Tiếng anh giao tiếp (cơ bản)

Tiếng anh giao tiếp (cơ bản)

MỤC LỤC



 !"#
!"$
Tiếng anh giao tiếp (cơ bản)
%&'(()
*+,,-./0)1233456-!-7
8 Good morning!
Good afternoon
Good evening
Hello!
How are you?
98Fine, thank you, and you?
Verry well, thank you.
Best wishes to you.
Best regards to you.
:71;5-<*
Please give my regards/ best wishes to sb
=>71;7=6?1;75-<*@AB
Please give my love to ....

=>C=2/@AB
Say hello to ...
:3D1;EB
Please remember me to ...
=AF1;B
D)5+>-GH)8

8How are things going with you?
IE4@JK'L
0How do you do?
3M%(ML
98Pretty good, thank you.
N+5.=
Quite well, thank you.
O5-<.=
Just so-so, thank.
PQ,/;.=
8This is Mr/ Mrs/Comrade...
R1A??-ST
May I introduce you to ...?
AUVB4EB
I'd like you to meet ...
A'*=5B4->W
98Nice/ Glad/ Pleased to see/ meet you!
X*7EY?'*E?'*))/B-/Z*?W
Nice meeting you, Mr/Mrs/...
X*7EY-/ZWA??./A??
My name is...
I'm....
D)5+>-GH)8
8Let me introduce my friend (to you)
AUVB4EBAGA
Allow me to introduce myself (to you).
AUV[B4EBA
98I'm pleased to meet you
A))/B-/ZWA
It's a pleasure to meet you

\1))/B-WA
8I think it's time for us to leave now.
A]-^-177A-'S
I'm afraid I must be leaving now.
A)Z'_A-;
It's time I did ... I have to go now.
R^-17A--
98 Good bye!
Bye- bye
See you later
`
abW1GG
See you tomorrow.
=W1G
See you
Good night!
D)5+>-GH)8
8I'm sorry I have to go now
A1*1=E,-;
98 See you soon
)B=W1G
So long
1c=-*dJe//;/Gf
Take care, bye
O^[g==.G=4
Remember me to your family
O^F1;@AB-,
Regards to sb
:F1;B
Keep in touch

&121G
Gọi điện thoại (Making telephone calls)
8Hello! May/ Could I speak to...?
1hA3>34EB-/ZML
Hello! Is sb in?
1h)3i-*ML
Is that ... speaking?
31-3ML
98Hold on, please
RCY.-6-W=+
Hello, who is it?
1.-*L
This is ... speaking.
R1-3
He/She/... isn't here right now
Can I take a message for you?
A3>31;c-ML
I called to tell/ ask you ...
AI->3?%
D)5+>-GH)8
8 Could I talk to ..., please?
=A34EB
Hello! I'd like to have a word with ...?
1hA34=53EB
98A moment, please!
=;=D1+
Hold the line, please. I'll see if he is in.
j
==+A)bU(=A*3i-ML
Sorry, but he isn't in now.

:1k.17A*M3i-
Sorry, but he isn't here at the moment
:1k./A*M3i-17
Sorry, there is no one by the name of ... here
:1k.i-M321
You've got the wrong number
l!=)5'S
8Any message for him/ her/...?
3c,*?A*?ML
Can/ Could/ May I take a message for ...?
A3>c-ML
Could you tell him to ring me when he is back?
9G3>A*I1GAMA*'iEC-ML
I'll ask him to ring you up when he comes back
A)b-CYA*I1GAMA*'iEC
Cảm ơn và trả lời (Thanks and responses)
8 Mh
M)1h
M)h
M)m'
9811
NA3,
It's/ That's all right.
O5A
It's very kind of you to ...
-^'*5M
D)5+>-GH)8
8Thank you very much indeed!
\'*=
Thank you for your coming/...

=-^B?
Many thanks for your help
X*=-^7-n
98At your service
:)c)oEo
That's OK
RSp
It's a pleasure.
X*))/B
My pleasure
Chúc mừng (Good wishes, congratulations)
8Good luck (with you)!
7==c
"
Best wishes to you
7-C5-<*
All the best
I-C51.EG)[/p
I hope everything goes well
AEI=I4)bJK'5-<
I wish you good luck/ success/...
AU7==c?A?
Good journey (to you)
7=D-5-<
(I hope) Have a good trip
7=D-5-<
Have a nice/ good time/ weekend/...
3=D;=+
Congratulations!
:7=6

I'd like to congratulate you on ...
:7=6JY
98 Thank you!
Many thanks!
The same to you!
q7G/
It's very nice of you to say so
9G\5E,-^3/
Xin lỗi (Apologies)
8 I'm sorry!
Sorry/ Pardon!
I'm sorry for/ about....
A'*1*1=EC
I'm sorry to have + V-ed/ that ...
A1*1=E,-^
Excuse me for ...
:01kAEC
Pardon me for sth/ doing sth...
:01kAEC-C-3?E,-^1=,-3
Be afraid that
'_.)Z'_
98That's all right
O5A
It doesn't matter
r)
That's nothing
NA)
Don't mention it!
:-63B4*
s

