(?,

la,

9i

16>

Eumolphus
Fig.

2,

Kg.

3,

^

,

2a,

Maxwelli
(J

,

.

9

26,

9

36,

.

3a,

Arhopala

(?•

.

.

.158

Arhopala

^
.

.

Hellenore

Surendra

Fig.

.

.160

Arhopala


.

Fig.

9 (Wet-season

.

.

.161

(J

,

la,

9)

^^i

2,


,

2a,

(?

•

.

9

.

^

26,

,

Arhopala
.

.161

Arhopala

.

Nicevillei

Fig.

Brood), 3d, ^ (Dry-season Brood),
Iraota
and pupa.
larva
3e,

1,

Silhetensis

130
,

la,

Plate 677.

.129

Florimel
Fig. 3,

(J,
(J

128

Surendra
.

.

.

26,

9

(J,

Fig. 2,
,
Fig. 3, 3a, (J.

109

Plate 669.
Fig.

1,

Fig. 1,
Fig. 2,
Fig. 3,

.124

.....

Discalis

4c,

,

(J

Fig.

122

Surendra

.

.

.

46,

,

Plate 674.

Plate 675.

Zarona

$,\c, 9.

16,

.

.

120
Simiskina

.

Potina

Plate 668.
Fig. 1, ^,

,

Simiskina

.

Phalia
Fig. 3,

1

Amatrix
^ 2a, 9

Plate 667.
Fig.

,

3,

(J

,

3a,

Arhopala Agaba
Arhopala Zambra, nov.

9

,

Fig. 4, 4a, (J.

36,

(J

.

.

163
164
165

132

Timoleon

Plate 678.
Fig.
Fig.

1,
134

.136

Fig.

3,

Plate 670.
Fig.
Fig.

1,

2,

(J
(J

la,

,

,

9

,

2a, 26,

^

16,

9

>

•

2c,

Iraota Rochana
larva and pupa.

Amblypodia Narada
Amblypodia Taooana
3a, (J.
.

Fig. 3,

.

.

2,

,

la,

9

,

16)

3

2a,

(J,

•

26,

Arhopala Bazalus

Arhopala
9.

167

Singla

137

(?,

166

3a,

Antura,

9,

nov.

36,
.


.

.

Arhopala
.

.168


DESCBIPTION OF PLATES.
Plate 688.

Plate 679.
Fig. 1, ^ ,la, 9,16,
Fig. 2, i, 2a, 9, 26,

Arhopala Selta
Arhopala Aroa
(J.
^ 3a, 36, $. Arhopala Canaraica
4a, (J.
Arhopala Mindanensis

Fig. 3,
Fig. 4,

.

(J

,

.

169
170

Fig.

171

Fig. 2,
Fig. 3,

172

2a,


Arhopala Rafflesii
Arhopala
26,

?.
9,

(J, la, 16,

....

Bazaloides

Fig. 3,

(J

.

3a,

,

9

36,

.

(J

Arhopala Alemon

.

173

Fig.

2,

174
175

.

la,

i,

9

Fig.

2,

Fig.

3,


.

.

.

9

Areste

^, 3a,

AnnieUa

Fig.

1,

.

Fig.

2,

^, la,
Epimuta
2a,

(J,

,

9,

Plate 690.

.

J

....

1^1

26,


36,

^.

9,

16,

9,

26,

.179
.180

Arhopala Opalina
Fig. 1, lo, (J.
Arhopala Aicia
.
Fig. 2, 2a, (J.
Arhopala
Fig. 3, (J, 3a, 9, 36, $.
Basiviridis
.

.

.

Fig.

4,

(J

4a,

,

9

46,

1

.

(J

.

.181

(J

9

Fig.
Fig.

la,

1,

2,

Arhopala Duesse
Arhopala
9, 26, .

(J.

2a,

,J,

Fig.
Fig.

(J, la, 16,

1,

^

2,

,

9- Arhopala Subfasciata
Arhopala Albo9

2a, 26,

punctata

Fig.

3,

Fig.

4,

S,

.

.

.

noi\

.

211

3a,

9,

36,

^

Arhopala

.

.

.

.

,

185

.186

Plate 684.

Fig. 1, ^,la, 9j1&i (?• Arhopala Adorea
Arhopala Atosia
Fig. 2, ^ 2a, 9 26, ^
Fig. 3, ^, 3a, 9,36, (J. Arhopala .^dias

9,

46,

3

Arhopala

187
188
189

Fig.

1,

.

.

Fig.

191
191

Fig.

(?i

l«j

9)

1^1

(?i

Icj

larva,

193
Arhopala Rama
.
Arhopala Dodousea 194
Fig. 2, ^ 2a, 26, 9
Arhopala Comica
.195
Fig. 3,3a, 9pujia.

1,

la,

(J,

$

2,

,

2a,

^,

3,

1,

9,

9

....

16,

26,
3o,

9,

.

la,


Fig.

2,

Fig.

3,

(J,

36,

3a,

^)

1«>

9

1

Itj

3-

Arhopala
196

Diardi

^, 2a,
Fulgida

2,

i,

Asoka

3a,

9,

26,

i.

Arhopala

Plate 695.
Fig.

1,

9,

36,

(J.

Arhopala
199

(J

,

la,

9

,

guva

198
Fig. 2,
Fig. 3,

(J

,

(J

,

9,

26,


Arhopala

9,

36,

^.

Arhopala

16,

2a, 26, 9
3a, 9 36,
,

(J

•

.

218

219

220
221

Arhopala Toun-

Arhopala Asopia
Arhopala .^eta
^
.

.

217
218

Arhopala

.....
.....
.....

2a,

Adala

Plate 687.

Arhopala Fulla
Arhopala
^.

$.

213
215
215
216

Arhopala

....

16,

9,

Perissa
(J,

.

^.

.....

,

Agelastus

.

3,

•

,

.

,

Arhopala
.

Arvina

Fig.

Id,

^.

.

Plate 694.

Plate 686.

Fia.

....

16,

Plate 693.

.190

•

,

Fig.

9,

Arhopala Roona
(J
Arhopala Zeta
3a, 9
Arhopala Perimuta
4a,
46,
9
(J

2a,

2,

Fig. 3,
Fig. 4,

Fig.

.

Ij

la,

(J,

Andamanica

Arhopala Khamti
Fig. 1, la, ^
Arhopala (Enea
Fig. 2, ,J,2a, 26, 9.
3a, 36, 9
Arhopala Abseus
Fig. 3,

Fig.

213

Paramuta

Plate 685.

1.

212

Plate 692.

Fig.

Fig.

4a,

Metamuta

183

.184

Arhopala Alesia
Arhopala
£.

.

,

,


210

.

Fig. 3, ^ 3a, 9 , 36, Fig. 4, $, 4a,
9, 46,

Dama,

208
209

.

Hypomuta
Plate 683.

207

Arhopala

g.

Artegal

182

206

Arhopala

(J.

Arhopala Moolaiana

•

205

Arhopala

Plate 691.

Arhopala

Mirabella

3a, 36,

,

204

Arhopala

.

....

Antimuta
Fig. 3,

Plate 682.

200
202
203

Arhopala


.....
.....
.....

2a,

,

•

2a,

(J,

.

Fig. 3,
Fig. 4,

.

Chinensis

Arhopala Atrax 176
9j1^! (?
Arhopala
9, 26, (J.
Hewitsoni
.177
3a, (J.
Arhopala Agrata
178
Arhopala Alea
4a, ^.
.179
(J, la,

1,

,

1,

Plate 681.
Fig.
Fig.

