DIRECT SPEECH AND INDIRECT SPEECH(Câu trực tiếpGian tiếp),

CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI ĐẠI HỌC
MÔN: TIẾNG ANH 12
MỤC LỤC
1. ĐẶT VẤN ĐỀ......................................................................................................................
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2. GIẢI QUYẾT VẤN ĐỀ......................................................................................................
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Phần 1: Ngữ pháp và bài tập minh họa.......................................................................
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I. Định nghĩa lời nói gián tiếp(Definitions)......................................................................
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II. Những thay đổi trong lời nói gián tiếp.........................................................................
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1. Thay đổi động từ...................................................................................................................
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2. Thay đổi về Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu,Tính từ sở hữu.............................................
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3. Thay đổi về từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn..................................................................................
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III. Các Loại câu gián tiếp cụ thể.............................................................................................
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1. Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp....................................................................................
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2. Câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp..............................................................................................
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3. Câu mệnh lệnh trong lời nói gián tiếp..................................................................................
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4. Câu cảm thán trong lời nói gián tiếp....................................................................................
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5. Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ nguyên thể.............................................................................
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6. Lời nói gián tiếp với danh động từ.......................................................................................
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7. Các hình thức hỗn hợp trong lời nói gián tiếp......................................................................
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8. Một số trường hợp đặc biệt..................................................................................................
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Phần 2: Bài tập thực hành.............................................................................................
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Phần 3: Đề kiểm tra 45 phút và Ma trận......................................................................
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Phần 4: Kết luận.............................................................................................................
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Phần 5: Tài liệu tham khảo............................................................................................
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ĐẶT VẤN ĐỀ
Ngoại ngữ nói chung và Tiếng Anh nói riêng đã, đang và sẽ trở thành một môn văn
hóa cơ bản trong chương trình giáo dục phổ thông. Đồng thời việc giảng dạy ngoại ngữ Tiếng Anh cũng đang được các nhà trường, các nhà giáo dục, nhiều dự án giáo dục và
đông đảo giáo viên quan tâm và đưa ra nhiều phương pháp dạy học thích hợp. Trong
chương trình Tiếng Anh THPT,DIRECT SPEECH AND INDIRECT SPEECH(Câu
trực tiếp-Gian tiếp), là một trong các phần ngữ pháp lớn có trong các kì thi tốt nghiệp
THPT, ĐHCĐ và thi học sinh giỏi. Tuy nhiên, đại đa số học sinh mới nắm được cách
chuyển đổi các thì sang câu gián tiếp. Các em thường vẫn lúng túng khi gặp các loại câu
gián tiếp mang tính nâng cao. Do vậy nhiều học sinh đã gặp khó khăn trong việc phân
biệt và làm các bài tập liên quan đến câu gián tiếp. Vì vậy tôi mạnh dạn đưa ra một số
hình thức nhận biết câu gián tiếp theo quan niệm cũ và quan niệm mới cùng một số dạng
bài tập thường gặp nhằm giúp các em củng cố ngữ pháp và luyện tập một cách hiệu quả

và đạt kết quả cao trong các kì thi.
GIẢI QUYẾT VẤN ĐỀ
DIRECT SPEECH AND INDIRECT SPEECH
A. Objectives
1. Knowledge: Definition, grammar rules, exercises to practise about indirect
speech in English
2. Skill: Report what people have said, do grammar exercises
B. Preparation-Method
I. Preparation
1. Teacher : Lesson plan, handouts
2. Student: Notebooks, pen
II. Method: Presentation and illustration by examples.
C. Content
PHẦN 1: NGỮ PHÁP VÀ BÀI TẬP MINH HỌA
I. Định nghĩa: .......................................................................................................................
1. Lời nói trực tiếp: là sự lặp lại chính xác những từ của người nói.
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- Lời nói trực tiếp được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép và sau động từ chính có dấu phẩy(,)
hoặc dấu hai chấm(: ).
- Đôi khi mệnh đề chính cũng có thể đặt sau lời nói trực tiếp.
Ex: “ I don’t like this party” Bill said.
2. Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói,
đôi khi không cần phải dùng đúng những từ của người nói.
Ex: Bill said that he didn’t like that party.
II. Những thay đổi trong lời nói gián tiếp:
1. Thay đổi động từ: Thì của các động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo
một nguyên tắc chung là lùi về quá khứ (các thì xuống cấp):
Direct Speech

1. Present Simple: V1
Ex1: Nam said, “I am told to be at
school before 7 o’clock”
Ex2: He said, “ I like beer”

Indirect Speech
1. Past Simple: V2/ed
EX1: Nam said (that) he was told to be
at school before 7 o’clock.
Ex2: He said (that) He liked beer

2. Present Progressive: am/is/are +Ving 2. Past Progressive: was/were+Ving
Ex: He said, “I’m watching TV”
Ex: He said (that) he was watching TV
3. Present Perfect: has/have + V3/ed
Ex: He said, “ I have just bought a new
book”

3. Past Perfect: had + V3/ed
Ex: He said (that) I had just bought a
new book

4. Past Simple: V2/ed
Ex: They said, “ We came by car ”

4. Past Perfect: had + V3/ed
Ex: They said (that) they had come by
car

5. Past Progressive: was/were + V-ing

Ex: He said, “I was sitting in the park at 5. was/were+V-ing or Past Perfect
8 o’clock”
progressive
Ex: -He said ( that ) he was sitting in the
park at 8 o’clock”
- He said ( that )he had been sitting in
the park at 8 o’clock”
6. Past Perfect: had + V3/ed
Ex: She said, “ My money had run out” 6. Past Perfect: had + V3/ed
Ex: She said ( that) her money had run
out
7. Future Simple: will +V without to
(V0)
7. would + V without to ( Vo)
Ex: Lan said, “I’ll phone you”
Ex: Lan said ( that) she would phone
me
8. can
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Ex: He said, “ you can sit here”
8. could
Ex : He said ( that) we could sit there