Never mind. It doesn't really matter
NA\=\r3,-
Please don't worry about that
:-6gMgEC4*
Lấy làm tiếc (Regrets)
What a pity/shame!
\1*1=?\-+U*H
I'm sorry to ...
A1*1=
It's a pity that ...
\1*1=M'_
That's a shame
\1=D-CU*H
It's really a pity
\-+1*1=
I'm terribly sorry about that
A)01*1=EC4
That's too bad
/,t+S4
I'm most upset to hear ...
A)011cM(
Lời mời và trả lời
Mời:
will you come to...?
3=5BMAL
would you like to ...?
3=5MAL
I'd love you to....
A'*=5=;
Đồng ý:

Yes. I'd love to...
PA)b'*T
Yes. It's very kind of you
PR1=D-C'*5ECT
Yes. It's nice of you
P\5
I'd like to. Thank you
A'*T=
with pleasure
:E1u
#
Từ chối:
I wish I could, but ...
A=13>./
I'd like to, but ...
A'*=5./
I'm afraid I can't
A1'_AM>
I'm sorry I can't
A'*1*1=.AMA>
Thank you very much, but...
='*C./
That's very kind of yoy, but ...
R31=D-C'*56TA./
Sorry I can't. But thanks anyway.
X*1AMA>/Je)qU=
Thank you all the same
ve)q=A
Kiến nghị và trả lời (Offers)
Kiến nghị:

Can/ Could/ Shall I help you?
A3>7-n-ML
What can I do for you?
A3>1=,L
Here, take this/ my...
R.^1*+?@A
Let me do/ carry/ help ... for you
O^->A=?7
Would you like me to do st ...?
3=5A1=
would you like some ...?
3=5Je=D7MAL
Is there anything I can do for you?
u3,A3>1=MAL
Do you want me to do...?
3=5A1=
Can I do anything for you?
A3>1=,-/ZMAL
It's my pleasure to do ...
A'*E-/Z
What can I do for you?
A3>1=,L
Help yourself to some bananas/ fish/...?
JeEt5?T+?0L
$
Đồng ý:
Thanks. That would be very nice/ fine.
=/,5t+
That's very kind of you
Thank you for your help

=7-n
Yes, please
P.1=
That's nice of you. Thank you
/\5=
I'd be delighted to have your help
A'*))/B-/Z7-n
Từ chối:
No, thanks/ thank you. I can manage it myself
NA.=A3>[=-/Z
Thank you all the same
ve)q=
That's very kind of you, but ...
R31=D-C5./
Not at the moment, thank you
NA117.=
No, it's all right, I can manage
NA.HA.A3>[=-/Z
No, thanks
NA.=
Xin phép (Asking for permission)
Xin phép:
May I...?
A3>L
I wonder if I could ...
A=514A3>MAL
would/ Do you mind if I do st...?
A=5A1=,3CMAL
Is it all right/OK/... if I do st..?
ab3>-/ZA1=0L

All right?
R/Z0L
Ok?
R/Z0L
How about/ what about...
PC4,)L
Đồng ý:
Yes/ Sure/ Certainly
P.r1
Yes, (do) please
w
P.U=;
Of course (you may)
v]2'SA3>
Go ahead, please
01=-.U=;
That's OK/All right
R/ZA.'*5A
Not at all
OMA
Sure
cr
Just go ahead
01=-
Please do
:=;
I don't mind ...
AMAC
If you like.
2GT

Từ chối:
I'm sorry, but...
A'*./
I'm sorry, you can't
A'*.GMA>
You'd better not
9G-61=,5
I'm afraid not
A)Z1MA
I don't think so
AMA]
Adjactives - Tính từ
Tại đây, chúng ta sẽ nhắc lại về Parts of Speech( từ loại) để chúng hiểu các từ kết hợp với
nhau như thế nào để tạo nên nghĩa của cả một câu. Tiếng Anh là một ngôn ngữ linh hoat.
Nghĩa của một từ được bắt nguồn ko chỉ từ cách nó được phát âm và đánh vần mà còn từ
cách nó được sử dụng trong câu. Ví dụ:
- Là danh từ : I ate a fish for dinner.
- Là động từ : We fish in the lake on every Tuesday.
61GS=8
JxE()dT6
)dv6
`P(')dRD6
jJE(')d'G6 36
" '())d&B6
s ')dRG6
y
#x)d26
$'1()dG6
wJ1P(')dRD6M=M
yz('x()d+6