,J, la, 16, 9j Ic, larva and pupa.
Arhopala Apidanus
Arhopala Adriana
^ 2a, 26, 9
3a, ^
Arhopala Belphoebe

Plate 689.

Plate 680.
Fig. 1,
Fig. 2,

1,

223
223
224


DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
Plate
Fig.

IX

Plate 702.

COG.
1, (J, la,

9,

Ai-hopala Ober-

1^, (J-

thiiri

Arhopala Ganesa
Arhopala Aberrans
Arhopala Bir(J

Fig. 2, ^ 2rt, 26, 9
Fig. 3, ^ 3«, 36, 9
Fig. 4, (J 4a, 9
46,
.

,

.

.

.....

,

,

,

mana

Fig.

225
226
228

1,

la,

(J,

9,

Fig.

2,

259

2a,

(J,

229

9,

Euralis

^.

26,

Dohertyi
Fig. 3, ^ 3a, 9 36, ^
Ruralis
Fig. 4, 4a, ij

Ruralis Icana

.

,

,

.

Neolyc^na

^.

16,

Sinensis

Khasia

.

.

.

261
262
264

Plate 697.
Fig.
Fig.

Arhopala Ammonides
Arhopala Paraga9

la, (J,

1,

^

2,

.

2(1,

,

26,

nesa
Fig. 3,

3a, 36, 9
retta
Fig. 4, (J 4a, 9 46,
,

.

.

.

,

230

.231

Arhopala Zephy-

•

Arhopala Ariel

.

(J

)

.

232
233

Plate 698.
Fig.

(J, la,

1,

9)

1^> (?)

I'^i ^rtrua

^''j

Curetis Thetys
Curetis
2a, 9, 26,
pupa.
Fig.

2,

Fig. 3,

Plate


.

mata
^ 3o, 9
,

$

36,

,

and
Stig-

Curetis Gloriosa

.

la,

,

,

244

^

1,

2,

Fig.

3,

la,

,

9

.

Curetis Deutata
Curetis

S

16,

,

2a,


(J,

9,

Fig.

2,

?,

1&, (J,

1'^!

^d, larva

.

,

.

.

.

.

.

.

,

265
266
267

and

Ruralis Birupa
Ruralis Letha
Fig. 2, 2a, $
Ruralis Zoa
Fig. 3,3a, ^.
Ruralis Ziha
Fig. 4, (J 4a, 9 46, i

Fig.

269
270

.271
.

272


1,

^

.

3a,

9,

.

36,

(J.

.

9, 16, $
9 26, ^
,

Brassolis

^,

9,

16,

9,

26,

.

.

2a,

Sassanides
Fig. 3, ^ 3a, 9
4a,
Fig. 4, ^
,

,

Leechi

,

(J.
.

^.

Fig. 4, 4a,

.

273

.

36,

.

Liphyra

9,

.

.

Fig.

.251

,

$.

Chsetoprocta

Listeria Dudgeonii

(J

1,

la,

larva

,

2,

2a,

larva

Quercetorum

and pupa.

279
282

Anita

257

Fig.

257

Fig. 5, larva.

4,

4a,

larva

Coruscans

.

Iraota

....
....

and pnpa.

Fig. 3, 3a, larva and pupa.

.254

.....
9

36,

Plate 705a.

Fig.

Strymon

Callophrys Rubi
Callophrys
46,

Mili-

.247

Curetis

.

Euaspa

Odata

245

247

Itt,

.

277
3a,

Timoleon
(J,

Ruralis Pavo

.

2a,

,

onia

701.
1,

la,

.

.

,

Plate 704.
Pig- 1) ^1

244

26,

Malayica
Fig.

,

Fig. 3, $,

Angulata

Plate

(J

Fig. 2,

,

Plate 700.
Fig.

Ruralis Ataxus
Ruralis Duma
Ruralis Syla

,

Plate 705.

9, 16, (J. Curetis Saronis
2a, 9 26, $ {bulis form), 3, 3a, 36, 9 {dlscalis form)

^,

.

Fig.

^

2a,

,

.

242
243

699.

Fig. 1,
Fig. 2,

9il^. (?•
9 26, ^
3a, 9 36, (J

(J, la,

1,

Fig. 2,
Fig. 3,

pupa.

239

.

Plate 703.
Fig.

.

285

Surendra

285

AmblypoJia

and pupa.

286

Arhopala

Arhopala Amantes

.

.

286
287



LEPIDOPTEEA INDICA.

Sub-Family
Eyes naked, colouring on the upper
brown

in

the genera

all

:

or purple, some few dark
and shining, venation and general structure very similar
the margins of the wings invariably entire the hind wings are

many

or pale

LYCiENIN^.

side generally blue

metallic

;

;

tailless.

Genitalia.

and there

—^doeagus very wide at

the proximal end, so that

heart-shaped,

it is

a good armature of cornuti (Chapman).

is

Genus PHENGARIS.
Phengaris, Doherty, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1891, p. 36.

Imago.

— Eyes

smooth

;

this

splendid

Oberthiir, deserves to be placed in a separate

Chinese butterfly,

Lycsena

atroguttata,

genus or sub-genus, distinguished from

Lycsena by the upper discoidal vein of the hindwing being short, and angled outwardly,
the lower discocellular meeting the median vein opposite its second forking.

This butterfly

is

certainly the finest of the sub-family, unless the

Cyaniris be excepted.

I

was not able to detect any odour about

air of a protected species.

Naga

Hills,

1

often saw

from 6,000 to 8,000

it in

the

feet elevation,

meadows

it,

its rarity.
is

seems

somewhat

.similarly

has

all

the

Kutcha Naga country,
flying very slowly and visible from a

of its markings, round black spots on a pure white ground,

to live at a

it

of the

great distance, so that I caught a good number, in spite of

hard to avoid thinking

Danis group of

but

The character

very remarkable.

It is

Tnjuria maculata, Hew., a mimic of this species, though

lower elevation and further to the westward.

marked, and

is

Taraka hamada

it
is

obviously protected.

have taken the name Phengaris, which means a daughter of the moon, from the
modern Greek (Doherty, I.e.).
I

Type, atroguttata, Oberthiir.
Dr.

Chapman informs

us that the genitalia of Phengaris show characters closely

allied to those of typical Lycsena.

VOL. VIII.

B


LEPIDOPTEBA INDICA.

2

PHENGARIS ATROGUTTATA.
Plate 640,

figs. 1,

Lycsena airoguttata, Oberthur, Etud. d'Entom.


ii.

,

la,

9

,

lb,

?

.

p. 21, pi. 1, fig.

a,

4r,

b (1876).

Phengaris airoguttata, Doherty, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1891, p. 36, Leech, Butt, of China,

aad Corea,

ii.

p.

317 (1892).

Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist.

Phengaris airoguttata, var. alhida. Leech,

Imago.

—Male.

I.e. pi.

28,

fig. 5,

Japan,

Soc. 1897, p. 659.

$

Upperside very pale blue with a metallic sheen in certain

lights,

the basal and costal portions of the forewing and the basal and abdominal portions of
the

hiudwing suffused with darker blue, darkest at the base and gradually paling

outwards.