9. may
Ex: Mary said ,“I may go to Ha Noi
again”

9. might

Ex: Mary said ( that) she might go to Ha
noi again

10. must
Ex: He said, “I must finish this report”

10. must/ had to
Ex: He said ( that)he had to finish that
report
* Chú ý: Một số trường hợp không đổi thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp:
- Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề giới thiệu được dùng ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn,
hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc tương lai đơn, thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp vẫn
không thay đổi
Eg: He says/ he is saying/ he has said/ he will say, “the text is difficult”.
 He says/ is saying/ has said/ will say (that) the text is difficult.
- Khi câu nói trực tiếp thể hiện một chân lý , thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp vẫn
không thay đổi
Eg: My teacher said “The sun rises in the East”
 My teacher said (that) the sun rises in the East.
- Câu trực tiếp có dạng câu điều kiện loại 2 hoặc loại 3:
Eg: He said; “If I knew her address, I would write to her”
 He said that he would write to her if he knew her address
Eg: She said, “If I had enough money, I would buy a new bicycle. ”
 She said (that) if she had enough money, she would buy a new bicycle.
Eg: The teacher said, “If John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his
exam. ”
 The teacher said (that) if John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his
exam.
Tuy nhiên nếu lời nói trực tiếp là câu điều hiện loại 1 thì được chuyển sang loại 2 ở
lời nói gián tiếp

Eg: The advertisement said; “If you answer the questions correctly, you may win
one million dollar”  The advertisement said that I might win one million dollar If I
answered the questions correctly.
- Không thay đổi thì của mệnh đề sau “wish’
Eg: He said; “I wish I had a lot of money”
 He wishes (that) he had a lot of money
- Không thay đổi thì của mệnh đề sau “It’s (high/ about) time”
Eg: She said; “It’s about time you went to bed, children”
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 She told her children that it’s about time they went to bed
- Không thay đổi thì của mệnh đề đi sau ‘would rather, would sooner”
Eg: She said; “I would rather you stayed at home”
 She said that she would rather I stayed at hone
- Không thay đổi thì của:
Could, would, might, should
Ought, had better, need trong câu nói gián tiếp
Nhưng must -> had to/ must
Eg: She said; “I could do the homework
 She said the she could do the homework
- Động từ trong câu nói trực tiếp có thời gian xác định:
Eg: He said, “I was born in 1980”
 he said that he was born in 1980.
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian trong câu phức có thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ
tiếp diễn
Eg: “I saw him when he was going to the cinema”
She said she saw him when she was going to the cinema
2. Thay đổi về đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ sở hữu, tính từ sở hữu:
Quy tắc chung

Câu trực tiếp
Ngôi 1 ( Người nói)
Ex: He said to me: “I am tired”
Ngôi 2 (Người nghe)
Ex
Ngôi 3 ( Người được nhắc đến)

Câu gián tiếp
Thay đổi theo chủ ngữ ở mệnh đề giới thiệu
He said to me that he was tired
Thay đổi theo tân ngữ ở mệnh đề giới thiệu
Giữ nguyên

3. Thay đổi về từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:
Những từ trong câu trực tiếp
Today/ tonight
Yesterday
last month/ night …
Tomorrow
this moth
The day before yesterday
The day after tomorrow
next month/ week. . .
Here
Now
Ago
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Những từ trong câu gián tiếp

that day/ that night
the day before/ the previous day
the month before / the previous
month/ night
the following day/ the next day
that month
Two days before
In two days’ time
the month after / the following
month/ week
There
Then
Before


This
These

That
Those

III. Các loại câu gián tiếp cụ thể và bài tập minh họa
1. Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp: (Statements in reported speech)
S + said (to + O) + that S + V……
S + told + O + that S + V….
Eg: ‘We will have a test tomorrow’, My teacher said.
-> My teacher said (that) they would have a test the next day.
Các bước đổi 1 câu trần thuật từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
Bước 1: Viết lại mệnh đề giới thiệu
S said (to O that)

S told O (that)
*Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: thought, announced, explained,
complained, believed…
Bước 2: Đổi ngôi theo quy tắc chung
Bước 3: Đổi thì của động từ theo quy tắc chung
Bước 4: Thay đổi các từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn theo quy tắc chung
EXERCISE 1
Change the sentences into reported speech.
1. Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock”
……………………………………. . . ………………………………………………
2. Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week”
……………………………………………. …………………………………………
3. Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks”
…………………………………………………………………. . ……………………
4. The teacher said “All the homework must be done carefully”
……………………………………………. …………………………………………
5. Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend”
………………………………………………. . ………………………………………
6. Hoa said “I may visit my parents in the summer”
………………………………………………. . ………………………………………
7. The teacher said “We can collect old book for the poor students”
………………………………………………………………………………………
8. She said “She doesn’t buy this book”
……………………………………………. …………………………………………
9. The boys said “We have to try our best to win the match”
………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Her classmate said “Lan is the most intelligent girl in our class”
………………………………………………………………………………………
KEY
1. Nam said that he was told to be at school before 7 o’clock

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2. Thu said that all the students would have a meeting the following week
3. Phong said that his parents were very proud of his good marks
4. The teacher said all the homework must be done carefully
5. Her father told her that she could go to the movie with her friend
6. Hoa said that she might visit her parents in the summer
7. The teacher said we could collect old book for the poor students
8. She said she didn’t buy that book
9. The boys said they had to try their best to win the match
10. Her classmate said Lan was the most intelligent girl in their class
……………………….
2. Câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp (Questions in reported speech)
a. Yes/No questions:
S+asked/wanted to know/wondered+if/weather+S+V
Eg . ”Are you angry?”he askedàHe asked if/whether I was angry.
(Chuyển câu hỏi ở câu trực tiếp sang dạng khẳng định rồi thực hiện thay đổi thì,trạng
từ chỉ thời gian,nơi chốn,chủ ngữ,tân ngữ. . . )
b. Wh-questions:
S+asked(+O)/w3anted to know/wondered+Wh-words+S+V.
*says/say to+Oàasks/ask+O
said to+Oàasked+O.
Eg. ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher.
àThe teacher asked us what we were talking about.
EXERCISE 2
Change into reported speech
1. “Do you enjoy reading?” Phong asked Peter
2. “Does she like sports?” Hoa asked Lan
3. “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam

4. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom
5. “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend
6. “Did you go to Hue three years ago?” Tam asked Peter
7. “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan
8. She said to me “Can you speak Chinese?”
10. “Were you reading this book at 8 o’clock last Sunday?” She asked Ba
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KEY
1. Phong asked Peter if he enjoyed reading
2. Hoa asked Lan if she liked sports
3. She asked Nam if his sister and brother went to the same school.
4. She asked her mom if there were some oranges in the fridge
5. He asked his friend if it would rain the following day
6. Tam asked Peter if he had gone to Hue 3 years before
7. Tuan asked Lan if Tam and Hoa were late for class.
8. She asked me if I could speak Chinese
9. Tam asked Thu if she would be there for 5 days
10. She asked Ba if he was reading that book at 8 o’clock the previous Sunday.
Cách chuyển
Bước 1: Viết lại mệnh đề giới thiệu
S asked O Wh…
S wanted to know Wh…
S wondered Wh…
Bước 2: Đưa chủ ngữ trong câu trực tiếp lên sau từ để hỏi
Bước 3: Đổi ngôi theo quy tắc
Bước 4: Lùi thì theo quy tắc
Bước 5: Đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn theo quy tắc; bỏ dấu “?”
 Chú ý: Trong trường hợp câu trực tiếp có cả câu trần thuật và câu hỏi khi đổi

sang câu gián tiếp phần nào vẫn cứ đi phần ấy
Eg: “ I have left my watch at home. Can you tell me the time?”
He said that he had left his watch at home and asked me if I could tell him the
time
EXERCISE 3
1. “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me
………………………………………………. . ………………………………………
2. “How many people are there in your family?” She asked Lan
…………………………………………………. . ……………………………………
3. Tam’s friend asked him “How long will you stay in England?”
……………………………………………………. …………………………………
4. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom
………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The teacher said to Lien “What‘s your hobby?”
…………………………………………………. . ……………………………………
6. “How do you go to the airport?” His friend asked him
………………………………………………. ………………………………………
7. “How much does this dress cost?” Lan asked Lien
………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Ba asked Tam “How often do you wash your clothes?”
………………………………………………………. ………………………………
9. “When will your father leave Vietnam for the USA?” Phong asked Thu
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……………………………………………………………. …………………………
10. “How many books do the students need?” The librarian asked my teacher
…………………………………………………………………………………. . ……
KEY
1. The teacher asked me where my father worked

2. She asked Lan how many people there were in her family.
3. Tam’s friend asked him how long he would stay in England
4. She asked her mom how many oranges there were in the fridge
5. The teacher asked Lien what her hobby was.
6. His friend asked him how he went to the airport
7. Lan asked Lien how much that dress cost
8. Ba asked Tam how often he washed his clothes
9. Phong asked Thu when her father would leave Vietnam for the USA
10. The librarian asked my teacher hmany books the students needed
………………….
EXERCISE 4
1. "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said. → The teacher told Joe
2. "Be patient," she said to him. → She told him
3. "Go to your room," her father said to her. → Her father told her
4. "Hurry up," she said to us. → She told us
5. "Give me the key," he told her. → He asked her
6. "Don't go out without me," he begged her. → He begged her
7. "Don't forget your bag," she told me. → She told me
8. "Don't eat in the lab," the chemistry teacher said. → The chemistry teacher
told his students
9. "Don't give yourself up," he advised her. → He advised her
10."Don't hurt yourselves, boys," she said. → She told the boys
KEY
1. The teacher told Joe to stop talking
2. She told him to be patient
3. Her father told her to go to her room
4. She told us to hurry up
5. He asked her to give him the key
6. He begged her not to go out without him
7. She told me not to forget my bag

8. The chemistry teacher told his students not to eat in the lab
9. He advised her not to give herself up
10.She told the boys not to hurt themselves
3. Câu mệnh lệnh trong lời nói gián tiếp (Imperative in reported speech)
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Khi đổi câu mệnh lệnh từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp cần lưu ý:
-Động từ tường thuật là: ordered, commanded , requested, asked , told
-Tân ngữ trực tiếp chỉ người nhận mệnh lệnh
-Hình thức mệnh lệnh của động từ trong câu mệnh lệnh trực tiếp đổi thành động từ
nguyên thể
-Các thay đổi về từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn vẫn theo quy tắc
(+) S +

ordered +
O
+ to infinitive
commanded
told
asked
requested
Eg: “Please wait for a minute. ” The man asked me
à The man asked me to wait for a minute.
“Would you mind opening the door” she asked me.
She asked me to open the door.
He said to the waiter, “ Please bring me some hot water. ”
à He told to the waiter to bring him some hot water.
I said to her “Please shut the window. ”
à I asked her to shut the window.

(-) He/ she + ordered + object not to + infinitive
told
asked
Eg: “ Please don’t talk loudly”.
à He asked me not to talk loudly.
He said “Don’t shut the door”.
à He asked me not to shut the door.
4. Câu cảm thán trong lời nói gián tiếp: (Exclamationin reported speech)
- Động từ tường thuật là: exclaim/shout
Eg: He said, “ What a lovely garden they have”
He exclaimed that they had a lovely garden.
- Các hình thức cảm thán bắt đầu bằng “what’ và “how” chuyển sang gián tiếp
bằng:
He said that it was … / hoặc He exclaimed that it was …
Eg1: She said; “What a pity!” (Direct speech) -> She exclaimed that it was a
pity
Eg2: I said; “What a nice horse” -> I exclaimed that it was a nice hoese
Eg3: He said; “How beautiful she is!”-> He exclaimed that she was beautiful!
Eg4: “What a big egg” he said -> He said that it was a big egg.
Eg5: “ How dreadful!” he said -> He exclaimed that it was dreadful.
EXERCISE 5
Change into reported speech
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1. She said; “How beautiful they are”
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. I said; “How fast he is running!”
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. He said; “What a lovely house!”