Adjactives - Tính từ8
T61+6Je->=2H]J6E-G6T6'1;
%{MJLO|=L{(LO|=L
{MJL}}red)(}}gold'
O|=L}}more)'}}little(mm'
{(L}}second(}}those1()
O|=L}}several ()}}sixM)
3"1GT68==Jx(E().'('Jx(E().=JJx(E().
'1().JJ(m(Jx(E()
d==Jx(E()T6Je->=2/;E)[E\
strong=
green 1
beautifulE(|
d '('Jx(E()T6'2-/Z,6J6'2
CaliforniaE((1()m'=(~1m'•
MexicanmJm'=(~(U•
d=JJx(E()T6V-/ZG66MZ1G8
far-off '
teenage(')
d'1()G61JG-W4@T63`=G61a, an, the:
The-/ZI1=G6U+-YiE,3-)+E\.E4-^-/ZU+-Y6'/B-3
W/;3E/;(-C
a Ean-/ZI1=G6MU+-YiE,3-)+E\.E4M!U+-Y6
'/BW/;3E/;(3M
dzJ(m(Jx(E()T6*-Y1+6=MA-Y'€)A1/Z@=DE\
WE4
all, another, any, both, each, either, few, many, more, most, neither, other, several,
some
•+)FJoT6'Eg8tc
dR'/BJ6->H]TJ6-38

blue)M
important=(
dR)+1ME('46/be, seem, appear, look, feel, smell, sound, taste,
become, grow, remain, stay và turn->1=EY'8
‚z)cold, wetJwindy.
‚=m((1)sad.
•+'/;Z-W4+GB1-W4-*8
dT6-0)=D3=6EBop-1/;8
'E('|J'(JM1=((')lon
'Jmmm((wide.
dT6-0)+6/: something, nothing, anything, everthing

zƒ11(11)=(new
)new.
Comparative and superlative adjectivesdvG))+.*@T6d('?d()8
•{(JJder/-est)'Jx(E()8
1}}}}}1('}}}}}}(1())111(Jx(E()
11}}}}}11('}}}}}}(}}}}}}11()
}}}}}('}}}}}}(()
•dg -gger:
{)'Jx(E()(J|one vowel Jone consonant(8.|(double the
consonant8
„:8}}}}}('}}}}}(()
}}}}}}('}}}}}(()
m}}}}}m('}}}}}}(m()
• more/most:
{()(more/the most(m'(Jx(E()m|'='()111()
„:8(U()E(}}}}}='((U()E(}}}}}(=)()()E(
•y-ier/iest:
9(|Jx(E()(J|-y(8.|(change -y to -ier

•/-iest:
„:8()}}}}}()('}}}}}(()()
•Irregular adj:
„:8J}}}}}(('}}}}}(()
J}}}}}|')(}}}}}(|')
J?11}}}}}|')(}}}}}(|')
=?=}}}}}='(}}}}}(=))=E=/;3Mf=(J6
11(}}}}}1())}}}}}(1()
m'}}}}}}m'('?m'('}}}}}}(m'()?m'()
Thứ tự của tính từ chỉ tính chấtT6-0'/BJ68
RAM7JeCT6'/B=DJ6
PTJo8
dz1M(big blackJ)
da(|)|('beautiful long redJ'())
P\0[-7@T61,L
Number--- Opinion---Size---Age---Shape---Colour---Pattern---Origin---Material---
Purpose---NOUN
Opinion: Jx(E((U1)|M)=(('(1(=
'((|„U=1()8)11.(m1.''1(.Jmm1
Size8)…(Jx(E(.m')(.(11)|')=11)=()„U=1()81'(.
.('=).11(
Age8(Jx(E((11)|'1J)=(')=(()„U=1()8
(.(|..1J
Shape8)(Jx(E(J()'()()(m)=(„U=1()8)t'(.'J.m1.
'(1'
Colour:1'Jx(E(.m')(.J()'()(1'm)=(„U=1()81(.
M.'(JJ).'(
Origin8'Jx(E(J()'()|('()=(=()m'=„U=1()8†'(.

1'.=('.()('.&'((M

Material8=('1Jx(E(J()'()|)=()=J(m'=„U=1()8
|J(.=(1..('
Purpose:')(Jx(E(J()'()|)=())(Jm'()(Jx(E()m(
(J|‡d‡„U=1()8)1(()‡)1((‡.'))‡')‡
„U8P1(')|)|'1d1'Jd(|'J|(='(J1)(
J)()P1('-'/
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
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JŠ
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/
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gŠ
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'
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g
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/
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
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
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
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=
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'g

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
=
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/
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)
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
Động từ (V-ing, V-ed) Je1=T68
Thông thường, khi một động từ không có dạng thức tính từ tương ứng với nó thì phân từ 1
(V-ing) hoặc phân từ 2 (P2) của động từ đó được sử dụng làm tính từRAM/;I
MA2JeT6iJG08V-ingVerb-edVerb-en.
•T6JGV-ing/;-/ZJeMJ6=3H][4WY
'+4=EC-DRD6/;1D-D6MA3E;@
-D61;JK8
d('|M('9(|)'
d(1=m1|(')(=(J|'((J'|m1')(m1|(')|('(
1=
d(''•••()1(J1)((m'(1((•••(|)''
• 6(V-ed)-/ZJe1=T6MJ6=3H]1-5/Z\)[
+-D@-D3T6iJG /;3S56Y
-D
d()'(J=1|)J(1E('(J(mm()(m'((=1J(()'(J
d†'…(mJ)m(()(''('(m'()mJ(mJJ((m'…(
d(=')(J=(|('(|('1EJ)(=(J((
=')(J
Lưu ý:D)5+-D6/to interest, to bore, to excite, to frightenM)FJo1=
T6/;M3U+-Y2Je1G662c+
Joq5/-^2'28@'-D,Je .@