Forewing with a large black spot at the end of the

cell,

two beyond

the marginal band, one above the other, a third black spot beneath
inwards, a small black dot below that and more inwards

band, well defined, which abruptly stops a

mark on vein

Hindwing with a

2.

still

below vein

little

3,

thin, suffused blackish,

it

near

them and more

a broad black marginal

;

and has below

it

a black

marginal band, containing

suffused black markings in the interspaces, the black spots of the underside showing

through the wing.
large

;

Underside white.

Foreioing with

a transverse spot in the middle of the

cell,

end, a whorl of spots in the upper disc beyond,

costa, a

side

twin spot below and

a little outside, a

and a small spot again below and

still

all

the markings jet black and

a larger nearly round spot at the

commencing with a twin spot on the

round spot again below and on the inner

farther inwards, a sub-terminal

spots from the costa to interspace l,an anteciliary

row

of short

row of square

somewhat lunular marks

stopping in the same interspace, and a marginal series of smaller and somewhat triangular

Hindwing with three

spots stopping in the next lower interspace.

large spots on the

costa and three bands of large spots across the wing, the first consisting of five, the

second and third of seven each, and an anteciliary row, the spots becoming larger

hind wards.

Upperside like the male, but there

Female.

is

an extra spot inside the

cell,

three

and a small spot straight below the hindermost large
spot instead of being well on the inner portion of the wing as in the male the
marginal black band is also broader and is somewhat suffused on its inner side.

sub-apical spots instead of two,

;

liindicing with

all

the spots of the underside showing

marginal band broader.

more

distinctly

and the outer

Underside similar to the male, except for the position of the

small spot being directly below the large lowest one, instead of being on
side.

Cilia of

its

inner

both sexes white.

Antennte black, club whitish beneath
beneath.

Expanse of wings, ^

?,

2 inches.

;

head and body black above, whitish


LYG^NIN^.

—Naga
Distribution. — The

Habitat.

W. China

Hills,

Western China.

type came from Moupin

Doherty procured

;

the same locality.

it

from the Naga

Watson records

it

Hills,

from the Chin

it

is

commonly

and

it

is

;

distributed in

from

in our collection

Hills.

Genus SCOLITANTIDES.

H

Scolitantides,

bner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 68 (1816).

Lycaena, de Niceville (part), Butt,

iii.

p.

B.M.

Butler, Cat. Fabr. Lep.

Bingham, Fauna

66 (1890).

p.

167 (1869).

of Brit. India, Butt.

ii.

334 (1907).

p.

Has

of India,

a peculiar type of coloration, the fringe of the wings being alternated with

black and white, and the spots of the underside large and black

venation as in

;

Lyceena.

Genitalia.
short,

— Harpagones or clasps not

downwards.

very broad, exceptionally

;

so,

and

Tegumen highly

Cingula or girdle deeply bent over the harpagones.

excised in front apex, raised

high saddle at the back, the whole tegumen

a

into

extended right beyond the harpagones.

two

Plebeid

suddenly excavated from the lower apical half and extended into a long point

much

Falces or hooks

broad, exceptionally short, being only about twice

its

reduced, being merely

Furca long, waved

slightly curved points in the rear of the tegumen.

;

sedoeagus

own width (Bethune-Baker).

Type, orion, Pallas.

SCOLITANTIDES BATON.

Plate 640,
Papilio baton, Bergstrasser, Nomencl.

ii.

figs. 2,

^

,

p. 18, vol.

Lycsena baton, Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881,

p. 889.

2a,
iii.

?

,

2b,

$.

pi. 9, figs.

6 to 8 (1779).

Lang, Butt, of Europe,

p. 109, pi. 24, fig. 2,

^ ^

(1884).

Papilio hylastor, Bergstrasser, Nomencl.

ii.

pi. 47, figs. 7,

Polyommatus vicrama, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865,
Scolitantides cashnirensis,

Moore,

Lycsena hylas, de Niceville (nee

Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1893,

Imago.
line at the

— Male.

end of the

I.e.

1874, p. 272.

pi. 31, fig. 6,

Butt, of India,

673.

Bingham, Fauna

iii.

•

p.

84 (1890).

Leslie

of Brit. India, Butt.

ii.

and Evans, Journ.

p.

351 (1907).

Upperside greyish-blue, both wings with a slender lunular black
cell,

and black marginal

line

with a

a series of sub-terminal blackish spots on the hindwing,

white line close to the marginal
ends.

9

Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 408.

SchifF.),

p.

8 (1779).

p. 505,

line.

Cilia white,

little

inner blackish suffusion,

and indications of a very slender

with blackish spots opposite the vein

Underside grey, with a slight bluish tinge with a few blue scales at the base,

markings black, prominent.

Forewing with a spot inside the

mark

a

at the end of the

cell,

discal series

of seven spots,

cell,

a short lunular

much curved outwards
B 2


LEPIDOPTEBA INDICA.

4

above the middle, the two upper spots small, the second spot from the lower end
well

on a

lowest spot outside

inwards, the

series of spots, a black

line

the

third,

sub-terminal

a

marginal line and between them a row of short brown linear

Ilindwing with four sub-basal spots in an outwardly curved row, a lunule at the

marks.

end of the

cell,

a discal series of eight spots, the upper one near the apex of the wing,

the next well inwards being the

commencement

row of

of an outwardly highly curved

second from the lower end well outwards, and a costal spot between the

five spots, the

upper spot and the sub-basal spot
orange-ochreous between them

;

a sub-terminal double series of short lunules with

;

a black marginal line.

some examples the black spots are "encircled with pale

Cilia as

on the upperside

;

in

whitish.

Upperside purplish-brown, with some blue-grey basal irrorations, the

Female.
lunular

with

mark

end of the

at the

cell

obscure,

some sub-terminal obscure blackish spots

with narrow, paler surroundings, mostly obsolete on the forewing, faintly indicated on
the hindwing, not visible on either wing in some examples.
the spots in

white

;

it

abdomen

Underside as in the male.

are brown.

top of head white

;

Cilia as in the male,

AntennsB black, ringed with

some white marks on the front of the thorax

;

thorax and

blackish above, with greyish-blue pubescence, white beneath.

Expanse of wings,
Habitat.

,?

?

1^ inches.

— N.W. Himalayas, Central and South-Eastern Europe, Afghanistan.
— Leslie and Evans record from Chitral, Butler from Kandahar,

Distribution.

it

de Niceville from Ladak, Kashmir, Lahoul, Kunawur, Bingham from Beluchistan
ill

but

;

it is

our collection also from Kulu and Kashmir.

ALLIED CHINESE AND JAPANESE SPECIES.
Scolitantides orion, Papilio orion, Pallas,
p.

Reise,

i.

p.

Leech, Butt, of China,

471 (1771).

etc.

ii.

Habitat, Corea, Pekin, Central Europe, Asia Minor, South Siberia, and the

309 (1892).

Amur.
Scolitantides lantij,

LyciBna lanty, Oberthiir,

llltud.

d'Ent. xi. p. 21,

pi. 7, fig.

53 (1886).

Habitat,

Chinese Thibet.

LYC^NA.

Genus
Lycaena, Fabricius,

111.

Bingham, Fauna

Mag.

vi. p.

285 (1807).

of Brit. India, Butt.

ii.

p.

de Niceville (part), Butt, of India,

Forewing with vein 6 from upper end of

cell,

9 out of 7, the bases of 6

separated, 8 absent, 5 from the middle of discocellulars, 10
suli-costal vein,

12 at apex bent slightly towards 11.

separated at base, 3 from a

little

iii.

p.

66 (1890).