……………………………………………………………………………………
4. She said; “What beautiful flowers!”
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. She said: “How lovely your sister is!”
……………………………………………………………………………………
KEY
1. She said that they were beautiful
2. I said that he was running so fast
3. He exclamed that it was a lovely house
4. She exclamed that were beautiful flower
5. She said that my sister was lovely.
…………………………………

5. Reported speech with to infinitive
- Khi lời nói gián tiếp là lời đề nghị, mệnh lệnh, ý định, lời hứa, lời yêu cầu,…động
từ tường thuật cùng với động từ nguyên mẫu theo sau thường dùng để truyền tải nội
dung lời nói trên.
* Công thức chung khi đổi sang câu tường thuật với to V:
S + V (+ O) + to V
Động từ tường thuật + Tân ngữ + Động từ nguyên mẫu
*Động từ tường thuật: ask, advise, command, invite, order, recommend,
encourage, urge, warn, want. , beg, instruct, persuade…
 Would you/ Could you / Will you/ Can you -> asked+ sb + to + V
 Would you mind + V-ing /Do you mind + V-ing -> asked + sb + to +V
 Would you like/ Will you -> invited + sb + to + V
Động từ tường thuật + Động từ nguyên mẫu
*Động từ tường thuật : agree, demand, hope, promise, threaten, offer, refuse,
decide. . .
a. Đề nghị, lời mời:
Trực tiếp

* Mời “ Would you like to V. . . / How about …/ Why don’t you + …
* Đề nghị : - Would you like me to V
- Shall I do. . . / Can I…? Could I …?
- I’ll do … if you like
Gián tiếp
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S + invited + (O) + to V …
S + offered + to V …
Ex: He said, “Would you like to go out for a drink?”
---> He invited me to go out for a drink.
She said to me; “How about some coffee”
-> She invited me some coffee
“I will look after the house for you if you like” he said.
-> He offered to look after the house for me if I liked.
b. Yêu cầu: (động từ tường thuật ask)
Ex: She said, “Can you lend me your book?”
---> She asked me to lend her my book.
Câu trực tiếp : Could you…. ? , Can you …? Would you mind …?
“Would you mind closing the door?”  he asked me to close the door.
Can you close the door?
 He asked me to close the door
Câu gián tiếp: S asked somebody to V

“I’d like…” “Can I have…?”
.................................................................................................................
khi chuyển sang gián tiếp ta áp dụng cấu trúc
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

S + asked + someboby + for + something
Ex: In a restaurant, the man said; “I’d like a bottle of red wine, please”
-> The man asked for a bottle of red wine
c. Khuyên bảo:
*Lời khuyên trực tiếp thường bắt đầu bằng:
- You should / You ought to V. . . . . . . . . . .
- If I were you , I would/ should …
- You had better …
- Why don’t you ….
Chuyển sang gián tiếp có cấu trúc sau: S + advised + O + to V …
Eg’ Why don’t you repaint our room? She advised me to repaint their room.
Ex: “You should study harder,” my mother said.
---> My mother advised me to study harder.
d. Lời nhắc nhở
“Remember…”khi chuyển sang lời nói gián tiếp ta áp dụng cấu trúc sau
Don’t for get
S + remind(ed) + someboby + to Infinitive verb
Ex: She said to me; “Don’t forget to ring me up tomorrow evening”
-> She reminded me to ring her up the bext eveining
e. Sự đồng ý về quan điểm như: all right, yes, of course (áp dụng cấu trúc
sau):
S + agreed + to verb…
Ex: “All right, I’ll wait for you” he said
-> He agreed to wait for me
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f. Câu trực tiếp diễn tả mong muốn : would like, wish
Chuyển sang gián tiếp sử dụng cấu trúc sau
S + wanted + object + to verb…

Ex: “I’d like Lan to become a doctor,” my mum said
-> My mum wanted Lan to become a doctor
g. Từ chối : S + refused + to V …
Eg: ‘No, I won’t lend you my car”
-> He refused to lend me his car.
h. Lời hứa: S + promised to V…
Eg: ‘I’ll send you a card on your birthday”
-> He promised to send me a card on my birthday.
EXERCISE 6
1. She said to him: “give me another glass of wine”.
………………………………………………………. . ………………………………
2. She said to me: “bring me a book”.
………………………………………………………. . ………………………………
3. Mother said to him: “open the window please!”.
……………………………………………………. . …………………………………
4. He said to me: “shut the door after you”.
………………………………………………………. . ………………………………
5. The captain said to them: “wait here still I come back”.
………………………………………………………. . ………………………………
6. She told her: “take it and come with me”.
………………………………………………………. . ………………………………
7. He said to me: “don’t come back before one o’clock”.
………………………………………………………. . ………………………………
8. My mother told me: “don’t forget to look at the door”.
………………………………………………………. . ………………………………
9. He said to his brother: “don’t open the window, open the door”.
………………………………………………………. . ………………………………
10. He said to the girl: “don’t sit on my bed, sit on this chair please!”.
………………………………………………………. . ………………………………
KEY