\+-D@-D,Je :V2=+ETJo)8
d(''m())'()J())1((
d('1('(()J())1((
d('(J)J()|()1((J'('1('(
d(1J)|m'(=E(
d(m'((J1J('
So sánh/ Phân biệt Tính từ:
Alone, lonely, lonesome, và lone:
Alone=p1=D/;=DE\-3-i'21ŽdMA3WE\,
M+iUt. Lonelyi•Jelonesome-C\-)[*GJ,'G
--D'
PTJo8z1M((1(m')'('J)
AT-/Z=D=,'M;c
9m('m(|J)z)'(1(1?1()=(
/)EAc-!'i2A-
Alone3>-/Z*=G_All
PTJo8m('(')JJ(J.)(|)111(
`
aMS.*•i=D=,
`AloneMA-/ZJe'/BJ6. LoneESolitary3>-/ZJe‘lone
,3’
PTJo8(1'((|)1(?)1'('((
P\=UJ*1=DA--D
Any VÀ Every8
AnyEevery-C-/ZJe->3EC*+E2@=D1G=D3=
PTJo8?„E('1J1(')|=dI-0'Ž-C3>I
]@MA5AnyU(=UV6+=D33]~*
0+=GI•.~+W+MW+M+”. EveryU(=UV+E\
33]!)EB11~*•.~+E+ME+M+•
O^))+8

d{(|)('|1J1M(L“zJ()”=('(•('(''
('
=5+LdRC-3MAE*-C;q-/Z
d–()J('(|('((|(')J=…()m(E('MJ•(J('J
('
'2t!3-@1G+EGT
Sự khác nhau giữa “big” và “large”:
O6~large•E~big•-C1T6Ee3]1.1B.'D2.
2G->=5-3.6q3C->=M+'2C
MTG7)b))+6~1arge•E~big•'2+MTG)8
) Xét về mặt hình thức8
T6~big•E~large”-C1T6.2=-AderiJG0))+E
2=-A-est iJG0))+*•3=D->=-+1/p1M2=\5)
)+,big 3-Ao=gi5ularge,MA
'(“1'('“1'()
9“('“()
2) Xét về mức độ phổ biến:
~Big•_='3=yyy6-/Z)FJoC*'.S=Eg
3EEgE
~Large••_='3=`yyy6-/Z)FJoC*.E,.UVEC=0-DH
,~1'(•MV=~•'*C
3) Xét về mặt ý nghĩa:
6-C3]1.1B.'D)EBMTn.=0-D',
PTJo8
da())|(11dJx)(mm'J1E()(
da())|(11dJx)(mm'J1E(1'()(
'2-C3]18/@A*-=0A*-@C2=DA
'*1B?'D''/;Z.=WJe6~•E~1'(•-C3
=Dp]/~1'(•3p]TU+
4) Xét về cách sử dụng:

T6-CMA)FJo->H]J6MA-=-/ZRC
.3]173>38~()()'1'('J(•E,~'J(•1
=DJ6-=-/Z/MA>Je~•~1'(•->H]~'mm•
E,~'mm•1=DJ6MA-=-/ZPBJ6MA-=-/Z.73>
j
Je~1m•
PTJo8('(ƒ)1m'mm('J(U()(
P,E\.317~•E~1'(•-/Z.3171GMA
b) Với các từ chỉ số lượng, “large” được dùng phổ biến hơn “big”.
PTJo8
d1'(=8=D)5C1B
d1'()1(.1'((U(8UV'2t=A'D1B
d1'(=('m.1'(tm.1'(E1=(m8=D)51/Z1B
d1'(''8=D—141B
d1'(('((m8=D—14˜1B
d1'('m8=D!1B
d1'('(8=DG=E'D
c) Nhưng “big” lại có rất nhiều ý nghĩa khác, chẳng hạn như:
d~t'I•
PTJo89)()E('J()
1=Dt-Yt'I
d~1BH•
PTJo8O(ƒ)='('
*1'A
d~A•.~=G•.~C•
PTJo8(|™'M)')J()
(|™'M1->=J67CM+J1Y
d~S4•
PTJo8zƒ=mmJ
A1=Dm==DS4@J