334 (1907).

and 11 from

and 7 well

apical half of

Ilmchvhiij with 3 and 4 distinctly

before the end of the

cell,

4 from the end, 7 from


LYC^NIN^.
half of sub-costal, 8

apical

costal

to

close

Antennae half as long as the costa of forewing, club well

margin.

marked, oval, pointed at

strongly arched at base, then straight to apex, running

tip,

palpi sub-porrect, with short
stiff hairs in front,

third joint

moderately long, legs slender,

and

tibiae

foreleg

of

tarsi

tapered, the latter long, ex-

foreleg

beneath,

spined

articulate,

normal,

female

of

with minute claws.

Genitalia

with the clasp more or

quadrangular on

less

side view,

with a strong spine from the
dorsal angle parallel with the
distal

margin

cornuti

the

;

are small and numerous.

Type, avion, Linnaeus.

According to Tutt,

Photo

Lycana

of genitalia of

arion, Linnaeus.

all

the species of this genus that follow belong to Scudder's genus Glaucopsyclie, Syst.

33 (1872), type, lygdamus, Doubleday, from America, which Tutt
separates from Lyccena, but the general structure is the same, and Dr. Chapman

Am.

Eev.

Butt.

p.

informs us that the genitalia are congeneric.

LYCJINA YOUNGHUSBANDI.
Plate 640,

figs. 3,


,

3a,

?

,

3b,

$

.

Lycsena younghusbandi, Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1906, p. 484, pi. 36,
Brit. India, Butt.

Imago.

—Male.

with plumbeous
at the

band.

mark

p.

10, (J.

of

338 (1907).

Upperside, dark brownish-black, with a satiny sheen and tinted

cell

Underside.

of the forewing.

Cilia

snow white, with

a basal ochreous-grey

Forewing brownish-grey, spots black, with whitish edges

end of the

cell,

and a

discal

even row of

six spots, the

curved, the lowest spot oblique, formed of two joined together
indistinct double

Bingham, Fauna

marginal lines black and slender, an indistinct slender linear mark

;

end of the
at the

ii.

fig.

row of grey lunular marks

;

;

a linear

row slightly outwardly
;

terminal line brown.

a sub-terminal, very

Hindwing with

all

the inner portion glistening green, leaving a fairly even terminal band of brownishgrey, veins in the green portion grey,

terminal line, and

cilia

some glistening green sub-terminal

of both wings grey.

spots, grey


LEPIDOPTEEA INDICA.

6

Female, like the male above and below, the sub-terminal markings on the underside

more prominent.
a))ove,

Antennae black, ringed with white, head and body brownish-black

white beneath.

Expanse of wings, $ ? 1-^
Habitat.

— Thibet.
—Eecorded

Distribution.

in the B. M., a fine series of

inches.

by Bingham from Sikkim, Chumbi Valley, and Phari

both sexes (including the types) from Gyantze, Thibet.

LTCJINA FELICIS.
Plate 641,
Lycsena
p.

felicis,

^,

figs. 1,

Oberthiir, Etud. d'Ent. xi. p. 21,

la,

?, lb,

pi. 7, fig.

(J.

52 (1886).

Leech, Butt, of China,

etc.

ii.

307. (1892).

Imago.

—Male.

Upperside dark blackish-brown with a chocolate

tint, five

deep

hlack sub-terminal, triangular spots on the hindwing, from the anal angle upwards,

each outwardly edged with metallic blue-green scales, and inwardly with dark orange

angulated lunules, the upper and lowest spot small.

deep black, ringed with white

round

six nearly

geminate

;

inwards at

spots, slightly curving

a sub-terminal series of

;

Forewing grey, spots

Underside.

a lunular spot at the end of the

more

cell,

a discal series of

upper end, the lowest spot

its

or less lunular spots decreasing in size

paling in colour upwards, a very fine brown terminal line, and between

grey lunular marks on a whitish ground.

Hindwing pale

and

them some

blue-green, becoming pale

outwards, the terminal border more or less grey like the colour of the forewing, a black,
lunular line on a pale ground at the end of the

fine,

half brown, the outer half white

with white.

;

on the underside

Cilia above,

cell.

it

is

grey.

Antennae black, ringed

Palpi black above, white beneath, with black and white rather long hairs

frons blackish-brown, with a white streak on each side, head
aliove,

with the inner

;

and body blackish-brown

white beneath.

Very near Younghushandi, but the markings on the underside of the forewings
differ somewhat, and the wings are broader and shorter.
Female, like the male.

Expanse of wings, $ ^ lyV
Habitat. Thibet.

inches.

—

Distribution.

— In the B. M. from Gyantze, How-kow and other parts of Thibet.
LYCiENA OMPHISA.
Plate 641,

Polyommatus

ompliisa,

figs. 2,

347,

2a,

,

Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874,

Lycsena omjihisa, de Niceville, Butt of India,
p.


pi. 19, fig.

131 (1907).

iii.

p.

p.

?

,

2b,

^

.

fig. 2, ^
Bingham, Fauna

573, pi. 66,

84 (1890).

.

of

Brit.

India,

ii.

LYC2EmNM.

—Male.

Imago.

Upperside blackish-brown,

7

all

the interior portion of both wings

thickly covered with metallic blue scales which in some lights look purple-blue and in
others purple-green, leaving the borders as

if

with broad even blackish bands, the

Under-

extent of the blue scaling, however, varies somewhat in different specimens.

Forewing dark brownish-grey, darker on the outer marginal portion

side.

lunule edged with white at the end of the

cell,

an even

a black

;

discal series of six black spots

edged with white, the lowest geminate, the three upper ones curving inwards below
the costa, some obscure white angular marks on the outer margin

wing

Hlndwing blue-green, darker towards

thickly suffused with blue scales.

a white lunule at the end of the

;

;

veins rather prominent.

Upperside dark purple-brown without any markings

a slender black

;

marginal line to both wings and a black costal line on the forewing.

Forewing

the base

four white spots in an even curve in the middle of

cell,

the disc, and a fifth white spot on the middle of the costa

Female.

the base of the

;

Underside.

with pale chestnut-brown, the outer margin with large pale white

suflFused

at the base.

making a rather broad whitish marginal band, some blue suffusion
Hindwing dull pale blue-green with some pale greyish suffusion on the

costal parts;

markings on both wings as in the male.

spots joined together,

ringed with white

Antennpe black,

Cilia white.

head and body black above with some blue pubescence, below

;

white.

Expanse of wings, $ 1^, $

1 j-%

inches.

—N.W. Himalayas.

Distribution. — Eecorded from
Habitat.

collection

Chitral,

Lahoul and Ladak

;

and

it

is

in

our

from Dras,

LYCJINA METALLICA.
Plate 041,

figs. 3,

Lycsena metallica, Felder, Reise, Nov. Lep.
Zool. Soc. 1882, p. 247.

Lycsena galathea,

Bingham

Imago.— Male.
before the

cilia,

ii.

p.

at the

apex

spot.

pi.

(part),

Fauna

;

3b,

,

35,

?

figs.

iii.

of Brit. India, Butt.

p.
ii.

.

7,8,

(J

,

9,

9 (1865).

Moore, Proc.

83 (1890).

p.

348 (1907).

Upperside, both wings dilute violaceous-cyaneous, a whitish striga

outwardly powdered with fuscous.

external margin fuscous.

and

283,

?

de Niceville, Butt, of ladia,

and the margin increasingly hindward.

rounded

(J, 3a,

Underside.

Forewing with the

Hindwing with the

costal

border and the

Forewing very pale hoary-brownish at the base

the hindwing entirely metallic bluish-greenish.