1. She asked him for another glass of wine
2. She asked me to bring her a book
3. My mother asked him to open the window
4. He asked me to shut the door after me
5. The captain told them to wait there till he came back
6. She told her to take it and come with her
7. He told me not to come back before one o’clock
8. My mother remonded me to look at the door
9. He asked his brother to open the door, not the window
10. He asked the girl to sit on that chair, not on his bed
……………………………
6. Reported speech with gerund: (câu gián tiếp với danh động từ)
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- Khi lời nói gián tiếp là lời đề nghị, chúc mừng, cảm ơn, xin lỗi …. động từ tường
thuật cùng với danh động từ theo sau nó thường dùng để truyền tải nội dung lời nói
trên.
 Động từ tường thuật + V-ing. . . . . . .
* Động từ tường thuật: deny, admit, suggest, regret. . . . . . . . . . .
Ex: He said to me; “Let’s go home”
-> He suggested going home
 Động từ tường thuật + giới từ + Ving…
* Động từ tường thuật: : dream of, object to, insist on, complain about, think of,
look forward to. . . . . . . . .
Ex: “I’ll help you with your physics exercise,” Peter said to Susan.
---> Peter insisted on helping Susan with her physics exercise.
 Động từ tường thuật + giới từ + tân ngữ + Ving…
* Động từ tường thuật: thank sb for, accuse sb of, congratulate sb on, apologize
sb for, warn sb against, prevent sb from, stop sb from…

Ex1: “It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much,” Tom said to
you.
---> Tom thanked me for helping him.
Ex2: “I’m sorry I’m late,” Peter said.
---> Peter apologised for being late.
 Ving đi sau động từ tường thuật SUGGEST trong các mẫu câu sau:
 Why don’t you/ Why not / How about -> suggest + sb + V
 Let’s / Let’s not -> suggest + V-ing/ suggest + not+ V-ing
 Shall we/ It’s a good idea -> suggest + V-ing.
a.
Cảm ơn, xin lỗi:
S + thanked + s. o + for + v-ing (having P2)
S + apologized for + (not) + v-ing (having P2)
S + apologized + to + s. o + for + (not) + v-ing (having P2)
Ex1: “It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much,” Tom said to you.
---> Tom thanked me for helping him.
Ex2: “I’m sorry I’m late,” Peter said.
---> Peter apologised for being late.
b. Chúc mừng:
S + congratulated + s. o + on + v-ing (having P2)
Ex: John said, “I heard you received the scholarship. Congratulations!”
---> John congratulated me on receiving the scholarship.
“I hear you passed your exams. Congratulations!” John said to us.
-> Tom congratulated us on passing our exams
c. Cương quyết, khăng khăng:
S + insisted + on + v-ing…
Ex: “I’ll help you with your physics exercise,” Peter said to Susan.
---> Peter insisted on helping Susan with her physics exercise.
“I’ll drive you to the station. I insist,” Peter said to Linda
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-> Peter insisted on driving Linda to the station
d. Cảnh báo, ngăn cản:
Lời cảnh báo như : be careful, be dangerous
a. S + warned + s. o + to verb…
b. S + warned + s. o + against + v-ing …
ex1: “Be careful of strangers and don’t go out at night”; he said
-> He warned us to be careful strangers and not to out at night
Ex3: “Don’t go out alone at night,” I said to Linda.
---> I warned Linda agaisnt going out alone at night.
Ngăn cản: S + prevented, stopped + s. o + from + v-ing…
Ex1: “Stay here! I can’t let you go out tonight,” her mother said to Jane
-> Her mother prevented Jane from going out that night
Ex2: “Sit here. I can’t let you stand all the time,” Mary said to me.
---> Mary prevented me from standing all the time.
e. Chấp nhận hoặc phủ nhận:
S admitted/ denied Ving (having P2)
Ex1: “We stole his money,” they said.
---> They admitted stealing his money.
f. Đề nghị, gợi ý:
* Lời đề nghị, gợi ý thường bắt đầu bằng:
- Could
- Shall we ….
Shall we go and see a film?
Shall we talk about something different now?
- What about …/ How about V-ing…/ Let’s V……. / Why don’t we V ….
What about going to Judy's?
How about using my car?
Let's go outside.

Why don't you write to her yourself?
* Chuyển sang gián tiếp
S + suggest + (not) + V-ing …
S1 + suggest (ed) + That + S2 + should + bare infinitive
Ex: He said to me; “Let’s go home”
-> He suggested going home
-> He suggested that we should go home
Ex: “Let’s go out for a drink,” Susan said.
---> Susan suggested going out for a drink.
g. Tố cáo, buộc tội:
Ex: “You took some of my money,” he said.
---> He accused me of taking some of his money.
h. Mơ ước:
S + dreamed + of + v-ing…
Ex: “I want to pass the exam with flying colours,” John said.
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---> John dreamed of passing the exam with flying colours.
“I’ve always wante to be rich, ” Bob said
-> Bob had always dreamed of being rich
i. Suy nghĩ về cái gì:
S + think (thought) + of +v-ing…
Ex: John’s wife: The house is very nice! We’ll certainly buy it
John : I think so
-> John and his wife were thinking of buying the house.
k. Sự mong đợi
S + looked forward to + v-ing…
Ex: “Mr. Smith: I feel like meeting our children soon”
Mrs Smith: I think so

-> Mr and Mrs. Smith looked forward to meeting their children soon
7. Các hình thức hỗn hợp trong lời nói gián tiếp: (mixed forms in reported
speech)
Lời nói trực tiếp có thể bao gồm nhiều hình thức hỗn hợp: câu khẳng định, câu hỏi,
câu mệnh lệnh, câu cảm thán:
Eg: 1. He said, “Can you play the guitar?” and I said “No”
 He asked me if I could play the guitar and I said that I couldn’t.
2. “I don’t know the way. Do you? He asked.
 He said that he didn’t know the way and asked her if she knew it.
3. “I’m going to shopping. Can I get you something? She said
 She said that she was going to shopping and asked if she could get me anything.
EXERCISE 7
1 . “ I feel like going to America soon”.
The woman looked forward to
…………………. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …………
2. “ It’s really nice of you to help me”, Peter said to Jack.
Peter thanked…………. for ……………. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . ……
3. “ Don’t play games on computer all day”, Tom’s mother said to him.
Tom’s mother warned ……. . against . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ……………
4. “ I hear you passed your driving test. Congratulation!”, Peter said to me.
Peter congratulated ………. on
………. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …………
5. “ I’m sory. I didn’t do my homework,” John said to his English teacher.
John apologised …………. . . for
…………. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ………
6. “ I always want to become an English teacher,” Mary said.
Mary
dreamed