~Big•E~large•u-/Z)FJo''*Co=65-Y.MA>
6'o=6
PTJo8
dzƒ)J(18RC-3MA[)[t'I
dz”)J()m')=(8R31=DpM-D-+*/Zd
da(ƒ)=8A*1/;MAT=\
dO(ƒ)m'))8*1/;t+[=^
d(')(')'(1'(8eE6'5'GE3>>=
U^D
da(ƒ)1'('1m(8A*1=D/;EEŽE)AHC/;M+
Đầu tiên, tui xin giới thiệu với pà con phần lý thuyết cơ bản nhất (nhưng cụng rất cụ
thể đó) về ngữ pháp tiếng Anh:
D'S=+!)8
aš9›„dP„X9a X„vz„d– „„d–vz†z„X
'-38– „„–9›„S=8vzX„EzvzX„
"
aš9›„3>1E('2>.E('}.-G6.)C*EQ1J
67;q-0-!.1=@Et-YE4-D6
P,1J62712t-E*-C)8
Danh từ đếm được và danh từ ko đếm đc (Count Noun/ Non-count Noun):
d8ve-EB)5-=.J-333,+)5T.)5C33>Je
-EB‡‡E‡(‡
dd8NAJe-EB)5-=.J-3M3,+)5TE)5C3
MJe-EB‡‡‘uEB‡(‡•Je-')5'/;Z-W4
d3,+)5C-W4
d)53JG)5T?)5C/.•m4_83‡‡EMA3
‡‡
„U8''m?''m‘)((?)((‘m)?m)
d)5d/8mJ.=(.=(.)J.|('-AM-Je/+
)5C->•+JG.1GM+@-3

„U8|('dœ|(')/BddœEq/B
dv6‡=(‡JeEB]1‡;‡1M-=-./MJeEB
]‡;-G‡‡)51!‡1-=-
„U8(=();H-GdJ('=();4-G
Quán từ không xác định "a" và "an":
•ve‡‡'/Bc-!_8
dj2=.z.„.–
d+2=š.™
dc-!_‡‡='?('
d6=i-!_0Eca–a? 
d/p8R0'/B_‡‡mJe‡‡m'=?E(')
•ve‡‡'/Bc-!_o=
dRJe'/BMU+-YEC=WEY'T?T*?-W->=W-c-1!
-!2'
dve'+•)51/Z*-Y/81m?'(J(1m?1(?
J…(
dve'/B+)5-=*-Y8/;1.'g=/8?(J'(Jd
?()J
dve'/B‡1m‡FM3()-EY2E<8M1J1mM
3-VEBM+->•F!ME3J*G581md)'(.1md
1J1Ž••F
dveEB+-EY)5/8?`?('Jd?"?(mm
dve'+•+.5-D.•148•"M1.syM1=((')'.j
=()J
dve'/B+)5T-=-.'++68|(J?)11m(
d‚'?')?)‚m=1=(•A??A-3MAt(
Grammar continue:
s
Quán từ không xác định "a" và "an":
* Dùng "an" trước 1 Danh từ bằng:

dj2=.z.„.–
d9+2=š.™
dJ6c-!_‡‡=('?'
d6=i-!_=DEca–a? 
d/p8R0'/BJ6=i-!_‡‡Je‡‡E(')?
m'=
* Dùng "a" trước 1 danh từ bắt đầu bằng 1 phụ âm
dRJe‡‡'/BJ6MU+-YEC=WEY'T?T*?-W->=W-c
-1!-!2'
dve'+•)51/Z*-Y/81m?'(J(1m?1(?
J…(
dve'/B)5-=*-Y./;1.'g=/8?(J'(J
d?()J
dve'/B‡1m‡M3()-EY2E<88M1J1m.M3-
VEBJ6M+->•F!ME3J*G581md)'(.1md
1J1Ž••F
dveEB+-EY)5/8?`?('Jd?"?(mm
dve'+•+.5-D.•148•"M1.syM1=((')'.j
=()J
dve'/B+J6)5T-=-.'++6|(J?)11m(
d‚'?')?)‚m=1=(•=DA?-3Mt(
Quán từ xác định "The":
dve'/BJ6-^-U+-Yo>EC=WT*.-W->=.EY'T.W-
c-1!0'
d(‚v6‚&B6‚v6
„U8('11(.(&1mm(U
dve'/BT6))+\*W‡1‡
„U8(1|.(()J
dveM;U+-Y\28z(wwy)
d(‚v6‚RG6t4‚=4-Co