Hindwing with a

tips of the veins

litura

on the

discocellulars,

Forewing with a

and a bent

rounded spots beyond the disc whitish, broader in the forewing and

in the

fascia of

hindwing

joined to a fuscous shadow (Felder).

Female.

Upperside brown.

Forewing with the basal two-thirds.

Hindwing with


LEPIBOPTEEA INDICA.

8

the interior area with blue iridescent scales, three sub-terminal square spots (now faded)
orano;e-ochreous above the hinder auQ;le of the forewino; and a series of similar sub-

upwards.

terminal spots on the hindwing, decreasing in size

Forewing grey, shining, some blue-green

Underside.

white.

narrow spot at the end of the

cell,

and seven

in a transverse

row

wings

of both

Cilia

scales at the base

;

a

in the disc, all whitish

Hindicing green, almost emerald green, veins and outer margin

with brown centres.

speckled with brownish (apparently because the green scales are rubbed off them), a

white lunular spot at the end of the

and

cell

Antennse black, ringed with white

white spots.

row of large round,

a discal, evenly curved

head and body blackish-brown above,

;

grey beneath.

Expanse of wings,
Habitat.

The

—Ladak.

description

and

figures of the

the type being lost

figures,

vivid

? lyo iJiches.

,?

male are taken from Felder's description and

the blue colour of the upperside

;

the description and figures of the female are taken from the actual type-specimen

;

kindly lent from the Tring

and not a male
figures 7

and

8

Museum

;

the type-specimen

sinking

by de Niceville. There can be no doubt that Felder's
represent the male and his figure 9 represents the female, though the

9 to omjyhisa,

and

figs.

7

is

is,

as it

and

is

in the male figure,

brown with blue

really

Bingham altogether

represent in a colom-ed figure.

fig.

by Felder,

as supposed

too vivid, the colour of this female

diflicult to

a female as stated

is

blue coloration of the interior of the wings of this figure

much

undoubtedly too

is

misidentified the species,

He

8 to galathea.

very

iridescence,

never could have seen

Felder's type.

LYCiENA NYCULA.
Plate

PoUjommatus

nyciila,

6-11, figs. 4,

Moore, Proc. Zool. See.

(J

,

4a,

?

p.

272,

Imago.
blackish,

from

it

— Male.

p.

Upperside

running in on the veins

p.

iii.

scales at the base of

minute,

$

82 (1890).

Bingham, Fauna

Forewing with

dark violet-blue.

;

cilia

both wings.

it,

cell,

some

lunule at the end of the

and

a discal even

of Brit.

cell,

costal

line

with fine streaks
it,

hardly visible

its

;

Forewing

row of white

above

indistinct angulated whitish

margin which under the lens are blue-tinted.

the

Underside pale brownish-grey.

grey dots, outwardly curved

central,

inwardly curved below

line blackish,

white with a pale grey line in

with a white spot at the end of the
containing

.

348 (1907).

and both wings with the outer marginal

some blue

J

$

pi. 94-,

Lycsena galathea, de Niceville (part). Butt, of India,
ii.

-lb,

186.5, p. 503, pi. 31, fig. 3,

Lyceena nycula, Staudinger, Ex. Schmett. 1888,

India, Butt.

,

spots,

middle and

marks on the outer

Hindwing pale blue-green, a thin white

and a curved row of

five

pale white spots in the disc.


LYC^NIN^.

9

with a sixth white spot in the middle of the costa

marks on the outer margin.

a series of pale white augulated

;

Antennae black, ringed with white

;

head and body

blackish with blue pubescence.

Dark chocolate-brown.

Female.

Fureiuing with four large square subtermiual

orange spots above the hinder angle, sometimes with indications of a

Huuhvhii/

fifth.

with a complete sub-terminal row of similar spots, the second and third the largest,

Underside

decreasing in size upwards.

on the forewing, some brownish

paler, the outer marginal space tinged with pale blue

and the

suffusion on the interior portion of the wing,

more prominent dark central
Expanse of wings, $

$

row of white spots with

discal

Hindu-ing similar to the male.

dots.

lj*o^,

but the colour on both wings

like the male,

ly^^-

inches.

Habitat.— N.W. Himalayas.
Distribution.
The type came from Kunawar, it has been recorded from Simla
aud Tehri Gurhwal. Moore also records it from Kashmir and Narkunda and it is in

—

;

our collection from

Kunawur and

Pangi.

LYCJINA GALATHEA.
Plate 642,

figs. 1,

Lijcxna Galathea, Blanchard, in Jacq. Voy.
Butt, of India,
379.

1898, p.
Butt.

ii.

iii.

82 (1890).

p.

Leslie

and Evans,

$

,

U, ?

,

Iiid. iv. p. 21, pi. 1, figs. 5, 6,

Mackinnon and de
id.

$

lb,

1903,

p.

Bingham

673.

(part).

de Niceville,

(1844).

^

Niceville, Journ.

Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc.

Fauna

of

Brit.

India,

348 (1907).

p.

Poliiommntus gnlntJiea, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874,

p.

271

;

id. Sci.

Res. Second Yark. Miss. Lep.

p. 6 (1879).

Imago.

—Male.

Upperside of a beautiful azure-blue colour.

costal line black, marginal line black with the colour
Cilia

white with a grey line in

it.

Underside.

running

Foreicing with the

in shortly

on the veins.

Forewing grey, pale on the upper

the lower portions smeared with brown in the outer parts of the interspaces

row of

six black spots

;

wing with blue

seventh minute and placed a

iridescence.

green on the basal portion

;

;

base of

;

Hindicing blue-green densely irrorated with darker bluea white lunular line at the end of the

cell,

and

a discal

Antennse black, ringed with

head and body blackish above, covered with blue hairs

Female.

inwards

little

a thin lunular line edged with white at the end of the cell

well-curved row of six pale white spots in regular order.

white

a discal

;

edged with white, the two lowest geminate, the third and fourth

linear, the fifth oblique, the sixth small, the

below the costa

parts,

;

Upperside dark brown, almost blackish-brown.

white below.

Forewing with three

subterminal dark orange spots above the hinder angle, decreasing in size upwards.
VOL. VIII.

c


LEPinOPTEBA INDIOA.

10

with four suLterminal similar spots,

I/ind/t:in
Expanse of wings,
Habitat.

—

Ij^

¥

,?

inches.

N.W. Himalayas.

Distribution.

—Mackinnon

Evans from Chitral
hills

like the underside of the male.

Underside

ausle the largest.

second and third from the anal

tlie

from Mussuri

it

and

Leslie

;

has also been recorded from Pangi, Kashmir, Kulu, and the

it

;

and de Niceville record

north of Simla, and

our collection from Goolmurg.

it is in

ALLIED CHINESE AND JAPANESE SPECIES.

Lycaena li/cormas, Polyommatus lycormas, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. Lond.
scylla, Oberthiir,

Synonym, Lycsena
p.

139,

7 (1887).

pi. 16, fig.

Etud. d'Ent.

22 (1880).

v. p.

i.

p. 21, pi.

ii.

b (1876).

figs. 3, a,

i.

Rom.

Lycsena euphemia, Lycaena euphemius, var. euphemia, Staudinger,

pi. 31, fig. 11,

Rom.

sur Lep.

(1892).

(J

iii.

^

,

5,

5

1-12,

288,

p. 286, pi. 13, figs. 5a, b,

I.e.

p.

9 (1887).