of
…………………………. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
…
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7. “Certainly. I’ll take you to the zoo next Sunday”
He insisted…………………………………………………………………………. .
8. ‘You have made the wall dirty, pupils” said the teacher. .
The teacher accused………………………………………………………………. .
9. “No, we didn’t make noise last night” said the children
The children denied……………………………………………………. …………. .
10. Shall we meet outside the cinema after eight” he said
He suggested………………………………………………………………………. .
KEY
1 The woman looked forward to going to America
2. Peter thanked Jack. for helping him
3. Tom’s mother warned him against playing game on computer all day
4. Peter congratulated me on passing my driving test
5. John apologised his English teacher for not having done his homework
6. Mary dreamed of being an English teacher
7. He instead on taking me to the zoo the following Sunday
8. The teacher accused the pupils of having made the wall dirty.
9. The children denied having made noise the previous night
10. He suggested meeting outside the cinema after eight
………………………………………. .
8. Some special cases:
1. Indirect speech with Let’s/ Let him/ Let her/ Let them:
+ Let’s/ Let him/ let her/ Let them do something
 …. suggest that somebody (should) do something (dùng cho mọi trường

hợp)
Eg: “Let’s eat out tonight” she said.  She suggested that they should eat out that
night.
“Let him prepare all the lesson. ” She said  She suggested that he should
prepare all the lesson.
+ Let’s/let him/ let her …
 … suggest + V-ing (dùng cho let’s)
 …suggest + somebody’s + V-ing ( dùng cho let him/ let her/ let them
Eg: “Let’s go camping next weekend” he said He suggested going camping the
following weekend.
“Let them do their exercises this morning” she said  She suggested their doing
exercises that morning.
2. + “Yes, let’s”  agree
Eg” “Let’s go to the theatre tonight? He said
“Yes, let’s’ said one of his friends.
 He suggested going to the theatre that night and one of his friends agreed.
+ “No, Let’s not”  object to the idea/ be against the idea
Eg’ “No, let’s not. It is hot” said another friend
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 but another friend objected to that idea/ was against it because it was hot.
3. Let = allow
Eg: “Let him go with me, mother” she said  She asked her mother to allow him
go with her
“Let her do it herself, teacher” he said to his teacher.  He asked his teacher to
allow her do it herself.
EXERCISE 8
1. “Let’s give a party” said Ann
“Let’s not” said her husband

……………………………………………………………………………….
2. “Let’s take a tent and camp out” said Bill
“ Good idea” said Nina
……………………………………………………………………………….
3. “Let the children stay indoor tonight. ” She said
……………………………………………………………………………….
4. “Let me go” he said to the policeman.
……………………………………………………………………………….
5. “Let’s go swimming in the lake” he said
“No, it is against law” said his friend.
……………………………………………………………………………….
6. “Let’s prepare everything for the party” she said.
“Yes, let’s” said her friend.
……………………………………………………………………………….
7. “Let’s stay here till the storm has passed” he said
……………………………………………………………………………….
8. “Don’t drive too close the car in front” said my mother (warn)
……………………………………………………………………………….
9. “Let’s go swimming. It is too hot to learn our lesson now. ” He said
……………………………………………………………………………….
10. “You ought to wear a safety helmet when you drive motorbike” she said to her
husband.
……………………………………………………………………………….
KEY
1. Ann suggested giving a party but her husband objeted to the idea
2. Bill suggested taking a tent and camping out and Nina agreed.
3. She suggested that the children stay indoor that night
4. He asked the policeman to let him go
5. He suggested doing swimming in the lake but his friend disagreed because it was
against the law.

6. She suggestd preparing everything for the party and her friend agreed.
7. He suggested that they should stay there till the strorm had passed
8. My mother warned me against driving too close the car in front.
9. He suggested going swimming because it was too hot to learn our lesson then
10. Her husband suggested her wearing a safety helmet when she drove motorbike.
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……………….
4. Indirect speech with ‘must” ‘need” “have to”
+ I must do … = must/ had to
Eg: ‘I must be there at 6 a. m” he said  He said he must/ had to be there at 6 a. m
+ Must I/ you/ he … do …? = had to
Eg: “Must you get ready for the party” he said  He asked if I/ she had to get
ready for the party.
+ I must not do … = must not do
Eg: “I must not get up early tomorrow”, she said  she said that she must not get
up early the next day
+ You/ She/ He must not do … = must not do/ weren’t to do/ wasn’t to do
Eg: “He must not be present at the meeting today” she said
 She said that he must not be/ wasn’t to be present at the meeting that day.
+ I needn’t do = needn’t have to/ wouldn’t have to …
Eg” “I needn’t do my homework” she said
 She said that she needn’t have to do her homework/ wouldn’t have to do her
homework.
+ You he/ she needn’t do … = You he/ she needn’t do
Eg: “You needn’t lock the door” she said
 She said that he needn’t lock the door.
+ Need I/ you/ he do …? = Need I/ you/ he do / had to
Eg: “Need I prepare everything for the meal” she said