„U8(=?|=E(x))M(?)('=
d'/BJ6op•E\'24
„U8a()(•(''J(
d(‚v6)5T/Z'/3=7E\W-SE\8
„U8(|1(•|1()1+E.(J((dm'((…(0g-A1G
Lưu ý:R5EB‡=‡M=]‡1/;‡4-5M-Je‡(‡
„U8a(=1E(J(('M>6M1/;))5'2'+-*
#
dve'/BJ6)5T->•3=.G/;*-Y'U^D
„U8()=11)M((('8&B@F%?(mm18&Bt0
*
d(‚Jx8/Z'/3=/;.7M;-Vi)5C/-
U(=1+J6)5CvE\.-D6E-G6-eEB7miA0`
)5C
Ex8(1J•(1J(1(?((=1(J?(J)1(J'(m(E(''J('
=E
d(‚2+Ee?ME[-^HEC=W-Y1pW1Y)F8
Ex8(a'J()('?(a('J'?('=J
d(‚„)?{()?a?'‚v6
Ex8('?a 1(
/M-Je‡(‡'/B+63-1CEB21oWt58
{()&('=.'=('
d(‚2I+-DZU/B?JGH->?GHA
Ex8(9M'?( 1'=t( 1J(1–'()'?(9(1()
d(‚2I+;+MAGT?>?+MMT!
Ex8(=()?(?(OJ(('
d(‚I-,i)5C
Ex8(a=)•'?')a=J1J'(
dve'/B2I@/;->U+-Y/;-3')5/;'e2
dN-Je‡(‡'/B+J6•g''6'/;Z-W4

Ex8{(('(Mm)$=)='
Ex8(J('E(J=(1)|((M|('(J(1()
dN-Je‡(‡'/B)5J6/=(.(J.'.'.x1.').)1.
)1.1)).11((.E(')EEM3-EB+-D6EB6•>
-D?•---3EB=o-TTW'M%-3qE,=o-TT
Ex8aJ())1(E('J
Ex8((|)'(1()(Jm'=)1
d/-?W-M%-3MmE,=o-TT,DmJe‡(‡
Ex8aJ()()1m'1))'
Ex8(J'1(m()1m('|'M
Lưu ý:'d•.J6‡)1‡E‡E(')‡mJeEB‡(‡
Ex8O(|)()1)1)(
Ex8a(|)(E(')(E(')))J(
dD)5'/;Z-W48
ž&|'M•&(mm(
ž(|'M
ž('J|'M
ž(mm(-/4=?(mmm(R^=^4=
ž&)(•R>/@@
ž&()(•X>/;->•
ž(()(•i!>
ž()(•Ÿ'2>'
ž|•RE'=?R5
(|•Ÿ'=M|1@/;3
$
Cách sử dụng "Other" và "Another":
O65EC]/M+EC=W+8
* Dùng với danh từ đếm đc:
d('‚J6-=-)5T•+.+M+.=D/;.=D/;M+
d(('‚J6-=-)5T•+u1G@D./;u1G@3=

d–('‚J6-=-)5C•=*+.=*+M+.=*/;
d(('‚J6-=-)5C•+u1G@D./;u1G
@3=
* Dùng với danh từ ko đếm đc:
d–('‚J6M-=J•7
d(('‚J6M-=-•ku)31G
„U8zJƒ|)M 1()(E(=(('
('•('Md)(m
zJƒ|)M 1()(E(=((('
(('•(('M.)(m
•–('E('MU+-Y'M(–('1U+-Y‘@WJ6
-^-c-i'2,iJ/B•!Je('W–('/=D-G61-@
•J6-1)5C8–('dœ–(').M;-Je–(')‚J
6)52
•')5'/;Z./;Je-G6(W()-_)('
W–('
Lưu ý:)W3>JeEB(/()(E)(M-JeEB()
Grammar continue:
Cách sử dụng litle, alitle, few và a few:
d1(‚J6M-=-•'*T.M-@->3M/B@-Y
„U8zE(11(=(.('('()
d11(‚J6M-=-•37.-@->
„U8zE(11(=(.('('()
d†(|‚J6-=-)5C83'*T.M-@->3M/B@-Y
„U8zE(m(|M).(m''(m('(('(J
dm(|‚J6-=-)5C837.-@->
„U8zE(m(|'('J).(m'1)(
d')5'/;Z.MJ6i'2-^-c-,iTJ/B•!Je
11(Wm(|/-G61-@
„U8'('(J=(™().11(

d (m(|-=-• (M-=-• (1•X*C
ENOUGH , TOO....TO , SO....THAT , SUCH....THAT
w
Công thức:
* Too.... to (  +-kMA> ): 
¡‚Jx?JE‚m')m¢
3 nguyên tắc cần nhớ khi nối câu dùng too.... to:
q5/(.3+2c)
-1)Nguyên tắc thứ nhất :
'/BT6.'G638.).E('.t(.(U'(=(1,%
- 2) Nguyên tắc thứ hai:
@65,%!m')
3) Nguyên tắc thứ ba:
@6-!E76)1=D,%76)
(U8
O())|(MO(ƒ'
dœO()|(M'
(mm((|)E('z1JJ'M
dœ(mm((|)m'=(J'M
9%E,q-S]EBmm((
* Enough (Đủ): 
„3A08
1) adj/adv + enough (for sb) to inf
2) enough + N (for sb ) to inf
+G1/p)[M+A018T6.'G6,-0'/B
(uJ6,-0)(
(U8
())'(1m(U-@M%(->*+D
)'1T62-0'/B(
O(J()ƒJ'E('(m11())(J'E()