Habitat, Corea.

Leech, Butt, of China,

451.

etc.

ii.

p. 303,

Leech, Butt, of China,

insularis.

etc.

ii.

p.

302,

pi.

31,

Habitat, Yesso Island, Japan.

(1892).

Lycsena barine, Leech,

pp.

iii.

Habitat, Central China.

Lycsena insularis, Lycasna argus, var.
figs. 8,

Habitat, Central China.
sur Lep.

Habitat, Yesso Island, Japan.

(1887).

Grum-Grshimailo, Horse Ross. 1891,

Lycsena segina,

iii.

Habitat, Central Japan.

361 (1875).

p.

Lycsena ciligena, Oberthiir, Etud. d'Ent.

Lycsena divina, Fixsen,

sur Lep.

Habitat, Japan.

Lycsena kazamoto, Druce, Cist. Eut.

pi. 13, fig. 6

57 (1868).

ix. p.

Rom.

Staudlnger,

p. 304, pi. 31, fig. 14,

(J

(1892).

Habitat, Oiwake, Japan.

Sub-Family PLEBEIN^E.
Eyes naked, except

in

the genus

Polyommatus, and in the aberrant genera

Azanus and Orthomiella, colour generally blue or purple

Lycceninse, neuration

as in

similar.

Genitalia.
fellow,

end.

— Clasp

large, tapering to each end, each clasp quite separate

and with the two divisions into which the clasp

The

is

by

a comparatively

narrow and featureless

however, than in Celastriaa [Lycsenojysis)

;

;

attached to the base of this

hook, so articulated as to have considerable freedom of
or less swollen,

with a bend, which
parallel

to

movement

and extends somewhat transversely

may

strip of chitin, less reduced,

each side has a rather long process clothed

with hairs, and of by no means simple structure

more

its

dorsal portion of the armature consists of two lateral portions, connected across

the actual dorsum

is

from

divided only distinct at the very

;

is

a smooth

the base of the hook

to the dorsal process, then

be a right angle, the rest of the hook extends more or

the dorsal process on

its

dorsal side.

It

is

less

the size and form of this


PLEBEINM.
hook and

its

relation

that

the dorsal process

to

11-

afford

the

easiest

characters

to

seize for the sub-division of the Plebeids (Chapman).

Tutt has divided the genus Plehelus into several sub-divisions merely on account
of small differences in the genitalia,

them generic

we

characters,

most of them

from Chapman's notes in Tutt's

differences

them

prefer putting

so small,

impossible to consider

it is

into sections, giving the genitalial

Britt. Lep. x. pp.

Polyom-

156-157 (1907).

matus, however, though practically similar in every other character, has hairy eyes, and
therefore the species of that genus are easily distinguishable

All the species of Edales

and Eachrysops have filamentous

from the other Plebeids, but

;

every other respect Edales

in

all

the above are

and

tails,

is

in that

tailless.

they

differ

a true Plebeid,

and

Euclirysops very nearly related.

Note.
eyes)

is

— Tutt

sub-families."

character

found

says (Britt. Butt.

327) that the character (smooth or hairy

ix. p.

of little importance, and "does not even separate species belonging to different

it,

is

We

have not found

be the case

this to

of great importance as a family character,

almost universally, to

general structure

;

in only

and

;

in the Heterocera the eye
in

the Lycsenidse

two instances

Plebeiuse there are three, Polyommatus,

Azanus and Orthomiella

somewhat aberrant

the other genera are

;

and

whole of the Lycsenidse do we find hairy-

in the

eyed and smooth-eyed genera that have to be put in the same sub-family

true Plebeid, the others

we have

correspond with the characters of the genitalia

;

in the

Polyommatus

;

all

smooth eyed

is
;

a
in

the Hypolycaeninse the hairy and smooth-eyed genera are in about equal numbers, and

form two sections of that sub-family
that

we have yet found, and

;

the remaining sub-families have no exceptions

are as follows

:

SMOOTH EYED.

HAIRY EYED.
'

Gerydinae.

Curetinse.

LycsenopsinBe.

Euialinfe = Theclinse.

Everinoe.

AphnajmEC.

Lycseninse.

Chrysophaninse.
Poritinfe.

Amblypodinse.
Cheritrinse.

Horaginse.

Biduandinse.
Loxurinas.
Liphyrinfe.

SECTION
:

PJeheU, Linnasus, Syst. Nat.
Pleheius, Kluk, Zwierz.

.

i.

Hist.

I.

Genus PLEBEIUS.

(2>, p.

N&L

744 (1767).
Iy..

p. 81

Cuvier, Tabl. Elem.

(1780).

p.

591 (1799).

Crotch, Cist. Ent,

i.

p.

60 (1872).

C 2

Kirby,


LEPIDOPTEBA INDICA.

1:2

Handbook Lep.
p.

pp. 220, 340 (1895)

vii.

;

id. Brit.

Lep.

x.

159 (1909).

Lyceena, de Niceville (part), Butt,
p.

Tutt, Ent. Record,

87 (1895).

p.

ii.

of

India,

Bingham, Fauna

66 (1890).

p.

iii.

of

Brit.

India,

ii.

334 (1907).

Cyaniris,

Dalman, Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. xxxvii.

Nomiades, Hiibner, Verz, bek. Schmett.
Aricia, R,

and L, Jena, Allg.

Lit. Zeit.

Type, semiargits, Eottenburg.

63 (1816).

p.

67 (1816).

p.
i.

280 (1817).

p.

156 (1909).

Prout, Ent. Record, xxi. p.

Type, astrarchc, Bergstrasser.
Vacciniina, Tutt, Brit. Butt. x. p. 154 (1908).

Albulina, Tutt,

Type,

I.e.

Laliorina, Tutt,

plieretes,

Type,

p. 55.

I.e.

Type,

Knoch.

optilete,

Eversmann.

orbitulus,

Esper,

Structure and ueuration very similar to Lycsena.

Genitalia characterised

by

its

length and slenderness of both dorsal process and the upright portion of the hook
the dorsal process

also curved in such a

is

when mounting them on

occurs

way

that,

;

are flattened, as

a slide, the dorsal armature has the closest resemblance

we ought

to the harp-like tale of the lyre-bird, or perhaps

harp that that

when the parts

to say, to the conventional

imitates (Chapman).

tail so closely

Type, Argus, Linnaeus.

PLEBEIUS LOEWII.
Plate 642,
Lycsena loewU, Zeller,

Isis,

Lang, Butt, of Europe,
(1890).

Leslie

India, Butt.

ii.

1847,
p.

figs. 2,

a to

,

2a,

?

,

?

.

de Niceville, Butt, of India,

141 (1884).

and Evans, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. See. 1903,
p.

figs.

i.

iii.

p. 672.

434

to

437 (1849).

p. 79, pi. 26, fig.

Bingham, Fauna

167,

$

of Brit.

343 (1907).
vi.

pi.

573,

fig.

1

(1852).

Gerhard, Mon.

Lye.

pi.

17,

c (1853).

Lycsena cliamanica, Moore, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1884,
p.

2b,

Herrick-Schafer, Schmett. Eur.

p. 9.

Lycsena empyrea, Freyer, Neuere Beitr.
figs. 2,

^

p. 23.

de Niceville, Butt, of India,

iii.

79(1890).

Imago.—Male.

Upperside purplish-blue.

marginal lines black, the latter with a

little

Forewing with the

costal

and outer

black suffusion and short blackish streaks

running in on the veins and in the interspaces.