 She asked if she need/ had to prepare everything for the meal.
5. Indirect speech with some expressions:
+ “Thanks” he said
 He thanked me
+ “Good luck” he said  He wished me good luck
“Happy Christmas” he said  he wished me happy Christmas
+ “Congratulation” she said  He congratulated me
+ The notice said ‘Welcome to Bacgiang”
The notice welcomed visitors to Bac giang
+ “No/ Yes”  Subject + Auxiliary verb
Eg: “Did you have a good time” he said; “yes’ I said
 He asked me if I had had a good time and I said I had
“Have you done your work” he said “ No’ I said
 He asked me if I had done my work and I said I hadn’t
+ Good morning/ evening/ hello  Subject + greet …
PHẦN 2: BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
I. Change these sentences into reported speech.
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1. Mary said : “My father died a year ago”.
2. “Must you go now?”, said Mr. Brown.
3. John said : “I have finished studying my lesson”.
4. He asked me : “Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?”
5. “Remember to buy some sugar”, my mother said.
My mother
asked. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.....
6. He said : “If I were you, I would tell her about that”
He

advised. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..........
7. “Don’t take more than two of these at once”, said the doctor.
The doctor
asked. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..............
8. The traveler asked : “How long does it take you to get to London?”
9. “Did you phone me yesterday?” Tom asked Mary.
10. “Would you like to have dinner with us tonight,” Mike said. –
Mike
invited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................
11.“ Why don’t you organize an English competition for our students?” said Ms
Lien.
Ms Lien suggested. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................
12.“ You won the scholarship. Congratulations!” Mary told me.
Mary congratulated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................
13.“ You were cheating” said David to Henry.
David accused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.....................................
14.“ It was kind of you to help me with my homework” Lan said to Hoa.
Lan
thanked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..................................
15.“ I’m sorry I’m late, said Mr Thanh.
Mr Thanh apologized. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.................................
Key:

1. Mary said that her mother had died a year before.
2. Mr Brown asked whether/ If I had to go then.
3. John said he had finished studying his lesson.
4. He asked me why I hadn’t come to class the previous day/ the day before.
5. My mother asked me to buy some sugar.
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6. He advised me to tell her about that.
7. The doctor asked not to take more than two of them at once.
8. The traveler asked how long it took me to get to London.
9. Tom asked Mary whether/ if she had phoned him the day before/ the previous day.
10. Mike invited me to have dinner with them that night.
11. Ms Lien suggested organising an English competition for their students.
12. Mary congratulated me on winning the scholarship.
13. David accused Henry of cheating.
14. Lan thanked Hoa for helping her with her homework.
15. Mr Thanh apologized for being late.
II. Choose the best choice.
1. He said he……………. . at the “Ritz” Hotel.
A. is B. has stayed
C. was staying
staying
2. He asked me where I…………….
A. have studied
B. study

C. am studying

D. will stay

D. studied

3. Tina asked me how long I……………. . a teacher.
A. have been
B. had been
C. am

D. will be

4. She asked me……………. I liked pop music.
A. if
B. whether
C. that

D. A&B

5. The students asked if I was going to teach them physics………………
A. the next day B. next day
C. day next
D. the day next
6. John asked me _______ in English.
A. what does this word mean B. what that word means
C. what did this word mean
D. what that word meant
7. She said I _______ an angel.
A. am
B. was
C. were
D. have been

8. Laura said she had worked on the assignment since _______.
A. yesterday
B. two days ago C. the day before D. the next day
9. John asked me _______ interested in any kind of sports.
A. if I were B. if were I C. if was I D. if I was
10. John asked me _______ that film the night before.
A. that I saw
B. had I seen
C. if I had seen D. if had I seen
11. “Go home,” said the teacher to us.
A. The teacher told us to go home
B. The teacher said us to go
home
C. The teacher told us go home
D. The teacher told to us to go home
12. “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress.
A. He asked the waitress bring him some fish soup.
B. He asked the waitress to bring her some fish soup.
C. He asked the waitress to bring him some fish soup.
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D. He asked the waitress bring her some fish soup.
13. I said to Nick: “Where are you going?”
A. I asked Nick where was he going.
B. I asked Nick where he
was going.
C. I asked Nick where is he going.
D. I asked Nick where he is
going.

14. “You’d better apologise for being late,” said my mother.
A. My mother advised me to apologise for being late.
B. My mother suggested me to apologise for being late.
C. My mother suggested apologising for being late.
D. My mother warned me to apologise for being late.
15
. “Don’t open your books,” the teacher said to the pupils.
A. The teacher told the pupils to not open their books.
B. The teacher told the pupils did not open their books.
C. The teacher told the pupils not open their books.
D. The teacher told the pupils not to open their books.
16. He said, “My wife has just bought a diamond ring. ”
A. He said that his wife had just bought a diamond ring.
B. He said that my wife had just bought a diamond ring.
C. He said that his wife has just bought a diamond ring.
D. he said that his wife just bought a diamond ring.
17. “I will come with you as soon as I am ready”, she said to Philip.
A. She said to Philip he will come to see you as soon as he I am ready.
B. She told Philip she will come to see her as soon as she was ready.
C. She told Philip she would come to see you as soon as she was ready.
D. She told Philip she would come to see him as soon as she was
ready.
18. “I wrote to him yesterday”
A. She said to me I wrote to him the day before.
B. She told me she wrote to him yesterday.
C. She told me she had written to him yesterday.
D. She told me she had written to him the day before.
19. “He is talking to your sister”, She said to me.
A. She told me he was talking to your sister.
B. She told me she was talking to my sister.

C. She told me he was talking to my sister.
D. She told me he was talking to her sister.
20. Miss White said to him, “ Why are you so late? Did your car have a flat
fire?”
A. Miss White told him why was he so late and did your car have a flat
fire
B. Miss White asked him why was he so late and did your car have a flat
fire.
C. Miss White asked him why was he so late and if your car have a flat
fire.
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D. Miss White asked him why he was so late and whether his car had
a flat fire.
21. . He said "If I had enough money, I could buy that dictionary. "
................................................................................................................................................
A. He said if he had enough money, he could buy that dictionary
................................................................................................................................................
B. He said if he had had enough money, he could buy that dictionary.
................................................................................................................................................
C. He said if he had enough money, he could have bought that dictionary.
................................................................................................................................................
D. He said if he had had enough money, he could have bought that
dictionary.
22. Tom: “ Why don’t you study hard for the coming exam, Ba”
A. Tom advised me not to study hard for the coming exam
B. Tom advised me to study hard for the coming exam
C. Tom advised Ba not to study hard for the coming exam
D. Tom advised Ba to study hard for the coming exam.