'(m111'G62-0'/B(
zJƒE((=('AMA3-@C->=U(
(1J62-0)(
•@6[4-D-D6TEm1=D,MA3!
m').u1-5/ZM+,-5/Z[4-Dm)b
-/Z>4'!m')
(U8
z)J|(11())((U=AI%-@->-\
'/;[4-D)J1AE/;))((U=-\
q1A2MA3!m')
((U(')()()m'=(J\MA-@JK->A3>1=-/Z
@6@)()1((U(')(.'M-5/Z[4-DJ1A
MA523!m'=(
•N@6E76@-D6TE76@m1=D,76-3-/Z>
!=.MAE'
y
(U8
((U(')()()m'=(J)
((U(')()()m'=(J-7
76@J1q-S]EB@6((U(')(2MAE'
Tóm lại các bạn cần nhớ 3 nguyên tắc sau đây
3 NGUYÊN TẮC CẦN NHỚ KHI NỐI CÂU DÙNG ENOUGH:
1)Nguyên tắc thứ nhất:
'/BT6.'G638.).E('.t(.(U'(=(1'/BJ63=.
=.1m.1)m,%
O()E('(11(O(J
dœO()E('(11((J)
dœO()(11((J-7
O()1m=(O('
dœO()(1m=(')

dœO()(=('-7
2) Nguyên tắc thứ hai:
@65,%!m')
(U8
=))'O(1m(U
dœ=))'(m'=1m(U)
dœ=))'(1m(U-7
(|((')m('J('11('(')1
dœ(|((')m(()1)
dœ(|((')m((m''J('11('(')1-7
2@6)3p,q3>%-
(U8
())|'={(ƒ1E(
dœ())|'=(1E(|(i-•.=I/;
3)Nguyên tắc thứ ba:
@6-!E76)1=D,%76)
(U8
(|(')t(|'=zJ'M
dœ(|(')|'=(m'=(J'M)
dœ(|(')|'=(m'=(J'M-7
* So.... that (  +-k )
A08
SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT + clause
d+5Je)
‚'/BJx?JE3.).E('.t(,%
‚31m.1)m,-H=.=
‚aE1GD=4-C
(U8
O()E(')'O(1m(U
dœO()))'(1m(U


O((1mmJO((=(11
dœO(()=mJ((=(11
O(1)mM)O(JJƒM||('((=
dœO()=M)(JJƒM||('((=
* Such.... that ( t+-k … )
A08
SUCH( a/an) + adj + N + THAT + clause
d+5Je)
‚'/BJx?JE3.).E('.t(,%
‚J61)5TWMA-=-/Z,MAJe?
‚)JxMA3J6,1*J6i-!E'S-G6E@6
(U8
O()E('1…(1M()=
dœO())1…(1M()=
(mm(()zƒJ'M
aMA3J62-(=mm((E.mm((MA-=-/Z2MA
Je?
dœz))mm((zƒJ'M
O('E()E(')m„E('(1M()('
dœa()))mE((E('(1M()('
‚'/BJ63=.=,-H1m
(U8
O(=M)O(JJƒM||('((=
dœO()1mM)(JJƒM||('((=
All, half, most, some, no and none*.=DF.!.=D)5.M3EM3
A. All, most and some
{()(all.mostJsome(m'(1'1'1(
„8dAllplants((J|('All matter )=J(m=)
dMost people |1J1M(='(=(Some food=M()=(11

All plants =()ƒ111)(('1?(|'1JƒMost people =()ƒ=)(1(
)'?(|'1Jƒa=(mJ=()ƒ)=(mJ11mJƒO('(some)
'(J?)=?
B. All of, half of, most of and some of
'8{JM((all of these clothesL™(E('|('most of them™ƒE(J
some of your jacketsm'(('){Jƒ'|them all L)()
=1((1mm)
'(E'8{(11.zmz|(J1(.==(Mm)
All of these clothes ))(m=(')1M'(E'ƒ)1().
1()(('1

{()(all (of), half (of), most of and some of
„8OE(11m(1)J(JL£.11m(=)m((1(|1E('J
('('()J()zƒE()(=)m==(1'(JO1m¤m(J((1(m(m'(
((Jm(m1=a=(mmJm'=('|)11'.z'(|)=(m
|
{(1(E(of m('all'half.(m'('
all of these clothes on all the clothes9šall of them–all themhalf of our group –X
half our group 9šhalf of us –half us {(1))(all=J)'m('
'
„8d()()are all J'zƒ11E(1(them all
d(())have all gone |zMthey all (x(J(=)(1E()
{()( most Jsome('|
„8d(J)m(|))Most|('(1J().some|('((|
C. All meaning 'everything' or 'the only thing'
{()(all|1)(=(ƒ(E('ƒ'ƒ(1ƒ
„8(11=(all M|AllzJJ|))M)=1(t()O('(M|JzJJ'(
1)(){(J'=11)(all|(1)(
(11=(everything.–Tell-me-all.
D. No and none