Ilindwing with a

l^lack

marginal

line,

a series of indistinct subterminal black marks with a fine white line between them.

white with a black basal band.

Cilia

white.

Underside grey, markings black edged with

Forewing with a lunule at the end of the

cell,

a discal series of six spots, the

lowest linear, the second and third oblique, the upper three close together.

with four sub-basal spots, a lunule at the end of the
.spots,

and a

discal series of six

the lowest lunular, the next placed inwards in a line with the first spot

cell lunule,

this

cell,

Ilindwing

forming the end of a complete curve with the next three, the

curve, being

the

fourth

and

fifth spots

of the

series, close

and the

last

two of

together, the six


PLEBEINM
inwards, in a line with the seventh

below the middle of the

spot

another costal spot near the apex of the wing
of

brown

spots, enclosed

sides with orange-ochreous

;

Antennae black, ringed with white

basal band.

and

also

first,

second and fourth

three bordered on their inner

first

marginal brown

a fine

the

line,

the

scales,

costa,

both wings with a subterminal series

;

by a lunular pale brown

from the anal angle with metallic blue

little

13

and grey

line

cilia

with a brown

head and body black above with a

;

blue pubescence, white beneath.

Foreicing with a blackish spot at the end of the

Upperside brown.

Female.

a post-discal transverse double series of pale whitish spots, the outer series being

cell,

obscure, a marginal blackish line with a very indistinct and very fine inner whitish

nindwing with a

line,

post-discal

more

of

series

or

obscure whitish spots, a

less

subterminal series of blackish spots, commencing with a small pair close together near
the anal angle, the next

upwards,

size

all

two the

edged outwardly with white, and the

orange, a marginal blackish line, and
in the male, the

others more obscure and decreasing in

largest, the

cilia

first

four crowned inwardly with

of both wings as in the male.

Underside as

markings larger and more prominent.

Expanse of wings, ^

ly%

?

— Beluchistan,
Distribution. — Eecorded

Habitat.

inches.

Chitral, Persia, Asia Minor.

from Quetta and Khojak

;

by

Leslie

and Evans from

Gunduk

our collection from

in

Chitral,
in

by de

Niceville

the Sarakola Pass,

Beluchistan.

PLEBEIUS SAMUDRA.
Plate 642,

figs. 3,

^

3a,

,

Polyommatus samudra, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874,
Lycsena samudra, de Niceville, Butt, of India,
Hist. Soc. 1903, p. 673.

Imago.
line,

in

—Male.

Bingham, Fauna

iii.

p.

p.

?

,

574,

3b,

i

.

pi. 67, fig. 2,

78 (1890).

Leslie

of Brit. India, Butt.

ii.

p.

,J

and Evans, Journ. Bo. Nat,

347 (1907).

Upperside lavender-blue, both wings with slender terminal black

most examples (but not

in the type-specimen) with a little black

inside the line, thickest at the apex of each

wing

;

some

dull blue scaling at the base.

Underside grey, spots black, ringed with whitish.

Cilia snow-white.

a short lunule at the

end of the

cell,

suff'usiou

Forewing with

a discal even series of five spots, with a slight

outward curve, the lowest composed of two small spots joined together, the next the
largest, the

next three more or

less

spots, a pale short slender lunular

spots, six of

them

angular in shape.

mark

Hindwing with three sub-basal

at the end of the

cell,-

a discal series of eight

an even and well-curved row from the middle of the costa to the

in

second interspace, the other two outwards, level with each other, near the abdominal

margin of the wing

;

both wings with slender terminal brown

line,

sub-terminal brown


U

LEPIDOPTEBA INDICA.

lunules and an indistinct series of

brown marks between them, those on the hindwiuw

containing some pale blue-green metallic scales.

white with grey marks at the

Cilia

vein ends.

Upperside brown with a few dull blue scales at the base, and on the

Female.

abdominal margin of the hindwing

terminal line black and slender.

;

the male, but in the type-specimen the ground colour

Antennae black, ringed with white

much

is

Underside as in

darker, markings similar.

head and body black above with blue

;

hairs,

white

lieneath.

Expanse of wings, ^ ? 1^\
Habitat.

inches.

— Baltistan, Beluchistan, Ladak, Kashmir.

Distribution.

—The types

from Ladak, and a

M. are from Kashmir

in the B.

;

there

is

one example

both sexes from Kiris, 8,000 feet elevation.

fine series of

SECTION II.— Aricia.
Genitalia has a comparatively very fine hook to the dorsal process, and possesses

on the body of the clasp, in a longitudinal

line,

a

number

of rough spinous processes.

Type, astrarche, Bergstrasser.

PLEBEIUS ASTRARCHE.
Plate 642,

figs. 4,

Papilio astrarche, Bergstrasser, Nomencl.

iii.

^

,

4a,

Lang, Butt, of Europe,

Ent. Ross.

Fauna
Papilio

xvi. p.

ii.

p.

Hubner, Eur. Schmett.

114, pi. 24,

i.

fig.

p.

1882,

p.

of the cell

—Male.

;

Alpheraky, Hor. Soc.

Bingham,

p. l;33.

p.

69 (1890).

and Evans,

id.

Mackinnon and

1903,

p.

671.

fig. 4.

p. 368.

Upperside satin brown.
one and sometimes

Forewing with a black spot at the end

and a sub-terminal

both obsolete.

series of

orange

Hindicing with a similar

more prominent, a fine black marginal line to
Underside dark grey with some blue scales at the base, markings

and sub-terminal

both win OS.

iii.

Leslie

p. 504, pi. 31,

a terminal series of blackish spots,

lunules, sometimes

Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881,


246.

Cupido nazira, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1886,

Imago.

9,

115 (1884).

Niceville, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1898, p. 379.

I.e.

8 (1779).

240 (1878).

Butt, of India,

Polyommatus nazira, Moore, Proo. Zool. Soc. 1865,

terminal

p.

.

988 to 992 (1827-1841).

figs.

Lycsena medon, de Niceville (nee Hufnagel),

Lycsena nazira, Moore,

?

337 (1907).

Lijcxna astrarche, var. allous, Lang, Butt, of Europe,

de

4b,

Doherty, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1886,

386 (1881).

of Brit. India, Butt.

allotis,

p.

,

p. 4, pi. 49, figs. 7,

Lyceena astrarche, Staudinger, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. xiv.
p. 889.

?

series


'

PLEBEIN^.
black,

with white edgings.

discal

series

below

highly

spots,

outwards

curved

cell,

above

line, a

between them and the terminal

Cilia white.

a

and a

inwards

thin lunule at

the end

the forewing

;

sub-terminal series of black spots with a white

line,

the white line having black dots on the vein

and the orange crowned with thin

ends, the black spots heavily crowned with orange
blackish lunules.

line,

cell,

and

middle

the

curved above and below as in

a discal series of spots

wings with terminal black

Ijoth
line

Forewinp with a spot at the end of the

Hindn:ing with four sub-basal spots in a

it.

of the

of

15

Antennae black, ringed with white

head and body blackish-brown above, white beneath

;

palpi with

;

club whitish beneath

some

;

black hairs.

stiif

Female, above and below, like the male, but the bands above are composed of

and on the underside the ground colour

larger orange spots,

is

darker, and all the

markings larger and more prominent.