23. He asked me what………………………………………. .
A. time was it
B. time is it
C. time it was
D. none is correct.
24. She asked me……. . the seat………. . or not
a. If / had occupied
b. Whether / was occupied
c. If / has been occupied
d. Whether / occupied
25. The policeman asked us………. .
a. had any of us seen the accident happen.
b. If had any of us seen the
accident happen
c. Whether any of us had seen the accident happen d. that if any of us had
seen the accident happen
26. I asked him………. . ,but he said nothing
a. what the matter was
b. what was the matter
c. the matter was what
d. what’s the matter was
27. James………. . him up when the bus reached the square
a. told me wake b. asked me to wake
c. said me to wake
d. requested me waking
28. I wonder…………. we’ll catch the bus………we’ll take a taxi
a. if / and whether
b. whether / or that
c. if / or that
d. whether / or whether

29. Excuse me. Could you tell me………………?
a. what time is it
b. what is the time
c. what time it is
d. it is what time
30. We wonder………. from his office after that scandal
a. why did he not resign b. why he did not resignc. why he not resign
d. why didn’t he resign
31. Jeff wanted to know……………. .
a. that why were his friends laughing
b. why were his friends laughing
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c. why his friends were laughing
d. the reason why his friends
laughing
32. Mr Hawk told me that he would give me his answer the………. . day
a. previous
b. following
c. before
d. last
33. She…………him whether he liked the steak she cooked
a. asks
b. wondered
c. wanted to know d. asked
34. His neighbours sometimes wondered………. he did for a living
a. why
b. when
c. where

d. what
35. Could you please tell me……………?
a. It is how far to the nearest bus stop
b. how far is it to the nearest bus stop
c. how far to the nearest bus stop is it
d. how far it is to the nearest bus stop
36. Marigold wondered………. . Kevin and Ruth would be at the party
a. that
b. whether
c. if
d. b& c
37. He asked me…………….
a. How long you have studied English.
b. How long had you studied English
c. How long you had study English
d. How long you had studied
English
38. The passenger asked……………. we landed
a. what
b. when
c. if
d. why
39. “I’ll tell you about this tomorrow, Mary. ” said Tom.
a. Tom said to Mary that he will tell her about that the next day.
b. Tom told Mary that I would tell you about that the next day.
c. Tom told Mary that he would tell her about that the next day.
d. Tom told Mary that she would tell him about that the next day.
40. “I have something to tell you” Kerry said to Cheryl.
a. Kerry told Cheryl I had something to tell her.
b. Kerry told Chery he

had something to tell her.
c. Kerry told Cheryl she had had something to tell him.
d. Kerry told Cheryl he
had had something to tell her.
41. He said, “My wife has just bought a diamond ring. ”
a. He said that his wife had just bought a diamond ring.
b. He said that my wife had just bought a diamond ring.
c. He said that his wife has just bought a diamond ring.
d. he said that his wife just bought a diamond ring.
42. “I will come with you as soon as I am ready”, she said to Philip.
a. She said to Philip he will come to see you as soon as he I am ready.
b. She told Philip she will come to see her as soon as she was ready.
c. She told Philip she would come to see you as soon as she was ready.
d. She told Philip she would come to see him as soon as she was ready.
43. “I wrote to him yesterday”
a. She said to me I wrote to him the day before.
b. She told me she wrote to him yesterday.
c. She told me she had written to him yesterday.
d. She told me she had written to him the day before.
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44. “He is talking to your sister”, She said to me.
a. She told me he was talking to your sister.
b. She told me she was talking to my sister.
c. She told me he was talking to my sister.
d. She told me he was talking to her sister.
45. “It is the time to check what you have done”, the father said to the boys.
a. The father said to the boys it was time to check what they had done.
b. The father told the boys it was time to check what they had done.

c. The father told the boys it was time to check what they have done.
d. The father told the boys it is time to check what they had done.
46. “You will like my sister when you meet her”
a. He told me you will like her sister when you meet her. b. He told me I will like his
sister when I met her.
c. He told me I would like his sister when I met her d. He told me I would be
liked his sister when I met her.
47. “I didn’t meet Susan last week”
a. He said he didn’t meet Susan the week before.
b. He said he hasn’t met Susan last week.
c. He said he hadn’t met Susan last week.
d. He said he hadn’t met Susan the week before.
48. “I didn’t break your watch”
a. The boy told the girl he hadn’t broken her watch.
b. The boy asked the girl he hadn’t broken her watch.
c. The boy told the girl he didn’t break her watch.
d. The boy told the girl he hadn’t broken your watch.
49. “I found a lot of mistakes in your plan”. Catherine said to Kevin.
a. Catherine told Kevin she found a lot of mistakes in his plan.
b. Catherine told Kevin she has found a lot of mistakes in his plan.
c. Catherine told Kevin she had found a lot of mistakes in his plan.
d. Catherine told Kevin she had found a lot of mistakes in her plan.
50. “I have just seen your mother this morning”.
a. Laura told Lewis I have just seen your mother this morning.
b. Laura told Lewis she had just seen his mother that morning.
c. Laura told Lewis she has just seen his mother that morning.
d. Laura told Lewis he had just seen her mother that morning.
51. “We are ready to come with our friends”
a. They told us they are ready to come with their friends.
b. They told us they were ready to come with our friends.

c. They told us we were ready to come with our friends.
d. They told us they were ready to come with their friends.
52. “I couldn’t get into the house because I had lost my key”
a. He said he couldn’t get into the house because he had lost my key.
b. He said he hadn’t been able to get into the house because he had lost his key.
c. He said he had been able to get into the house because he had lost his key.
d. He said he hadn’t been able to get into the house because he lost his key.
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