{()(no |
„8{(ƒE('11((1).J('('(no rooms E11(zƒ=m'JzƒE(no
money•zE(ƒany=(
{()(none|of')|
„8None of my friends |11(('M()(1()None of them '(
m)|z|(J)=(M(.('(|)none 1(m.–There-was no left
Every, each, whole, both, either and neither=k.=k.D..EM
A. Every and each8
{()(everyJeach(m'()1'1M|1('
„8d(1(t()(Jevery person/each person (1J
dEvery room/Each room )=('z=(U)(('|'J)))1(.
('()Jmm('((=(
Every person =()ƒ11((1(ƒ.ƒ(E('(ƒ
Each person =()11((1()(()JEJ1).((
{()(eachevery)|'|m
„8d('('()Um1)Each))|('(.–„E(')
dEachof ()Um1)))|('(.–Every of the
{(1))Each one/Every one ))|('(
{(1))(each =J)'m(''
„8We've eachgot '|J()M(E(us eachJ()M
='(everyJall(m'(day, morning, week.(
„8z'E(1every day.•J.()J.{(J()J.z|)'E(11all day•
`
m'=='11(E(
B. Whole
{()(whole(m'()1'z=()ƒ11ƒ'ƒ=1((ƒ
„8('(Jthe whole time•11(=(zƒE()(mywhole life |m'
)==(•11=1m({(ƒ11((Ja whole loaf =M()J|()m'(E('(
C. Both, either and neither
{()(.(('J(('m'|)

„8zƒE(|1()Both m(='(t(1JzƒE(E(1.)zJƒ'J(
eitherm(=='(Neitherm(=)E('JJ.zƒ=m'J
Both =()ƒ((J(('ƒ{()((m11|)''()
„8d{(J|1(('))='.Jboth letters/both the letters/both of the
letters/both of them'(11){(1))(=J)'m(''
d(1((')'(11)zƒE(((J(=
Either=()ƒ(('(('ƒ.Jneither=()ƒ(('(('ƒ
„8zE(ƒ=(either twin/either of the twins/either m(=
d((')(m)?(('m()()m)?ƒ(('m(=m)
{()(both, either Jneither('|
„8()'()|1m).Jboth '(morder/neither )|'M
Giới từ : có thể bạn chưa biết !
Chúng ta thừong học giới từ bằng cách lượm lặt chổ này một ít ,chổ kia một ít mà không
có một sự hệ thống bài bản để dễ nhớ. Khi nói về giới từ ta thừong nghỉ ngay đến : in, at,
on ..v..v chứ có bao giờ bạn nghỉ rằng các chữ: saving, notwithstanding, thậm chí là in
order to lại là giới từ !
Những sai lầm thừơng gặp khi dùng giới từ là:
1)Suy luận từ cách dùng đã gặp trước đó :
PTJo8
'/B-3W8|''about811cvề
!)W8J))))}}}}}1\về 1)'6'2=-Cabout
E.1)
2)Không nhận ra là giới từ thay đổi vì thấy cùng một danh từ:
PTJo8
'/B-3W8 in (morning
1MW8}}}1J|('morning.*morning2Iin•œ)-7
'Jeon 
3)Bị tiếng Việt ảnh hưởng :
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)-7'Jeto 

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Gq*•5'5•/=,,G)7MAe,=>M•
EC7•L
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GIỚ TỪ LÀ GÌ ?
/;63~6.'g='\'g=c•E\'BMIECB6
~3•1,.A0.*G¥,=B~c•3-[0
MA+GL
ĐỊNH NGHĨA :
&B61-0'/B=DJ6W/-/J6->G')[
1247
Ví dụ :
z1(on((J
MA3B6on ,)bMA'€].6-I)bMAA_='2
/;.2G¥2J/B+/;h
Ÿ'23c-~6/-/J6~-)B6.E\71
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TÂN NGỮ CHO GIỚI TỪ :
-)B6I7176B6-3.73>1
1G)8
Danh từ8
(M)onthe table
Đại từ '
z|''abouther
`Trạng từ 8JE('
z|11|m'till tomorrow
jĐộng danh từ ('J
zJ'(=ofwinning1('
"Cụm từ ')(
O(|11=(till after the meal

sMệnh đề 1)(
z1'(…(J=bythe way he spoke
HÌNH THỨC CỦA GIỚI TỪ:
Giới từ đơn )=1('())
B63=D8in, at, on, for, from, to, under, over, with¥
Giới từ đôi J1('())
B6-/ZG'_+ZB6-1G8
Into, onto, upon, without, within, underneath, throughout, from among …
(')into ('=8_VGE'u
O(m(11onto ('J8VU5-/;
z)(('m'=among ('1)8AIA*6')5+A+
`Giới từ kép=J'())
B6-/ZG_-!aWbe
About, among, across , amidst, above, against,
Before, behind, beside, beyond, beneath, between, below…
"