Expanse of wings, $ ? 1^
Larva. Pale green, with

—

lateral stripes

to

1 -^q

inches.

a brownish-purple medio-dorsal stripe

and

faint pale

each segment has two wart-like eminences with projecting white bristles

;

the ventral surface

and pale yellow

pale green with whitish bristles

is

in colour

half an inch in length

;

;

the claspers are semi-transparent

;

the legs are spotted with black

and has the usual Lycsena shape

when full-grown

;

its

;

food-plant

is

it is

about

the Storkbill

[Erodium cicutarium).
Pupa.

— Has the usual Lycsena form, pale yellow in colour, with a green tinge, with

a dorsal stripe of reddish-purple

;

it is

spun up among the dry leaves of Erodium and

Artemisia (Lang).

Habitat.

—The

Himalayas, throughout Europe, Asia Minor, Kouldja, Askold and

Amurland.
Distribution.

— de

Niceville records

Doherty from Naini

Cheena,

Niceville from Mussuri, Leslie

from Simla, Kashmir, Ladak, Kumaou,

it

Bingham from

Tal,

and Evans from

Beluchistan, Mackinnon

and

Chitral,

it

is

in our

and de

collection

from Solon, Simla.

PLEBEIUS
Plate 643,

Lycsena
p.

iris,

Imago.

^

Staudinger, Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1886,

378, pi.

7,

fig.

Bingham, Eauna

Vjlack line

figs. 1,

—Male.

8 (1890).

Leslie

of Brit. India, Butt.

and
ii.

p.

,

IRIS.
la,

p.

9

,

207.

lb,

^

Grum-Grshiniailo,

E^-ans, Journ.

Rom. Mem. Lep.

Bo. Nat, Hist. Soc.

1903,

p.

iv.

672.

337 (woodcut) (1907).

Upperside rich silky purple-brown

and black lunule at the end of the

cell.

;

both wings with terminal

Himlwing with a very

indistinct

sub-terminal series of blackish spots, and sometimes indications of a series close to the

margin, the two nearest the anal angle

less

obscure than the others, and occasionally


LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.

16

with two or three blue-green metallic

Cilia snow-white.

scales.

Forewing with the largest spot of

spots large and edged with clear-cut white rings.
all,

at the

end of the

cell

;

in

Underside dark grey,

some examples

looks like two spots closely joined

it

together, a discal series of six spots quite close to the large discoidal spot, the first four

from the upper end

and

fifth at right

in a well-curved series, the lowest spot outwards, the third, fourth

angles to the others, like short bars, the fifth generally the longest.

Jlindwing with four sub-basal spots in an irregular

end of the

cell,

and a

discal series of seven spots, the sixth

deeply curved, the seventh placed a
line,

a sub-terminal series of

lunules,

a thick lunular

line,

outwards

little

mark

from the costa outwardly

both wings with a terminal brown

;

brown lunular marks, edged inwardly by conspicuous white

and between them a paler

series of

brown lunular marks, the

last four spaces

before the anal angle of the hindwing filled in with orange sufi'usion, the spots in

with metallic blue-green

jet black

at the

scales,

the two middle ones the

them

largest.

Female, above and below, like the male.

Antennae black, ringed with white
beneath

;

front

;

thorax and abdomen blackish above, white

and top of head white.

Expanse of wings, ^ $

— Central
Distribution. —A
Habitat.

1

to IxV inches.

Asia, Pamirs, Chitral.

M. from Turkestan, Samarkund, and many

fine series in the B.

other parts of Central Asia, and nine examples from Ziarat and Jhela Drosh, Chitral,
collected

by

Leslie

and Evans.

SECTION III.— Albulina.
Genitalia agrees with Aricia in the general form of the long hard process of the
clasp,

but has the hook of the dorsal process with a very broad square base, and the

upper portion thick below, tapering and ending in a slight hook.

Type, pheretes. Eversmann.

PLEBEIUS LEHANA.
Plate 643,

figs. 2,


,

2a,

?

,

2b,

Polyommatus lehana, Moore, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878,
Lep.

p. 6, pi.

i.

fig. 6,

^

fig.

132, (J, 133,

Imago.

—Male.

9

.

230;

id. Sci.

1898, p. 379.

iii.

p.

Mackinnon and de

81 (1890).

Bingham, Fauna

of Brit.

India,

at the

Niceville, Journ.
ii.

p. 352, pi. 19,

(1907).

fine

marginal black

line.

Underside.

grey, with blue scaling at the base, markings blackish-bi'own

mark

Butt.

Upperside purplish-blue, with some dark blue scaling at the base

both wings with very

lunular

Res. Second Yark. Miss.

(1879).

Lyceena lehana, de Niceville, Butt, of India,
Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc.

p.

i

end of the

cell,

a discal

row of

;

Foreicing plumbeous-

with white edges

five small spots,

;

a

evenly curved


PLEBEIN^.
inwards at

upper end.

its

Ilindwing with the ground colour darker

and prominent, a streak within the

white, large

outwards close to

it,

17

;

a costal spot above

cell,

markings pure
it,

another spot

a spot below obliquely outwards, five squarish lengthened spots in

by the veins, the upper end outwardly
the row running right across the wing, the

the disc in a row, only separated from each other

obliquely below the last-mentioned spot,

lowest spot belonging to

(very small) placed inwards, a series of paler and more

it

obscure sub-terminal spots,

all

Autennse black, ringed with white

white.

with bluish

hairs,

Female.

by very obscure grey

the spots centred

dots.

Cilia

head and body blackish above, clothed

;

white beneath, the palpi beneath fringed with black

Upperside darker than the male, otherwise

it

is

hairs.

and

similar both above

beneath.

Expanse of wings, ^ ? 1 inch.
Habitat. Western Himalayas.

—

Distribution.

—Mackinnon and de Niceville record

from Leh and Ladak

and both sexes are

;

it

in our collection

from Mussuri, de Niceville
from Kashmir.

PLEBEIUS ASIATICA.
Plate 643,

figs. 3,

(J

,

3a,

$

,

3b,

$

Lycsena pheretes, var. asiatica, Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1882,
p.

382.

Butt.

ii.

de Niceville,

p. 352, pi. 19, fig.

—Male.

Imago.

Butt,

of

India,

iii.

p.

81

p.

(1890).

402

;

id.

Trans. Ent. Soc.

Bingham, Fauna of

Brit.

1888,
India,

134 (1907).

Forewing more pointed at apex.

metallic blue, with very fine marginal black line.
thin black lunular

.

Upperside, both wings rich

Underside grey.

Forewing with a

mark edged with white at the end of the cell, some blue scaling at
Hindwing irrorated with blue scales on the basal two-thirds, the

the base of the wing.

white spots arranged as

Leiuina.

Lehana, but smaller and more round.

Upperside darker and duller in colour, with

Female.

Underside coloured

row

transverse

in

like the

in the

upper

marginal black

Forewing with three small white spots

male.
disc,

fine

line.

in

a

instead of the complete row of discal spots as in

Hindwiiig with a white lunule at the end of the

cell,

the remaining markings

as in Lekaiia.

Expanse of wings, ^ -^ ? 1
Habitat.
Sikkim, Chumbi.
,

inch.

—

PLEBEIUS PHARIS.
Plate 643,

figs. 4,

^

,

4a,

?

,

4b,

Lycsena pheretes, var. pharis, Fawoett, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol.

Imago.
line;

— Male.

ii.

p. 138, pi. 9, figs. 5,

(J

,

5a,

Upperside dark purple-blue.

9

.

Forewing with a black marginal
margin of hindwing broadly black, especially at apex and costa cilia broadly

VOL.

;

VIII.

D